2021届高考二轮英语语法专训
03.
非谓语动词
重点一
非谓语动词做主语、宾语和表语★★★☆☆
1.非谓语动词中能做主语的有动名词和不定式
(1)动名词做主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作，不定式做主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。
(2)it做形式主语，代替真正做主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有：It
is/was
no
use/good＋doing
sth.;
It
is/was
useless
doing
sth.;
It's
a
waste
of
time
doing
sth.;
It's＋adj.＋for/of
sb.＋to
do
sth.等。
2．非谓语动词中能做表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。注意现在分词做表语意为“令人感到……的”，而过去分词做表语意为“本身感到……的”。
3．非谓语动词中能做宾语的有动名词和不定式
(1)只能跟动名词做宾语的动词和短语：suggest、
imagine、
mind、
admit、
practise、
risk、
keep、
keep
on、
avoid、
escape、
enjoy、
consider、
finish、
miss、
insist
on、
look
forward
to、
feel
like、
get
down
to、
object
to等。
(2)只能跟不定式做宾语的动词和短语：wish、
hope、
decide、
refuse、
promise、
pretend、
manage、
want、
plan、
fail、
choose、
would
like等。
(3)既可跟动名词又可跟不定式做宾语的动词和短语：remember、
forget、
regret、
stop、
go
on、
try等。
·Remember
to
turn
off
the
lights
before
you
go
to
bed.
睡觉前记得关灯。
·I
remember
reading
about
the
earthquake
in
the
newspaper.
我记得在报纸上读过关于该地震的文章。
(单句填空)
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A
90?year?old
has
been
awarded
“Woman
Of
The
Year”
for
________
(be)
Britain's
oldest
full?time
employee—still
working
40
hours
a
week.
答案与解析 being 分析句子成分可知，设空处做介词for的宾语，应用动名词，且其逻辑主语A
90?year?old与be之间为主动关系，此处陈述一般事实，应用主动形式，故填being。
2．(2019·浙江高考)But
some
students
didn't
want
______
(wear)
the
uniform.
答案与解析 to
wear want
to
do
sth.为固定搭配，意为“想要做某事”，故填to
wear。
3．(2019·天津高考)
________
(learn)
to
think
critically
is
an
important
skill
today's
children
will
need
for
the
future.
答案与解析 Learning 句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。分析句子结构可知，该句谓语动词为is,
an
important
skill
为表语，故“________
(learn)to
think
critically”是该句的主语部分，应用动名词做主语，故填Learning。
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I
became
________
(interest)
in
playing
football
thanks
to
a
small
accident.
答案与解析 interested interesting
“使人感兴趣的”，常修饰物；interested
“感兴趣的”，常修饰人。主语是I，故填interested。
重点二
非谓语动词做定语★★★★☆
定语形式
功能
现在分词一般式doing
表示动作是主动进行的行为或者正在进行当中
现在分词一般式的被动结构being
done
表示动作是被动行为且正在进行当中
过去分词done
表示动作是被动完成的行为或者单纯表示已经完成
动词不定式to
do
表示将要发生的动作
动词不定式一般式的被动结构to
be
done
表示将要被做的动作
·Tsinghua
University,
founded
in
1911,
is
home
to
a
被动的完成的动作
great
number
of
outstanding
figures.
清华大学建立于1911年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。
·We
are
invited
to
a
party
to
be
held
in
our
club
next
Friday.
被动的将来的动作
我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。
·The
lecture,
starting
at
7:
00
pm
last
night,
was
主动的动作
followed
by
an
observation
of
the
moon
with
telescopes.
讲座于昨晚七点开始，随后是用望远镜观察月球。
(单句填空)
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When
we
got
a
call
________
(say)
she
was
short?listed,
we
thought
it
was
a
joke.
答案与解析 saying When
we
got
a
call
...
为时间状语从句，从句中的谓语got与设空处之间无连词连接，故设空处应用非谓语形式，且call与say之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词做定语，故填saying。
6．(2019·北京高考)Earth
Day,
________
(mark)
on
22
April,
is
an
annual
event
aiming
to
raise
public
awareness
about
environmental
protection.
答案与解析 marked 句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，本句谓语是is,
设空处做名词短语Earth
Day的后置定语，mark与Earth
Day
是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词做后置定语，填marked。mark在本句中是熟词生义，意为“庆祝；纪念”。
7．(2018·浙江高考)Larger
amounts
of
caffeine
can
cause
a
problem
________
(call)
caffeinism.
答案与解析 called 句意：更大剂量的咖啡会导致一种症状，叫“咖啡因中毒”。设空处在名词problem后作定语，且call与problem之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，
应用过去分词作后置定语，填called。
重点三
非谓语动词做状语★★★★★
1.不定式做状语
不定式主要可以做目的状语、结果状语、原因状语等。
(1)在too
...
to
do、
enough
to
do、
so/such
...
as
to
do结构中做状语表目的。
·He
is
such
a
good
teacher
as
to
be
respected
by
all
his
students.
他是个如此好的老师，以至于受到他所有学生的尊敬。
(2)在only/just
to
do结构中，表示出乎意料的结果。
·He
rushed
to
the
station,
only
to
find
that
the
train
had
left.
他匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。
(3)在be
happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised
to
do
sth.结构中做状语表原因。
·He
was
surprised
to
be
informed
of
the
news.
被告知这一消息，他感到吃惊。
2．分词做状语
(1)v.－ing形式：现在分词做状语，用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等。现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且含有进行之意。
(2)v.－ed形式：①过去分词做状语，用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等。过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且含有完成之意。
②源于系表结构的部分过去分词做状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系，其前不用being，常见的有：seated
(坐着的)、hidden
(躲着)、devoted
(专注的)、lost/absorbed
in
(沉溺于)、born
in
(出身于)、dressed
in
(穿着)、tired
of
(厌烦了)等。
·Following
the
teacher,
some
students
entered
the
classroom.(动词follow与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词所表示的动作基本同时发生)
·The
teacher
entered
the
classroom,
followed
by
some
students.(动词follow与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，与句中谓语动词所表示的动作基本同时发生)
(3)having
done/having
been
done强调分词的动作发生在句子的谓语动词表示的动作之前。
·Not
having
finished
my
homework,
I
had
to
stay
at
home.(动词finish与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且先于谓语动词表示的动作发生)
(4)有些分词或不定式短语做状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：
generally
speaking
一般来说
frankly
speaking
坦白地说
judging
from/by
根据……来判断
to
tell
(you)
the
truth
说实话
to
begin/start
with
起初；开始
to
be
honest
诚实地说
to
make
things/matters
worse让事情变得更糟糕的是
(单句填空)
8．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern
methods
of
tracking
polar
bear
populations
have
been
employed
only
since
the
mid?1980s,
and
are
expensive
____________
(perform)
consistently
over
a
large
area.
答案与解析 to
perform 句意：跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法只是从20世纪80年代中期以来才开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。该处是“主语＋be＋adj.＋to
do”句式，其中不定式做结果状语，与methods是逻辑上的动宾关系。故此处填to
perform。
9．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The
government
encourages
farmers
to
grow
corn
instead
of
rice
________
(improve)
water
quality.
答案与解析 to
improve 句意：为改善水质，政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻。此处“改善水质”是“种植玉米”的目的，故用不定式做目的状语，填to
improve。
10．(2018·北京高考)Ordinary
soap,
________
(use)
correctly,
can
deal
with
bacteria
effectively.
答案与解析 used 句意：普通的肥皂，只要使用恰当，就可以有效除菌。use与soap是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词做状语表。
重点四
非谓语动词做补语
1.有些动词和动词短语后接不定式做宾语补足语，形式为“动词(短语)＋宾语＋宾补(不定式)”。如：advise、
allow、
ask、
beg、
cause、
encourage、
expect、
forbid、
force、
invite、
persuade、
teach、
remind、
warn、
wish、
call
on、
depend
on等。
·The
doctor
warned
him
not
to
eat
too
much
meat.
医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。
2．“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see、
watch、
observe、
notice、
look
at、
hear、
listen
to、
feel等)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原)，doing表主动或正在进行，done表被动或完成。
3．make/have/get/keep/leave＋宾语＋补语
宾补宾补动词＋宾语
to
do
－ing
done
make＋宾语
do
×
√
keep＋宾语
×
√
√
have＋宾语
do/to
do(区别：have
sb.
do
sth.意为“让某人做某事”；have
sth.
to
do意为“有某事要做”，to
do做后置定语)
√(表示主体使客体处于某种状态或一直做某事)
√(表示让别人做某事或让某事被做)
get＋宾语
√
√
√
leave＋宾语
√
√
√
·Claire
had
her
luggage
checked
an
hour
before
her
plane
left.
在飞机起飞前一个小时，克莱尔把行李进行了安检。
4．“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构
(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词。现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。
·He
lay
on
the
grass
with
his
eyes
looking
at
the
sky.
他躺在草地上，眼望着天空。
(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词。过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成。
·With
his
hair
cut,
he
looked
much
younger.
理了发，他看起来年轻多了。
(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式。不定式表示动作尚未发生。切记：不定式在任何情况下都用主动形式，表示被动意义。
·With
a
lot
of
homework
to
do,
I
can't
go
skating
with
you.
因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。
(单句填空)
11．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Once
his
message
was
delivered,
he
allowed
me
________
(stay)
and
watch.
答案与解析 to
stay 句意：一旦传达了他的信息，他就允许我待在那里观察。allow
sb./sth.
to
do
“允许某人/某物做”；宾语me与stay是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用to
stay做宾补。
12．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They
are
required
________
(process)
the
food
that
we
eat,
to
recover
from
injury
and
for
several
other
bodily
functions.
答案与解析 to
process 句意：需要它们(脂肪和盐)来处理我们吃的食物，以此从伤病中恢复并有益于其他几项身体功能。be_required_to_do_sth._“被要求做某事”，不定式在句中做补语。
13．I
saw
some
elderly
people
________
(practice)
Tai
Chi
slowly.
I
stopped
and
watched
their
movements
closely.
答案与解析 practicing 根据后一句中的“我停下来仔细观看他们的动作”可知，此处表“我看见一些老人正在缓慢地练太极”。该句含有“see＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾语some
elderly
people与practice是逻辑上的主谓关系，且根据语境表正在发生的动作，故用现在分词做宾补。
牢记：“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，宾补可以是doing，表主动的和正在进行的动作；可以是do，表主动的动作的全过程；_还可以是done，表被动和完成。
【
技巧】
▲核心技法回顾
对于语法填空中非谓语动词的解答，首先通过分析句子结构判断设空处是否应填非谓语动词，然后根据非谓语动词的用法确定具体。
1．如果做主语或表语，应用动词－ing或不定式形式，如果设空处有“for＋名词或代词”，设空处用不定式。
2．如果做定语，要判断该非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的逻辑关系，再根据不定式、动词－ing、过去分词做定语的用法确定设空处所需形式。
3．如果做宾语，要注意设空处前面的词，如果是介词(注意有时可能省略介词)，设空处一定是动词－ing；如果是及物动词，要根据非谓语动词做宾语的用法判断其形式。
4．如果做目的状语或表意外的结果状语或在形容词后做状语，用动词不定式。如果做伴随、时间、条件、非意外的结果等状语，要根据其与逻辑主语之间的关系，确定用现在分词或过去。
5．如果做宾补，首先需要弄清设空处与宾语的逻辑关系，如果是主动关系，答案可能是to
do、
doing或不带to的不定式；如果是被动关系，答案可能是being
done、
to
be
done或done。
6．牢记一些不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的变化形式，不要因大小写弄错丢分，以不发音的字母e结尾的动词变?ing形式时，一定要去掉结尾的字母e，再加ing。
7．注意固定结构和用法，分清介词to
和不定式符号to。
▲语法填空解题技法练习
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists
have
responded
by
________
(note)
that
hungry
bears
may
be
congregating
(聚集)
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
the
illusion
(错觉)
that
populations
are
higher
than
they
actually
are.
答案与解析 noting 句意：科学家们已做出回应，指出饥饿的熊可能聚集在人类居住地附近，导致熊的数量比实际数量要多的错觉。设空处做介词by的宾语，应用动名词作宾语，故填noting。by
doing
sth.“通过做某事”。note在本句中意为“特别提到；指出”。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On
the
last
day
of
our
week?long
stay,
we
were
invited
to
attend
a
private
concert
on
a
beautiful
farm
on
the
North
Shore
under
the
stars,
________
(listen)
to
musicians
and
meeting
interesting
locals.
答案与解析 listening 分析句子结构可知，设空处前为完整的句子，故设空处应填非谓语动词。we与listen
之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，
表主动和伴随，应用现在分词做状语。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting
interesting
locals为现在分词形式，故空处填listening。
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Picking
up
her
“Lifetime
Achievement”
award,
proud
Irene
declared
she
had
no
plans
________
(retire)
from
her
36?year?old
business.
答案与解析 to
retire 分析句子结构可知，从句中已有谓语动词had，设空处与had之间无连词连接，应用非谓语动词形式。设空处做名词plans的后置定语，应用动词不定式，故填to
retire。
解题技巧 动词不定式做后置定语
一些抽象名词如plan,
ability,
chance,
right,
desire,
hope,
wish,
fact,
excuse,
way等，常用动词不定式做后置定语；另外，当中心词为序数词、最高级、the
last,
the
only等或中心词被这类词所修饰时，多用不定式做后置定语。
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)If
I
succeed
in
________
(manage)
one,
I
will
open
more.
答案与解析 managing 固定短语succeed
in
doing
sth.意为“成功做了某事”，in为介词，其后的动词应用动名词形式，故填managing。
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You
don't
have
to
run
fast
or
for
long
________
(see)
the
benefit.
答案与解析 to
see 句意：你不必为了弄清跑步的好处而跑得很快或很久。由句意可知此处在句中做目的状语，You与see是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用不定式的主动形式to
see。
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Some
of
us
were
confident
and
eager
________
(take)
part
in
the
class
activity;
others
were
nervous
and
anxious.
答案与解析 to
take 根据be
eager
to
do
sth.
“渴望做某事”的用法可知，此处应用不定式做状语，故填to
take。
7．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyone
was
silent,
________
(wait)
to
see
who
would
be
called
upon
to
read
his
or
her
paragraph
aloud.
答案与解析 waiting 分析句子结构可知，本句主干是Everyone
was
silent，主系表结构完整，故wait应用非谓语动词形式。Everyone与wait是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词做状语，表伴随。
8．To
the
Chinese
people,
bamboo
is
the
symbol
of
virtue,
________
(reflect)
people's
soul
and
emotion.
答案与解析 reflecting virtue与reflect是逻辑上的主谓关系，
应用现在分词做后置定语，
填reflecting。
9．(2020·荆州高三调研)The
results
showed
that
the
older
group
were
significantly
more
likely
than
the
younger
________
(accept)
the
truth
as
a
lie
they
had
been
told
less
than
an
hour
earlier.
答案与解析 to
accept 该处是固定结构be
likely
to
do
sth.“有可能做某事”。
10．(2020·长沙高三检测)As
for
the
questions,
________
(choose)
at
random
before,
the
researchers
told
the
participants
to
think
carefully.
答案与解析 chosen choose与the
questions是逻辑上的动宾关系，且根据句中的before可知，此处非谓语动词表被动且完成的动作，应用过去分词做后置定语，填chosen。choose_(选择)—chose—chosen。
11．The
boys
played
with
it
until
it
broke,
and
then
made
their
own
________
(replace)
it.
答案与解析 to
replace 句意：男孩们一直玩到它坏了，然后自己做了一个来代替它。根据句意可知该处是动词不定式做目的状语，故填to
replace。
12．The
sign
on
the
wall
of
the
library
says,
“No
magazine
is
allowed
________
(take)
out
of
the
reading
room.”
答案与解析 to
be
taken be
allowed
to
do“被允许做”。take
out
与magazine是动宾关系，
故此处填不定式的被动语态，填to
be
taken。
take_(拿走)—took—taken。
13．Pahlsson
and
her
husband
now
think
the
ring
probably
got
________
(sweep)
into
a
pile
of
kitchen
rubbish.
答案与解析 swept 句意：帕拉森和丈夫现在认为戒指可能是被扫到一堆厨房垃圾里去了。设空前是系动词got,
sweep与the
ring是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词做表语，填swept。sweep的过去式和过去分词形式分别是swept、_swept。
14．Studies
suggest
that
by
the
end
of
this
century,
nearly
half
of
the
7,000
languages
now
________
(speak)
worldwide
could
disappear.
答案与解析 spoken 句意：研究表明，到20世纪末，现在全世界说的7
000种语言中的近一半可能会消失。设空处意为“说”，与被修饰词languages之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词做后置定语。
牢记：speak_(说)—spoke—spoken。
15．We've
had
a
good
start,
but
next,
more
work
needs
________
(do)
to
achieve
the
final
success.
答案与解析 doing/to
be
done 分析句子结构可知，do与work之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示“……需要被做”用need
doing/need
to
be
done。注意：need,
want,
require表示“需要”时，“need/want/require
to
do
sth.”结构表示主动意义，意为“需要做某事”，“sth.
needs/wants/requires
doing/to
be
done”结构表示被动意义，意为“某事需要被做”。
【
能力】
一、单项选择
1.
The
life
events
of
this
moment
are
being
placed
in
your
experience
to
provide
you
with
a
perfect
context
the
true
wonder
and
glory
of
Who
You
Really
Are.
A.
within
where
you
could
experience
B.
within
that
to
experience
C.
which
to
experience
within
D.
within
which
to
experience
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：此刻的生活事件被放置在你的经验中，为你提供一个完美的背景。你可以在其中体验你是谁的真正的奇迹和荣耀。根据句意及句子结构可知，此句是定语从句。此处需要引导词指代先行词a
perfect
context，应用where或介词+which。根据句子结构可知，定语从句应用不定式表目的。experience是及物动词，其后可以直接加宾语，故选D项。
2.
Frank
went
back
home,
to
study
much
harder
than
before.
A.
with
his
mind
making
up
B.
his
mind
making
up
C.
with
his
mind
made
up
D.
his
mind
being
made
up
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：弗兰克回到家，下定决心要比以前更加努力地学习。make
up
one's
mind
to
do
sth.下定决心做某事，可知，his
mind和make
up之间为被动关系。分析句子可知，逗号后面是一个状语，如果用独立主格结构来表达，则为：his
mind
made
up。这里考查with
的复合结构：
with
+
宾语
+
宾语补足语，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选C。
3.
A
talented
painter
can
feel
that
certain
shapes
and
colors,
out
of
the
countless
billions
possible,
_______
exceptionally
interesting
for
them
and
worth
_____________
to
the
public.
A.
is;
showing
B.
are;
being
shown
C.
are;
showing
D.
is;
to
be
shown
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。句意：一个有才华的画家可以感觉到，在无数可能的形状和颜色中，某些形状和颜色对他们来说是特别有趣的，值得展示给公众。根据句意，此句描述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，宾语从句的主语是certain
shapes
and
colors，是复数，所以第一个空，也就是宾语从句的谓语是are；根据固定搭配worth
doing“值得做某事”，此时doing主动形式表示被动含义，所以第二个空用showing。故选C。
4.
He
was
the
first
one
in
the
village
_____________
a
company,
_____________
he
devoted
a
lot
of
time
and
energy.
A.
setting
up;
to
what
B.
setting
up;
for
which
C.
to
set
up;
to
which
D.
to
set
up;
for
what
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词不定式和定语从句。句意：他是村里第一个成立公司的人，为此他投入了大量的时间和精力。固定搭配set
up（成立），
the
+序数词+名词+
to
do
sth.（第几个做这件事情的……），第一空用动词不定式（
to
do）做代词one的后置定语；_____________
he
devoted
a
lot
of
time
and
energy是非限制性定语从句，先行词是a
company，本句还原为
he
devoted
a
lot
of
time
and
energy
to
a
company，先行词是物，用which引导，介词to可提到关系代词前，构成“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，即to
which。故选C项。
5.
_________
confidence,
she
wasn’t
awarded
Beauty
Queen
in
the
beauty
contest.
A.
Lacking
B.
Lacking
for
C.
Lack
of
D.
Lacked
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于缺乏自信，她在选美比赛中没有被授予选美皇后。分析句子结构结合句意可知，空处应用分词形式作状语，动词lack与逻辑主语she之间为主动关系，所以应用现在分词作原因状语，故选A项。
6.
Reading
this
instructive
book,
_________.
A.
tears
came
into
his
eyes
B.
his
eyes
were
filled
with
tears
C.
he
burst
into
tears
D.
the
stories
touched
him
deeply.
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子分析与主语一致。句意：读了这本有意义的书，他突然哭了起来。A.
tears
came
into
his
eyes(泪水涌上了他的眼睛)；
B.
his
eyes
were
filled
with
tears(他的眼里充满了泪水)；C.
he
burst
into
tears(他突然哭了起来)；D.
the
stories
touched
him
deeply(这些故事深深地感动了他)。根据状语reading可知，状语与主语之间为主动关系，所以句子的主语只能是he，故选C项。
7.
He
dived
into
the
water,
_________
only
his
face
_________.
A.
leaving;
exposed
B.
leaving;
exposing
C.
left;
exposed
D.
left;
exposing
【答案】A
【解析】考查现在分词作伴随状语和过去分词作宾语补足语。句意：他潜入水中，只露出了脸。句子主语He和leave之间是主动关系，是现在分词作伴随状语；固定搭配：leave
+宾语+宾语补足语，此处his
face和expose之间是被动关系，是过去分词作宾语补足语。故选A。
8.
I’ve
been
told
that
the
medical
team,
_________
five
doctors
and
ten
nurses,
_________
sent
to
the
flood-stricken
area.
A.
consisting
of;
are
to
be
B.
is
consisted
of;
will
be
C.
consisting
of;
is
to
be
D.
consisting
with;
will
be
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词和主谓一致。句意：我被告知由5个医生10个护士组成的医疗小组将要被送往洪灾地区。consist
of由……组成，为不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，所以用现在分词作定语，修饰名词the
medical
team。句中集合名词team，作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。故选C。
9.
The
international
agreement,
______
to
encourage
children
not
to
smoke
and
help
people
kick
the
habit,
was
signed
on
February
27.
A.
being
intended
B.
intended
C.
intending
D.
to
intend
【答案】B
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：这项国际协议于2月27日签署，旨在鼓励儿童戒烟，帮助人们戒烟。动词intend意为“设计，打算”，和逻辑主语The
international
agreement构成被动关系，且根据“was
signed
on
February
27”可知，动作已经完成。所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故选B。
10.
Without
the
Internet,
they
found
themselves
______
from
the
outside
world.
A.
cut
off
B.
cutting
off
C.
cut
up
D.
cutting
up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析和过去分词。句意：没有互联网，他们发现自己与外界隔绝了。“cut
off”表示“隔绝、隔断”；“cut
up”表示“切碎”。根据句意可知，这里是表示“与外界隔绝了”，所以用cut
off。这里是非谓语动词作宾补，宾语themselves和cut
off之间为被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。故选A项。
11.
Opinions
on
family
education
are
divided,
but
most
people
tend
to
approve
_______this.
Only
those
parents
________
in
their
children's
growth
are
considered
to
be
qualified.
A.
with;
involved
B.
of;
involving
C.
with;
involving
D.
of;
involved
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：关于家庭教育的观念有很多分歧，但是大多数人会倾向于同意下面这个事情。那就是只有那些参与到孩子成长过程中的父母，才被认为是合格的。第一个空考查固定短语，approve
of表示赞同，同意。短语be
involved
in
“参与，被卷入，被牵连”，分析可知，第二空需要过去分词短语involved
in
作parents
的后置定语。故选D。
12.
The
broadly-knowledgeable
professor
told
us
every
part
of
the
materials
should
be
made
use
of
________
the
power
plant.
A.
build
B.
building
C.
to
build
D.
built
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那位知识渊博的教授告诉我们，建造发电厂要充分利用这些材料的每一部分。分析句子成分可知，“________
the
power
plant”作目的状语，因此用不定式形式，故选C。
13.
—Did
you
hear
someone
___________
at
the
door?
—Yes,
it
must
be
John.
It’s
time
for
him
to
get
here.
A.
knocks
B.
knocking
C.
knocked
D.
to
knock
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：——你听到有人正在敲门吗？——是的，肯定是约翰。他该到了。hear
sb.
doing
sth.意为“听到某人正在做某事”，现在分词knocking在句中作宾语的补语，符合句意。故选B项。
14.
I
used
to
___________
to
work,
but
now
I
am
used
to___________.
A.
drive;
walk
B.
driving;
walking
C.
drive;
walking
D.
driving;
walk
【答案】C
【解析】考查use短语。句意：我过去开车上班，现在我习惯了走路。短语used
to
do
sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，be
used
to
doing
sth.意为“习惯于做某事”。故选C项。
15.
_______
a
satisfactory
operation,
David’s
father
will
recover
from
the
illness
very
soon
with
the
doctors
and
nurses
taking
care
of
him.
A.
Having
given
B.
Given
C.
Being
given
D.
Giving
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：做了一个满意的手术，大卫的父亲在医生和护士的照顾下很快就会康复。句中逻辑主语David’s
father
与give之间为被动关系，根据句意，'“做手术”是已经发生的动作，表示被动完成，所以用过去分词作状语。故选B。
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
16.
If
you
exercise
out
of
doors,
your
body
will
learn______(breathe)
more
deeply,
allowing
even
more
oxygen
to
get
to
your
muscles
and
your
brain.
【答案】to
breathe
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你进行户外运动，你的身体会学会深呼吸，让更多的氧气进入肌肉和大脑。分析句子可知，设空处接在动词learn后作宾语，一般用不定式形式。故填to
breathe。
17.
The
headteacher
had
a
class
meeting,______
(motivate)
the
students
to
be
the
best
of
themselves.
【答案】motivating
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：班主任开了一次班会，激励学生做最好的自己。分析句子可知，此句已经出现谓语动词，空格应用非谓语动词，且motivate“激励”和逻辑主语the
headteacher“班主任”之间是主动关系，并且是伴随谓语动词发生，所以用现在分词作状语，故填motivating。
18.
The
Chinese
have
used
chopsticks
for
five
thousand
years.
People
probably
cooked
their
food
in
large
pots,_______(use)
twigs
to
remove
it.
【答案】using
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国人使用筷子已经五千年了。人们通常在大锅里烹饪食物，用小树枝把它夹出来。分析可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语people和use之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填using。
19.
—Where
is
David?
—He
is
upstairs______(get)
ready
to
go
out.
【答案】getting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：——大卫在哪里？——他正在楼上准备出去。分析句子可知，设空处为非谓语谓语，get与主语是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，做伴随状语。故填getting。
20.
I
didn’t
anticipate______(have)
to
do
the
cooking
myself.
【答案】having
【解析】考查动名词。句意：我没想到得自己做饭。分析句子可知，设空处接在动词anticipate后作宾语，用动名词。故填having。
21.
I
like
arising
very
early
in
summer.
The
morning
air
is
so
good______(breathe).
【答案】to
breathe
【解析】考查不定式。句意：夏天我喜欢早起。早上的空气呼吸起来很棒。此处为固定句型：主语+
be+
adj.
+
to
do
“某人/物......是......的”。故填to
breathe。
22.
What
we
expect
from
you
is
working
hard
rather
than
hardly______(work).
【答案】working
【解析】考查动名词。句意：我们对你的期望是在努力去工作，而不是很少去工作。分析句子可知，设空处为be动词后作表语，应用动名词形式，rather
than连接working
hard
和
hardly
working两个相反的概念。故填working。
23.
Just
as
importantly,
we
tend_________（associate）air
with
health
care.
【答案】to
associate
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：同样重要的是，我们往往把空气与医疗联系在一起。结合句子tend
to
do
sth.倾向于做某事。根据括号提示词associate“使关联”。故填to
associate。
24.
It
is
up
to
the
travel
companies________(warn)
customers
of
any
possible
dangers.
【答案】to
warn
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：旅游公司有责任警告顾客任何可能的危险。根据固定句型It
is
up
to
sb.
to
do
sth.“该由某人做……；做……是某人的职责”可知，此空用动词不定式。故填to
warn。
25.
He
tricked
many
consumers
into__________(buy)
the
second-hand
clothes.
【答案】buying
【解析】考查动名词。句意：他哄骗许多消费者买了二手衣服。由固定用法trick
sb.
into
doing
sth.
“欺骗某人做某事”可知，应用动名词buying，做介词into的宾语。故填buying。
26.
It
is
evident
that
Joe
is
unconscious
of
the
potential
risks
to
health__________（associate）with
the
drug.
【答案】associated
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：很明显，乔没有意识到这种药物对健康的潜在危险。分析句子可知，该空在从句中做非谓语，由于该空与逻辑主语health为被动关系，故用过去分词associated作定语。故填associated。
27.
As
for__________(go)
back,
that
is
out
of
question.
【答案】going
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：至于回去，那是毫无疑问的。介词for后用动名词，做宾语。故填going。
28.
Children
________
(expose)
to
difficult
situations
are
better
at
tackling
those
challenges.
【答案】exposed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：面对困难形势的孩子更擅长处理这些挑战。分析句子可知，句子谓语为are
better
at
tackling，所以空处做非谓语。be
exposed
to表示“暴露于”，此处用过去分词做定语，修饰Children，所以省掉系动词。故填exposed。
29.
________（expose）the
sunlight
for
too
long
will
do
harm
to
your
skin.
【答案】Being
exposed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：长时间暴露在阳光下对皮肤有害。分析可知空格处是句子的主语，且“暴露”在阳光下是一个习惯的动作，故此处用动名词作主语，根据句意可知此处指“被暴露”在阳光下，故用动名词的被动语态。故填Being
exposed。
30.
Now
lots
of
new
technologies
can
be
applied
to
________(solve)
problems
in
industry.
【答案】solving
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在许多新技术可以应用于解决工业上的问题。空处solve作介词to的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填solving。
31.
Thunberg
will
join
world
leaders
who
are
expected
________
(present)
plans
to
reduce
carbon
dioxide
and
other
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
【答案】to
present
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：Thunberg将与世界各国领导人一道提出减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体排放的计划。固定搭配be
expected
to
do译为“被期待/预计做某事”，且world
leaders与present是主动关系。故填to
present。
32.
It
is
really
reasonable
for
you
________（refuse）his
demand.
【答案】to
refuse
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：你拒绝他的要求是很合理的。固定句型It
is
+adj.
for
sb.
to
do
sth.（做某事对某人来说……），用动词不定式（to
do）形式。故填to
refuse。
33.
We
should
motivate
children
________（read）more
books
in
their
spare
time.
【答案】to
read
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该鼓励孩子们在业余时间多读书。motivate
sb
to
do
sth意为“鼓励某人去做某事”，所以空处为动词不定式做宾补。故填to
read。
34.
Turkey
currently
has
just
one
public
library
for
every
70，000
people，________（compare）to
one
for
every6,200
people
in
the
European
Union.
【答案】compared
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：目前，土耳其每7万人只有一个公共图书馆，而欧盟每6200人有一个公共图书馆。分析句子可知，设空处应填非谓语动词作状语，又因compare与逻辑主语Turkey之间是动宾关系，需用过去分词。故填compared。
35.
_____（follow）by
a
wedding
photographer,
the
couple
made
a
surprise
visit
to
the
hospital
before
heading
to
the
reception.
【答案】Followed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在一名婚礼摄影师的陪同下，这对夫妇在前往婚宴之前出人意料地去了医院。分析句子结构，逗号前面部分是状语；“follow”与句子主语“the
couple”之间是逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词短语作状语。故填Followed。
36.
Is
there
anything
_____(plan)
for
tonight?
【答案】planned
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：今晚有什么安排吗？句中代词anything用plan之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词，作定语。故填planned。
37.
Those
students
hoped
________
(catch)
the
early
bus,
but
unfortunately
it
left.
【答案】to
have
caught
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那些学生希望赶上早班车，但不幸它开走了。hope
to
do
sth.固定短语。赶上早班车这个动作发生在谓语动词希望hoped之前，故此处需要使用动词不定式的完成时。故填to
have
caught。
38.
The
motorcyclist
tripped
over
a
rope
______
(stretch)
across
the
road.
【答案】stretched
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：骑摩托车的人被横在马路上的绳子绊倒了。句中名词rope与stretch之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填stretched。
39.
How
do
you
get
people
______(listen)
to
classical
music
in
a
profoundly
non-classical
age?
【答案】to
listen
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：如何让人们在一个极其非古典的时代去听古典音乐呢？此处是固定短语get
sb.
to
do
sth.“使某人做某事”，是动词不定式做宾语补足语。故填to
listen。
40.
While
many
think
of
Ford
as
the
inventor
of
the
automobile,he
was
certainly
not
the
first
______(assemble)
a
gas-powered
car.
【答案】to
assemble
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管很多人都认为Ford是汽车的发明者，但他肯定不是第一个装配汽油动力汽车的人。分析可知，当名词被序数词修饰，或本身就是序数词时，应用不定式作后置定语，故此处应用不定式作the
first的后置定语。故填to
assemble。
41.
We
want
them
to
imagine
______(be)
business
leaders
who
balance
their
kids
and
their
professional
lives.
【答案】being
【解析】考查动名词。句意：我们想让他们把自己想象成平衡孩子和职业生活的商业领袖。根据短语imagine
doing
sth.“想想做某事”可知，此处应用所给词的动名词形式作宾语。故填being。
42.
Multi-channel
retailers
are
offering
consumers
the
option
to
pick
up
their
online
purchases
at
the
store
or
have
the
products
______
(deliver).
【答案】delivered
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：多渠道零售商为消费者提供了在商店提货或送货的选择。根据have
the
products可知此处要用过去分词，deliver的过去分词是delivered，表示the
products和deliver之间是被动关系。短语have
sth.
done“使某事被做”。故填delivered。
43.
With
the
appropriate
level
of
difficulty
,
people
may
feel
like
______
(challenge)
it
again
and
again.
【答案】challenging
【解析】考查动名词。句意：难度水平适当的情况下，人们可能想要一次次地挑战它。根据短语feel
like
doing
sth.“想要做某事”可知，此处应用所给词的动名词形式作宾语。故填challenging。
44.
________(decrease)the
amount
of
rubbish
and
to
protect
the
environment,
more
governments
are
requiring
people
to
recycle
materials.
【答案】To
decrease
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了减少垃圾的数量和保护环境，更多的政府要求人们回收材料。分析句子可知，空处为不定式作状语表示目的，注意句首字母需大写。故填To
decrease。
45.
Some
people
are
brilliant
with
computers,
but
have
no
idea
how
_______（handle）
other
people.
【答案】to
handle
【解析】考查不定式。句意：有些人擅长电脑，却不知道如何与人打交道。分析可知，此处为“特殊疑问词+不定式”作名词idea的同位语，故填to
handle。
三、语法填空
1
The
walls
of
failure
surrounded
me.
My
teacher’s
eyes
stared
at
my
every
move.
My
mom’s
blank
expression
showed46.
(disappoint).
“He
is
not
giving
his
full
potential,”
I
heard
my
teacher
say.
I
gazed
down,
afraid,
ashamed,
and47.
(determine).
My
determination
was
not
to
put
my
best
effort
to
improve
but
to
give
up.
My
native
language
is
Spanish.48.
hard
I
tried,
English
would
not
take
root
in
my
brain.
I
tried
hours
on
end
49.
(improve)
my
grammar,
pronunciation,and
vocabulary.
After
the
parent-teacher
conference,
my
mother50.
(tell)
that
I
was
totally
lacking
interest.
I
spent
that
whole
afternoon
listening
to
my
mother
tell
me51.
I
should
try.
“You
can
never
achieve
what
you
do
not
try,
she
told
me.
The
simple
statement
stuck
deeply52.
my
nine-year-old
mind.
The
next
day,
I
found
myself
learning
English
words
I
never
knew.
A
simple
change
in
attitude
made
me
successfully
learn
those
words.
My
teacher’s
welcoming
smile,
patience,
and
bright
attitude,
in
addition
to
my
desire
to
learn,
were
enough
to
make53.
difference.
Within
days,
I
found
54.
(I)
having
complete
conversations
in
English
and
even55.
(use)
idioms
correctly.
My
mother’s
words
helped
me
to
learn
that
success
in
life
requires
desire.
【答案】
46.
disappointment
47.
determined
48.
However
49.
to
improve
50.
was
told
51.
why
52.
in
53.
a
54.
myself
55.
using
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者英语水平很差，不愿再努力，但妈妈告诉作者“不去尝试永远做不到”，这让作者态度开始转变，经过努力，英语终于取得了很大的进步。
46.
考查形容词。句意：我妈妈茫然的表情很失望。此处形容母亲的心情，应该用disappointed形容人。故填disappointed。
47.
考查形容词。句意：我向下凝视，害怕，羞愧，坚定。结合前面afraid,
ashamed的形式可知，此处应该用形容词determined修饰我的心情。故填determined。
48.
考查副词。句意：不管我怎么努力，英语都不会在我脑子里扎根。此处用however修饰hard，表示“无论多么努力”放于句首，首字母大写。故填However。
49.
考查非谓语动词。句意：我试过几个小时来提高我的语法，发音和词汇。此处是目的状语，应该用不定式，故填to
improve。
50.
考查动词时态。句意：在家长会之后，我妈妈被告知我完全没有兴趣。结合语境可知，my
mother与tell之间是被动关系，结合时态，应该用一般过去时态。故填was
told。
51.
考查副词。句意：我花了整个下午听妈妈告诉我为什么我应该试试。分析句子可知，此处用why引导宾语从句，表示为什么我应该尝试。故填why。
52.
考查介词。句意：这个简单的说法深深地刺入了我的记忆。stick
in刺入，是固定短语。故填in。
53.
考查固定搭配。句意：老师的热情的微笑，耐心，开朗的态度，还有我对学习的渴望，都足够起作用。make
a
difference起作用，有影响，是固定搭配。故填a。
54.
考查代词。句意：几天后，我发现自己能用英语进行了完整的对话，甚至正确地使用了成语。主语和宾语一致时，宾语应该用相应的反身代词，故填myself。
55.
考查非谓语动词。句意：几天后，我发现自己用英语进行了完整的对话，甚至正确地使用了成语。and连接having和using，前后形式一致。故填using。
2
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Our
bodies
can
be
younger
or
older
than
our
actual
age
56.
(depend)
upon
diet,
lifestyle
choices
and
physical
activity.
This
is
called
biological(生理的)age,
57.
could
be
different
from
the
age
on
your
driver's
license,
which
58.
(call)
chronological(时间的)age.
59.
recent
study
of
over
900
adults
who
were
tracked
for
12
years,
from
ages
26-38,
60.
(show)
that
people
who
were
aging
faster,
meaning
that
their
biological
age
was
higher
than
their
chronological
age,
were
not
as
healthy
or
61.
(physical)
fit.
This
group
was
also
more
likely
62.
(have)
cognitive
decline（认知衰退）and
was
at
a
63.
（great）
risk
for
age-related
health
conditions.
A
growing
body
of
research
proves
that
the
keys
to
aging
successfully
are
a
64.
（combine）
of
exercising
regularly,
keeping
busy
with
life,
and
maintaining
a
healthy
diet
with
nutritious
foods.
These
three
key
elements
could
contribute
65.
aging
gracefully,
and
successfully,
too.
【答案】
56.
depending
57.
which
58.
is
called
59.
A
60.
showed
61.
physically
62.
to
have
63.
greater
bination
65.
to
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了生理年龄高于实际年龄的人衰老的速度更快以及延缓衰老的几个关键因素。
56.
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的身体可能比实际年龄更年轻，也可能比实际年龄更老，这取决于我们的饮食、生活方式和体育活动。Our
bodies与depend之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作状语，故填depending。
57.
考查非限定性定语从句。句意：这叫作生理年龄,不同于你驾照上的实际年龄。先行词为biological
age，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。
58.
考查时态语态。句意同上，which
指代的是先行词the
age
on
your
driver's
license，与call之间是被动关系，且为客观事实，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is
called。
59.
考查冠词。句意：最近的一项研究对900多名成年人进行了为期12年的跟踪调查，他们的年龄从26岁到38岁不等。研究显示，那些衰老速度更快的人，也就是他们的生理年龄高于实际年龄的人，健康状况或身体状况都不那么好。study表示“研究”时是可数名词，此处泛指“一项研究”，故填A。
60.
考查时态。句意同上，事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，故填showed。
61.
考查副词。句意同上，修饰形容词fit用副词，故填physically。
62.
考查固定搭配。句意：这组人也更有可能出现认知能力下降，并且患上与年龄有关的健康问题的风险更大。be
likely
to
do表示“有可能……”，故填to
have。
63.
考查形容词比较级。句意同上，此处有一个隐晦的比较意义，是这组人与其他人的比较，故填greater。
64.
考查名词。句意：越来越多的研究证明，延缓衰老的关键是经常锻炼，保持忙碌的生活，保持健康的饮食这三者的结合。a
combination
of表示“……与……的结合”，故填combination。
65.
考查固定短语。句意：这三个关键因素可能有助于优雅地老去和延缓衰老。contribute
to表示“有助于”，故填to。2021届高考二轮英语语法专训
03.
非谓语动词
重点一
非谓语动词做主语、宾语和表语★★★☆☆
1.非谓语动词中能做主语的有动名词和不定式
(1)动名词做主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作，不定式做主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。
(2)it做形式主语，代替真正做主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有：It
is/was
no
use/good＋doing
sth.;
It
is/was
useless
doing
sth.;
It's
a
waste
of
time
doing
sth.;
It's＋adj.＋for/of
sb.＋to
do
sth.等。
2．非谓语动词中能做表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。注意现在分词做表语意为“令人感到……的”，而过去分词做表语意为“本身感到……的”。
3．非谓语动词中能做宾语的有动名词和不定式
(1)只能跟动名词做宾语的动词和短语：suggest、
imagine、
mind、
admit、
practise、
risk、
keep、
keep
on、
avoid、
escape、
enjoy、
consider、
finish、
miss、
insist
on、
look
forward
to、
feel
like、
get
down
to、
object
to等。
(2)只能跟不定式做宾语的动词和短语：wish、
hope、
decide、
refuse、
promise、
pretend、
manage、
want、
plan、
fail、
choose、
would
like等。
(3)既可跟动名词又可跟不定式做宾语的动词和短语：remember、
forget、
regret、
stop、
go
on、
try等。
·Remember
to
turn
off
the
lights
before
you
go
to
bed.
睡觉前记得关灯。
·I
remember
reading
about
the
earthquake
in
the
newspaper.
我记得在报纸上读过关于该地震的文章。
(单句填空)
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A
90?year?old
has
been
awarded
“Woman
Of
The
Year”
for
________
(be)
Britain's
oldest
full?time
employee—still
working
40
hours
a
week.
2．(2019·浙江高考)But
some
students
didn't
want
______
(wear)
the
uniform.
3．(2019·天津高考)
________
(learn)
to
think
critically
is
an
important
skill
today's
children
will
need
for
the
future.
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I
became
________
(interest)
in
playing
football
thanks
to
a
small
accident.
重点二
非谓语动词做定语★★★★☆
定语形式
功能
现在分词一般式doing
表示动作是主动进行的行为或者正在进行当中
现在分词一般式的被动结构being
done
表示动作是被动行为且正在进行当中
过去分词done
表示动作是被动完成的行为或者单纯表示已经完成
动词不定式to
do
表示将要发生的动作
动词不定式一般式的被动结构to
be
done
表示将要被做的动作
·Tsinghua
University,
founded
in
1911,
is
home
to
a
被动的完成的动作
great
number
of
outstanding
figures.
清华大学建立于1911年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。
·We
are
invited
to
a
party
to
be
held
in
our
club
next
Friday.
被动的将来的动作
我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。
·The
lecture,
starting
at
7:
00
pm
last
night,
was
主动的动作
followed
by
an
observation
of
the
moon
with
telescopes.
讲座于昨晚七点开始，随后是用望远镜观察月球。
(单句填空)
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When
we
got
a
call
________
(say)
she
was
short?listed,
we
thought
it
was
a
joke.
6．(2019·北京高考)Earth
Day,
________
(mark)
on
22
April,
is
an
annual
event
aiming
to
raise
public
awareness
about
environmental
protection.
7．(2018·浙江高考)Larger
amounts
of
caffeine
can
cause
a
problem
________
(call)
caffeinism.
重点三
非谓语动词做状语★★★★★
1.不定式做状语
不定式主要可以做目的状语、结果状语、原因状语等。
(1)在too
...
to
do、
enough
to
do、
so/such
...
as
to
do结构中做状语表目的。
·He
is
such
a
good
teacher
as
to
be
respected
by
all
his
students.
他是个如此好的老师，以至于受到他所有学生的尊敬。
(2)在only/just
to
do结构中，表示出乎意料的结果。
·He
rushed
to
the
station,
only
to
find
that
the
train
had
left.
他匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。
(3)在be
happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised
to
do
sth.结构中做状语表原因。
·He
was
surprised
to
be
informed
of
the
news.
被告知这一消息，他感到吃惊。
2．分词做状语
(1)v.－ing形式：现在分词做状语，用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等。现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且含有进行之意。
(2)v.－ed形式：①过去分词做状语，用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等。过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且含有完成之意。
②源于系表结构的部分过去分词做状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系，其前不用being，常见的有：seated
(坐着的)、hidden
(躲着)、devoted
(专注的)、lost/absorbed
in
(沉溺于)、born
in
(出身于)、dressed
in
(穿着)、tired
of
(厌烦了)等。
·Following
the
teacher,
some
students
entered
the
classroom.(动词follow与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词所表示的动作基本同时发生)
·The
teacher
entered
the
classroom,
followed
by
some
students.(动词follow与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，与句中谓语动词所表示的动作基本同时发生)
(3)having
done/having
been
done强调分词的动作发生在句子的谓语动词表示的动作之前。
·Not
having
finished
my
homework,
I
had
to
stay
at
home.(动词finish与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且先于谓语动词表示的动作发生)
(4)有些分词或不定式短语做状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：
generally
speaking
一般来说
frankly
speaking
坦白地说
judging
from/by
根据……来判断
to
tell
(you)
the
truth
说实话
to
begin/start
with
起初；开始
to
be
honest
诚实地说
to
make
things/matters
worse让事情变得更糟糕的是
(单句填空)
8．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern
methods
of
tracking
polar
bear
populations
have
been
employed
only
since
the
mid?1980s,
and
are
expensive
____________
(perform)
consistently
over
a
large
area.
9．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The
government
encourages
farmers
to
grow
corn
instead
of
rice
________
(improve)
water
quality.
10．(2018·北京高考)Ordinary
soap,
________
(use)
correctly,
can
deal
with
bacteria
effectively.
重点四
非谓语动词做补语
1.有些动词和动词短语后接不定式做宾语补足语，形式为“动词(短语)＋宾语＋宾补(不定式)”。如：advise、
allow、
ask、
beg、
cause、
encourage、
expect、
forbid、
force、
invite、
persuade、
teach、
remind、
warn、
wish、
call
on、
depend
on等。
·The
doctor
warned
him
not
to
eat
too
much
meat.
医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。
2．“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see、
watch、
observe、
notice、
look
at、
hear、
listen
to、
feel等)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原)，doing表主动或正在进行，done表被动或完成。
3．make/have/get/keep/leave＋宾语＋补语
宾补宾补动词＋宾语
to
do
－ing
done
make＋宾语
do
×
√
keep＋宾语
×
√
√
have＋宾语
do/to
do(区别：have
sb.
do
sth.意为“让某人做某事”；have
sth.
to
do意为“有某事要做”，to
do做后置定语)
√(表示主体使客体处于某种状态或一直做某事)
√(表示让别人做某事或让某事被做)
get＋宾语
√
√
√
leave＋宾语
√
√
√
·Claire
had
her
luggage
checked
an
hour
before
her
plane
left.
在飞机起飞前一个小时，克莱尔把行李进行了安检。
4．“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构
(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词。现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。
·He
lay
on
the
grass
with
his
eyes
looking
at
the
sky.
他躺在草地上，眼望着天空。
(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词。过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成。
·With
his
hair
cut,
he
looked
much
younger.
理了发，他看起来年轻多了。
(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式。不定式表示动作尚未发生。切记：不定式在任何情况下都用主动形式，表示被动意义。
·With
a
lot
of
homework
to
do,
I
can't
go
skating
with
you.
因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。
(单句填空)
11．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Once
his
message
was
delivered,
he
allowed
me
________
(stay)
and
watch.
12．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They
are
required
________
(process)
the
food
that
we
eat,
to
recover
from
injury
and
for
several
other
bodily
functions.
13．I
saw
some
elderly
people
________
(practice)
Tai
Chi
slowly.
I
stopped
and
watched
their
movements
closely.
【
技巧】
▲核心技法回顾
对于语法填空中非谓语动词的解答，首先通过分析句子结构判断设空处是否应填非谓语动词，然后根据非谓语动词的用法确定具体。
1．如果做主语或表语，应用动词－ing或不定式形式，如果设空处有“for＋名词或代词”，设空处用不定式。
2．如果做定语，要判断该非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的逻辑关系，再根据不定式、动词－ing、过去分词做定语的用法确定设空处所需形式。
3．如果做宾语，要注意设空处前面的词，如果是介词(注意有时可能省略介词)，设空处一定是动词－ing；如果是及物动词，要根据非谓语动词做宾语的用法判断其形式。
4．如果做目的状语或表意外的结果状语或在形容词后做状语，用动词不定式。如果做伴随、时间、条件、非意外的结果等状语，要根据其与逻辑主语之间的关系，确定用现在分词或过去。
5．如果做宾补，首先需要弄清设空处与宾语的逻辑关系，如果是主动关系，答案可能是to
do、
doing或不带to的不定式；如果是被动关系，答案可能是being
done、
to
be
done或done。
6．牢记一些不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的变化形式，不要因大小写弄错丢分，以不发音的字母e结尾的动词变?ing形式时，一定要去掉结尾的字母e，再加ing。
7．注意固定结构和用法，分清介词to
和不定式符号to。
▲语法填空解题技法练习
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists
have
responded
by
________
(note)
that
hungry
bears
may
be
congregating
(聚集)
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
the
illusion
(错觉)
that
populations
are
higher
than
they
actually
are.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On
the
last
day
of
our
week?long
stay,
we
were
invited
to
attend
a
private
concert
on
a
beautiful
farm
on
the
North
Shore
under
the
stars,
________
(listen)
to
musicians
and
meeting
interesting
locals.
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Picking
up
her
“Lifetime
Achievement”
award,
proud
Irene
declared
she
had
no
plans
________
(retire)
from
her
36?year?old
business.
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)If
I
succeed
in
________
(manage)
one,
I
will
open
more.
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You
don't
have
to
run
fast
or
for
long
________
(see)
the
benefit.
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Some
of
us
were
confident
and
eager
________
(take)
part
in
the
class
activity;
others
were
nervous
and
anxious.
7．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyone
was
silent,
________
(wait)
to
see
who
would
be
called
upon
to
read
his
or
her
paragraph
aloud.
8．To
the
Chinese
people,
bamboo
is
the
symbol
of
virtue,
________
(reflect)
people's
soul
and
emotion.
9．(2020·荆州高三调研)The
results
showed
that
the
older
group
were
significantly
more
likely
than
the
younger
________
(accept)
the
truth
as
a
lie
they
had
been
told
less
than
an
hour
earlier.
10．(2020·长沙高三检测)As
for
the
questions,
________
(choose)
at
random
before,
the
researchers
told
the
participants
to
think
carefully.
11．The
boys
played
with
it
until
it
broke,
and
then
made
their
own
________
(replace)
it.
12．The
sign
on
the
wall
of
the
library
says,
“No
magazine
is
allowed
________
(take)
out
of
the
reading
room.”
13．Pahlsson
and
her
husband
now
think
the
ring
probably
got
________
(sweep)
into
a
pile
of
kitchen
rubbish.
14．Studies
suggest
that
by
the
end
of
this
century,
nearly
half
of
the
7,000
languages
now
________
(speak)
worldwide
could
disappear.
15．We've
had
a
good
start,
but
next,
more
work
needs
________
(do)
to
achieve
the
final
success.
【
能力】
一、单项选择
1.
The
life
events
of
this
moment
are
being
placed
in
your
experience
to
provide
you
with
a
perfect
context
the
true
wonder
and
glory
of
Who
You
Really
Are.
A.
within
where
you
could
experience
B.
within
that
to
experience
C.
which
to
experience
within
D.
within
which
to
experience
2.
Frank
went
back
home,
to
study
much
harder
than
before.
A.
with
his
mind
making
up
B.
his
mind
making
up
C.
with
his
mind
made
up
D.
his
mind
being
made
up
3.
A
talented
painter
can
feel
that
certain
shapes
and
colors,
out
of
the
countless
billions
possible,
_______
exceptionally
interesting
for
them
and
worth
_____________
to
the
public.
A.
is;
showing
B.
are;
being
shown
C.
are;
showing
D.
is;
to
be
shown
4.
He
was
the
first
one
in
the
village
_____________
a
company,
_____________
he
devoted
a
lot
of
time
and
energy.
A.
setting
up;
to
what
B.
setting
up;
for
which
C.
to
set
up;
to
which
D.
to
set
up;
for
what
5.
_________
confidence,
she
wasn’t
awarded
Beauty
Queen
in
the
beauty
contest.
A.
Lacking
B.
Lacking
for
C.
Lack
of
D.
Lacked
6.
Reading
this
instructive
book,
_________.
A.
tears
came
into
his
eyes
B.
his
eyes
were
filled
with
tears
C.
he
burst
into
tears
D.
the
stories
touched
him
deeply.
7.
He
dived
into
the
water,
_________
only
his
face
_________.
A.
leaving;
exposed
B.
leaving;
exposing
C.
left;
exposed
D.
left;
exposing
8.
I’ve
been
told
that
the
medical
team,
_________
five
doctors
and
ten
nurses,
_________
sent
to
the
flood-stricken
area.
A.
consisting
of;
are
to
be
B.
is
consisted
of;
will
be
C.
consisting
of;
is
to
be
D.
consisting
with;
will
be
9.
The
international
agreement,
______
to
encourage
children
not
to
smoke
and
help
people
kick
the
habit,
was
signed
on
February
27.
A.
being
intended
B.
intended
C.
intending
D.
to
intend
10.
Without
the
Internet,
they
found
themselves
______
from
the
outside
world.
A.
cut
off
B.
cutting
off
C.
cut
up
D.
cutting
up
11.
Opinions
on
family
education
are
divided,
but
most
people
tend
to
approve
_______this.
Only
those
parents
________
in
their
children's
growth
are
considered
to
be
qualified.
A.
with;
involved
B.
of;
involving
C.
with;
involving
D.
of;
involved
12.
The
broadly-knowledgeable
professor
told
us
every
part
of
the
materials
should
be
made
use
of
________
the
power
plant.
A.
build
B.
building
C.
to
build
D.
built
13.
—Did
you
hear
someone
___________
at
the
door?
—Yes,
it
must
be
John.
It’s
time
for
him
to
get
here.
A.
knocks
B.
knocking
C.
knocked
D.
to
knock
14.
I
used
to
___________
to
work,
but
now
I
am
used
to___________.
A.
drive;
walk
B.
driving;
walking
C.
drive;
walking
D.
driving;
walk
15.
_______
a
satisfactory
operation,
David’s
father
will
recover
from
the
illness
very
soon
with
the
doctors
and
nurses
taking
care
of
him.
A.
Having
given
B.
Given
C.
Being
given
D.
Giving
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
16.
If
you
exercise
out
of
doors,
your
body
will
learn______(breathe)
more
deeply,
allowing
even
more
oxygen
to
get
to
your
muscles
and
your
brain.
17.
The
headteacher
had
a
class
meeting,______
(motivate)
the
students
to
be
the
best
of
themselves.
18.
The
Chinese
have
used
chopsticks
for
five
thousand
years.
People
probably
cooked
their
food
in
large
pots,_______(use)
twigs
to
remove
it.
19.
—Where
is
David?
—He
is
upstairs______(get)
ready
to
go
out.
20.
I
didn’t
anticipate______(have)
to
do
the
cooking
myself.
21.
I
like
arising
very
early
in
summer.
The
morning
air
is
so
good______(breathe).
22.
What
we
expect
from
you
is
working
hard
rather
than
hardly______(work).
23.
Just
as
importantly,
we
tend_________（associate）air
with
health
care.
24.
It
is
up
to
the
travel
companies________(warn)
customers
of
any
possible
dangers.
25.
He
tricked
many
consumers
into__________(buy)
the
second-hand
clothes.
26.
It
is
evident
that
Joe
is
unconscious
of
the
potential
risks
to
health__________（associate）with
the
drug.
27.
As
for__________(go)
back,
that
is
out
of
question.
28.
Children
________
(expose)
to
difficult
situations
are
better
at
tackling
those
challenges.
29.
________（expose）the
sunlight
for
too
long
will
do
harm
to
your
skin.
30.
Now
lots
of
new
technologies
can
be
applied
to
________(solve)
problems
in
industry.
31.
Thunberg
will
join
world
leaders
who
are
expected
________
(present)
plans
to
reduce
carbon
dioxide
and
other
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
32.
It
is
really
reasonable
for
you
________（refuse）his
demand.
33.
We
should
motivate
children
________（read）more
books
in
their
spare
time.
34.
Turkey
currently
has
just
one
public
library
for
every
70，000
people，________（compare）to
one
for
every6,200
people
in
the
European
Union.
35.
_____（follow）by
a
wedding
photographer,
the
couple
made
a
surprise
visit
to
the
hospital
before
heading
to
the
reception.
36.
Is
there
anything
_____(plan)
for
tonight?
37.
Those
students
hoped
________
(catch)
the
early
bus,
but
unfortunately
it
left.
38.
The
motorcyclist
tripped
over
a
rope
______
(stretch)
across
the
road.
39.
How
do
you
get
people
______(listen)
to
classical
music
in
a
profoundly
non-classical
age?
40.
While
many
think
of
Ford
as
the
inventor
of
the
automobile,he
was
certainly
not
the
first
______(assemble)
a
gas-powered
car.
41.
We
want
them
to
imagine
______(be)
business
leaders
who
balance
their
kids
and
their
professional
lives.
42.
Multi-channel
retailers
are
offering
consumers
the
option
to
pick
up
their
online
purchases
at
the
store
or
have
the
products
______
(deliver).
43.
With
the
appropriate
level
of
difficulty
,
people
may
feel
like
______
(challenge)
it
again
and
again.
44.
________(decrease)the
amount
of
rubbish
and
to
protect
the
environment,
more
governments
are
requiring
people
to
recycle
materials.
45.
Some
people
are
brilliant
with
computers,
but
have
no
idea
how
_______（handle）
other
people.
三、语法填空
1
The
walls
of
failure
surrounded
me.
My
teacher’s
eyes
stared
at
my
every
move.
My
mom’s
blank
expression
showed46.
(disappoint).
“He
is
not
giving
his
full
potential,”
I
heard
my
teacher
say.
I
gazed
down,
afraid,
ashamed,
and47.
(determine).
My
determination
was
not
to
put
my
best
effort
to
improve
but
to
give
up.
My
native
language
is
Spanish.48.
hard
I
tried,
English
would
not
take
root
in
my
brain.
I
tried
hours
on
end
49.
(improve)
my
grammar,
pronunciation,and
vocabulary.
After
the
parent-teacher
conference,
my
mother50.
(tell)
that
I
was
totally
lacking
interest.
I
spent
that
whole
afternoon
listening
to
my
mother
tell
me51.
I
should
try.
“You
can
never
achieve
what
you
do
not
try,
she
told
me.
The
simple
statement
stuck
deeply52.
my
nine-year-old
mind.
The
next
day,
I
found
myself
learning
English
words
I
never
knew.
A
simple
change
in
attitude
made
me
successfully
learn
those
words.
My
teacher’s
welcoming
smile,
patience,
and
bright
attitude,
in
addition
to
my
desire
to
learn,
were
enough
to
make53.
difference.
Within
days,
I
found
54.
(I)
having
complete
conversations
in
English
and
even55.
(use)
idioms
correctly.
My
mother’s
words
helped
me
to
learn
that
success
in
life
requires
desire.
2
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Our
bodies
can
be
younger
or
older
than
our
actual
age
56.
(depend)
upon
diet,
lifestyle
choices
and
physical
activity.
This
is
called
biological(生理的)age,
57.
could
be
different
from
the
age
on
your
driver's
license,
which
58.
(call)
chronological(时间的)age.
59.
recent
study
of
over
900
adults
who
were
tracked
for
12
years,
from
ages
26-38,
60.
(show)
that
people
who
were
aging
faster,
meaning
that
their
biological
age
was
higher
than
their
chronological
age,
were
not
as
healthy
or
61.
(physical)
fit.
This
group
was
also
more
likely
62.
(have)
cognitive
decline（认知衰退）and
was
at
a
63.
（great）
risk
for
age-related
health
conditions.
A
growing
body
of
research
proves
that
the
keys
to
aging
successfully
are
a
64.
（combine）
of
exercising
regularly,
keeping
busy
with
life,
and
maintaining
a
healthy
diet
with
nutritious
foods.
These
three
key
elements
could
contribute
65.
aging
gracefully,
and
successfully,
too.
