2021届高考二轮英语语法专训
08.介词(短语)和动词短语
重点一
常考介词★★★★★
1.表时间和方位的介词
用 法
表示时间的介词
at,
in,
on
①at表示时间点；②in表示时间段，与表示较长一段时间的词搭配；③on表示在特定的日子、具体的日期、星期几、具体的某一天或某些节日；也可表示在具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上。
in,
after
两者后均可接时间段，表示“在……之后”，但“in＋时间段”常与将来时连用，“after＋时间段”常与过去时连用。
for,
since,
from
①“for＋时间段”表示某行为或状态持续了多久；②“since＋时间点”强调自过去某时延续至今的一段时间；③“from＋时间点”只表示行为或状态的起始点。
before,by
before与by都可表示“在……之前”，但by表示“不迟于某时”，包括某时在内。
用 法
表示方位的介词
on,
above,
over
①on指在某物的表面上，其反义词是beneath；②above指离开物体表面而在其上方，不一定是垂直向上，其反义词是below；③over
指离开物体表面而在其正上方，其反义词是under。(注意：over还可以表示期间；一边一边)
across,
through,
past,
over,
along，by,
beside
①across指从一平面上“横穿”或“在……对面”；②through指从人群或物体内部“穿过，贯穿”；③past表示动态的动作发生在某人/某物的旁边；④over表示从上方越过；⑤along表示“沿着”；⑥by与beside均表示“在……旁边”，by含有“倚，凭靠”的意思，
beside指两者位置关系。
at,
in,
on
at后接较小的地方或门牌号码；in后接较大的地方；
on一般指与面或线接触。
in,
on,
to,
off
in表示在某一范围之内；on表示与某一地区“毗邻，接壤”；to表示在某范围之外；off表示“(时空上)离，距”。
(1)在以下短语中，at用于表示时间段的名词前。
at
dinner
time
在(吃)晚饭时
at
weekends/the
weekend
在周末
(2)当时间名词前有this、
that、
last、
next、
every、
each、
some等词修饰时，通常不用任何介词。
this
morning
今天上午
last
year
去年
(3)“on＋名词或动名词”结构可以表示“一……就……”。
·On
my
arrival/arriving
home,
I
discovered
they
had
gone.
我一到家就发现他们已经离开了。
2．其他介词
介词
用法
against
反对，违背，与……相反；触；碰撞；紧靠，倚靠；与……竞争，对阵；以……为背景
at
①用在表示某地点、场合、方位等的名词前；②用在表示时刻、钟点、期间、……岁、时节等的名词前；③以，按(价格、速度、数量等)；④朝、向、对着某人/某物的方向。
beyond
(指程度)深于；(指范围)超出；(指可能性、理解力、能力等)非……可及；(时间)晚于
by
(时间)不迟于，在……之前；常用于结构“by＋the＋单数名词”表示“按……计算”；(表示程度、数量)相差；经过，经由；通过(某种方法、手段)
for
①(表示目的或功能)为了；②(表示对象或用途)给，对；③(表示原因)因为，由于；④(表示时间、距离、数量)达，计；⑤支持，赞成；⑥至于，关于，就……而言；⑦(表示去向)往，向；⑧(表示陈述或问题的对象)
in
①(表示地点、场所、位置等)在……里面；在……内；②(表示时间)在……期间；在(一段时间)以内；在……之后；③(表示某人或某物的状态、情况)处于……中；④关于；在……方面
on
①(表示接触或由某一表面支撑着)在……上；②(表示时间)在……时候；③关于，有关；④借助于，通过……，以……方式
with
和……一起，和，同，跟；(伴)随着；具有，带有；由于，因为；(表示方式)用
(单句填空)
1．(2019·浙江高考)The
answer
________
this
question
is
not
clear.
2．(2018·浙江高考)If
you
are
not
going
to
suffer
this
problem,
then
I
suggest
that
the
next
time
you
go
to
your
mum's
home
________
dinner,
get
a
few
cooking
tips
from
her.
3．(2018·浙江高考)One
cup
of
coffee
________
the
late
afternoon
or
evening
will
cause
them
to
stay
awake
almost
all
night.
4．(全国卷Ⅰ)Chopsticks
are
not
used
everywhere
in
Asia.
In
India,
for
example,
most
people
traditionally
eat
their
hands.
重点二
介词短语★★★★★
1.at＋名词
at
a
loss 不知所措 at
dinner 在吃晚餐
at
peace
处于和平状态
at
dawn
在黎明
at
war
在战争中
at
work
在工作
2．其他高频介词短语
against
time
争分夺秒
at
the
sight
of
一看到……
at
the
age
of
在……岁时
in
(the)
face
of
面对；面临
in
addition
(to)
另外；除了
in
case
of
万一
in
charge
of
负责；主管
in
favour
of
赞成；支持
in
need
of
需要
in
no
time
立刻
in
a
hurry
匆忙
in
preparation
for
为……做准备
in
return
for
作为回报
of
help/use
有帮助的/有用的
of
importance
重要的
on
behalf
of
代表
3．by＋名词
by
accident 偶然地 by
chance 偶然地
by
force
用暴力
by
hand
手工地
by
mistake
错误地
by
the
month
按月算
4．beyond＋名词
beyond
comparison 无与伦比
beyond
control
失控
beyond
description
难以描述
beyond
doubt
毋庸置疑
beyond
expression
难以表达
beyond
(one's)
reach
够不到
5．in＋名词
in
bed 在床上 in
danger 处于危险中
in
debt
负债
in
difficulty
处于困难中
in
high
spirits
情绪高昂
in
need
处于困难中
in
order
整齐；井然有序
in
surprise
吃惊地
in
trouble
在困难中
in
use
使用中
6．on＋名词
on
a
trip
在旅行 on
business 出差
on
display/show
在展出
on
duty
在值班
on
holiday/vacation
在度假
on
sale
在出售
on
strike
在罢工
on
the
way
在途中
7．out
of＋名词
out
of
balance
失去平衡 out
of
control 失去控制
out
of
danger
脱离危险
out
of
date
过期
out
of
order
出故障
out
of
work
失业
8．under＋名词
under
consideration
在考虑中
under
construction
在建造中
under
control
在控制之下
under
discussion
在讨论中
under
pressure
在压力下
under
repair
在修理中
under
treatment
在治疗中
(单句填空)
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)It
ran
for
just
under
seven
kilometers
and
allowed
people
to
avoid
terrible
crowds
on
the
roads
above
as
they
travelled
to
and
________
work.
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)After
school
she
plans
to
take
a
year
off
to
model
full－time
before
going
to
university
to
get
a
degree
________
engineering
or
architecture.
重点三
动词短语★★★★★
1.常考动词的固定结构和搭配
(1)★★★用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋of＋sth.”结构的常见动词有：
accuse
控告 cheat
欺骗 cure
治愈 inform
通知
remind
使想起
rob
抢劫
warn
警告
rid
使摆脱
suspect
怀疑
persuade
说服
convince
使信服
·You
need
to
convince
them
of
your
enthusiasm
for
the
job.
你要使他们相信你对这份工作的热情。
(2)★★★用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋for＋sth.”结构的常见动词有：
blame
责备 criticize
批评forgive
原谅excuse
原谅
pardon
原谅
punish
惩罚
scold
责备
thank
感谢
praise
赞扬
respect
尊重
admire
钦佩；赞赏
·The
school
is
widely
admired
for
its
excellent
teaching.
这所学校教学优秀，广受赞誉。
(3)★★★
用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋from＋(doing)
sth.”结构的常见动词有：
prevent
阻止 stop
阻止 keep
阻止
protect
保护
preserve
保护；保存
defend
保卫
ban
禁止
prohibit
阻止；禁止
shelter
保护
·You
need
warm
clothes
to
protect
yourself
from
the
cold.
你需要穿暖些，以免着凉。
2．常考的动词短语
remind
sb.
of
sth.
提醒某人某事
result
from
由……造成，因……而产生
call
at
访问(某地)
add
to
增加
call
for
要求；需要
care
about
关心
end
up
with
以……结束
fix
one's
eyes
on
注视
give
in
屈服；上交
get
rid
of
免除；摆脱
look
down
on/upon
轻视；看不起
make
use
of
利用
run
out
of
用完
take
pride
in
因……而自豪
live
up
to
不辜负
come
up
with
提出
take
on
呈现
put
forward
提出
put
up
with
忍受
make
fun
of
取笑
adapt
to
适应
refer
to
涉及；查阅；指的是
come
across
(偶然)遇见
pick
up
捡起；用车接(某人)；接收；
偶然习得
(单句填空)
7．Most
of
us
are
more
focused
________
our
tasks
in
the
morning
than
we
are
later
in
the
day.
8．But
my
connection
with
pandas
goes
back
________
my
days
on
a
TV
show
in
the
mid－1980s.
【
技巧】
▲语法填空解题技法练习
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．Kate
heard
a
man's
voice
in
the
background,
but
she
couldn't
make
________
what
he
was
saying.
2．We
are
determined
that
our
training
should
keep
pace
_______
the
current
development
in
education.
3．The
captain
of
the
ship
was
advised
to
turn
back
due
a
sudden
heavy
storm.
4．Since
its
birth,
the
computer
has
been
designed
to
serve
the
human
race
and
provide
humans
________
a
life
of
high
quality.
5．They
have
applied
speech
and
image
recognition
technologies
________
apps
and
other
smartphone
services
to
guide
Shanghai
residents
through
the
garbage?separation.
Ⅱ.易错练习
1．Favorable
policies
are
________
effect
to
encourage
employees'
professional
development.
2．________
all
the
problems,
several
of
the
players
produced
excellent
performances.
3．Mrs.
Roundy
ran
into
a
dozen
middle?aged
women
dancing
________
the
tunes
of
Chinese
songs
in
2012.
4．The
research
might
seem
ridiculous
________
first
sight,
but
that
doesn't
mean
it
lacks
scientific
value.
5．In
Chinese
cuisine,
tomatoes
are
frequently
used
as
a
garnish
(装饰菜),
adding
a
refreshing
sour?sweet
flavor
________
meaty
dishes.
III.语篇提能
When
Sarasota
students
took
bite
of
a
freshly
picked
watermelon
or
mango,
they
knew
the
fruit
came
from
a
five?acre
farm
right
in
Sarasota
instead
of
thousands
of
miles
away,
(fresh)
and
more
nutritional.
The
Sarasota
Farm
to
School
program
is
(actual)
part
of
an
initiative
(倡议)
headed
by
the
Florida
Department
of
Agriculture
and
Consumer
Services,
(plan)
to
increase
Florida?based
produce
served
in
schools
and
offer
healthier
choices
to
students.
In
addition
to
nutritional
value
it
offers,
the
program
is
(education)
as
well,
allowing
students
to
get
involved
in
the
agricultural
side
of
working
in
the
gardens.
Students
from
the
program
come
out
each
Monday
(harvest)
crops
that
will
eventually
go
to
67
Sarasota
County
cafeterias.
The
farm
is
crowded
various
kinds
of
fruits,
squash,
sunflowers
and
corn.
For
now,
the
farm
is
in
its
first
growing
season.
Crops
that
(grow)
in
May
are
just
starting
to
be
harvested.
Outside
of
the
farm,
students
are
engaging
in
(参与)
some
taste
tests
with
they
get
from
the
gardens.
It's
through
these
tasting
sessions
that
either
a
student
or
a
farmer
can
get
some
(inform)
about
what
crops
should
populate
the
farm.
【
能力】
一、单项选择
1.
Were
the
men
they
noticed
some
recruited
for
the
navy?
A.
the
ones
B.
who
C.
of
whom
D.
/
2.
It
is
clear
that
no
use
can
be
made
_________
radium
_________
we
don’t
know
clearly
its
characteristics.
A.
from;
if
B.
of;
unless
C.
from;
unless
D.
of;
if
3.
The
manager
and
general
engineer
is
very
strict
________
his
employees
and
_________
his
work
as
well.
A.
with;
in
B.
for;
in
C.
in;
with
D.
in;
in
4.
The
finder
of
a
wallet
who
takes
it
home
may
be
guilty
________
a
theft.
A.
for
B.
in
C.
at
D.
of
5.
—What
else
do
you
like
doing
in
your
free
time
____________
dancing?
—Swimming
and
playing
chess.
A.
besides
B.
except
C.
beside
D.
except
for
6.
The
magician
picked
several
persons
______
from
the
audience
and
asked
them
to
help
with
his
performance.
A.
on
average
B.
on
the
whole
C.
at
random
D.
in
general
7.
---Can
you
shoot
that
bird
at
the
top
of
the
tree?
---No,
it's
out
of________.
A.
range
B.
reach
C.
control
D.
distance
8.
his
devotion
and
reliability,
he
was
put
of
the
whole
department.
A.
As
well
as;
in
relief
B.
Because
of;
in
charge
C.
Because;
in
trouble
D.
In
addition
to;
in
search
9.
_________his
misfortune,
Steven
Hawking
set
an
example
to
the
whole
world,
showing
his
determination
to
overcome
any
hardship.
A.
In
favour
of
B.
In
charge
of
C.
In
spite
of
D.
In
danger
of
10.
Opinions
on
family
education
are
divided,
but
most
people
tend
to
approve
_______this.
Only
those
parents
________
in
their
children's
growth
are
considered
to
be
qualified.
A.
with;
involved
B.
of;
involving
C.
with;
involving
D.
of;
involved
11.
_________our
school,
I
am
writing
this
letter
to
cordially
extend
my
invitation
to
alumni
(校友)
from
all
over
the
world
to
participate
in
this
grand
festival
with
us.
A.
Instead
of
B.
In
place
of
C.
In
exchange
for
D.
On
behalf
of
12.
Among
the
various
books
concerning
calligraphy,
I
like
Introduction
to
Calligraphy_________,
which
is
highly
thought
of
by
calligraphy
fans.
A.
in
fact
B.
in
contrast
C.
in
particular
D.
in
addition
13.
Doctor
Green
went
on
with
his
experiment
on
human
being,
______
the
debate
going
on
around
him.
A.
thanks
to
B.
despite
C.
due
to
D.
but
for
14.
The
competition
was
held
by
our
school
______
encouraging
young
writers.
Many
students
showed
great
interest
in
it.
A.
in
view
of
B.
on
the
basis
of
C.
with
the
aim
of
D.
in
contact
with
15.
Let’s
make
joint
efforts
to
protect
the
environment
and
live
________
nature.
A.
in
contrast
to
B.
in
memory
of
C.
in
harmony
with
D.
in
control
of
16.
This
is
the
very
person
whom
this
watch
______.
A.
is
said
to
belong
B.
belongs
to
C.
is
belonged
to
D.
is
said
17.
What
is
harder
to
is
whether
the
productivity
revolution
that
businessmen
assume
they
are
taking
charge
of
is
for
real.
A.
establish
B.
facilitate
C.
impress
D.
recommend
18.
Always
acting
in
a
strange
way,
Einstein
must
have
to
people
around
to
be
mad.
A.
shown
B.
imagined
C.
appeared
D.
thought
19.
—
Why
did
you
come
so
late
for
work?
—
I
was
for
20
minutes
on
the
way
here
in
the
traffic
jam.
A.
held
up
B.
put
up
C.
taken
up
D.
stayed
up
20.
Good
writers
always
________
an
outline
before
writing
an
article.
A.
give
out
B.
try
out
C.
hand
out
D.
work
out
21.
When
I
got
home,
I
found
the
door
open.
A
terrible
thought
________
me
that
someone
broke
into
my
house.
A.
struck
B.
swept
C.
affected
D.
flooded
22.
We
stop
at
home,
surf
the
web
but
at
the
same
time
we
are
feeling
increasingly
________
from
each
other
than
other
time
in
human
history.
A.
cut
down
B.
cut
off
C.
cut
out
D.
cut
in
23.
Without
the
Internet,
they
found
themselves
______
from
the
outside
world.
A.
cut
off
B.
cutting
off
C.
cut
up
D.
cutting
up
24.
They
are
good
books
for
those
who
like
to
________
challenging
problems.
A.
register
with
B.
wrestle
with
C.
strike
on
D.
count
on
25.
Basketball
is
a
game
of
rules
that
you
must
________
for
the
good
of
the
team,
and
Boy
21
is
already
not
playing
by
the
rules.
A.
apply
to
B.
submit
to
C.
object
to
D.
contribute
to
26.
In
Singapore,
a
southern
Asian
country,
the
Chinese?_________?the
largest
percentage
of
its
population,
so
you
can
speak
Chinese
there.
A.
make
up
B.
take
up
C.
hold
up
D.
turn
up
27.
Beth
_______
her
coat
with
red
buttons
on
it
at
the
Lost
and
Found.
A.
proved
B.
claimed
C.
identified
D.
sorted
28.
I
trust
the
historian
completely.
His
description
of
these
events
________
other
accounts
written
at
the
time.
A.
subscribes
to
B.
attends
to
C.
relates
to
D.
corresponds
to
29.
Henry
________
himself
by
winning
two
gold
medals
in
the
Olympic
Games.
A.
acknowledged
B.
confirmed
C.
distinguished
D.
ranked
30.
A
young
man
from
a
wealthy
family
graduated
from
Beijing
University
and
got
a
job
as
a
pork
seller,
which________
a
public
heated
debate.
A.
set
off
B.
set
about
C.
set
out
D.
set
aside
31.
In
general,
comments
sections
on
the
web
tend
to
be
________
with
insults
and
attacks,
while
adding
little
of
substance
to
the
debate.
A.
leveled
B.
furnished
C.
blessed
D.
filled
32.
The
reason
why
involved
fathers
help
kids,
of
course,
is
that
families
often
________
better
when
two
parents
are
working
as
a
team
to
give
children
what
they
need,
supporting
each
other’s
efforts.
A.
function
B.
mention
C.
leak
D.
litter
33.
As
schools
struggle
to
survive
on
smaller
budgets,
the
data
will
certainly
________
the
ongoing
debate
over
whether
physical
education
classes
should
be
cut.
A.
feed
B.
fuel
C.
hit
D.
illustrate
34.
Biden
announced
that
on
his
first
day
as
president
he
would
________
a
series
of
Trump’s
administrative
orders
and
rejoin
the
WHO
and
restore
their
leadership
on
the
world
stage.
A.
get
off
with
B.
get
away
with
C.
come
out
with
D.
do
away
with
35.
My
little
brother
is
not
old
enough
to
____________
himself.
A.
wear
B.
put
on
C.
have
on
D.
dress
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
36.
In______（anticipate）
of
bad
weather
they
take
plenty
of
warm
clothes.
37.
We’d
better
take
a
plane
bound______China.
38.
He
realised
that
most
of
his
mistakes
arose______his
nervousness
in
the
exam.（用适当词填空）
39.
The
course
normally
attracts
about
100
students
per
year,
of
whom
up__________half
will
be
from
abroad.
40.
Thus,
the
keyboard
can
determine
people's
identities,
and
by
extension,
whether
they
should
be
given
access
to
the
computer
it's
connected
to—regardless__________whether
someone
gets
the
password
right.
41.
It
is
up___________you
to
settle
the
prior
misunderstanding
between
us.
42.
I'm
afraid
the
other
kids
will
laugh__________me
because
I
don't
understand.
43.
He
played
a
joke__________me
by
pretending
he
had
lost
the
tickets.
44.
Some
understanding
of
grammar
is
fundamental________learning
a
language.
45.
Kelly
loved
her
husband_________spite
of
the
fact
that
he
sometimes
drank
too
much.
三、语法填空
1
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1
个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Different
countries
have
wildly
different
forms
of
greeting.
In
the
USA,
when
you
pass
by
someone
you
know,
a
nod
is
acceptable,
and
you
usually
shake
hands
with
someone
you
first
meet.
But
in
Latin
countries,
a
firm
handshake46.
(consider)
rude.
In
my
home
country,
Mauritius,
when
people
meet,
they
usually
kiss
each
other
47.
the
cheeks.
This
is
also
common
in
France,
48.
the
act
is
called
faire
la
bise.
However,
this
is
not
49.
universal
rule.
During
my
first
week
in
the
USA,
I
kissed
every
single
girl
I
met.
My
friends
had
to
tell
me
that
that
was
inappropriate,50.
(leave)
me
in
great
embarrassment.
What
is
common
here,
however,
is
for
friends51.
(hug)
each
other
–
something
I
was
not
used
to.
Hugs
always
make
me
52.
(frighten)
because
I
don’t
really
like
that.
This
may
seem
strange
since
even
kissing
53.
(stranger)
is
normal
in
my
country.
Now
that
I
think
about
it,
I
hate
cheek-kissing
as
well.
Wouldn’t
it
be
54.
(enjoy)
to
have
a
greeting
code
that
is
55.
(wide)
acceptable?
I’m
not
saying
we
should
start
doing
that,
but
we
can
surely
do
something
to
avoid
misunderstanding.
2
Red
envelopes
have
played
56.
important
part
in
Chinese
New
Year
for
as
long
as
anyone
can
remember.
So
what’s
the
story
behind
the
red
envelopes
during
Chinese
New
Year?
One
popular
story
57.
(date)
back
to
the
Qin
Dynasty,
when
the
elderly
would
thread
coins
onto
a
red
string.
This
money
58.
(call)
yasui
qian
in
Chinese,
meaning
“
money
protecting
oneself
from
evil
spirits
”
,
and
was
believed
to
protect
elder
people
from
sickness
and
59.
(die).
As
the
printing
press
became
more
common,
the
yasui
qian
was
replaced
60.
red
envelopes.
Another
legend
tells
of
a
village
61.
a
demon
(恶魔)would
terrorize
children
at
night.
It
was
believed
that
the
demon
would
touch
the
children’s
heads
while
they
were
asleep,
62.
(cause)
serious
illness.
From
there,
a
theory
emerged
that
when
they
prayed,
the
god
would
send
eight
fairies
to
protect
the
child.
The
fairies
would
disguise(伪装)
63.
(they)
as
eight
coins
and
hide
under
the
child’s
pillow.
When
the
demon
got
close,
the
coins
would
begin
to
shine
very
64.
(bright)
,
blinding
the
demon.
Word
began
to
spread
and
the
villagers
started
giving
red
envelopes
65.
(fill)
with
coins
to
each
other
to
put
under
their
pillows
at
night.
As
time
passed,
red
envelopes
became
a
way
to
bring
good
luck
and
prosperity
to
the
receiver.2021届高考二轮英语语法专训
08.介词(短语)和动词短语
重点一
常考介词★★★★★
1.表时间和方位的介词
用 法
表示时间的介词
at,
in,
on
①at表示时间点；②in表示时间段，与表示较长一段时间的词搭配；③on表示在特定的日子、具体的日期、星期几、具体的某一天或某些节日；也可表示在具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上。
in,
after
两者后均可接时间段，表示“在……之后”，但“in＋时间段”常与将来时连用，“after＋时间段”常与过去时连用。
for,
since,
from
①“for＋时间段”表示某行为或状态持续了多久；②“since＋时间点”强调自过去某时延续至今的一段时间；③“from＋时间点”只表示行为或状态的起始点。
before,by
before与by都可表示“在……之前”，但by表示“不迟于某时”，包括某时在内。
用 法
表示方位的介词
on,
above,
over
①on指在某物的表面上，其反义词是beneath；②above指离开物体表面而在其上方，不一定是垂直向上，其反义词是below；③over
指离开物体表面而在其正上方，其反义词是under。(注意：over还可以表示期间；一边一边)
across,
through,
past,
over,
along，by,
beside
①across指从一平面上“横穿”或“在……对面”；②through指从人群或物体内部“穿过，贯穿”；③past表示动态的动作发生在某人/某物的旁边；④over表示从上方越过；⑤along表示“沿着”；⑥by与beside均表示“在……旁边”，by含有“倚，凭靠”的意思，
beside指两者位置关系。
at,
in,
on
at后接较小的地方或门牌号码；in后接较大的地方；
on一般指与面或线接触。
in,
on,
to,
off
in表示在某一范围之内；on表示与某一地区“毗邻，接壤”；to表示在某范围之外；off表示“(时空上)离，距”。
(1)在以下短语中，at用于表示时间段的名词前。
at
dinner
time
在(吃)晚饭时
at
weekends/the
weekend
在周末
(2)当时间名词前有this、
that、
last、
next、
every、
each、
some等词修饰时，通常不用任何介词。
this
morning
今天上午
last
year
去年
(3)“on＋名词或动名词”结构可以表示“一……就……”。
·On
my
arrival/arriving
home,
I
discovered
they
had
gone.
我一到家就发现他们已经离开了。
2．其他介词
介词
用法
against
反对，违背，与……相反；触；碰撞；紧靠，倚靠；与……竞争，对阵；以……为背景
at
①用在表示某地点、场合、方位等的名词前；②用在表示时刻、钟点、期间、……岁、时节等的名词前；③以，按(价格、速度、数量等)；④朝、向、对着某人/某物的方向。
beyond
(指程度)深于；(指范围)超出；(指可能性、理解力、能力等)非……可及；(时间)晚于
by
(时间)不迟于，在……之前；常用于结构“by＋the＋单数名词”表示“按……计算”；(表示程度、数量)相差；经过，经由；通过(某种方法、手段)
for
①(表示目的或功能)为了；②(表示对象或用途)给，对；③(表示原因)因为，由于；④(表示时间、距离、数量)达，计；⑤支持，赞成；⑥至于，关于，就……而言；⑦(表示去向)往，向；⑧(表示陈述或问题的对象)
in
①(表示地点、场所、位置等)在……里面；在……内；②(表示时间)在……期间；在(一段时间)以内；在……之后；③(表示某人或某物的状态、情况)处于……中；④关于；在……方面
on
①(表示接触或由某一表面支撑着)在……上；②(表示时间)在……时候；③关于，有关；④借助于，通过……，以……方式
with
和……一起，和，同，跟；(伴)随着；具有，带有；由于，因为；(表示方式)用
(单句填空)
1．(2019·浙江高考)The
answer
________
this
question
is
not
clear.
答案与解析 to the
key/answer
to
...表示“……的答案”，是固定搭配。故填to。
2．(2018·浙江高考)If
you
are
not
going
to
suffer
this
problem,
then
I
suggest
that
the
next
time
you
go
to
your
mum's
home
________
dinner,
get
a
few
cooking
tips
from
her.
答案与解析 for 句意：如果你不想遭遇这样的问题，那么我建议下次你去你母亲那里吃饭的时候，从她那里获取一些做饭方面的建议。根据语境可知设空处表“为了”之意，应用介词for表目的。
3．(2018·浙江高考)One
cup
of
coffee
________
the
late
afternoon
or
evening
will
cause
them
to
stay
awake
almost
all
night.
答案与解析 in 句意：在傍晚或晚上喝一杯咖啡会导致他们几乎整夜失眠。in
the
late
afternoon
or
evening
“在傍晚或晚上”，
故填介词in。
4．(全国卷Ⅰ)Chopsticks
are
not
used
everywhere
in
Asia.
In
India,
for
example,
most
people
traditionally
eat
their
hands.
答案与解析 with 句意：在亚洲，并非每个地方都用筷子。比如，在印度，大多数人还是按照传统用手吃饭。介词with表“用；使用”时，表示使用某种工具或人的某一身体部位，如用嘴巴、耳朵、眼睛等。
重点二
介词短语★★★★★
1.at＋名词
at
a
loss 不知所措 at
dinner 在吃晚餐
at
peace
处于和平状态
at
dawn
在黎明
at
war
在战争中
at
work
在工作
2．其他高频介词短语
against
time
争分夺秒
at
the
sight
of
一看到……
at
the
age
of
在……岁时
in
(the)
face
of
面对；面临
in
addition
(to)
另外；除了
in
case
of
万一
in
charge
of
负责；主管
in
favour
of
赞成；支持
in
need
of
需要
in
no
time
立刻
in
a
hurry
匆忙
in
preparation
for
为……做准备
in
return
for
作为回报
of
help/use
有帮助的/有用的
of
importance
重要的
on
behalf
of
代表
3．by＋名词
by
accident 偶然地 by
chance 偶然地
by
force
用暴力
by
hand
手工地
by
mistake
错误地
by
the
month
按月算
4．beyond＋名词
beyond
comparison 无与伦比
beyond
control
失控
beyond
description
难以描述
beyond
doubt
毋庸置疑
beyond
expression
难以表达
beyond
(one's)
reach
够不到
5．in＋名词
in
bed 在床上 in
danger 处于危险中
in
debt
负债
in
difficulty
处于困难中
in
high
spirits
情绪高昂
in
need
处于困难中
in
order
整齐；井然有序
in
surprise
吃惊地
in
trouble
在困难中
in
use
使用中
6．on＋名词
on
a
trip
在旅行 on
business 出差
on
display/show
在展出
on
duty
在值班
on
holiday/vacation
在度假
on
sale
在出售
on
strike
在罢工
on
the
way
在途中
7．out
of＋名词
out
of
balance
失去平衡 out
of
control 失去控制
out
of
danger
脱离危险
out
of
date
过期
out
of
order
出故障
out
of
work
失业
8．under＋名词
under
consideration
在考虑中
under
construction
在建造中
under
control
在控制之下
under
discussion
在讨论中
under
pressure
在压力下
under
repair
在修理中
under
treatment
在治疗中
(单句填空)
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)It
ran
for
just
under
seven
kilometers
and
allowed
people
to
avoid
terrible
crowds
on
the
roads
above
as
they
travelled
to
and
________
work.
答案与解析 from 句意：地铁仅在7千米以下运行，允许人们在上下班时避开路上拥挤的人群。此处是指“当他们来回上下班时”。学生平时多用from
...
to
...连接起始点，而本题涉及同一个地点，表示“往返”，一些学生由于没有掌握to和from的用法而误填其他介词。
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)After
school
she
plans
to
take
a
year
off
to
model
full－time
before
going
to
university
to
get
a
degree
________
engineering
or
architecture.
答案与解析 in 句意：在上大学获取工程学或建筑学方面的学位前，她计划毕业后休学一年做全职模特。此处表示得到一个在工程学或者建筑学方面的学位。此处考查in的本意“在……方面”。学生可能会误用on和about，这两个介词本意为“关于……”。degree_in“在某方面的学位”。
重点三
动词短语★★★★★
1.常考动词的固定结构和搭配
(1)★★★用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋of＋sth.”结构的常见动词有：
accuse
控告 cheat
欺骗 cure
治愈 inform
通知
remind
使想起
rob
抢劫
warn
警告
rid
使摆脱
suspect
怀疑
persuade
说服
convince
使信服
·You
need
to
convince
them
of
your
enthusiasm
for
the
job.
你要使他们相信你对这份工作的热情。
(2)★★★用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋for＋sth.”结构的常见动词有：
blame
责备 criticize
批评forgive
原谅excuse
原谅
pardon
原谅
punish
惩罚
scold
责备
thank
感谢
praise
赞扬
respect
尊重
admire
钦佩；赞赏
·The
school
is
widely
admired
for
its
excellent
teaching.
这所学校教学优秀，广受赞誉。
(3)★★★
用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋from＋(doing)
sth.”结构的常见动词有：
prevent
阻止 stop
阻止 keep
阻止
protect
保护
preserve
保护；保存
defend
保卫
ban
禁止
prohibit
阻止；禁止
shelter
保护
·You
need
warm
clothes
to
protect
yourself
from
the
cold.
你需要穿暖些，以免着凉。
2．常考的动词短语
remind
sb.
of
sth.
提醒某人某事
result
from
由……造成，因……而产生
call
at
访问(某地)
add
to
增加
call
for
要求；需要
care
about
关心
end
up
with
以……结束
fix
one's
eyes
on
注视
give
in
屈服；上交
get
rid
of
免除；摆脱
look
down
on/upon
轻视；看不起
make
use
of
利用
run
out
of
用完
take
pride
in
因……而自豪
live
up
to
不辜负
come
up
with
提出
take
on
呈现
put
forward
提出
put
up
with
忍受
make
fun
of
取笑
adapt
to
适应
refer
to
涉及；查阅；指的是
come
across
(偶然)遇见
pick
up
捡起；用车接(某人)；接收；
偶然习得
(单句填空)
7．Most
of
us
are
more
focused
________
our
tasks
in
the
morning
than
we
are
later
in
the
day.
答案与解析 on 句意：我们大多数人早晨比一天中晚些时候更集中注意力于我们的工作。be_focused_on“集中于……”。
8．But
my
connection
with
pandas
goes
back
________
my
days
on
a
TV
show
in
the
mid－1980s.
答案与解析 to 句意：我与熊猫的关系要追溯到20世纪80年代中期，我拍一个电视节目的时候。go_back_to“追溯到；回溯到”。
【
技巧】
▲语法填空解题技法练习
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．Kate
heard
a
man's
voice
in
the
background,
but
she
couldn't
make
________
what
he
was
saying.
答案与解析 out 根据but可推知，凯特应该是听不清。故此处是动词短语make
out“辨认出，理解，了解”，
故填out。
2．We
are
determined
that
our
training
should
keep
pace
_______
the
current
development
in
education.
答案与解析 with 句意：我们决心使我们的培训跟上当前教育的发展。根据句意及设空前的keep
pace可知，此处是固定短语keep
pace
with
“与……保持同步”，
故填介词with。
3．The
captain
of
the
ship
was
advised
to
turn
back
due
a
sudden
heavy
storm.
答案与解析 to 句意：由于突然来了一场暴风雨，船长被建议返航。根据语境和设空前的due可知，此处是介词短语due
to“由于”。
4．Since
its
birth,
the
computer
has
been
designed
to
serve
the
human
race
and
provide
humans
________
a
life
of
high
quality.
答案与解析 with 句意：自诞生以来，计算机就被用来服务于人类并为人类提供高质量的生活。provide
sb.
with
sth.
“给某人提供某物”。
5．They
have
applied
speech
and
image
recognition
technologies
________
apps
and
other
smartphone
services
to
guide
Shanghai
residents
through
the
garbage?separation.
答案与解析 to 句意：他们将语音和图像识别技术应用到应用程序和其他智能手机服务中，以指导上海居民完成垃圾分类。apply
...
to
...意为“把……应用于……”。
Ⅱ.易错练习
1．Favorable
policies
are
________
effect
to
encourage
employees'
professional
development.
答案与解析 in 句意：优惠政策事实上都会鼓励员工专业水平的提升。in
effect
“实际上，事实上”。
2．________
all
the
problems,
several
of
the
players
produced
excellent
performances.
答案与解析 Despite 句意：尽管存在所有这些问题，几个运动员还是表现很好。设空后是名词短语all
the
problems,
故设空处应填介词
despite
“尽管，不管”。
3．Mrs.
Roundy
ran
into
a
dozen
middle?aged
women
dancing
________
the
tunes
of
Chinese
songs
in
2012.
答案与解析 to 句意：2012年，Roundy夫人偶遇了十几位随着中国歌曲的旋律跳舞的中年妇女。此处应用to，表示“伴随，随同”，dance
to意为“伴随着……起舞”。
4．The
research
might
seem
ridiculous
________
first
sight,
but
that
doesn't
mean
it
lacks
scientific
value.
答案与解析 at 句意：乍一看，这项研究似乎很荒谬，但这并不意味着它缺乏科学价值。at
first
sight为固定搭配，意为“乍一看”。
5．In
Chinese
cuisine,
tomatoes
are
frequently
used
as
a
garnish
(装饰菜),
adding
a
refreshing
sour?sweet
flavor
________
meaty
dishes.
答案与解析 to 句意：在中式烹饪中，西红柿经常被用作装饰菜，给含肉多的菜肴增添一种清新的酸甜口味。add
...
to
...“将……加入……”。
III.语篇提能
When
Sarasota
students
took
bite
of
a
freshly
picked
watermelon
or
mango,
they
knew
the
fruit
came
from
a
five?acre
farm
right
in
Sarasota
instead
of
thousands
of
miles
away,
(fresh)
and
more
nutritional.
The
Sarasota
Farm
to
School
program
is
(actual)
part
of
an
initiative
(倡议)
headed
by
the
Florida
Department
of
Agriculture
and
Consumer
Services,
(plan)
to
increase
Florida?based
produce
served
in
schools
and
offer
healthier
choices
to
students.
In
addition
to
nutritional
value
it
offers,
the
program
is
(education)
as
well,
allowing
students
to
get
involved
in
the
agricultural
side
of
working
in
the
gardens.
Students
from
the
program
come
out
each
Monday
(harvest)
crops
that
will
eventually
go
to
67
Sarasota
County
cafeterias.
The
farm
is
crowded
various
kinds
of
fruits,
squash,
sunflowers
and
corn.
For
now,
the
farm
is
in
its
first
growing
season.
Crops
that
(grow)
in
May
are
just
starting
to
be
harvested.
Outside
of
the
farm,
students
are
engaging
in
(参与)
some
taste
tests
with
they
get
from
the
gardens.
It's
through
these
tasting
sessions
that
either
a
student
or
a
farmer
can
get
some
(inform)
about
what
crops
should
populate
the
farm.
答案与解析
1．a
考查冠词。此处bite是可数名词，表示“(咬下的)一口”。根据语境可知，此处表示泛指，故填不定冠词a。
2．Fresher
考查比较级。根据语境“更新鲜更有营养”和空后的“and
more
nutritional”可知，空处填所给词的比较级形式。
3．Actually
考查词形转换。此处修饰整个句子，故用副词actually做状语，表示“事实上”。
4．Planning
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处做伴随状语，故用非谓语动词。plan
“计划”与句子主语program是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词做伴随状语。注意：不要受前面做定语的过去分词短语的影响而误以为此处也要填过去分词。
5．Educational
考查词形转换。上文提到这个项目提供nutritional
value，此处描述的是它的教育价值，故空处应该填跟nutritional一样词性的形容词。educational
“教育的，具有教育意义的”。
6．to
harvest
考查非谓语动词。空处做目的状语，故用不定式。此处harvest是动词，表示“收割(庄稼)”。
7．with'考查介词。根据be
crowded
with
“充满”短语可知，空处应该填介词with。
8．were
grown
考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句修饰主句主语Crops。根据从句中的时间状语“in
May”和主句中的“are
just
starting
to
be
harvested”可知，从句表示过去种植的庄稼，故用一般过去时；定语从句主语that与grow是被动关系，故用被动语态；且that指代前面的Crops，故从句谓语动词用复数形式。
9．What
考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导从句做介词with的宾语；再结合语境“用他们从花园收获的东西”可知，应填what表示“……的事物”。
10．Information
考查词形转换。根据空前的“get
some”和空后的about可知，此处填所给词的名词形式information。
【
能力】
一、单项选择
1.
Were
the
men
they
noticed
some
recruited
for
the
navy?
A.
the
ones
B.
who
C.
of
whom
D.
/
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们注意到的那些人中有人被招进海军吗？分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the
men，与从句中的some是所属关系，还原从句为：they
noticed
some
of
the
men
recruited
for
the
navy，指人，作宾语用关系代词whom，故选C。
2.
It
is
clear
that
no
use
can
be
made
_________
radium
_________
we
don’t
know
clearly
its
characteristics.
A.
from;
if
B.
of;
unless
C.
from;
unless
D.
of;
if
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配与状语从句。句意：很明显，如果我们不清楚镭的特性，就不能利用它。由句意可知第一空表示“利用”，固定短语be
made
of
表示“......被利用”符合句意；分析句子结构结合句意可知，第二空引导一个条件状语从句，由句意以及肯定句式可知，应用if(如果)引导该从句。故选D项。
3.
The
manager
and
general
engineer
is
very
strict
________
his
employees
and
_________
his
work
as
well.
A.
with;
in
B.
for;
in
C.
in;
with
D.
in;
in
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：经理兼总工程师对员工要求很严格，对工作也很严格。固定短语be
strict
with
sb表示“对某人严格”；固定短语be
strict
in
sth表示“对某事严格”，第一空宾语为人，需填入with，第二空宾语为物，需填入in，故选A项。
4.
The
finder
of
a
wallet
who
takes
it
home
may
be
guilty
________
a
theft.
A.
for
B.
in
C.
at
D.
of
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词。句意：拾到钱包并把它带回家的人可能犯了盗窃罪。A.
for为了；B.
in在……里面；C.
at在；D.
of关于。be
guilty
of
犯有……罪。根据“The
finder
of
a
wallet
who
takes
it
home”可知，拾到钱包带回家可能犯有盗窃罪。故选D。
5.
—What
else
do
you
like
doing
in
your
free
time
____________
dancing?
—Swimming
and
playing
chess.
A.
besides
B.
except
C.
beside
D.
except
for
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词词义辨析。句意：——除了跳舞，在你的空闲时间你还喜欢做别的什么事情？——游泳和下棋。A.besides除了……还有；B.except把……排除在外；C.beside在……旁边；D.except
for除去总体中的例外情况。根据句意，此处表示除了跳舞之外还有其它什么爱好，跳舞是包含在内的。故选A项。
6.
The
magician
picked
several
persons
______
from
the
audience
and
asked
them
to
help
with
his
performance.
A.
on
average
B.
on
the
whole
C.
at
random
D.
in
general
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：魔术师从观众中随机挑选了几个人，请他们帮助他表演。A.
on
average平均；B.
on
the
whole基本上。C.
at
random随机；D.
in
general大体上。结合语境，此处表示魔术师找观众表演，应该是随机挑选的，C项符合句意，故选C项。
7.
---Can
you
shoot
that
bird
at
the
top
of
the
tree?
---No,
it's
out
of________.
A.
range
B.
reach
C.
control
D.
distance
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你能射中树顶上的那只鸟吗？——不能，它在射程之外了。根据回答中的否定词“No”可知，无法射中，因为鸟已经超出射程之内了。A项out
of
range意为“在射程之外”；B项out
of
reach意为“够不到”；C项out
of
control意为“失控”；D项out
of
distance意为“在距离之外，达不到”。故选A。
8.
his
devotion
and
reliability,
he
was
put
of
the
whole
department.
A.
As
well
as;
in
relief
B.
Because
of;
in
charge
C.
Because;
in
trouble
D.
In
addition
to;
in
search
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：由于他的忠诚和可靠，他被任命为整个部门的负责人。分析句子可知，his
devotion
and
reliability是原因状语，使用引导原因状语的固定搭配Because
of意为“由于”。in
charge
of是固定搭配意为“负责”，符合本句语境。故选B项。
9.
_________his
misfortune,
Steven
Hawking
set
an
example
to
the
whole
world,
showing
his
determination
to
overcome
any
hardship.
A.
In
favour
of
B.
In
charge
of
C.
In
spite
of
D.
In
danger
of
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:尽管史蒂芬·霍金很不幸，但他给全世界树立了一个榜样，展示了他克服任何困难的决心。A.
In
favour
of支持，赞成；B.
In
charge
of负责；C.
In
spite
of尽管；D.
In
danger
of处于……危险中。由语意可知，后文为对前文的转折，应用表示让步转折意义的短语。故选C项。
10.
Opinions
on
family
education
are
divided,
but
most
people
tend
to
approve
_______this.
Only
those
parents
________
in
their
children's
growth
are
considered
to
be
qualified.
A.
with;
involved
B.
of;
involving
C.
with;
involving
D.
of;
involved
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：关于家庭教育的观念有很多分歧，但是大多数人会倾向于同意下面这个事情。那就是只有那些参与到孩子成长过程中的父母，才被认为是合格的。第一个空考查固定短语，approve
of表示赞同，同意。短语be
involved
in
“参与，被卷入，被牵连”，分析可知，第二空需要过去分词短语involved
in
作parents
的后置定语。故选D。
11.
_________our
school,
I
am
writing
this
letter
to
cordially
extend
my
invitation
to
alumni
(校友)
from
all
over
the
world
to
participate
in
this
grand
festival
with
us.
A.
Instead
of
B.
In
place
of
C.
In
exchange
for
D.
On
behalf
of
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：
我谨代表我们学校写这封信，诚挚地邀请世界各地的校友与我们一起参加这个盛大的节日。A.
Instead
of而不是；B.
In
place
of
代替；C.
In
exchange
for作为······的交换；D.
On
behalf
of代表。根据句意可知，我代表我们学校写信，诚挚地邀请世界各地的校友与我们一起参加这个盛大的节日。故选D项。
12.
Among
the
various
books
concerning
calligraphy,
I
like
Introduction
to
Calligraphy_________,
which
is
highly
thought
of
by
calligraphy
fans.
A.
in
fact
B.
in
contrast
C.
in
particular
D.
in
addition
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：在各种书法书籍中，我尤其喜欢《书法概论》，深受书迷的好评。A.
in
fact实际上；B.
in
contrast相反；C.
in
particular尤其，特别；D.
in
addition此外。根据上文“Among
the
various
books
concerning
calligraphy,
I
like
Introduction
to
Calligraphy”可知在各种书法书籍中，尤其喜欢《书法概论》，应用in
particular。故选C。
13.
Doctor
Green
went
on
with
his
experiment
on
human
being,
______
the
debate
going
on
around
him.
A.
thanks
to
B.
despite
C.
due
to
D.
but
for
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词及固定短语词义辨析。句意：格林医生继续进行他的人体实验，尽管围绕他的争论仍在继续。A.
thanks
to幸亏；B.
despite尽管；C.
due
to
由于；D.
but
for要不是，倘若没有。后文“the
debate
going
on
around
him”和前文“Doctor
Green
went
on
with
his
experiment
on
human
being”之间语义是转折关系，故用介词despite“尽管”，符合句意。故选B项。
14.
The
competition
was
held
by
our
school
______
encouraging
young
writers.
Many
students
showed
great
interest
in
it.
A.
in
view
of
B.
on
the
basis
of
C.
with
the
aim
of
D.
in
contact
with
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们学校举办这个比赛，目的是鼓励年轻作家。许多学生都对它产生了兴趣。A.in
view
of
就......而言；B.on
the
basis
of
以......为基础；C.with
the
aim
of带有......的目的；D.in
contact
with和......有联系。根据句意，空后面部分应该是前面“学校举办比赛”的目的。故选C。
15.
Let’s
make
joint
efforts
to
protect
the
environment
and
live
________
nature.
A.
in
contrast
to
B.
in
memory
of
C.
in
harmony
with
D.
in
control
of
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：让我们共同努力，保护环境，与自然和谐相处。A.
in
contrast
to与……形成对照；B.
in
memory
of纪念……；C.
in
harmony
with与……协调；D.
in
control
of控制。根据前后文“live
________
nature”指与自然和谐相处，in
harmony
with符合语境。故选C。
16.
This
is
the
very
person
whom
this
watch
______.
A.
is
said
to
belong
B.
belongs
to
C.
is
belonged
to
D.
is
said
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语和一般现在时。句意：这就是这块表的主人。动词短语：belong
to“属于”，没有被动语态；whom引导的定语从句是一般现在时，且主语是this
watch，第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用单数，be
said
to
do
sth.“据说做某事”不符合题意。故选B。
17.
What
is
harder
to
is
whether
the
productivity
revolution
that
businessmen
assume
they
are
taking
charge
of
is
for
real.
A.
establish
B.
facilitate
C.
impress
D.
recommend
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：更难以确定的是，商人们自认为他们正在主导的生产力革命是否真实存在。A.
establish建立，确立，查实；B.
facilitate促进；C.
impress给人印象；D.
recommend推荐，介绍。该句是复合句，what引导的主语从句作主语，whether引导表语从句；根据whether
the
productivity
revolution
that
businessmen
assume
they
are
taking
charge
of
is
for
real可知，此事“更难以确定”。故选A。
18.
Always
acting
in
a
strange
way,
Einstein
must
have
to
people
around
to
be
mad.
A.
shown
B.
imagined
C.
appeared
D.
thought
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词。句意：爱因斯坦总是以一种奇怪的方式行事，在周围的人看来他一定似乎是疯了。A.
shown展示；B.
imagined想象；C.
appeared看起来；D.
thought思考。根据“Always
acting
in
a
strange
way,”可知，周围的人看爱因斯坦似乎是疯了。故选C。
19.
—
Why
did
you
come
so
late
for
work?
—
I
was
for
20
minutes
on
the
way
here
in
the
traffic
jam.
A.
held
up
B.
put
up
C.
taken
up
D.
stayed
up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——你为什么这么晚才来上班?——我在来的路上因为交通堵塞被耽搁了20分钟。A.
held
up阻挡；堵塞；B.
put
up搭建；C.
taken
up从事；D.
stayed
up熬夜。根据“on
the
way
here
in
the
traffic
jam.”可知，在路上遇到了交通阻塞。故选A。
20.
Good
writers
always
________
an
outline
before
writing
an
article.
A.
give
out
B.
try
out
C.
hand
out
D.
work
out
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：优秀的作家在写一篇文章之前总是先写出大纲。A.
give
out分发，耗尽；B.
try
out试验，试用；C.
hand
out分发；D.
work
out制定出。根据an
outline可知，此处应是“写作前制定一个大纲”。故选D。
21.
When
I
got
home,
I
found
the
door
open.
A
terrible
thought
________
me
that
someone
broke
into
my
house.
A.
struck
B.
swept
C.
affected
D.
flooded
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我到家时，我发现门开着。我突然想到有人闯进了我的房子。A.
struck突然想到；B.
swept横扫；C.
affected影响；D.
flooded淹没。此处是句型Sth.
strikes
sb.，意思为“某人突然想到……”。故选A。
22.
We
stop
at
home,
surf
the
web
but
at
the
same
time
we
are
feeling
increasingly
________
from
each
other
than
other
time
in
human
history.
A.
cut
down
B.
cut
off
C.
cut
out
D.
cut
in
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们待在家里，上网冲浪，但与此同时，我们比人类历史上任何时候都感到彼此越来越隔绝。A.cut
down削减，砍倒，杀死，删节；B.cut
off切断，中断，剪下；C.cut
out切断，删去，停止，关掉；D.cut
in插嘴，超车，插入。根据from
each
other
than
other
time
in
human
history可知，感到彼此越来越隔绝，短语cut
off
from“与……断绝来往，与……隔绝”。故选B项。
23.
Without
the
Internet,
they
found
themselves
______
from
the
outside
world.
A.
cut
off
B.
cutting
off
C.
cut
up
D.
cutting
up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析和过去分词。句意：没有互联网，他们发现自己与外界隔绝了。“cut
off”表示“隔绝、隔断”；“cut
up”表示“切碎”。根据句意可知，这里是表示“与外界隔绝了”，所以用cut
off。这里是非谓语动词作宾补，宾语themselves和cut
off之间为被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。故选A项。
24.
They
are
good
books
for
those
who
like
to
________
challenging
problems.
A.
register
with
B.
wrestle
with
C.
strike
on
D.
count
on
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于那些喜欢解决具有挑战性的问题的人来说，这是一本好书。A.register
with向......登记；B.wrestle
with全力对付，解决；C.strike
on偶然想起；D.count
on依靠，指望。由“challenging
problems.”可知，是要解决具有挑战性的问题。故选B项。
25.
Basketball
is
a
game
of
rules
that
you
must
________
for
the
good
of
the
team,
and
Boy
21
is
already
not
playing
by
the
rules.
A.
apply
to
B.
submit
to
C.
object
to
D.
contribute
to
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：篮球是一种规则的游戏，为了球队的利益，你必须服从规则，而21号男孩已经不遵守规则了。A.
apply
to适用于；B.
submit
to服从；C.
object
to反对；D.
contribute
to有助于，捐献。根据句意和句中“a
game
of
rules”可知，篮球是一种规则的游戏，所以为了球队的利益，你必须“服从”规则，submit
to意为“服从”，为动词短语，句子为that引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为rules，在从句中作submit
to的宾语。故选B项。
26.
In
Singapore,
a
southern
Asian
country,
the
Chinese?_________?the
largest
percentage
of
its
population,
so
you
can
speak
Chinese
there.
A.
make
up
B.
take
up
C.
hold
up
D.
turn
up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在南亚国家新加坡，华人占人口的比例最大，所以你可以在那里说中文。A.
make
up组成，构成；B.
take
up拿起；C.
hold
up举起，阻挡；D.
turn
up出现，开大。根据前后文“the
Chinese
_________
the
largest
percentage
of
its
population”可知，此处指中国人在新加坡的人口比例最大，应用make
up。故选A。
27.
Beth
_______
her
coat
with
red
buttons
on
it
at
the
Lost
and
Found.
A.
proved
B.
claimed
C.
identified
D.
sorted
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：贝丝在失物招领处认领了她那件有红扣子的大衣。A.
proved证明；B.
claimed声称，认领；C.
identified鉴定；D.
sorted分类。根据后文“her
coat
with
red
buttons
on
it
at
the
Lost
and
Found”可知，此处指认领大衣，应用claim。故选B。
28.
I
trust
the
historian
completely.
His
description
of
these
events
________
other
accounts
written
at
the
time.
A.
subscribes
to
B.
attends
to
C.
relates
to
D.
corresponds
to
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我完全信任这位历史学家。他对这些事件的描述与当时其他记载相符。A.
subscribes
to订阅；B.
attends
to出席；C.
relates
to与……有关；D.
corresponds
to符合。根据前后文“His
description
of
these
events
________
other
accounts
written
at
the
time”可知，此处指对这些事件的描述与当时其他记载相符，应用correspond
to。故选D。
29.
Henry
________
himself
by
winning
two
gold
medals
in
the
Olympic
Games.
A.
acknowledged
B.
confirmed
C.
distinguished
D.
ranked
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：亨利因在奥运会上获得两枚金牌而出名。A.
acknowledged
承认；B.
confirmed
确认；C.
distinguished
区分，使……杰出；
D.
ranked
排名。根据句意可知亨利获得两枚金牌使得他出名，短语“distinguish
oneself”表示“使……出众”符合语意，故选C项。
30.
A
young
man
from
a
wealthy
family
graduated
from
Beijing
University
and
got
a
job
as
a
pork
seller,
which________
a
public
heated
debate.
A.
set
off
B.
set
about
C.
set
out
D.
set
aside
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一名毕业于北京大学的富家子弟，找了一份卖猪肉的工作，此事引发了公众的热议。A.
set
off出发，引起；B.
set
about着手，开始做；C.
set
out动身；D.
set
aside留出。根据后文“a
public
heated
debate”指引起公众热议应用set
off。故选A。
31.
In
general,
comments
sections
on
the
web
tend
to
be
________
with
insults
and
attacks,
while
adding
little
of
substance
to
the
debate.
A.
leveled
B.
furnished
C.
blessed
D.
filled
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：总的来说，网络上的评论往往充满了侮辱和攻击，而对辩论的实质内容却知之甚少。A.
leveled同等，对准；B.
furnished供应，装备；C.
blessed祝福，保佑；D.
filled充满，装满。根据句意，be
filled
with为固定短语，意为“充满……”，符合语境，故选D。
32.
The
reason
why
involved
fathers
help
kids,
of
course,
is
that
families
often
________
better
when
two
parents
are
working
as
a
team
to
give
children
what
they
need,
supporting
each
other’s
efforts.
A.
function
B.
mention
C.
leak
D.
litter
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：参与其中的父亲帮助孩子的原因当然是，当父母双方作为一个团队工作，给孩子他们需要的东西，支持彼此的努力时，家庭往往运转得更好。A.function发挥功能；B.mention提及；C.leak泄漏；
D.litter乱扔。由语意可知，当父母双方作为一个团队工作，给孩子他们需要的东西，支持彼此的努力时，家庭才能更好的发挥作用。故选A
项。
33.
As
schools
struggle
to
survive
on
smaller
budgets,
the
data
will
certainly
________
the
ongoing
debate
over
whether
physical
education
classes
should
be
cut.
A.
feed
B.
fuel
C.
hit
D.
illustrate
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些数据肯定会引发一场没有间断过的争论，即学校努力在更少的预算中生存，是否应该削减体育课。A.
feed喂养；B.
fuel引发，增强；C.
hit打；D.
illustrate说明。由“over
whether
physical
education
classes
should
be
cut.”可知，这些数据肯定会引发一场没有间断过的争论，即学校努力在更少的预算中生存，是否应该削减体育课，故选B项。
34.
Biden
announced
that
on
his
first
day
as
president
he
would
________
a
series
of
Trump’s
administrative
orders
and
rejoin
the
WHO
and
restore
their
leadership
on
the
world
stage.
A.
get
off
with
B.
get
away
with
C.
come
out
with
D.
do
away
with
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：拜登在就任总统的第一天就宣布，他将废除特朗普的一系列行政命令，重新加入世界卫生组织，恢复其在世界舞台上的领导地位。A.
get
off
with结识，回避惩罚；B.
get
away
with侥幸成功；C.
come
out
with说出，发表，出版；D.
do
away
with废除，去掉。根据后面的restore“恢复”，可知此处指“废除”一系列行政命令。故选D。
35.
My
little
brother
is
not
old
enough
to
____________
himself.
A.
wear
B.
put
on
C.
have
on
D.
dress
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词（短语）辨析。句意：我弟弟太小而不能自己穿衣服。A.
wear穿着，表状态；B.
put
on穿上，表动作；C.
have
on穿着，表状态；D.
dress为某人穿衣服，表动作。dress后跟人，dress
oneself表示“给某人自己穿衣服”，而A、B、C项后面应该接“衣服”。故选D项。
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
36.
In______（anticipate）
of
bad
weather
they
take
plenty
of
warm
clothes.
【答案】anticipation
【解析】考查短语。句意：由于预料到天气不好，他们会穿很多暖和的衣服。短语In
anticipation
of，意为“预料到”，根据句意，故填anticipation。
37.
We’d
better
take
a
plane
bound______China.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意：我们最好乘飞机去中国。分析句子可知，plane后用形容词bound的短语作后置定语，固定搭配bound
for“前往（某地）”，符合句意，故填for。
38.
He
realised
that
most
of
his
mistakes
arose______his
nervousness
in
the
exam.（用适当词填空）
【答案】from
【解析】考查介词。句意：他意识到，考试中他大多数犯错误都因为他的紧张。根据句意可知，此处为固定短语arise
from，意为“起因于，由......引起”。故填from。
39.
The
course
normally
attracts
about
100
students
per
year,
of
whom
up__________half
will
be
from
abroad.
【答案】to
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：该课程通常每年吸引约100名学生，其中多达一半来自国外。根据句意“多达”和空前的up可知，此处为固定短语up
to，空处需填介词to。故填to。
40.
Thus,
the
keyboard
can
determine
people's
identities,
and
by
extension,
whether
they
should
be
given
access
to
the
computer
it's
connected
to—regardless__________whether
someone
gets
the
password
right.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词/固定短语。句意：因此，这种键盘能够确定人们的身份，进而确定他们是否应该被授权进入连接的计算机——不管他们是否获得了正确的密码。根据句意及regardless可知，此处应填入介词of，构成固定短语regardless
of表示“不顾，不管”，故填of。
41.
It
is
up___________you
to
settle
the
prior
misunderstanding
between
us.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词/固定搭配。句意：由你来解决我们之间先前的误会。由句意及it
is
up可知，此处应填入介词to，构成固定搭配it
is
up
to
sb表示“取决于/依靠……”，故填to。
42.
I'm
afraid
the
other
kids
will
laugh__________me
because
I
don't
understand.
【答案】at
【解析】考查介词/固定短语。句意：我怕别的孩子会因为我不懂而嘲笑我。由句意及laugh可知，此处为固定短语laugh
at，表示“嘲笑”，故填at。
43.
He
played
a
joke__________me
by
pretending
he
had
lost
the
tickets.
【答案】on
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：他假装把票丢了，跟我开了个玩笑。根据固定短语“play
a
joke
on
sb.跟某人开一个玩笑”可知，该空应填on。故填on。
44.
Some
understanding
of
grammar
is
fundamental________learning
a
language.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意：对语法的一些理解是学习一门语言的基础。分析句子可知，设空处应为介词，后面接动名词，意为“对……”，应用介词to。故填to。
45.
Kelly
loved
her
husband_________spite
of
the
fact
that
he
sometimes
drank
too
much.
【答案】in
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：尽管他有时酗酒，凯利爱她的丈夫。根据句意及空后spite
of可知，此处是介词短语：in
spite
of“尽管”。故填in。
三、语法填空
1
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1
个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Different
countries
have
wildly
different
forms
of
greeting.
In
the
USA,
when
you
pass
by
someone
you
know,
a
nod
is
acceptable,
and
you
usually
shake
hands
with
someone
you
first
meet.
But
in
Latin
countries,
a
firm
handshake46.
(consider)
rude.
In
my
home
country,
Mauritius,
when
people
meet,
they
usually
kiss
each
other
47.
the
cheeks.
This
is
also
common
in
France,
48.
the
act
is
called
faire
la
bise.
However,
this
is
not
49.
universal
rule.
During
my
first
week
in
the
USA,
I
kissed
every
single
girl
I
met.
My
friends
had
to
tell
me
that
that
was
inappropriate,50.
(leave)
me
in
great
embarrassment.
What
is
common
here,
however,
is
for
friends51.
(hug)
each
other
–
something
I
was
not
used
to.
Hugs
always
make
me
52.
(frighten)
because
I
don’t
really
like
that.
This
may
seem
strange
since
even
kissing
53.
(stranger)
is
normal
in
my
country.
Now
that
I
think
about
it,
I
hate
cheek-kissing
as
well.
Wouldn’t
it
be
54.
(enjoy)
to
have
a
greeting
code
that
is
55.
(wide)
acceptable?
I’m
not
saying
we
should
start
doing
that,
but
we
can
surely
do
something
to
avoid
misunderstanding.
【答案】
46.
is
considered
47.
on
48.
where
49.
a
50.
leaving
51.
to
hug
52.
frightened
53.
strangers
54.
enjoyable
55.
widely
【解析】本文是记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身经历和例子讲述了不同的国家有非常不同的问候方式。
46.
考查时态语态。句中主语a
firm
handshake和动词consider是被动关系，此处作谓语用被动语态。表示客观事实，与上下文一致用一般现在时。故填is
considered。
47.
考查介词。此处指亲吻对方的脸颊，在脸上用介词on。故填on。
48.
考查定语从句。句中包含定语从句，先行词是France，在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导，故填where。
49.
考查冠词。句中rule是可数名词单数形式，此处表示一种普遍的规律，universal开头是辅音因素，故填a。
50.
考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，此处用非谓语。前面句子与动词leave是主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语，故填leaving。
51.
考查动词不定式。句中What
is
common
here是主语从句，此处强调具体的动作用不定式作表语。故填to
hug。
52.
考查形容词。句意：拥抱总是让我很害怕，因为我不喜欢拥抱。修饰人用-ed结尾的形容词，故填frightened。
53.
考查名词。stranger是单数可数名词，此处表示泛指用复数形式，故填strangers。
54.
考查形容词。句意：有一个被广泛接受的问候代码不是很令人愉快吗?此处表示“令人愉快的”用形容词作表语，故填enjoyable。
55.
考查副词。修饰形容词acceptable用副词，指广泛接受的，故填widely。
2
Red
envelopes
have
played
56.
important
part
in
Chinese
New
Year
for
as
long
as
anyone
can
remember.
So
what’s
the
story
behind
the
red
envelopes
during
Chinese
New
Year?
One
popular
story
57.
(date)
back
to
the
Qin
Dynasty,
when
the
elderly
would
thread
coins
onto
a
red
string.
This
money
58.
(call)
yasui
qian
in
Chinese,
meaning
“
money
protecting
oneself
from
evil
spirits
”
,
and
was
believed
to
protect
elder
people
from
sickness
and
59.
(die).
As
the
printing
press
became
more
common,
the
yasui
qian
was
replaced
60.
red
envelopes.
Another
legend
tells
of
a
village
61.
a
demon
(恶魔)would
terrorize
children
at
night.
It
was
believed
that
the
demon
would
touch
the
children’s
heads
while
they
were
asleep,
62.
(cause)
serious
illness.
From
there,
a
theory
emerged
that
when
they
prayed,
the
god
would
send
eight
fairies
to
protect
the
child.
The
fairies
would
disguise(伪装)
63.
(they)
as
eight
coins
and
hide
under
the
child’s
pillow.
When
the
demon
got
close,
the
coins
would
begin
to
shine
very
64.
(bright)
,
blinding
the
demon.
Word
began
to
spread
and
the
villagers
started
giving
red
envelopes
65.
(fill)
with
coins
to
each
other
to
put
under
their
pillows
at
night.
As
time
passed,
red
envelopes
became
a
way
to
bring
good
luck
and
prosperity
to
the
receiver.
【答案】
56.
an
57.
dates
58.
was
called
59.
death
60.
with
61.
where
62.
causing
63.
themselves
64.
brightly
65.
filled
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了红包的来历。
56.
考查冠词。part是可数名词单数形式，且important
的发音以元音音素开头，play
an
important
part
in...
意为“在……中发挥重要作用”。故填an。
57.
考查时态。date
back
to意为“始于(某时期)，追溯到……年代”，根据上下文可知，该短语常用一般现在时,没有被动语态和进行时。故填dates。
58.
考查时态和语态。根据下文中的
“
and
was
believed
o
protect
elder
people
”可知，空处应用一般过去时；This
money和call之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。故填was
called。
59.
考查名词。根据空前的名词sickness和and可知，death与名词sickness是并列的关系，应填名词形式。故填death。
60.
考查介词。此处为“replace
A
with
B
”结构的被动形式，意为“用B替换A”。故填with。
61.
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词
a
village，它是表示地点的名词，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，所以要且关系副词引导该从句，故填
where。
62.
考查非谓语动词。句意：人们相信恶魔会在孩子们睡着的时候摸他们的头，结果引起严重的疾病。根椐语境可知，此处是表示顺理成章的结果，应用动词-ing形式作结果状语。故填causing。
63.
考查代词。此处指仙女们把自己伪装成八个硬币。当主语和宾语是同一个人或物时，宾语要用其反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。
64.
考查副词。根据空前的动词shine和very可知,此处应用副词brightly修饰动词shine。故填brightly。
65.
考查非谓语动词。red
envelopes与fill之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，意思是“被装满了硬币的信封”，所以应用动词-ed形式作后置定语。故填filled。
