湖南中考专题第一轮总复习 第十讲 祈使句、感叹句和倒装句（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第十讲
祈使句、感叹句和倒装句
【知识梳理】
一、祈使句
祈使句是表请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子。主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句点。
1.肯定的祈使句：
①动词原形+其他
Stand
up,
please.
=
Please
stand
up.
Be
careful!
=
Look
out!
=
Take
care!
Let’s
go
to
school
together.
②Do+动词原形+其他，加强语气
Do
come
on
time!
2.否定的祈使句：
①Don't
+
动词原形.
Don't
stand
up.
Don't
be
careless.
Don't
let
them
play
with
fire.
②Let's
+
not
+
动词原形.
Let's
not
say
anything
about
it.
3.特殊形式的祈使句：
①某些名词、形容词或副词后面加感叹号
Hands
up!
Taxi!
②No+名词/动名词
No
litter!
No
smoking!
4.包含祈使句的两个重要句型
①“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。
②“祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件。
Hurry
up,
and
you’ll
catch
the
train.
(＝If
you
hurry
up,
you’ll
catch
the
train.)
Hurry
up,
or
you’ll
miss
the
train.
(＝If
you
don’t
hurry
up,
you’ll
miss
the
train.
二、感叹句
感叹句用来表达强烈感情的句子，如欢乐、兴奋、惊奇、愤怒、悲伤等，书面语中句末用感叹号。常由what或者how引导。
1.what引导的感叹句
①What+a(an)+形容词+可数名词单数+
(主语+谓语)
!
What
a
nice
girl
(she
is)!
What
an
interesting
movie
(it
is)!
②What+形容词+可数名词复数+
(主语+谓语)
!
What
important
jobs
they
have
done!
　　
③What+形容词+不可数名词+
(主语+谓语)
!
What
nice
music/bad
weather/good
news
(it
is)
!
2.how引导的感叹句
①How+形容词/副词+
(主语+谓语)
!
　
How
hard
they
work!
　　
How
clever
the
girl
is!
　　
②How
+形容词+
a/an
+可数名词单数
+
(主语+谓语)
!
How
clever
a
boy
(he
is)
!
③How
+
主语
+
谓语!
How
time
flies!
3.特殊形式的感叹句
①在陈述句、祈使句或疑问句句尾加感叹号，表示某种强烈感情。
Do
read
it
carefully!
②用一个词或词组表达强烈感情的句子。
Great
!
Look
out!
③Here/There开头的感叹句：
Here
we
are!
There
goes
the
bell!
三、倒装句
1.so,
neither倒装句型
①“So+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”
表示前面的肯定情况也适合后面的人或物，意为“某人（物）也如此”
②Neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语
表示前面的否定情况也适合后面的人或物，意为“某人（物）也不”
Tom
watched
TV
last
night.
So
did
Ann
Mary
didn't
watch
TV
last
night.
Neither
did
Jim
2.there
be句型
There
be句型是表示“存在”的一个句型,是一个主语在be动词后面的倒装句。
There
is
a
tree
in
front
of
the
building.
3.副词开头引起的倒装句
在以here,
there,out,down,away等表示方位的副词开头的句子中，如果主语是名词，要用倒装句。因此,谓语动词的形式由位于倒装句句尾的主语决定。
There
goes
the
bell.
Here
are
some
flowers.
注意:如果主语是人称代词,就不必倒装。
Here
you
are.
Here
it
is.
【中考链接】
2014—2019年湖南中考题组
1.(2019长沙,21)_______
fun
it
is
to
have
a
field
trip
on
the
Orange
Island!
A．What
B．What
a
C．How
2..(2019邵阳，23)
—________
different
life
is
today!
—Yeah.
We
are
all
living
a
happy
and
rich
life
now.
A.
What
a
B.
How
C.
What
3.(2018长沙,26)—Mom,
I
bought
us
two
tickets
to
the
2018
World
Cup
in
Russia.
—Really?
　　????
pleasant
surprise!
A.How
B.What
C.What
a
4(2017长沙,24)　　????
carefully,
please!
Look
at
the
road
sign.
There
is
a
school
ahead.
A.Drive
B.To
drive
C.Driving
5.(2017常德,30)　　????
funny
story!
A.How
B.What
C.What
a
6.(2017邵阳,28)　　????
great
basketball
player
Yao
Ming
is!
I
like
him
very
much.
A.What
B.How
C.What
a
7.(2017郴州,29)—　　????
friendly
boy
he
is!
—Yes.
He's
always
ready
to
help
others.
A.What
a
B.What
C.How
8.(2017永州,27)David,　　????
make
trouble
at
school.
A.can't
B.don't
C.doesn't
9.(2016长沙,22)—　　????will
you
fly
to
Beijing?
—In
two
days.
A.How
long
B.How
often
C.How
soon
10.(2016株洲,31)　　????pleasant
journey
it
is!
A.How
B.What
C.What
a
11.(2016常德,35)We
have
to
say
goodbye.　　????time
flies!
A.What
B.How
C.What
a
12.(2016永州,23)—　　????do
you
have
an
English
test?
—Once
a
month.
A.How
often
B.How
long
C.How
soon
13.(2016益阳,22)　　????fine
weather
it
is
today!
A.What
B.How
C.What
a
14.(2016怀化,29)　　????
nice
weather
today!
Let's
go
hiking.
A.How
B.What
a
C.What
15.(2015益阳,30)—　　????can
you
finish
your
homework?
—In
about
one
and
a
half
hours.
A.How
fast
B.How
soon
C.How
often
16.(2015娄底,29)—　　????nice
day
today!
—Yeah,
let's
take
a
walk
outside.
A.What
a
B.What
C.How
17.(2015张家界,27)　　????is
your
grandmother?Is
she
fine?
A.What
B.How
C.Where
18.(2015长沙,26)—Jane
Zhang
is
going
to
hold
a
concert
here
in
July.
—Really?　　????exciting
news!
A.How
B.What
an
C.What
19.(2015邵阳,30)—Mr
Black
goes
to
work
by
car
every
day.
—　　?????.
A.So
does
Mr
Green
B.So
Mr
Green
does
C.So
is
Mr
Green
20.(2014长沙,25)　　????nervous
the
girl
was!She
could
not
fall
asleep
all
night.
A.What
B.What
a
C.How
21.(2014衡阳,26)—　　????does
Tom
go
to
the
club?
—Once
a
week.
A.How
often
B.How
soon
C.How
long
22.(2014常德,30)—Do
you
usually
play
computer
games
or
do
your
homework
in
the
evening?
—　　????.It's
good
for
my
study.
A.Yes.I
do
B.Do
my
homework
C.Neither
23.(2014娄底,23)—　　????is
Mr
Brown?
—He
is
a
teacher.
A.Where
B.Who
C.What
24.(2014岳阳,24)—Does
she　　????be
quiet
in
the
library?
—Yes,
she
does.
A.has
to
B.had
to
C.have
to
25.(2014益阳,30)—My
grandma
is
used
to
living
in
the
city.
—　　?????.
A.So
my
grandpa
is
B.So
is
my
grandpa
C.So
my
grandpa
did
26.(2014邵阳,29)　　????beautiful
place
Mount
Lang
is!Thousands
of
visitors
come
here
to
spend
their
holidays
every
year.
A.What
a
B.What
C.How
27.(2014永州,18)—　　????is
your
new
schoolbag?
—It's
￥30.
A.How
many
B.How
much
C.How
long
28.(2014张家界,31)　　????someone's
age.That's
a
personal
question.
A.Ask
B.Don't
ask
C.Be
sure
to
ask
29．（长沙2020年中考，23）_______your
smartphones，and
read
for
at
least
30
minutes，every
day!
You
know，reading
helps
us
to
deepen
our
spiritual
world．（　　）
A．Put
away
B．To
put
away
C．Putting
away
2016—2019年模拟·基础题组
1.（
2019周南语雨花第一次月考）________
exciting
news
it
is.
A
How
B
What
C.
What
a
2.（2019师大梅西湖第一次月考）__________
the
small
town
is!
It
is
more
beautiful
than
the
town
that
I
visited
last
year.
How
beautiful?
B.
What
a
beautiful?
C.
What
beautiful
3.（2019长郡集团第一次月考)
---
Mom.
I
bought
us
two
tickets
to
the
concert.
---
Really?
__________
exciting
news!
A.
How?
B.
What
an?
C.
What
4.(2018一中集团联考期末,21)—Most
students
took
　　????
active
part
in
the
competition.
—　　????
good
news!
A./;What
a
B.an;What
C.the;How
5.(2018周南期末,25)—　　????
do
you
go
shopping
with
your
mother?
—Sometimes,
not
often.
A.How
often
B.How
soon
C.How
far
6.(2018
周南实验限时训练三,
27)　　????
hard
work
it
is!
And
　　????
should
I
do
to
complete
it
well?
A.What
a;how
B.What;what
C.What;how
7.(2018周南集团联考二,28)Ben,　　????
wake
your
sister.
She
needs
a
good
sleep.
A.don't
B.doesn't
C.aren't
8.(2017长沙模拟四,28)　　????
important
it
is
for
him
to
imagine
freely!
A.What
B.What
a
C.How
9.(2017长沙麓山国际实验学校第一次模拟,28)—　　????
excellent
work
you
have
done!
—It's
very
kind
of
you
to
say
so.
A.What
B.What
an
C.How
10.(2017周南实验中学模拟二,26)—　　????
exciting
news
it
is!
Disneyland
in
Shanghai
has
been
open
to
the
public!
—　　????.
We
plan
to
go
there
this
summer
holiday.
A.What
an;
So
is
it
B.What;
So
it
is
C.How;
So
it
is
11.(2020麓山国际模拟卷,21)-Did
you
know
Tom
won
the
first
prize
in
the
English
Speech
Contest?
-Really?
big
success
it
was.
A.
What
a
B.How
C.What
12.(2020广益第一次模拟,28).
afraid
of
speaking
in
front
of
people,Tom.You
are
the
best
one
in
our
class.
A.
Don't
be
B.
Not
be
C.
Not
to
be
13.(2020青竹湖一模,29)—
I
lost
my
keys
this
morning
and
I
have
to
stay
outdoors
now.
What
should
I
do?
—
________
the
old
lock
into
a
fingerprint
one,
and
you
don’t
need
any
keys.
A.
Change
B.
Changing
C.
To
change
14.(2020长沙中考,23).
______
your
smart
phones,
and
read
for
at
least
30
minutes,
every
day!
You
know,
reading
helps
us
to
deepen
our
spiritual
world.
A.
Put
away
B.
To
put
away
C.
Putting
away
15.(2020广益第一次模拟,29)
long
time
he
has
waited
for
you!
-No
wonder
he
is
hitting
the
ceiling.
How
B.
What
C.
What
a
第十讲
祈使句、感叹句和倒装句
参考答案
2014-2020年湖南中考题组
1～5
ABCAC
6～10
CABCC
11～15
BACBB
16～20
ABBAC
21～25
ABBAB
26～29
CBBA
2017—2020年模拟基础题组
1~5AACBA
6~10BACAB
11-15
AAAAC
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