中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?/??)
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?/??)
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?/??)
选词填空考察目标
选词填空综合了词汇、句子
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)结构以及阅读理解部分的测试内容。它不仅测试应试者在词汇和句子水平上运用语言的能力，还测试应试者在语篇上综合运用语言结构的能力。
选词填空词汇特征
只考实词：动词、名词、形容词、副词为主
聚焦核心词汇：考纲中的中高级高频词汇考察较多
熟词生义/一词多义/一词多性
构词法（派生/转化/合成/缀合）
选词填空解题技巧
动词的确定：动词最容易确定，因为一个句子没有动词就等于没有谓语，是很明显的缺陷。而且动词的关联性、可比性最差，选这个和选那个有天壤之别。
.
In
particular,
when
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
older
patients
___
of
pain,
they
were
told
it
was
a
natural
part
of
aging
and
they
would
have
to
learn
to
live
with
it.
(complain)21cnjy.com
.The
rainfall
is
inc
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)reased
across
South
America，
___
floods
to
Peru.
(bring)
.That’s
why
a
growin
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)g
number
of
hospitals
now
depend
upon
physicians
who
___
in
pain
medicine.(specialize)www-2-1-cnjy-com
a）前后都是名词短语，中间一般为动词（时态看前后文）;
b)
一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词;
c）一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语
注：进行时、被动语态、祈使句，如
schools
are
concentrating
on
some
subjects
名词的确定：名词主要做主语、宾语
1).The
hot,
hu
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)mid
air
over
the
ocean
causes
severe
____
a
thunderstorms.（可能是形容词，也可能是名词修饰thunderstorms）21
cnjy
com
2).
Education
soon
became
a
____________
.(nightmare)【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
3).
As
the
trade
winds
lessen
in
_______
…(strength)
a.
形容词或名词都可以修饰名词;
b.
限定词（the,
this,
that,
a,
my之类）后必有名词;
c.
谓语动词前必有名词或名词性质的主语
d.
介词后面必有名词或相当与名词的词.
e.
定语从句前面是名词
注：名词作定语，如
education
system
3形容词的确定：
1)．名词的前面
…
women
are
customers.
2．副词的后面
…
El
Nino
brought
the
most
weather
in
modern
history.
3．名词的后面,形容词短语作定语
a
man
ready
to
go
注：并列形容词和形容词短语作后置定语，如：a
boy
anxious
about
his
exam
results
4.副词的确定：
1)．动词的附近（指前面或后面）…students
outperform
their
peers
…
…jobs
that
used
to
be
done
by
women…
2)．形容词和分词的前面
…but
they
are
still
not
sure
what
leads
to
it…
3)．句子的前面
Not
,
the
jury
found
them
both
guilty.
5.非谓语的确定（do,
doing,
done）：
1)．动名词作主语、动词宾语和介词宾语、表语、定语。
Recognize
your
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
feelings,
but
don’t
focus
on
them
all
the
time,
because
acknowledging
and
challenging
your
pain
is
difficult,
but
recognizing
it
is
the
first
step
toward
dealing
with
it.
2)．分词作表语、宾补、定语、状语。
…But
sometimes,
tha
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)t
monitoring
system
can
backfire,
distracting
us
from
the
task
at
hand
and
causing
us
to
make
another
error.
3)．有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。
They
tried?to?protect
the
wagon
trains
from
Indian
attacks.?
....
even
if
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)this
is
restricted?to
knowing
how
proper
names
and
place
names
are
pronounced.
注：不带to的不定式、
动名词、现在分词和过去分词，单个过去分词作后置定语
如，the
food
left
6.
固定搭配：在选词填
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)空中，约定俗成的固定搭配不是很多，但对固定搭配的理解很常见，比如：acquire
knowledge;
heavy
traffic是表示交通拥堵。此外，非常重要的一点是注意小品词，即我们通常所说的to,
in
,
on
,
at
,from等等,某种程度上能给我们选择的提示。如：my
______
for
her
moved
her.
(attitude
;
love)21教育网
1).He
believes
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)design
must
take
into
49
the
sensory
side
of
our
nature—sight,
smell,
touch
and
taste.
（account）（2016高考）
2).
Since
you
really_
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)_42__
yourself
to
a
healthier
lifestyle,
a
little
help
would
come
in
handy,
wouldn't
it?
(commit)
(2014高考)
3).The
British
an
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)d
Swedish
governments
have
introduced
a
so-called
"traffic
light
system"
to
__46__foods
as
healthy
or
unhealthy.
(classify)
（2014高考）
7.
逻辑结构:
理清复杂句式或上下
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)文的逻辑结构，进行解题。对复杂句的结构分析能帮助我们对句子的成分更加清晰，能清楚地确定空格处所需填入词汇的词性，甚至可能的意思。上下文逻辑关系也对选项产生影响。大家需要关注形式上的逻辑关系和意义上逻辑关系。所谓形式上的逻辑关系就是我们通常讲的因果，让步，递进等；而意义上的逻辑关系就是以语篇表达的意思为线索，前后文中，意义上存在那些关系。比如说，描述一个人的心情的变化，心情好时，应该使用的是积极词汇，而心情不好时则使用消极词汇。当然，形式和意思之间存在紧密联系，不能割裂开来。
the
income
…give
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)s
them
new
independence
and
buying
power.
For
example,
women
now
_____
about
half
of
all
cars.
正向并列：buying
同义词暗示
purchase.
选词填空解题步骤
第一步：通读全文
read
through
选词填空要先了解文章大意，带
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)着文章脉络去找选项。所以，务必先沉着地把文章读一遍，尤其注意gap
前后的位置，为寻找正确选项打下铺垫。选词填空短文的第一句对全文的内容有概括提示作用，所以一定要认真看懂第一句，而且反复出现的词也是帮助考生掌握文章大致内容的重要线索。
第二步：整理选项
classify
the
options
整理选项。大概花费1分钟，即辨别每个
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)单词词性。分别标出备选项的词性，比如在名词旁标注n.，在动词旁写上v.，形容词旁标注adj.，副词旁写上adv.等。
第三步：选词填空
fill
in
the
gaps
我们在选择时，根据所掌握的英语语法规则来初步确定每个空应填词汇的词性，缩小选择范围。然后，根据上下文的内在逻辑含义选择合适的选项填空。
第四步：复读全文，谨慎调整
填空完成后，再次复读全文，自我感觉上下文是否通顺、内在逻辑关系是否连贯。如有问题，也需要谨慎的微作调整。
选词填空中学生问题
1.不理解长难句
All
rain
fore
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)sts
share
certain
___41___
features,
including
a
closed
canopy,
the
dense
vegetation
of
the
top
branches
that
forms
a
roof
above
the
forest
floor,
a
damp
and
warm
climate,
and
___42___
constant
temperatures
throughout
the
year.
A.
countless
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
B.
exhausted
C.
comparison
D.
essential
E.
estimates
F.
distinctiveG.
relatively
H.
cleared
I.
unfortunately
J.
recycled
K.
restricts
（2016长宁二模）
2、不认识派生词
Considering
how
much
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
time
people
spend
in
effects,
it
is
important
that
with
A
be
well
designed.
Well-designed
office
spaces
help
create
a
corporation’s
image.
They
motivate
workers
and
they
make
an
impression
on
people
who
visit
and
might
be
potential,
or
41
,
customers.
They
make
business
work
better,
and
they
are
a
part
of
the
corporate
culture
to
live
in.
（2016高考）
A.
access
B.alternatives
C.designed
D.
confirmed
E.
conflictingF.
elements
G.
function
H.innovative
I.prospective
J.
separate
K.
supporting
Next,
access
the
sce
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ne,
asking
other
people
or
the
injured
person’s
family
or
friends
about
details
of
the
injury
or
illness,
any
care
that
may
have
already
been
given,
and
___37___
conditions
such
as
heart
trouble.
Unless
the
accident
scene
becomes
unsafe
or
the
victim
may
suffer
further
injury,
do
not
move
the
victim.
2·1·c·n·j·y
（2017黄埔一模）
A.
administered
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
B.
as
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)sess
C.
evaluating
D.
externally
E.
improperly
F.
life-threateningG.
measures
H.
original
I.
preexisting
J.
principles
K.
vital
3、熟词生义未掌握
You
need
to
communicat
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)e
in
a
way
that
38
their
company
standards;
this
will
show
that
you
can
fit
in
that
organization.（2017春考模拟卷）
A.
competitor
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)s
B.
philosophy
C.
properly
D.
maximize
E.
enthusiastic
F.
candidateG.
mirrors
H.
background
I.
extremely
J.
conducted
K.
cultural
4、词汇量不足
Before
scien
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ce
became
professionalized
in
the
19th
century,
__(31)__
naturalists
were
collecting
information
and
helping
us
understand
the
natural
world.
A
2009
study
found
that
nearly
50%
of
UK
__(32)__
feed
wild
birds.
The
National
Trust
has
more
than
5
million
members,
and
60,000
active
volunteers
helping
to
protect
the
countryside
as
well
as
historic
__(33)__.
Now,
with
our
environment
arguably
under
greater
threat
than
ever
and
species
declining
at
a(n)
__(34)__
rate,
volunteers
are
once
again
at
the
forefront
of
efforts
to
limit
the
damage.
（2018徐汇二模）
A.
alarming
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
B.
properties
C.
revealed
D.
invasive
E.
rescue
F.
instrumental
G.
households
H.
document
I.
concerned
J.
amateur
K.
initiatives
选词填空学习建议
1
掌握词汇的词性多样性特征；
2
了解词缀知识，扩充词汇量；
关注词汇之间的常用搭配；
分析语篇内的逻辑关系；
提高自己分析复合句的语法技能；
6
多阅读，注意积累总结；
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?/??)
A
A.?minerals?
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)???
B.?agriculture??
C.?profitable??
D.?available???
E.?shortages??
F.?celebrations?G.?immigrants??
H.?increased??
?I.?population??
J.?fashionable??
K.?opened?
Chinese
traders
were
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)recorded
as
making
voyages
to
the
north
coast
of
Australia
from
the
1750s,
but
were
probably
visiting
Australia
long
before.
Chinese
men
arrived
in
Australia
in
small
numbers
after
the
1788
British
settlement
as
free
settlers
and
criminals.
A
small
population
grew
rapidly
after
1848
under
a
system
of
indentured（契约的）labour,
after
China
had
__41__
its
ports
to
foreign
trade
in
1842.
They
worked
in
rural
New
South
Wales
as
cooks,
farm
labourers
and
etc.
Indentured
Chin
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ese
__42__
worked
in
all
colonies
variously
as
station
hands,
plantation
workers,
miners,
on
public
works,
cabinet
makers,
personal
servants
and
in
laundries.
Most
came
from
the
south-eastern
provinces
of
Guangdong
and
Fujian.21
cnjy
com
Due
to
labour
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
__43__
in
West
Australia,
the
Colonial
Government
organized
Chinese
contract
labour
between
1847
and
1898,
most
working
as
labourers,
cooks
and
gardeners.
Many
Chinese
people
came
from
rural
backgrounds
and
brought
with
them
__44__
and
water
management
skills.
By
1885,
there
were
54
Chinese
market
gardens
in
Sydney.
By
1901,
67%
of
New
South
Wales
market
gardeners
were
Chinese.
Gold
rushes
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)in
Victoria
in
the
1850s
and
New
South
Wales
in
the
1860s
significantly
__45__
the
population
of
Chinese
immigrants
in
Australia;
about
45,000
prospectors
arrived
in
Victoria
alone
in
1854-58.
Numbers
continued
to
increase
as
gold
and
other
__46__
were
discovered
in
Queensland,
Northern
Territory
and
Tasmania.
When
mining
be
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)came
less
__47__,
many
Chinese
people
worked
successfully
to
provide
goods
and
services
such
as
furniture
making,
market
gardening,
fishing
and,
particularly,
store-keeping
including
the
import
and
export
of
goods
from
overseas.
Chinese
goods,
especially
tea,
silk,
vegetables,
herbs
and
other
spices
were
highly
sought
after
items
of
trade
by
non-Chinese
people.
Tea
rooms,
importing
and
selling
many
varieties
of
tea,
were
very
popular.
Chinese
silk
was
turned
into
__48__
evening
wear
and
cloaks
by
Chinese
tailors
and
seamstresses.?
Today
there
is
a
cu
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)lturally
diverse
Chinese
__49__
in
Australia
with
links
to
south-eastern
China
as
well
as
Vietnam
and
Hong
Kong.
The
Chinese
communities
in
Australia
are
brought
together
every
year
by
__50__
of
Lunar
New
Year.?
答案：41-45?KGEBH
46-50?ACJIF?
解析：
文是一篇关于讲澳洲中国籍移民
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)的文章。十一选十的做题原则是：所给单词的词性及词义与空格所需的词性和词义匹配。观察所给出的词，其中名词五个，形容词四个，动词两个。整篇文章难度适中，认真观察前后文，以及体会文中意，结合语境分析题目。
41.?K
解析：?...after?C
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)hina?had?__41__?its?ports?to?foreign?trade?in?1842.?根据上下文判断，此处需要从两个动词中选其一，因为后边有介词to,?根据固定搭配，“向......开放港口”恰好为“open?ports?to...”。所以答案为opened。?21世纪教育网版权所有
42.?G
解析：合同制的中国劳工（人）以多种身份在澳洲劳作，我们需要从选项中找出表示人（身份）的名词，综上所述，immigrants为最佳选项。?21·世纪
教育网
43.E
解析：Due
to
labour
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
__43__
in
West
Australia,
the
Colonial
Government
organized
Chinese
contract
labour
between
1847
and
1898,
most
working
as
labourers,
cooks
and
gardeners.?西澳大利亚劳动力短缺，所以当时的殖民政府组织中国合同工去澳洲工作，充当廉价劳动力。根据词性和句意，E选项shortages很快能够被选择出来。
44.?B
解析：?Many
Chinese
peopl
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)e
came
from
rural
backgrounds
and
brought
with
them
__44__
and
water
management
skills.?来自中国农村的劳动力将农业和水管理技巧带到了澳洲。中间有连接词and，前后应该是相似结构和语意，根据上下文判断，与water词义最相关的名词应该是B，agriculture。?
45.?H
解析：Gold
rushes
in
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)Victoria
in
the
1850s
and
New
South
Wales
in
the
1860s
significantly
__45__
the
population
of
Chinese
immigrants
in
Australia.?当年的淘金潮极大地（吸引）了大批中国移民进入澳洲。根据语意，本文要选择一个可以和population搭配的、表示人口增长的动词，故选择H.increased.
46.?A
解析：Numbers
continu
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ed
to
increase
as
gold
and
other
__46__
were
discovered
in
Queensland,
Northern
Territory
and
Tasmania.中间有连接词and，前后应该是相似结构和语意，根据上下文判断，与gold词义最相关的名词应该是A.minerals。【来源：21cnj
y.co
m】
47.C
解析：时光荏苒，采矿业日渐衰败，所以le
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ss后边应该填一个表示正面意义的形容词，选项中C.profitable，D.available，E.fashionable都有这种倾向，但是，available很少用less修饰，fashionable常常用来服饰等，都属于错误的搭配，综上所述，答案是C.profitable。?
48.?J
解析：明显此空缺的是形容词，可选项只剩D、E。修饰服装，故答案E引刃而解。
49.?I
解析：如今在澳洲活跃着一支文化多元的中国人。不定冠词a修饰一个单数可数名词，而且此必定表示人，综上所述，答案为I。?
?50.?F
解析：?The
Chinese
c
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ommunities
in
Australia
are
brought
together
every
year
by
__50__
of
Lunar
New
Year.?新年前需要填一个可以与之搭配的名词，只有F.?celebrations最适合。?
B
As
infants,
we
c
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)an
recognize
our
mothers
within
hours
of
birth.
In
fact,
we
can
recognize
the
41
of
our
mother’s
face
well
before
we
can
recognize
her
body
shape.
It’s
42
how
the
brain
can
carry
out
such
a
function
at
such
a
young
age,
especially
since
we
don’t
learn
to
walk
and
talk
until
we
are
over
a
year
old.
By
the
time
we
are
adults,
we
have
the
ability
to
distinguish
around
100,000
faces.
How
can
we
remember
so
many
faces
when
many
of
us
find
it
difficult
to
43
such
a
simple
thing
as
a
phone
number?
The
exact
process
is
not
yet
fully
understood,
but
research
around
the
world
has
begun
to
define
the
specific
areas
of
the
brain
and
processes
44
for
facial
recognition.
Researchers
a
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)t
the
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology
believe
that
they
have
succeeded
in
45
a
specific
area
of
the
brain
called
the
fusiform
face
area
(FFA),
which
is
used
only
for
facial
recognition.
This
means
that
recognition
of
familiar
objects
such
as
our
clothes
or
cars,
is
from
46
in
the
brain.
Researchers
also
have
found
that
the
brain
needs
to
see
the
whole
face
for
recognition
to
take
place.
It
had
been
47
thought
that
we
only
needed
to
see
certain
facial
features.
Meanwhile,
research
at
University
College
London
has
found
that
facial
recognition
is
not
a
single
process,
but
48
involves
three
steps.
The
first
step
appears
to
be
an
analysis
of
the
physical
features
of
a
person’s
face,
which
is
similar
to
how
we
scan
the
bar
codes
of
our
groceries.
In
the
next
step,
the
brain
decides
whether
the
face
we
are
looking
at
is
already
known
or
unknown
to
us.
And
finally,
the
brain
furnishes
the
information
we
have
collected
about
the
person
whose
face
we
are
looking
at.
This
complex
49
is
done
in
a
split
second
so
that
we
can
behave
quickly
when
reacting
to
certain
situations.
41.
【答案】J
【解析】composition，名词，意为“结构，组成”，这里表示“认出母亲的脸部构成”。
【答案】H
【解析】fascinating，形
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)容词，意为“有趣的，迷人的”，
此处为句型
“It’s
fascinating/interesting/exciting??that/how表示…是如此有趣。
43.
【答案】B
【解析】recall，动词，意为“回忆，回
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)想”，此处根据常用搭配find
it
difficult
to
do
sth得出应选择动词，recall
such
a
simple
thing
as
a
phone
number表示“回想出简单的电话号码”。
44.
【答案】E
【解析】necessary，形容
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)词，“必要的”，此处necessary
for
facial
recognition作后置定语修饰the
specific
areas，表示“识别人脸必要的区域”。
45.
【答案】F
【解析】locate，动
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)词，“定位”。此处有搭配succeed
in
sth/doing
sth，故要选择动名词形式。这里意为“成功定位到一个脑部具体区域FFA”。
46.
【答案】I
【解析】elsewhere，副词，“其他地方
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)”。由上文推断出既然人脸识别是一个专门的区域进行处理，那么此处“对其它物体的识别”自然是大脑中“其它地方”了。
47.
【答案】D
【解析】previously，副词，“先前
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)的”。根据上文推断得出人脸识别需要看到整张脸，因此此处的想法“我们只需要看一些脸部特征”是“先前的”。
48.
【答案】G
【解析】instead，副词，“代替，而不是”。此处根据两句话的意思推断出是转折替代关系，因此选instead。
49.
【答案】C
【解析】processin
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)g，名词，“处理，进程”。根据语法推断出此处填名词，由上下文意思得出用processing，表示“这一复杂的处理过程在瞬间完成”。
C
A.
account
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
B.
adjustable
C.
appliances
D.
capture
E.
decorations
F.
direct
G.
experiment
H.
intended
I.
operated
J.
soulless
K.
squeeze
Golden
Rules
of
Good
Design
What
makes
good
design?
Over
the
years,
designers
and
artists
have
been
trying
to
41
the
essentials
of
good
design.
They
have
found
that
some
sayings
can
help
people
understand
the
ideas
of
good
design.
There
are
four
as
follows.【版权所有：21教育】
Less
is
more.
T
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)his
saying
is
associated
with
the
German-born
architect
Mies
van
der
Rohe.
In
his
Modernist
view,
beauty
lies
in
simplicity
and
elegance,
and
the
aim
of
the
designer
is
to
create
solutions
to
problems
through
the
most
efficient
means.
Design
should
avoid
unnecessary
42
More
is
not
a
bor
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)e.
The
American-born
architect
Robert
Venturi
concluded
that
if
simplicity
is
done
badly,
the
result
is
43
design.
Post-Modernist
designers
began
to
44
with
decoration
and
color
again.
Product
design
was
heavily
influenced
by
this
view
and
can
be
seen
in
kitchen
45
such
as
ovens
and
kettles.
Fitness
for
purpose
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?).
Successful
product
design
takes
into
consideration
a
product’s
function,
purpose,
shape,
form,
color,
and
so
on.
The
most
important
result
for
the
user
is
that
the
product
does
what
is
46
.
For
example,
think
of
a(n)
47
desk
lamp.
It
needs
to
be
constructed
from
materials
that
will
stand
the
heat
of
the
lamp
and
regular
adjustments
by
the
user.
It
also
needs
to
be
stable.
Most
importantly,
it
needs
to
48
light
where
it
is
needed.
From
follows
emotion.
This
phrase
is
associated
with
the
German
designer
Hartmut
Esslinger.
He
believes
design
must
take
into
49
the
sensory
side
of
our
nature—sight,
smell,
touch
and
taste.
These
are
as
important
as
rational(理性的).
When
choosing
everyday
products
such
as
toothpaste,
we
appreciate
a
cool-looking
device
that
allows
us
to
easily
50
the
toothpaste
onto
our
brush.
【答案】
41.?D?
?42.E??
43.J?
?44.G?
?45.C?
?46.H??
47.B??
48.F?
?49.A??
50.K
【解析】
试题分析：本文属于说明文，告诉我们好的设计应包括四个黄金定律：简约、功能以及情感等等。
41.?D??动词capture获得；捕获
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)；本句中该词构成的不定式短语“to
capture.....”作为动词try的宾语。句意：多年以来，设计师和艺术家一直都在努力搞清楚好的设计的本质。
42.E??名词deco
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)rations
装饰，该词在句中作为动词avoid的宾语。本段的主题是“Less
is
more”倡导装修设计的简单化。句意：设计应该避免不必要的装饰物。
43.J??形容词soulless
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
没有灵魂的；该词在本句中做定语修饰名词design。根据前半句“The
American-born
architect
Robert
Venturi
concluded
that
if
simplicity
is
done
badly...”可知美国建筑家Robert
Venturi总结过，如果简约没有做好，那么这样的设计就是没有灵魂的；
44.G??动词短语experiment
with试用，用...做实验；句意：后现代主义设计师们再一次开始试验装饰和颜色。
45.C??名词applianc
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)e电器，电器工具；该词可由后面列举的例子“ovens
and
kettles烤箱和水壶”推理，指厨房电器等物品。
46.H??形容词intended预期的；本句中该词和系动词is构成系表结构。句意：对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?/??)
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?/??)
A
A.
additional
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
B.
academic
C.
balance
D.
options
E.
highlightF.
particular
G.
involved
H.
related
I.
thought
J.
presentation
K.
position
Job
seekers
sh
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ould
know
the
rules
of
labor
market
before
they
try
to
find
a
proper
job.
Most
career
organizations
___31___
three
stages
for
graduates
to
follow
the
process
of
securing
a
suitable
career:
recognizing
abilities,
matching
these
to
available
jobs
and
presenting
them
well
to
possible
employers.
Job
seekers
have
to
m
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ake
a
careful
assessment
of
their
abilities.
One
area
of
assessment
should
be
of
their
___32___
qualifications,
which
include
special
skills
within
their
subject
area.
Graduates
should
also
consider
their
own
values
and
attitudes.
An
honest
assessment
of
personal
interests
and
abilities
such
as
creative
skills,
or
skills
acquired
from
work
experience,
should
also
be
given
careful
___33___.
The
second
stage
is
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)to
study
the
opportunities
which
are
available
for
employment.
To
do
this,
graduates
can
study
job
and
___34___
information
in
newspapers,
or
they
can
pay
a
visit
to
a
careers
office,
write
to
friends
or
relatives
who
may
already
be
___35___
in
a
particular
profession.
After
studying
all
the
various
___36___,
they
should
be
in
a
position
to
make
informed
comparisons
between
various
careers.
Good
personal
___37___
is
essential
in
the
search
for
a
good
career.
Job
application
forms
should
be
filled
in
carefully
and
correctly,
without
grammar
of
spelling
errors.
They
should
also
prepare
properly
by
finding
out
all
they
can
about
the
possible
employer.
When
___38___
information
is
asked
for,
job
seekers
should
describe
their
abilities
and
work
experience
in
more
depth,
as
well
as
___39___
their
own
abilities
with
the
employer’s
needs,
explain
why
they
are
interested
in
a
career
with
the
___40___
company
and
try
to
show
that
they
already
know
something
about
the
company
and
its
activities.
Interviewees
should
try
to
give
positive
answers
and
not
be
afraid
of
asking
questions
about
anything
they
are
unsure
about.
Keys:
31-35
E
B
I
K
G
36-40
D
J
A
C
F
B
A.investment
B.enough
C.unconditional
D.degree
E.loyalty
F.backG.relevant
H.doubly
I.commitment
J.promoted
K.demonstrate
Although
many
co
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)mpanies
offer
tuition
repayment,most
companies
only
repay
employees
for
classes
that
are
___31___to
their
position.This
is
a
very
limiting
policy.A
company
that
repays
employees
for
all
college
credit
courses—whether
job
related
or
not—offers
a
service
not
only
to
the
employees,but
to
the
entire
company.
One
good
reason
for
gi
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ving
employees___32___tuition
repayment
is
that
it
shows
the
company's
commitment
to
its
employees.In
today's
economy,where
job
security
is
a
thing
of
the
past
and
employees
feel
more
and
more
expendable,it
is
important
for
a
company
to_33_to
its
employees
that
it
cares.The
best
way
to
do
this
is
with
concrete___34___in
them.In
turn,this
commitment
to
the
betterment
of
company
employees
will
create
greater
employee
___35___.A
company
that
puts
out
funds
to
pay
for
the
education
of
its
employees
will
get
its
money___36___by
having
employees
stay
with
the
company
longer.It
will
reduce
employee
turnover,because
even
employees
who
don't
take
advantage
of
the
tuition
repayment
program
will
be
more
loyal
to
their
company
just
knowing
that
their
company
cares___37___to
pay
for
their
education.Most
importantly,the
company
that
has
an
unrestricted
tuition
repayment
program
will
have
higher
quality
employees.Although
these
companies
do
indeed
run
the
risk
of
losing
money
on
employees
who
go
on
to
another
job
in
a
different
company
as
soon
as
they
get
their___38___more
often
than
not,the
employee
will
stay
with
the
company.
And
even
if
employees
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)do
leave
after
graduation,it
generally
takes
several
years
to
complete
any
degree
program.Thus,even
if
the
employee
leaves
upon
graduating,throughout
those
years,the
employer
will
have
a
more
sophisticated,more
intelligent,and
therefore
more
valuable
and
productive
employee.And,if
the
employee
stays,that
education
will___39___
benefit
the
company:
Not
only
is
the
employee
more
educated,but
now
that
employee
can
be
___40___so
the
company
doesn't
have
to
fill
a
high-level
vacancy
from
the
outside.Open
positions
can
be
filled
by
people
who
already
know
the
company
well.Though
unconditional
tuition
repayment
requires
a
significant
investment
on
the
employer's
part,it
is
perhaps
one
of
the
wisest
investments
a
company
can
make.
Keys:
31-35
G
C
K
A
E
36-40
F
B
D
H
J21教育名师原创作品
C
A.
subject
B.
equal
C.
monitoring
D.
fitness
E.
proposes
F.
motivateG.
debate
H.
spread
I.
experimenting
J.
pushes
K.
results
A
new
analysi
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)s
of
the
running
habits
of
over
a
million
people
showed
that
exercise
is
contagious
—
though
this
depends
on
who's
spreading
it.21·cn·jy·com
For
the
study,
two
sc
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ientists
from
the
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology
used
____31_____
tracker
data
to
study
the
running
habits
of
around
1.1
million
people,
who
have
around
3.4
million
social
network
connections.
Over
five
years,
the
____32____
ran
a
collective
350
million
kilometers,
and
their
runs
were
posted
online
for
their
friends
to
see.
The
researcher
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)s
found
an
additional
kilometer
run
by
friends
influences
an
individual
to
run
an
additional
0.3
kilometers.
An
additional
kilometer
per
minute
run
by
friends
____33____
a
person
to
run
an
additional
0.3
kilometers
per
minute
faster
than
usual.
And
if
those
friends
run
an
extra
10
minutes,
that
person
is
likely
to
run
about
three
minutes
longer
than
they
would
have.
The
influencing
effect
is
strongest
on
the
same
day
____34____
are
posted
and
appears
to
diminish
with
time,
the
authors
wrote.
The
findings
suggeste
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)d
that
a
runner's
peers
did
influence
him
or
her
to
run
more,
but
not
all
users
exerted
____35____
influence
on
their
buddies.
Individuals
were
more
likely
to
be
encouraged
by
less
active
peers
than
by
more
active
ones.
"Social
comparisons
may
provide
an
explanation
for
these
results,"
the
study's
authors
wrote.
This
theory,
they
added,
"____36____
that
we
self-evaluate
by
comparing
ourselves
to
others."
But
do
we
make
comparisons
to
peers
performing
better
than
us,
or
to
those
performing
worse?
That'shttp://www.21cnjy.com/
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
been
a
subject
of
____37____,
the
researchers
parisons
to
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)those
ahead
of
us
may
____38_____
our
own
self-improvement,
while
comparisons
to
those
behind
us
may
create
competitive
behavior
to
protect
one's
superiority.
The
findings
show
ho
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)w
effective
____39_____
these
real-time
networks
may
be
to
help
scientists
design
different
methods
to
minimize
the
impact
of
social
ills
and
maximize
the
____40____
of
social
benefits.2-1-c-n-j-y
Keys:
31-35
D
A
J
K
B
36-40
E
G
F
C
H
D
A.
suffering
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
B.
illustrate
C.
claims
D.
maintain
E.
unpleasant
F
.responses
G.
protective
H.
reverse
I.
links
J.
presence
K.
contribute
Stress,
in
its
sim
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)plest
definition,
is
strain
caused
by
some
type
of
force.
Today,
the
word
stress
is
used
most
often
when
people
discuss
mental
health.
In
this
context,
stress
describes
the
condition
that
results
from
ongoing
and
_____31____physical,
emotional,
or
environmental
forces.
Such
forces
may
include
too
much
work,
a
tragic
event,
or
air
pollution.
The
forces
may
cause
pain,
tension,
fear,
grief,
or
anxiety.
These
discomforts
can
disturb
the
body’s
ability
to
____32____its
normal
internal
balance.
Some
level
of
discomfort
is,
of
course,
normal.
The
occasional
____33____of
pain
or
anxiety
is
not
by
itself
a
symptom
of
a
serious
problem.
When
such
distress
is
continuous－when
the
brain
and
the
rest
of
the
body
cannot
make
the
adjustments
that
return
his
or
her
normal
condition
of
balance－then
we
say
that
the
person
is
____34____from
stress.www.21-cn-jy.com
Although
stress
i
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)tself
is
usually
not
considered
a
disease,
studies
suggest
that
it
is
linked
to
disease.
A
growing
body
of
research
data
connects
the
risk
of
heart
disease,
for
instance，with
stress
within
the
workplace,
the
family,
and
other
parts
of
society.
Character
traits－such
as
a
tendency
to
worry,
to
strive
for
perfection,
or
to
be
competitive－also
seem
to____35____
stress.
It
is
unclear,
however,
whether
stress
itself
causes
disease.
People’s
____36____
to
stress
sometimes
put
them
at
risk.
For
example,
a
person
might
respond
by
eating
too
much
or
smoking.
Research
conduc
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ted
in
California
seems
to____37____that
men
who
report
stress
from
their
jobs
are
more
likely
than
less-stressed
men
to
have
plaque
(血小板)
building
up
in
the
arteries
that
supply
blood
to
the
brain.
High
levels
of
this
plaque
increase
a
person’
chances
of
having
a
stroke(中风).The
same
study,
however,
did
not
find
____38____
between
stress
and
arterial
plaque
in
women.
Doctors
speculate(推测)
that
female
hormones
may
operate
in
some____39____way.【出处：21教育名师】
Another
study
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)seems
to
confirm
the
____40____of
people
with
the
degenerative.
neurological
(神经病学)
disease
multiple
sclerosis
(MS)
that
stress
makes
their
disease
worse.
Through
the
use
of
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI)
brain
scans,
researchers
linked
periods
of
stress
in
the
subjects’
lives
with
evidence
of
MS
disease
activity.
Researchers
also
determined
that
major
stressful
events
were
related
to
the
development
of
new
brain
lesions.
Stress
has
also
b
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)een
linked
to
hypertension,
depression,
obesity,
skin
diseases,
and
some
other
types
of
cancer.
Keys:
31-35
E
D
J
A
K
36-40
F
B
I
G
H
E
A.
convince
B.
rigo
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)rous
C.
discourage
D.
reasonable
E.
spotlightF.
simply
G.
exposure
H.
reliable
I.
generally
Every
two
years,
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)cities
around
the
world
make
bids
to
the
International
Olympic
Commission(IOC)to
host
the
Olympic
Games．Originally,
a
host
city
was
selected____31____
based
on
its
strength
of
being
a
popular
place
for
certain
sports.
Today,
a
city
was
selected
through
a
much
more____32____
process．
First,
the
ci
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ty
must
prove
that
it
is
big
enough
to
handle
the
Olympics.
With
the
games
come
a
huge
number
of
tourists,
athletes
and
journalists.
The
city
must
show
that
it
can
host
the
games
in
new
stadiums,
accommodate
all
the
people
in
hotels
and
transport
everyone
from
place
to
another
with
a____33____
mass
transit
system.
Second,
the
city
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)needs
to
____34____
residents
that
the
expenses
of
hosting
the
Olympics
are
worthwhile.
Finally,
the
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
city
needs
to
maintain
a
highly
positive
media
____35____
to
carry
the
games．
If
the
IOC
d
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ecides
that
a
city
has
fulfilled
the
three
points
above,
the
city
is
considered
a
“Candidate
City”
and
goes
into
the
second
phase
of
the
process.
After
submitting(提交)an
application
and
an
application
fee,
the
IOC
makes
a
final
judging
on
which
city
is
the
best
candidate
for
the
coming
Summer
or
Winter
Olympic
Games．
The
application
fee
i
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)s
incredibly
high.
This
is
meant
to
____36____
cities
that
are
not
committed
to
the
efforts
necessary
for
hosting
the
Olympics.
But
once
selected,
the
host
city
____37____
needs
to
spend
even
more
on
construction
projects
,
including
an
“Olympic
Village”,
new
sports
stadiums,
and
transportation
systems．
But
if
the
Olympi
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)cs
are
so
expensive,
why
do
cities
want
to
host
the
games?
There
are
a
variety
of
reasons－the
eagerness
to
be
in
the
international
____38____
for
two
weeks,
the
opportunity
to
bring
new
jobs
into
the
community,
to
name
but
a
few.
Keys:
31-38
F
B
H
A
G
C
I
E
词汇填空专题+语言综合运用
A.
restore
B.
recall
C.
processing
D.
previously
E.
necessary
F.
locating
G.
instead
H.
fascinating
I.
elsewhere
J.
composition
21世纪教育网
www.21cnjy.com
精品试卷·第
2
页
（共
2
页）
HYPERLINK
"http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
"
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?/??)
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?/??)
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?/??)
选词填空考察目标
选词填空综合了词汇、句子结构以及阅读理解
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)部分的测试内容。它不仅测试应试者在词汇和句子水平上运用语言的能力，还测试应试者在语篇上综合运用语言结构的能力。
选词填空词汇特征
只考实词：动词、名词、形容词、副词为主
聚焦核心词汇：考纲中的中高级高频词汇考察较多
熟词生义/一词多义/一词多性
构词法（派生/转化/合成/缀合）
选词填空解题技巧
动词的确定：动词最容易确定，因为一个句子没有动词就等于没有谓语，是很明显的缺陷。而且动词的关联性、可比性最差，选这个和选那个有天壤之别。
.
In
particular,
whe
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)n
older
patients
___
of
pain,
they
were
told
it
was
a
natural
part
of
aging
and
they
would
have
to
learn
to
live
with
it.
(complain)21·世纪
教育网
.The
rainfall
is
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)increased
across
South
America，
___
floods
to
Peru.
(bring)
.That’s
why
a
growing
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
number
of
hospitals
now
depend
upon
physicians
who
___
in
pain
medicine.(specialize)www.21-cn-jy.com
a）前后都是名词短语，中间一般为动词（时态看前后文）;
b)
一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词;
c）一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语
注：进行时、被动语态、祈使句，如
schools
are
concentrating
on
some
subjects
名词的确定：名词主要做主语、宾语
1).The
hot,
humid
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
air
over
the
ocean
causes
severe
____
a
thunderstorms.（可能是形容词，也可能是名词修饰thunderstorms）www-2-1-cnjy-com
2).
Education
soon
became
a
____________
.(nightmare)21
cnjy
com
3).
As
the
trade
winds
lessen
in
_______
…(strength)
a.
形容词或名词都可以修饰名词;
b.
限定词（the,
this,
that,
a,
my之类）后必有名词;
c.
谓语动词前必有名词或名词性质的主语
d.
介词后面必有名词或相当与名词的词.
e.
定语从句前面是名词
注：名词作定语，如
education
system
3形容词的确定：
1)．名词的前面
…
women
are
customers.
2．副词的后面
…
El
Nino
brought
the
most
weather
in
modern
history.
3．名词的后面,形容词短语作定语
a
man
ready
to
go
注：并列形容词和形容词短语作后置定语，如：a
boy
anxious
about
his
exam
results
4.副词的确定：
1)．动词的附近（指前面或后面）…students
outperform
their
peers
…
…jobs
that
used
to
be
done
by
women…
2)．形容词和分词的前面
…but
they
are
still
not
sure
what
leads
to
it…
3)．句子的前面
Not
,
the
jury
found
them
both
guilty.
2·1·c·n·j·y
5.非谓语的确定（do,
doing,
done）：
1)．动名词作主语、动词宾语和介词宾语、表语、定语。
Recognize
your
feeling
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)s,
but
don’t
focus
on
them
all
the
time,
because
acknowledging
and
challenging
your
pain
is
difficult,
but
recognizing
it
is
the
first
step
toward
dealing
with
it.
2)．分词作表语、宾补、定语、状语。
…But
sometimes,
that
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)monitoring
system
can
backfire,
distracting
us
from
the
task
at
hand
and
causing
us
to
make
another
error.
3)．有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。
They
tried?to?protect
the
wagon
trains
from
Indian
attacks.?
....
even
if
this
is
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)restricted?to
knowing
how
proper
names
and
place
names
are
pronounced.
注：不带to的不定式、
动名词、现在分词和过去分词，单个过去分词作后置定语
如，the
food
left
6.
固定搭配：在选词填空中，
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)约定俗成的固定搭配不是很多，但对固定搭配的理解很常见，比如：acquire
knowledge;
heavy
traffic是表示交通拥堵。此外，非常重要的一点是注意小品词，即我们通常所说的to,
in
,
on
,
at
,from等等,某种程度上能给我们选择的提示。如：my
______
for
her
moved
her.
(attitude
;
love)
1).He
believe
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)s
design
must
take
into
49
the
sensory
side
of
our
nature—sight,
smell,
touch
and
taste.
（account）（2016高考）
2).
Since
you
r
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)eally__42__
yourself
to
a
healthier
lifestyle,
a
little
help
would
come
in
handy,
wouldn't
it?
(commit)
(2014高考)
3).The
British
and
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)Swedish
governments
have
introduced
a
so-called
"traffic
light
system"
to
__46__foods
as
healthy
or
unhealthy.
(classify)
（2014高考）
7.
逻辑结构:
理清复杂句式或上下文
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)的逻辑结构，进行解题。对复杂句的结构分析能帮助我们对句子的成分更加清晰，能清楚地确定空格处所需填入词汇的词性，甚至可能的意思。上下文逻辑关系也对选项产生影响。大家需要关注形式上的逻辑关系和意义上逻辑关系。所谓形式上的逻辑关系就是我们通常讲的因果，让步，递进等；而意义上的逻辑关系就是以语篇表达的意思为线索，前后文中，意义上存在那些关系。比如说，描述一个人的心情的变化，心情好时，应该使用的是积极词汇，而心情不好时则使用消极词汇。当然，形式和意思之间存在紧密联系，不能割裂开来。
the
income
…gives
t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)hem
new
independence
and
buying
power.
For
example,
women
now
_____
about
half
of
all
cars.
正向并列：buying
同义词暗示
purchase.
选词填空解题步骤
第一步：通读全文
read
through
选词填空要先了解文章大意
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)，带着文章脉络去找选项。所以，务必先沉着地把文章读一遍，尤其注意gap
前后的位置，为寻找正确选项打下铺垫。选词填空短文的第一句对全文的内容有概括提示作用，所以一定要认真看懂第一句，而且反复出现的词也是帮助考生掌握文章大致内容的重要线索。
【来源：21cnj
y.co
m】
第二步：整理选项
classify
the
options
整理选项。大概花费1分钟，即辨别每
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)个单词词性。分别标出备选项的词性，比如在名词旁标注n.，在动词旁写上v.，形容词旁标注adj.，副词旁写上adv.等。【版权所有：21教育】
第三步：选词填空
fill
in
the
gaps
我们在选择时，根据所掌握的英语语法规则来初步确定每个空应填词汇的词性，缩小选择范围。然后，根据上下文的内在逻辑含义选择合适的选项填空。
第四步：复读全文，谨慎调整
填空完成后，再次复读全文，自我感觉上下文是否通顺、内在逻辑关系是否连贯。如有问题，也需要谨慎的微作调整。
选词填空中学生问题
1.不理解长难句
All
rain
forests
shar
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)e
certain
___41___
features,
including
a
closed
canopy,
the
dense
vegetation
of
the
top
branches
that
forms
a
roof
above
the
forest
floor,
a
damp
and
warm
climate,
and
___42___
constant
temperatures
throughout
the
year.21教育网
A.
countless
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)B.
exhausted
C.
comparison
D.
essential
E.
estimates
F.
distinctiveG.
relatively
H.
cleared
I.
unfortunately
J.
recycled
K.
restricts
（2016长宁二模）
2、不认识派生词
Considering
ho
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)w
much
time
people
spend
in
effects,
it
is
important
that
with
A
be
well
designed.
Well-designed
office
spaces
help
create
a
corporation’s
image.
They
motivate
workers
and
they
make
an
impression
on
people
who
visit
and
might
be
potential,
or
41
,
customers.
They
make
business
work
better,
and
they
are
a
part
of
the
corporate
culture
to
live
in.
（2016高考）21世纪教育网版权所有
A.
access
B.alternatives
C.designed
D.
confirmed
E.
conflictingF.
elements
G.
function
H.innovative
I.prospective
J.
separate
K.
supporting
Next,
access
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)the
scene,
asking
other
people
or
the
injured
person’s
family
or
friends
about
details
of
the
injury
or
illness,
any
care
that
may
have
already
been
given,
and
___37___
conditions
such
as
heart
trouble.
Unless
the
accident
scene
becomes
unsafe
or
the
victim
may
suffer
further
injury,
do
not
move
the
victim.
2-1-c-n-j-y
（2017黄埔一模）
A.
administered
B.
as
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)sess
C.
evaluating
D.
externally
E.
improperly
F.
life-threateningG.
measures
H.
original
I.
preexisting
J.
principles
K.
vital
3、熟词生义未掌握
You
need
to
co
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)mmunicate
in
a
way
that
38
their
company
standards;
this
will
show
that
you
can
fit
in
that
organization.（2017春考模拟卷）
A.
competitor
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)s
B.
philosophy
C.
properly
D.
maximize
E.
enthusiastic
F.
candidateG.
mirrors
H.
background
I.
extremely
J.
conducted
K.
cultural
4、词汇量不足
Before
scienc
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)e
became
professionalized
in
the
19th
century,
__(31)__
naturalists
were
collecting
information
and
helping
us
understand
the
natural
world.
A
2009
study
found
that
nearly
50%
of
UK
__(32)__
feed
wild
birds.
The
National
Trust
has
more
than
5
million
members,
and
60,000
active
volunteers
helping
to
protect
the
countryside
as
well
as
historic
__(33)__.
Now,
with
our
environment
arguably
under
greater
threat
than
ever
and
species
declining
at
a(n)
__(34)__
rate,
volunteers
are
once
again
at
the
forefront
of
efforts
to
limit
the
damage.
（2018徐汇二模）
A.
alarming
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
B.
properties
C.
revealed
D.
invasive
E.
rescue
F.
instrumental
G.
households
H.
document
I.
concerned
J.
amateur
K.
initiatives
选词填空学习建议
1
掌握词汇的词性多样性特征；
2
了解词缀知识，扩充词汇量；
关注词汇之间的常用搭配；
分析语篇内的逻辑关系；
提高自己分析复合句的语法技能；
6
多阅读，注意积累总结；
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?/??)
A
A.?minerals????
B.?agriculture??
C.?profitable??
D.?available???
E.?shortages??
F.?celebrations?G.?immigrants??
H.?increased??
?I.?population??
J.?fashionable??
K.?opened?
Chinese
traders
wer
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)e
recorded
as
making
voyages
to
the
north
coast
of
Australia
from
the
1750s,
but
were
probably
visiting
Australia
long
before.
Chinese
men
arrived
in
Australia
in
small
numbers
after
the
1788
British
settlement
as
free
settlers
and
criminals.
A
small
population
grew
rapidly
after
1848
under
a
system
of
indentured（契约的）labour,
after
China
had
__41__
its
ports
to
foreign
trade
in
1842.
They
worked
in
rural
New
South
Wales
as
cooks,
farm
labourers
and
etc.
Indentured
Chines
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)e
__42__
worked
in
all
colonies
variously
as
station
hands,
plantation
workers,
miners,
on
public
works,
cabinet
makers,
personal
servants
and
in
laundries.
Most
came
from
the
south-eastern
provinces
of
Guangdong
and
Fujian.21教育名师原创作品
Due
to
labour
__4
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)3__
in
West
Australia,
the
Colonial
Government
organized
Chinese
contract
labour
between
1847
and
1898,
most
working
as
labourers,
cooks
and
gardeners.
Many
Chinese
people
came
from
rural
backgrounds
and
brought
with
them
__44__
and
water
management
skills.
By
1885,
there
were
54
Chinese
market
gardens
in
Sydney.
By
1901,
67%
of
New
South
Wales
market
gardeners
were
Chinese.
Gold
rushes
in
Vi
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ctoria
in
the
1850s
and
New
South
Wales
in
the
1860s
significantly
__45__
the
population
of
Chinese
immigrants
in
Australia;
about
45,000
prospectors
arrived
in
Victoria
alone
in
1854-58.
Numbers
continued
to
increase
as
gold
and
other
__46__
were
discovered
in
Queensland,
Northern
Territory
and
Tasmania.
When
mining
beca
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)me
less
__47__,
many
Chinese
people
worked
successfully
to
provide
goods
and
services
such
as
furniture
making,
market
gardening,
fishing
and,
particularly,
store-keeping
including
the
import
and
export
of
goods
from
overseas.
Chinese
goods,
especially
tea,
silk,
vegetables,
herbs
and
other
spices
were
highly
sought
after
items
of
trade
by
non-Chinese
people.
Tea
rooms,
importing
and
selling
many
varieties
of
tea,
were
very
popular.
Chinese
silk
was
turned
into
__48__
evening
wear
and
cloaks
by
Chinese
tailors
and
seamstresses.?
Today
there
is
a
cultu
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)rally
diverse
Chinese
__49__
in
Australia
with
links
to
south-eastern
China
as
well
as
Vietnam
and
Hong
Kong.
The
Chinese
communities
in
Australia
are
brought
together
every
year
by
__50__
of
Lunar
New
Year.?
B
As
infants,
we
can
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
recognize
our
mothers
within
hours
of
birth.
In
fact,
we
can
recognize
the
41
of
our
mother’s
face
well
before
we
can
recognize
her
body
shape.
It’s
42
how
the
brain
can
carry
out
such
a
function
at
such
a
young
age,
especially
since
we
don’t
learn
to
walk
and
talk
until
we
are
over
a
year
old.
By
the
time
we
are
adults,
we
have
the
ability
to
distinguish
around
100,000
faces.
How
can
we
remember
so
many
faces
when
many
of
us
find
it
difficult
to
43
such
a
simple
thing
as
a
phone
number?
The
exact
process
is
not
yet
fully
understood,
but
research
around
the
world
has
begun
to
define
the
specific
areas
of
the
brain
and
processes
44
for
facial
recognition.
Researchers
a
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)t
the
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology
believe
that
they
have
succeeded
in
45
a
specific
area
of
the
brain
called
the
fusiform
face
area
(FFA),
which
is
used
only
for
facial
recognition.
This
means
that
recognition
of
familiar
objects
such
as
our
clothes
or
cars,
is
from
46
in
the
brain.
Researchers
also
have
found
that
the
brain
needs
to
see
the
whole
face
for
recognition
to
take
place.
It
had
been
47
thought
that
we
only
needed
to
see
certain
facial
features.
Meanwhile,
research
at
University
College
London
has
found
that
facial
recognition
is
not
a
single
process,
but
48
involves
three
steps.
The
first
step
appears
to
be
an
analysis
of
the
physical
features
of
a
person’s
face,
which
is
similar
to
how
we
scan
the
bar
codes
of
our
groceries.
In
the
next
step,
the
brain
decides
whether
the
face
we
are
looking
at
is
already
known
or
unknown
to
us.
And
finally,
the
brain
furnishes
the
information
we
have
collected
about
the
person
whose
face
we
are
looking
at.
This
complex
49
is
done
in
a
split
second
so
that
we
can
behave
quickly
when
reacting
to
certain
situations.
C
A.
account
B.
adju
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)stable
C.
appliances
D.
capture
E.
decorations
F.
direct
G.
experiment
H.
intended
I.
operated
J.
soulless
K.
squeeze
Golden
Rules
of
Good
Design
What
makes
good
design?
Over
the
years,
designers
and
artists
have
been
trying
to
41
the
essentials
of
good
design.
They
have
found
that
some
sayings
can
help
people
understand
the
ideas
of
good
design.
There
are
four
as
follows.
Less
is
more
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?).
This
saying
is
associated
with
the
German-born
architect
Mies
van
der
Rohe.
In
his
Modernist
view,
beauty
lies
in
simplicity
and
elegance,
and
the
aim
of
the
designer
is
to
create
solutions
to
problems
through
the
most
efficient
means.
Design
should
avoid
unnecessary
42
More
is
no
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)t
a
bore.
The
American-born
architect
Robert
Venturi
concluded
that
if
simplicity
is
done
badly,
the
result
is
43
design.
Post-Modernist
designers
began
to
44
with
decoration
and
color
again.
Product
design
was
heavily
influenced
by
this
view
and
can
be
seen
in
kitchen
45
such
as
ovens
and
kettles.
Fitness
f
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)or
purpose.
Successful
product
design
takes
into
consideration
a
product’s
function,
purpose,
shape,
form,
color,
and
so
on.
The
most
important
result
for
the
user
is
that
the
product
does
what
is
46
.
For
example,
think
of
a(n)
47
desk
lamp.
It
needs
to
be
constructed
from
materials
that
will
stand
the
heat
of
the
lamp
and
regular
adjustments
by
the
user.
It
also
needs
to
be
stable.
Most
importantly,
it
needs
to
48
light
where
it
is
needed.
From
follows
emotion.
This
phrase
is
associated
with
the
German
designer
Hartmut
Esslinger.
He
believes
design
must
take
into
49
the
sensory
side
of
our
nature—sight,
smell,
touch
and
taste.
These
are
as
important
as
rational(理性的).
When
choosing
everyday
products
such
as
toothpaste,
we
appreciate
a
cool-looking
device
that
allows
us
to
easily
50
the
toothpaste
onto
our
brush.
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?/??)
A
A.
additional
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
B.
academic
C.
balance
D.
options
E.
highlightF.
particular
G.
involved
H.
related
I.
thought
J.
presentation
K.
position
Job
seekers
shou
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ld
know
the
rules
of
labor
market
before
they
try
to
find
a
proper
job.
Most
career
organizations
___31___
three
stages
for
graduates
to
follow
the
process
of
securing
a
suitable
career:
recognizing
abilities,
matching
these
to
available
jobs
and
presenting
them
well
to
possible
employers.
21
cnjy
com
Job
seekers
have
to
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
make
a
careful
assessment
of
their
abilities.
One
area
of
assessment
should
be
of
their
___32___
qualifications,
which
include
special
skills
within
their
subject
area.
Graduates
should
also
consider
their
own
values
and
attitudes.
An
honest
assessment
of
personal
interests
and
abilities
such
as
creative
skills,
or
skills
acquired
from
work
experience,
should
also
be
given
careful
___33___.
The
second
stage
is
to
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
study
the
opportunities
which
are
available
for
employment.
To
do
this,
graduates
can
study
job
and
___34___
information
in
newspapers,
or
they
can
pay
a
visit
to
a
careers
office,
write
to
friends
or
relatives
who
may
already
be
___35___
in
a
particular
profession.
After
studying
all
the
various
___36___,
they
should
be
in
a
position
to
make
informed
comparisons
between
various
careers.
Good
personal
__
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)_37___
is
essential
in
the
search
for
a
good
career.
Job
application
forms
should
be
filled
in
carefully
and
correctly,
without
grammar
of
spelling
errors.
They
should
also
prepare
properly
by
finding
out
all
they
can
about
the
possible
employer.
When
___38___
information
is
asked
for,
job
seekers
should
describe
their
abilities
and
work
experience
in
more
depth,
as
well
as
___39___
their
own
abilities
with
the
employer’s
needs,
explain
why
they
are
interested
in
a
career
with
the
___40___
company
and
try
to
show
that
they
already
know
something
about
the
company
and
its
activities.
Interviewees
should
try
to
give
positive
answers
and
not
be
afraid
of
asking
questions
about
anything
they
are
unsure
about.
B
A.investment
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
B.enough
C.unconditional
D.degree
E.loyalty
F.backG.relevant
H.doubly
I.commitment
J.promoted
K.demonstrate
Although
many
companie
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)s
offer
tuition
repayment,most
companies
only
repay
employees
for
classes
that
are
___31___to
their
position.This
is
a
very
limiting
policy.A
company
that
repays
employees
for
all
college
credit
courses—whether
job
related
or
not—offers
a
service
not
only
to
the
employees,but
to
the
entire
company.
One
good
reaso
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)n
for
giving
employees___32___tuition
repayment
is
that
it
shows
the
company's
commitment
to
its
employees.In
today's
economy,where
job
security
is
a
thing
of
the
past
and
employees
feel
more
and
more
expendable,it
is
important
for
a
company
to_33_to
its
employees
that
it
cares.The
best
way
to
do
this
is
with
concrete___34___in
them.In
turn,this
commitment
to
the
betterment
of
company
employees
will
create
greater
employee
___35___.A
company
that
puts
out
funds
to
pay
for
the
education
of
its
employees
will
get
its
money___36___by
having
employees
stay
with
the
company
longer.It
will
reduce
employee
turnover,because
even
employees
who
don't
take
advantage
of
the
tuition
repayment
program
will
be
more
loyal
to
their
company
just
knowing
that
their
company
cares___37___to
pay
for
their
education.Most
importantly,the
company
that
has
an
unrestricted
tuition
repayment
program
will
have
higher
quality
employees.Although
these
companies
do
indeed
run
the
risk
of
losing
money
on
employees
who
go
on
to
another
job
in
a
different
company
as
soon
as
they
get
their___38___more
often
than
not,the
employee
will
stay
with
the
company.
And
even
if
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)employees
do
leave
after
graduation,it
generally
takes
several
years
to
complete
any
degree
program.Thus,even
if
the
employee
leaves
upon
graduating,throughout
those
years,the
employer
will
have
a
more
sophisticated,more
intelligent,and
therefore
more
valuable
and
productive
employee.And,if
the
employee
stays,that
education
will___39___
benefit
the
company:
Not
only
is
the
employee
more
educated,but
now
that
employee
can
be
___40___so
the
company
doesn't
have
to
fill
a
high-level
vacancy
from
the
outside.Open
positions
can
be
filled
by
people
who
already
know
the
company
well.Though
unconditional
tuition
repayment
requires
a
significant
investment
on
the
employer's
part,it
is
perhaps
one
of
the
wisest
investments
a
company
can
make.
C
A.
subject
B.
equa
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)l
C.
monitoring
D.
fitness
E.
proposes
F.
motivateG.
debate
H.
spread
I.
experimenting
J.
pushes
K.
results
A
new
analysis
of
the
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)running
habits
of
over
a
million
people
showed
that
exercise
is
contagious
—
though
this
depends
on
who's
spreading
it.
For
the
stud
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)y,
two
scientists
from
the
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology
used
____31_____
tracker
data
to
study
the
running
habits
of
around
1.1
million
people,
who
have
around
3.4
million
social
network
connections.
Over
five
years,
the
____32____
ran
a
collective
350
million
kilometers,
and
their
runs
were
posted
online
for
their
friends
to
see.
The
researcher
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)s
found
an
additional
kilometer
run
by
friends
influences
an
individual
to
run
an
additional
0.3
kilometers.
An
additional
kilometer
per
minute
run
by
friends
____33____
a
person
to
run
an
additional
0.3
kilometers
per
minute
faster
than
usual.
And
if
those
friends
run
an
extra
10
minutes,
that
person
is
likely
to
run
about
three
minutes
longer
than
they
would
have.
The
influencing
effect
is
strongest
on
the
same
day
____34____
are
posted
and
appears
to
diminish
with
time,
the
authors
wrote.
The
findings
sugges
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ted
that
a
runner's
peers
did
influence
him
or
her
to
run
more,
but
not
all
users
exerted
____35____
influence
on
their
buddies.
Individuals
were
more
likely
to
be
encouraged
by
less
active
peers
than
by
more
active
ones.
"Social
comparisons
may
provide
an
explanation
for
these
results,"
the
study's
authors
wrote.
This
theory,
they
added,
"____36____
that
we
self-evaluate
by
comparing
ourselves
to
others."
But
do
we
make
comparisons
to
peers
performing
better
than
us,
or
to
those
performing
worse?
That's
been
a
subject
of
____37____,
the
researchers
parisons
to
tho
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)se
ahead
of
us
may
____38_____
our
own
self-improvement,
while
comparisons
to
those
behind
us
may
create
competitive
behavior
to
protect
one's
superiority.
The
findings
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
show
how
effective
____39_____
these
real-time
networks
may
be
to
help
scientists
design
different
methods
to
minimize
the
impact
of
social
ills
and
maximize
the
____40____
of
social
benefits.
D
A.
suffering
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
B.
ill
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ustrate
C.
claims
D.
maintain
E.
unpleasant
F
.responses
G.
protective
H.
reverse
I.
links
J.
presence
K.
contribute
Stress,
in
its
simp
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)lest
definition,
is
strain
caused
by
some
type
of
force.
Today,
the
word
stress
is
used
most
often
when
people
discuss
mental
health.
In
this
context,
stress
describes
the
condition
that
results
from
ongoing
and
_____31____physical,
emotional,
or
environmental
forces.
Such
forces
may
include
too
much
work,
a
tragic
event,
or
air
pollution.
The
forces
may
cause
pain,
tension,
fear,
grief,
or
anxiety.
These
discomforts
can
disturb
the
body’s
ability
to
____32____its
normal
internal
balance.
Some
level
of
discomfort
is,
of
course,
normal.
The
occasional
____33____of
pain
or
anxiety
is
not
by
itself
a
symptom
of
a
serious
problem.
When
such
distress
is
continuous－when
the
brain
and
the
rest
of
the
body
cannot
make
the
adjustments
that
return
his
or
her
normal
condition
of
balance－then
we
say
that
the
person
is
____34____from
stress.【出处：21教育名师】
Although
stress
itsel
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)f
is
usually
not
considered
a
disease,
studies
suggest
that
it
is
linked
to
disease.
A
growing
body
of
research
data
connects
the
risk
of
heart
disease,
for
instance，with
stress
within
the
workplace,
the
family,
and
other
parts
of
society.
Character
traits－such
as
a
tendency
to
worry,
to
strive
for
perfection,
or
to
be
competitive－also
seem
to____35____
stress.
It
is
unclear,
however,
whether
stress
itself
causes
disease.
People’s
____36____
to
stress
sometimes
put
them
at
risk.
For
example,
a
person
might
respond
by
eating
too
much
or
smoking.
Research
conduct
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ed
in
California
seems
to____37____that
men
who
report
stress
from
their
jobs
are
more
likely
than
less-stressed
men
to
have
plaque
(血小板)
building
up
in
the
arteries
that
supply
blood
to
the
brain.
High
levels
of
this
plaque
increase
a
person’
chances
of
having
a
stroke(中风).The
same
study,
however,
did
not
find
____38____
between
stress
and
arterial
plaque
in
women.
Doctors
speculate(推测)
that
female
hormones
may
operate
in
some____39____way.21·cn·jy·com
Another
study
seems
to
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
confirm
the
____40____of
people
with
the
degenerative.
neurological
(神经病学)
disease
multiple
sclerosis
(MS)
that
stress
makes
their
disease
worse.
Through
the
use
of
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI)
brain
scans,
researchers
linked
periods
of
stress
in
the
subjects’
lives
with
evidence
of
MS
disease
activity.
Researchers
also
determined
that
major
stressful
events
were
related
to
the
development
of
new
brain
lesions.
Stress
has
a
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)lso
been
linked
to
hypertension,
depression,
obesity,
skin
diseases,
and
some
other
types
of
cancer.
E
A.
convince
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
B.
rigorous
C.
discourage
D.
reasonable
E.
spotlightF.
simply
G.
exposure
H.
reliable
I.
generally
Every
two
yea
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)rs,
cities
around
the
world
make
bids
to
the
International
Olympic
Commission(IOC)to
host
the
Olympic
Games．Originally,
a
host
city
was
selected____31____
based
on
its
strength
of
being
a
popular
place
for
certain
sports.
Today,
a
city
was
selected
through
a
much
more____32____
process．【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
First,
the
city
must
p
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)rove
that
it
is
big
enough
to
handle
the
Olympics.
With
the
games
come
a
huge
number
of
tourists,
athletes
and
journalists.
The
city
must
show
that
it
can
host
the
games
in
new
stadiums,
accommodate
all
the
people
in
hotels
and
transport
everyone
from
place
to
another
with
a____33____
mass
transit
system.
Second,
the
city
n
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)eeds
to
____34____
residents
that
the
expenses
of
hosting
the
Olympics
are
worthwhile.
Finally,
the
city
ne
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)eds
to
maintain
a
highly
positive
media
____35____
to
carry
the
games．
If
the
IOC
decides
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
that
a
city
has
fulfilled
the
three
points
above,
the
city
is
considered
a
“Candidate
City”
and
goes
into
the
second
phase
of
the
process.
After
submitting(提交)an
application
and
an
application
fee,
the
IOC
makes
a
final
judging
on
which
city
is
the
best
candidate
for
the
coming
Summer
or
Winter
Olympic
Games．
21cnjy.com
The
application
f
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ee
is
incredibly
high.
This
is
meant
to
____36____
cities
that
are
not
committed
to
the
efforts
necessary
for
hosting
the
Olympics.
But
once
selected,
the
host
city
____37____
needs
to
spend
even
more
on
construction
projects
,
including
an
“Olympic
Village”,
new
sports
stadiums,
and
transportation
systems．
But
if
the
Oly
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)mpics
are
so
expensive,
why
do
cities
want
to
host
the
games?
There
are
a
variety
of
reasons－the
eagerness
to
be
in
the
international
____38____
for
two
weeks,
the
opportunity
to
bring
new
jobs
into
the
community,
to
name
but
a
few.
词汇填空专题+语言综合运用
A.
restore
B.
recall
C.
processing
D.
previously
E.
necessary
F.
locating
G.
instead
H.
fascinating
I.
elsewhere
J.
composition
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