2021届高考二轮英语语法专训
04.
词形转换
重点一
名词与其他词类的词形转化★★★★★
1.动词变名词的后缀
(1)－al表示人、物、行为：(特殊：去e＋－al)
approve
赞成→approval
赞成
survive
幸存→survival
幸存
arrive
到达→arrival
到达
refuse
拒绝→refusal
拒绝
propose
提议→proposal
提议；建议
(2)－ance/－ence表示性质、状态或行为
appear
出现→appearance
出现；外貌
perform
表演→performance
表演
exist
存在→existence
存在
prefer
较喜欢→preference
偏爱
refer
参考；查阅→reference
参考；查阅
depend
依靠→dependence
依赖；依靠
guide
指引→guidance
引导；指导
(3)－ion/－tion/－ation表示状态或行为
direct
指挥；指导→direction
方向；指导
expect
期待→expectation
期待；期望
explain
解释→explanation
解释
invite
邀请→invitation
邀请；请柬
solve
解决→solution
解决
compete
竞争→competition
比赛；竞争
pronounce
发音→pronunciation
发音
describe
描述→description
描写
repeat
重复→repetition
重复
(4)－s(s)ion表示行为或状态
discuss
讨论→discussion
讨论
admit
承认→admission
承认；准许加入
decide
决定→decision
决定
(5)－ing具有……(特征)的
hear
听→hearing
听力；听觉
listen
听→listening
听；听力
begin
开始→beginning
开始部分
(6)－ment表示行为、结果等
achieve
达到；完成→achievement
成就
develop
发展→development
发展
(去e)argue
争论→argument
争论；论据
(7)－ure/－ture表示行为或状态
fail
失败→failure
失败
press
压；挤→pressure
压力
mix
混合→mixture
混合物
expose
暴露→exposure
面临；暴露
(8)－y表示……的动作(或过程)
recover
恢复→recovery
恢复；痊愈
discover
发现→discovery
发现
其他常见变化：
choose
选择→choice
选择
vary
相异→variety
多样化；品种
tend
倾向→tendency
趋向；趋势
grow
生长→growth
生长
marry
结婚→marriage
婚姻
carry
搬→carriage
客车厢；运输
pack
收拾(行李)→package
包；盒
post
邮寄→postage
邮资；邮费
store
贮存→storage
贮存
2．形容词变名词的后缀
(1)－cy表示性质、状态
fluent
流利→fluency
流利；流畅
accurate
准确的→accuracy
准确(性)
private
私有的→privacy
隐私
efficient
效率高的→efficiency
效率
(2)－dom表示地位、状况等
free
自由的→freedom
自由
wise
明智的→wisdom
智慧
(3)－ness表示性质、状态
dark黑的→darkness
黑暗
weak
虚弱的→weakness
虚弱
kind
友好的→kindness
善良
cold
寒冷的→coldness
冷淡；冷漠
aware
知道的；意识到的→awareness
知道；意识
(4)－th表示结果、过程、性质、状态
warm
温暖的→warmth
温暖
true
真的→truth
真相
deep
深的→depth
深(度)
strong
强壮的→strength
力量
long
长的→length
长度
wide
宽的→width
宽度
(5)－y/－ity表示性质或状态
difficult
困难的→difficulty
困难
honest
诚实的→honesty
诚实
safe
安全的→safety
安全
cruel
残忍的→cruelty
残忍
responsible
负责的→responsibility
责任
(6)－ent变为－ence，－ant变为－ance,
－nd变为－nse
different
不同的→difference
不同(之处)
silent
沉默的；不说话的→silence
寂静
respond
回应→response
响应
patient
有耐心的→patience
耐心
absent
缺席的→absence
缺席
present
出席的→presence
出席
confident
自信的→confidence
信心
convenient
方便的→convenience
便利
important
重要的→importance
重要(性)
defend
防御；保卫→defense/defence
防御；保护
(单句填空)
1．(2018·浙江高考)Researchers
have
found
that
there
is
a
direct
link
between
the
increase
in
food
eaten
outside
the
home
and
the
rise
in
________
(weigh)
problems.
答案与解析 weight 句意：研究人员发现在外吃饭次数的增加与体重问题的增加有直接关系。设空在句中做定语，修饰空后的名词problems，应用名词weight。
weight
problem
“体重问题”。
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This
development
was
only
possible
with
the
________
(introduce)
of
electric－powered
engines
and
lifts.
答案与解析 introduction 句意：由设空前的定冠词the和设空后的介词of可知，设空应填名词。动词introduce的名词是去掉词尾的字母e再加后缀－tion。the_introduction_of_...“介绍/引进……”。
重点二
形容词、副词后缀★★★★★
1.名词或动词转化为形容词的规律
类别
例词
词尾加－y
cloud→cloudy,
luck→lucky,
health→healthy,
sleep→sleepy
词尾加－(e)d
gift→gifted,
talent→talented,
advance→advanced
词尾加－ful/－less
meaning→meaningful/meaningless,
care→careful/careless,
help→helpful/helpless,
harm→harmful/harmless,
home→homeless,
colour→colourful/colourless,
use→useful/useless,
thank→thankful,
peace→peaceful
词尾加－able
comfort→comfortable,
knowledge→knowledgeable,
accept→acceptable,
respect→respectable
词尾加－ous
danger→dangerous,
courage→courageous,
humour→humorous
词尾的－ce变为－t
confidence→confident,
difference→different
词尾加－al
music→musical,
person→personal,
nation→national,
education→educational,
tradition→traditional
词尾加－ly
friend→friendly,
week→weekly,
love→lovely
词尾加－en
wood→wooden,
wool→woolen
其他常见变化
energy→energetic,
fool→foolish,
pleasure→pleasant/pleased,
science→scientific[以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加－y(如sun→sunny,
fun→funny等)，以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加－y(如noise→noisy,
ice→icy等)]
动词词尾加－tive/?ive/?ative
attract→attractive,
talk→talkative,
prevent→preventive
2.区分－ed形容词与－ing形容词
解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人……”(－ing)，还是“感到……”(－ed)；第二，看语境说明的是性质特征(－ing)，还是感受(－ed)。具体如下：
(1)－ing型形容词主要用于修饰事物，表示事物的性质或特征，常译为“令人……的”；修饰人时，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。
·The
story
is
very
interesting.
这个故事很有趣。(故事本身有趣)。
·The
man
is
very
interesting.
这个人很有趣。(人本身或人的性格有趣)
(2)－ed型形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile(微笑)、
feeling(感觉)、
appearance(外貌)、
cry(哭)、
face(面部表情)、
voice(声音)、
mood(情绪)、
look(表情)等表示某人的情感状况的名词。
·He
had
a
pleased
smile
on
his
face.
他脸上露出了满意的微笑。(a
pleased
smile意为“满意的微笑”，指某人因感到满意而露出的微笑)
·He
told
me
the
news
in
a
very
excited
voice.
他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。(a
very
excited
voice意为“很激动的声音”，指某人因感到激动而发出的声音)
3．形容词转化为副词的规律
类别
例词
形容词＋后缀－ly
clear→clearly,
great→greatly,
loud→loudly,
sudden→suddenly,
sincere→sincerely
以辅音字母加－y结尾的形容词，把y变成i再加－ly
happy→happily,
heavy→heavily,
angry→angrily,
lucky→luckily,
noisy→noisily
词尾为?ble/?le的形容词，去掉e，再加－y
terrible→terribly,
possible→possibly,
gentle→gently,
probable→probably,
comfortable→comfortably,
responsible→responsibly,
suitable→suitably
词尾为－ue的形容词，去掉e再加－ly
true→truly
词尾为－ll的形容词，直接加－y
full→fully,
dull→dully
词尾为－ic的形容词，加－ally
basic→basically,
scientific→scientifically,
specific→specifically,
automatic→automatically
(单句填空)
3．(2018·浙江高考)The
obvious
one
is
money;
eating
out
once
or
twice
a
week
may
be
________
(afford)
but
doing
this
most
days
adds
up.
答案与解析 affordable 句意：每周在外面吃一两次饭是可以负担得起的，但大部分时间都在外面吃的话，负担会增加。设空在句中做表语，说明主语的特征，应用afford的形容词affordable“支付得起的”。
4．(2017·浙江高考)But
something
made
her
look
closer,
and
she
noticed
a
________
(shine)
object.
答案与解析 shiny/shining 句意：但是有个东西使她凑近看了一下，于是她注意到一个闪闪发光的东西。
设空前是冠词a，设空后的object是名词，故设空处应填形容词，说明事物的特征，意为“闪闪发光的”，填shiny或shining。
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I
enjoyed
studying
________
(difference)
kinds
of
cars
and
planes,
playing
pop
music,
and
collecting
the
latest
music
albums.
答案与解析 different 句意：
我喜欢研究各种汽车和飞机，弹奏流行音乐，收集最新唱片。修饰名词kinds应用形容词。different_kinds_of_表“各种各样的”。
【
技巧】
▲核心技法回顾
1．利用句子成分定词性
(1)看到空格处做定语、表语、主语补足语或宾语补足语，要想到用形容词；看到空格处做状语，要想到用副词。
(2)所填词在句中做主语、宾语或表语用名词。
2．利用修饰语功能定词性
(1)看到空格处修饰名词，要想到用形容词；看到空格处修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子在句中做状语，要想到用副词。
(2)所填词被形容词、定冠词或形容词性物主代词所修饰要考虑名词形式。
▲语法填空解题技法练习
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．The
exhibition
is
very
________
(time),
since
“self?taught”
art
is
catching
on
in
a
big
way.
答案与解析 timely 句意：由于“自学成才”的艺术正在大规模地流行起来，所以这次展览非常及时。timely是形容词，在此处做表语，意为“及时的”。
提醒：“名词＋?ly”构成的形容词主要有以下三种情况：(1)与人有关的，表示“举止像……的，有……态度(外貌)的”，如friendly,
motherly,
brotherly,
manly,
womanly等；(2)与日期有关的，表示“每……”，如daily,
weekly,
monthly,
yearly等；(3)?ly与抽象名词结合，如lovely,
timely等。
2．Even
though
we
live
in
a
high?tech
age,
it's
still
impossible
to
predict
the
weather
________
(accurate)．
答案与解析 accurately 设空在句中做状语，修饰动词predict,
应填副词accurately。
3．When
the
children
are
walking
or
cycling
to
school
on
dark
mornings,
car
drivers
can
________
(easy)
see
them.
答案与解析 easily 分析句式可知，设空处所填词修饰动词see，应用副词做状语，应填easy的副词形式easily。
4．I
just
stood
in
the
corner,
cold
and
________
(scare).
(lucky),
my
dad
came
and
found
me.
答案与解析 scared;
Luckily 第一空在句中做状语，表主语I
“感到害怕的”，
应填scared；第二空在句中做状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词，故填Luckily。
5．For
translator
Anna
Holmwood,
this
signals
the
________
(arrive)
of
a
new
era.
答案与解析 arrival 分析句子结构可知，设空在句中做宾语，且设空前是定冠词the,
设空后是介词of,
设空处填名词arrival。
6．Take
a
deep
________
(breathe)
and
tell
yourself
that
you
have
all
the
time
in
the
world
to
remember.
答案与解析 breath 设空在句中做宾语，且设空前是形容词deep，故填名词breath。
take
a
deep
breath
“深呼吸”。
7．The
robot
can
show
emotions,
like
anger
and
________
(sad)
and
change
into
different
moods,
depending
on
the
topics
she
is
talking
about.
答案与解析 sadness 设空在句中与设空前的名词anger并列做介词like的宾语，应填名词sadness。
Ⅱ.易错练习
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It
is
difficult
to
figure
out
a
global
population
of
polar
bears
as
much
of
the
range
has
been
(poor)
studied;
however,
biologists
calculate
that
there
are
about
20,000～25,000
polar
bears
worldwide.
答案与解析 poorly 句意：由于对北极熊活动的范围研究很少，很难计算出全球北极熊的数量。分析句子结构可知设空处修饰谓语has
been
studied，应用副词作状语，填poorly意为“不足”。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This
switch
has
decreased
________
(pollute)
in
the
country's
major
lakes
and
reservoirs
and
made
drinking
water
safer
for
people.
答案与解析 pollution 句意：这种变化已经减少了这个国家主要湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水变得更安全了。设空处做及物动词decreased的宾语，应用名词，故填pollution。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The
Central
London
Railway
was
one
of
the
most
________
(success)
of
these
new
lines,
and
was
opened
in
1900.
答案与解析 successful 句意：伦敦中心地铁是这些新开线路中最为成功的线路之一。它于1900年通车。“the
most
________
of
these
new
lines”在句中做系动词was的表语，设空前是the
most,
故设空填形容词与之构成最高级，名词success的形容词是successful。
4．(全国卷Ⅱ)My
uncle
tells
me
that
the
key
to
his
success
is
________
(honest)．
答案与解析 honesty 句意：我的叔叔告诉我他成功的关键是诚实。系动词is之后的表语说明主语key是“什么”，应用名词。honest_“诚实的”，是形容词；honesty“诚实”，是名词。
5．According
to
many
deaf
people
all
around
the
world,
the
most
________
(practice)
and
popular
way
of
communicating
is
with
sign
language.
答案与解析 practical 句意：根据世界各地许多聋人的说法，最实用和流行的交流方式是手语。设空后的way是名词，且设空前是the
most,
该空填形容词与the
most
构成最高级，故填practical。
6．In
his
book,
Intentional
Living,
author
John
Maxwell
shares
that
back
in
1976,
he
received
a
gift
from
one
of
his
________
(assist)．
答案与解析 assistants 设空在句中做介词from的宾语，应用名词，且设空前是one
of,
此处填复数名词，故填
assistants。
7．Hunter
is
a
________
(true)
warm
person,
believing
that
patients
need
more
than
a
doctor.
答案与解析 truly 设空在句中做状语，修饰形容词warm,
应用副词，填truly。
8．We
want
to
rely
on
the
wave
of
Wuzhen's
________
(increase)
hot
tourism
and
improve
our
brand's
fame
and
sales.
答案与解析 increasingly 修饰形容词hot，应填所给词的副词形式做状语。
9．________
(specific)
in
classical
music
concerts,
the
applause
can
last
six
or
seven
minutes.
答案与解析 Specifically 设空在句中做状语修饰介词短语in
classical
music
concerts,
应用副词，故填Specifically。
牢记：以ic结尾的形容词变副词需在词尾加ally。—basically(基本上)；②enthusiastic—enthusiastically
(热情地)；③scientific—scientifically(科学地)；④magic—magically(有魔力地)。
【
能力】
一、单项选择
1.
The
winter
of
the
speech
contest
was
a
_________girl
called
Jenny
from
America.
A.
18—years—old
B.
18—year—old
C.
18—year—olds
D.
18
year
old
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词。句意：演讲比赛的获胜者是一个18岁的来自美国的女孩，名叫珍妮。由连字符连接的形容词，名词用单数，故A项错误；形容词old无需加复数，故C项错误；D项中的year由18修饰，用复数，故选B。
2.
Lin
Tao,
an
boy,
was
very
brave
and
helped
his
classmates
run
out
of
the
classroom
when
the
earthquake
happened.
A.
8-year-old
B.
8
year
old
C.
8-years-old
D.
8
year
olds
【答案】A
【解析】考查复合形容词。句意：林涛，一个八岁的男孩，很勇敢，在地震发生时帮助他的同学从教室里跑出来。数量词在句中作前置定语，注意量词year用单数，并且带连字符号，故选A。
3.
Though
it
is
a
_____
job,
he
still
devotes
much
time
and
energy
to
it.
A.
poor-paying
B.
poorly-paying
C.
poorly-paid
D.
poor-paid
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词。本题中考查了复合形容词的构词法，使用“副词+过去分词”构成新的形容词。如“newly-discovered最新发现的”，本句中“poorly-paid报酬极少的”。句意：尽管这是一份报酬极少的工作，但他仍然花了很多时间和精力做它。故C项正确。
4.
His
_____
English
is
very
good,
because
he
is
from
Australia,
an
_____
country.
A.
spoken;
English-spoken
B.
speaking;
English-speaking
C.
spoken;
English-speaking
D.
speaking;
English-speaking
【答案】C
【解析】
考查形容词。spoken口语的；English-speaking讲英语的。句意：他英语口语非常好，因为他来自澳大利亚，一个讲英语的国家。故选C。
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
第一组
5.
When
I
saw
the
big
snake,
I
__________(panic)
and
did
not
know
what
to
do.
6.
They
were
eventually
persuaded
by
the
police
__________(give)
themselves
up.
7.
The
girl
didn’t
account
__________
the
fact
why
she
ran
out
of
money
so
soon.
8.
The
host
family
treat
me
so
kind
as
if
I
__________(be)
one
of
the
family
members.
9.
Last
night,
there
were
millions
of
people
__________(watch)
the
opening
ceremony
live
on
TV.
10.
Walking
towards
the
scene,
Tennyson
felt
very
upset
about
__________
had
happened
to
the
couple.
11.
Teddy
looked
__________(curious)
at
the
strange
box
from
time
to
time.
12.
The
criminal
was
brought
in,
with
his
hands
__________(tie)
behind
his
back.
13.
This
theory
assumes
(假设)
that
you
and
your
friend
would
not
lie
__________
each
other.
14.
Some
think
technology
creates
more
problems
than
it
solves,
and
may
__________(threat)
or
damage
the
quality
of
life.
【答案】5.
panicked
6.
to
give
7.
for
8.
were
9.
watching
10.
what
11.
curiously
12.
tied
13.
to
14.
threaten
【解析】5.
考查时态。句意：当我看见这条大蛇时,
我惊慌失措。根据句中其他谓语动词可知，句子要用一般过去时。故填panicked。
6.
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们最终被警方劝服,
投案自首。此处是persuade
sb.
to
do
sth.的被动形式。give
sb./oneself
up意为“自首，投案,
投降”。故填to
give。
7.
考查固定搭配。句意：这个女孩没有对她为什么这么快就把钱花完了这一事实作出解释。account
for
意为“解释，说明”，为固定搭配。故填for。
8.
考查虚拟语气。句意：寄宿家庭对我很友好，就好像我是他们家庭的一员一样。as
if引导方式状语从句，根据句意可知，从句句意与现在事实相反，要用虚拟语气，谓语动词要用过去式，be动词用were。故填were。
9.
考查非谓语动词。句意：昨晚有数百万人在电视上观看开幕式的现场直播。watch
the
opening
ceremony
live作millions
of
people的定语，且people与watch构成逻辑上的主谓关系，要用现在分词形式。故填watching。
10.
考查名词性从句。句意：Tennyson走向现场，对发生在这对夫妇身上的事情感到非常难过。介词about后接宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少主语，结合句意“发生了什么”确定应该用what引导宾语从句。故填what。
11.
考查副词。句意：Teddy好奇地时不时地看着这个奇怪的盒子。此处修饰动词look，应使用副词形式。故填curiously。
12.
考查非谓语动词。句意：那个罪犯被带进来，双手被捆在他的背后。在with复合结构中，动词tie与his
hands是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以要用过去分词形式。故填tied。
13.
考查介词。句意：这个理论假设你和你的朋友不会对彼此撒谎。lie
to意为“对……撒谎”是固定搭配。故填to。
14.
考查动词。句意：一些人认为技术带来的问题比其解决的问题要多，并且可能会威胁或损害生活质量。根据前面的情态动词may和后面并列的动词damage判断，应使用动词原形。threaten意为“威胁，危及”。故填threaten。
第二组
15.
The
heavy
rain
lessened
__________(gradual)
and
stopped
at
last.
16.
The
coach
remarked
__________
the
great
progress
that
this
ping-pong
player
made
in
these
competitions.
17.
I
regret
to
inform
you
he
died
as
__________
consequence
of
serious
head
injuries.
18.
We
will
end
up
__________
(live)
in
a
society
where
science
and
technology
is
highly
developed.
19.
China
is
a
country
with
vast
land,
which
is
abundant
__________
tourism
resources.
20.
These
leftovers
can’t
be
eaten
for
now;
you’d
better
__________
(heat)
them
first
by
a
microwave.
21.
__________
high
buildings
we
are
going
to
build,
“Safety
First”
is
our
slogan.
22.
It
took
all
the
fun
out
of
the
occasion
__________
people
on
board
found
the
ship
was
going
to
hit
the
glacier.
23.
I’ve
come
to
the
point
__________
I
can’t
stand
her
arguing
any
longer.
24.
__________
(inform)
that
his
mother
was
ill,
Li
Lei
hurried
home
immediately.
【答案】15.
gradually
16.
on/upon
17.
a
18.
living
19.
in
20.
reheat
21.
Whatever
22.
when
23.
where
24.
Informed
【解析】15.
考查副词。句意：大雨渐渐小下来了，最终停止了。修饰动词lessened，应用副词形式。故填gradually。
16.
考查固定短语。句意：这位教练评价了这位乒乓球运动员在这些比赛中所取得的巨大进步
。短语remark
on/upon“评论，谈论”。
故填on/upon。
17.
考查固定短语。句意：我很遗憾地通知你，他因头部受重伤而去世了。短语as
a
consequence
of意为“由于…结果”。故填a。
18.
考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：我们将最终生活在一个科学技术高度发达的社会。短语end
up
doing
sth.意为“以……告终”；此处用living，是现在分词做状语。故填living。
19.
考查固定短语。句意：中国是一个地域辽阔的国家，其旅游资源丰富。短语be
abundant
in意为“丰富的，充裕的”。故填in。
20.
考查构词法。句意：这些吃剩的饭菜现在不能吃，你最好先用微波炉把它们再加热一下。根据句意，此处意为“再加热”；had
better
后接动词原形；前缀re?意为“又，再”，因此填reheat，意为“将.......重新加热”。故填reheat。
21.
考查状语从句。句意：无论我们要建什么样的高楼，“安全第一”是我们的口号。分析句子结构，空后是状语从句，所填词是状语从句的从属连词；根据句意，应填whatever引导状语从句，意为“无论什么”。
故填Whatever。
22.
考查定语从句。句意：当船上的人们发现船要撞上冰川时，欢乐的气氛一扫而光。分析句子结构，空后是定语从句，先行词是occasion，在从句中作时间状语，意为“在.......时机/时候”，因此用when引导时间状语从句。故填when。
23.
考查定语从句。句意：我已到了再也不能容忍她争吵的地步了。分析句子结构，空后是定语从句，先行词是point，在从句中作地点状语，意为“到…...地步”，因此用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。
24.
考查非谓语动词。句意：得知母亲生病了，李雷急忙赶回了家。inform和句子的主语Li
Lei之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词informed作状语。故填Informed。
第三组
25.
I
have
quite____________tight
schedule,
so
I
have
to
work
overtime
to
finish
this
marketing
report.
pared
with
the
achievements
of
his
friends,
he
thinks
his
work
is
far___________satisfactory.
27.
The
funniest
moment
for
a
television
news
reporter
may
involve
keeping
a
straight
face
for______(humor)stories.
28.
I’d
like
to
talk
with
one
of
your____________(consult).I
need
some
suggestions
on
how
to
market
my
product.
29.
We
were
delayed
at
the
airport.
Otherwise
we________________(be)here
by
lunch
time.
30.
He
tried
to
cover
up
his
mistake,
but_________________vain.
31.
It
is
really___________(refresh)to
climb
mountains
and
enjoy
the
beauty
of
nature
at
the
bright
and
clear
time
in
autumn.
32.
I
don't
know
how
they
managed__________(raise)
four
children
when
they
were
as
poor
as
church
mice.
33.
His
computer
broke
down
and
he
had
to
pay
to
get
it____________(repair).
34.
Only
when
we
realize
the
importance
of
helping
each
other
can
we
be
devoted
to________(build)a
harmonious
society.
【答案】25.
a
26.
from
27.
humorous
28.
consultants
29.
would
have
been
30.
in
31.
refreshing
32.
to
raise
33.
repaired
34.
building
【解析】25.
考查冠词。句意：我的日程表安排得很紧，所以我必须要加班才能完成这份市场报告。根据句意可知,空处用不定冠词表示泛指，tight的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
26.
考查固定短语。句意：和他朋友们的成就相比，他觉得他的工作一点也不令人满意。短语far
from意为
“绝非，根本不，完全不”,
far
from
satisfactory
意为“根本不令人满意”。故填from。
27.
考查形容词。句意：电视新闻记者最有趣的时刻可能包括板着脸讲幽默故事。修饰名词stories，应用形容词作定语；humor是名词，形容词为humorous。故填humorous。
28.
考查名词复数。句意：我想和你们其中的一位顾问谈谈，我需要一些关于如何销售我的产品的建议。此处是“one
of+名词复数”结构，名词应用复数形式；consult
是动词“咨询”，名词是consultant“顾问”。故填consultants。
29.
考查虚拟语气。句意：我们在机场耽搁了，否则午饭前就到这里了。根据句意可知，otherwise后的句子是表示与过去事实相反的假设，谓语动词应用would
have
done形式。故填would
have
been。
30.
考查介词。句意：他试图掩盖他的错误,但是是徒劳的。短语in
vain意为“徒然，枉然，白费力地"。故填in。
31.
考查形容词。句意：在阳光明媚、天气晴朗的秋日里去登山并欣赏自然之美真是令人神清气爽。此句是“It
is
+形容词+to
do…”结构，应用形容词作表语。fresh是动词，形容词为freshing，意为“清新的，令人精神饱满的”。故填refreshing。
32.
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们一贫如洗，我不知道他们如何设法抚养大四个孩子的。短语manage
to
do…意为
“设法做成…”。故填to
raise。
33.
考查非谓语动词。句意：他的电脑出故障了，他不得不花钱找人修理。repair和it构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。“get
sth.
done”意为“让/请人做…”。故填repaired。
34.
考查非谓语动词。句意：只有当我们意识到互相帮助的重要性，我们才能致力于建设一个和谐社会。be
devoted
to中的to是介词，后面接v-ing形式作宾语。故填building。
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It
is
a
great35.
(true)
that
life
is
difficult.
Once
we
really
understand
and
accept
it,
then
life
is
no
longer
difficult.
36.
,
most
of
us
do
not
fully
see
it.
They
just
complain
about
their
problems
and
difficulties
as
if
life
should
be
easy.
37.
makes
life
difficult
is
that
the
process
of
facing
and
solving
problems
is
a
really
painful
one.
Problems,
38.
(base)
on
their
nature,
cause
sadness
or
regret
or
anger
or
fear.
These
are
39.
(comfort)
feelings,
often
as
painful
as
any
kind
of
physical
pain.
It
is
in
the
whole
process
of
solving
problems
40.
life
has
its
meaning.
Problems
are
the
serious
test
that
tells
us
success
from
failure.
When
we
want
to
strengthen
the
growth
of
human
spirit,
we
encourage
the
human
ability
41.
(solve)
problems,
just
as
in
school
we
set
problems
for
our
children
to
deal
with.
42.
(learn)
from
the
pain
of
meeting
and
working
out
problems
is43.
great
benefit.
As
Benjamin
Franklin
said,
“Those
things
that
hurt,
instruct.”
For
this
reason,
wise
people
learn
not
to
fear
but
to
welcome44.
pain
of
problems.
【答案】
35.
truth
36.
However
37.
What
38.
based
39.
uncomfortable
40.
that
41.
to
solve
42.
Learning
43.
of
44.
the
【解析】这是一篇议论文。生活是艰难的，这是一个伟大的真理。一旦我们真正理解并接受它，生活就不再困难。正因为如此，明智的人应学会不要害怕，而要欢迎问题带来的痛苦。
35.
考查名词。根据上文great是形容词，修饰名词，故填truth。
36.
考查副词。句意：一旦我们真正理解并接受它，生活就不再困难。然而，我们大多数人并没有完全认识到这一点。此处前后句是一种转折关系，因为有“，”，故填However。
37.
考查主语从句连接词。句意：让生活变得困难的是，面对和解决问题的过程是非常痛苦的。此处是主语从句作主语，从句缺少引导词，从句谓语动词缺少主语，表示“……的”，故填What。
38.
考查非谓语动词。句意：问题的本质决定了它会引起悲伤、遗憾、愤怒或恐惧。be
base
on以……为基础，故用过去分词作后置定语，修饰problem，故填based。
39.
考查形容词。句意：这些都是不舒服的感觉，通常和身体上的疼痛一样痛苦。此处是形容词修饰名词，结合句意可知答案为uncomfortable。
40.
考查强调句式。句意：在解决问题的整个过程中，生命才有了意义。此处是强调句型，强调in
the
whole
process
of
solving
problems，故填that。
41.
考查动词不定式作后置定语。句意：当我们想要加强人类精神的成长时，我们鼓励人类解决问题的能力，就像在学校我们为我们的孩子设置问题来处理。the
ability
to
do
sth.“做某事的能力”，用动词不定式作后置定语，故答案为to
solve。
42.
考查非谓语动词。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故learn只能用非谓语形式，在句中作主语应用动名词形式，故填Learning。
43.
考查固定搭配。句意：从遇到和解决问题的痛苦中学习是非常有益的。固定搭配：be
of
great
benefit意为“非常有利”，故填of。
44.
考查定冠词。句意：正因为如此，明智的人应学会不要害怕，而要欢迎问题带来的痛苦。此处表示“特指”，故填the。2021届高考二轮英语语法专训
04.
词形转换
重点一
名词与其他词类的词形转化★★★★★
1.动词变名词的后缀
(1)－al表示人、物、行为：(特殊：去e＋－al)
approve
赞成→approval
赞成
survive
幸存→survival
幸存
arrive
到达→arrival
到达
refuse
拒绝→refusal
拒绝
propose
提议→proposal
提议；建议
(2)－ance/－ence表示性质、状态或行为
appear
出现→appearance
出现；外貌
perform
表演→performance
表演
exist
存在→existence
存在
prefer
较喜欢→preference
偏爱
refer
参考；查阅→reference
参考；查阅
depend
依靠→dependence
依赖；依靠
guide
指引→guidance
引导；指导
(3)－ion/－tion/－ation表示状态或行为
direct
指挥；指导→direction
方向；指导
expect
期待→expectation
期待；期望
explain
解释→explanation
解释
invite
邀请→invitation
邀请；请柬
solve
解决→solution
解决
compete
竞争→competition
比赛；竞争
pronounce
发音→pronunciation
发音
describe
描述→description
描写
repeat
重复→repetition
重复
(4)－s(s)ion表示行为或状态
discuss
讨论→discussion
讨论
admit
承认→admission
承认；准许加入
decide
决定→decision
决定
(5)－ing具有……(特征)的
hear
听→hearing
听力；听觉
listen
听→listening
听；听力
begin
开始→beginning
开始部分
(6)－ment表示行为、结果等
achieve
达到；完成→achievement
成就
develop
发展→development
发展
(去e)argue
争论→argument
争论；论据
(7)－ure/－ture表示行为或状态
fail
失败→failure
失败
press
压；挤→pressure
压力
mix
混合→mixture
混合物
expose
暴露→exposure
面临；暴露
(8)－y表示……的动作(或过程)
recover
恢复→recovery
恢复；痊愈
discover
发现→discovery
发现
其他常见变化：
choose
选择→choice
选择
vary
相异→variety
多样化；品种
tend
倾向→tendency
趋向；趋势
grow
生长→growth
生长
marry
结婚→marriage
婚姻
carry
搬→carriage
客车厢；运输
pack
收拾(行李)→package
包；盒
post
邮寄→postage
邮资；邮费
store
贮存→storage
贮存
2．形容词变名词的后缀
(1)－cy表示性质、状态
fluent
流利→fluency
流利；流畅
accurate
准确的→accuracy
准确(性)
private
私有的→privacy
隐私
efficient
效率高的→efficiency
效率
(2)－dom表示地位、状况等
free
自由的→freedom
自由
wise
明智的→wisdom
智慧
(3)－ness表示性质、状态
dark黑的→darkness
黑暗
weak
虚弱的→weakness
虚弱
kind
友好的→kindness
善良
cold
寒冷的→coldness
冷淡；冷漠
aware
知道的；意识到的→awareness
知道；意识
(4)－th表示结果、过程、性质、状态
warm
温暖的→warmth
温暖
true
真的→truth
真相
deep
深的→depth
深(度)
strong
强壮的→strength
力量
long
长的→length
长度
wide
宽的→width
宽度
(5)－y/－ity表示性质或状态
difficult
困难的→difficulty
困难
honest
诚实的→honesty
诚实
safe
安全的→safety
安全
cruel
残忍的→cruelty
残忍
responsible
负责的→responsibility
责任
(6)－ent变为－ence，－ant变为－ance,
－nd变为－nse
different
不同的→difference
不同(之处)
silent
沉默的；不说话的→silence
寂静
respond
回应→response
响应
patient
有耐心的→patience
耐心
absent
缺席的→absence
缺席
present
出席的→presence
出席
confident
自信的→confidence
信心
convenient
方便的→convenience
便利
important
重要的→importance
重要(性)
defend
防御；保卫→defense/defence
防御；保护
(单句填空)
1．(2018·浙江高考)Researchers
have
found
that
there
is
a
direct
link
between
the
increase
in
food
eaten
outside
the
home
and
the
rise
in
________
(weigh)
problems.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This
development
was
only
possible
with
the
________
(introduce)
of
electric－powered
engines
and
lifts.
重点二
形容词、副词后缀★★★★★
1.名词或动词转化为形容词的规律
类别
例词
词尾加－y
cloud→cloudy,
luck→lucky,
health→healthy,
sleep→sleepy
词尾加－(e)d
gift→gifted,
talent→talented,
advance→advanced
词尾加－ful/－less
meaning→meaningful/meaningless,
care→careful/careless,
help→helpful/helpless,
harm→harmful/harmless,
home→homeless,
colour→colourful/colourless,
use→useful/useless,
thank→thankful,
peace→peaceful
词尾加－able
comfort→comfortable,
knowledge→knowledgeable,
accept→acceptable,
respect→respectable
词尾加－ous
danger→dangerous,
courage→courageous,
humour→humorous
词尾的－ce变为－t
confidence→confident,
difference→different
词尾加－al
music→musical,
person→personal,
nation→national,
education→educational,
tradition→traditional
词尾加－ly
friend→friendly,
week→weekly,
love→lovely
词尾加－en
wood→wooden,
wool→woolen
其他常见变化
energy→energetic,
fool→foolish,
pleasure→pleasant/pleased,
science→scientific[以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加－y(如sun→sunny,
fun→funny等)，以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加－y(如noise→noisy,
ice→icy等)]
动词词尾加－tive/?ive/?ative
attract→attractive,
talk→talkative,
prevent→preventive
2.区分－ed形容词与－ing形容词
解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人……”(－ing)，还是“感到……”(－ed)；第二，看语境说明的是性质特征(－ing)，还是感受(－ed)。具体如下：
(1)－ing型形容词主要用于修饰事物，表示事物的性质或特征，常译为“令人……的”；修饰人时，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。
·The
story
is
very
interesting.
这个故事很有趣。(故事本身有趣)。
·The
man
is
very
interesting.
这个人很有趣。(人本身或人的性格有趣)
(2)－ed型形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile(微笑)、
feeling(感觉)、
appearance(外貌)、
cry(哭)、
face(面部表情)、
voice(声音)、
mood(情绪)、
look(表情)等表示某人的情感状况的名词。
·He
had
a
pleased
smile
on
his
face.
他脸上露出了满意的微笑。(a
pleased
smile意为“满意的微笑”，指某人因感到满意而露出的微笑)
·He
told
me
the
news
in
a
very
excited
voice.
他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。(a
very
excited
voice意为“很激动的声音”，指某人因感到激动而发出的声音)
3．形容词转化为副词的规律
类别
例词
形容词＋后缀－ly
clear→clearly,
great→greatly,
loud→loudly,
sudden→suddenly,
sincere→sincerely
以辅音字母加－y结尾的形容词，把y变成i再加－ly
happy→happily,
heavy→heavily,
angry→angrily,
lucky→luckily,
noisy→noisily
词尾为?ble/?le的形容词，去掉e，再加－y
terrible→terribly,
possible→possibly,
gentle→gently,
probable→probably,
comfortable→comfortably,
responsible→responsibly,
suitable→suitably
词尾为－ue的形容词，去掉e再加－ly
true→truly
词尾为－ll的形容词，直接加－y
full→fully,
dull→dully
词尾为－ic的形容词，加－ally
basic→basically,
scientific→scientifically,
specific→specifically,
automatic→automatically
(单句填空)
3．(2018·浙江高考)The
obvious
one
is
money;
eating
out
once
or
twice
a
week
may
be
________
(afford)
but
doing
this
most
days
adds
up.
4．(2017·浙江高考)But
something
made
her
look
closer,
and
she
noticed
a
________
(shine)
object.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I
enjoyed
studying
________
(difference)
kinds
of
cars
and
planes,
playing
pop
music,
and
collecting
the
latest
music
albums.
【
技巧】
▲核心技法回顾
1．利用句子成分定词性
(1)看到空格处做定语、表语、主语补足语或宾语补足语，要想到用形容词；看到空格处做状语，要想到用副词。
(2)所填词在句中做主语、宾语或表语用名词。
2．利用修饰语功能定词性
(1)看到空格处修饰名词，要想到用形容词；看到空格处修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子在句中做状语，要想到用副词。
(2)所填词被形容词、定冠词或形容词性物主代词所修饰要考虑名词形式。
▲语法填空解题技法练习
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．The
exhibition
is
very
________
(time),
since
“self?taught”
art
is
catching
on
in
a
big
way.
2．Even
though
we
live
in
a
high?tech
age,
it's
still
impossible
to
predict
the
weather
________
(accurate)．
3．When
the
children
are
walking
or
cycling
to
school
on
dark
mornings,
car
drivers
can
________
(easy)
see
them.
4．I
just
stood
in
the
corner,
cold
and
________
(scare).
(lucky),
my
dad
came
and
found
me.
5．For
translator
Anna
Holmwood,
this
signals
the
________
(arrive)
of
a
new
era.
6．Take
a
deep
________
(breathe)
and
tell
yourself
that
you
have
all
the
time
in
the
world
to
remember.
7．The
robot
can
show
emotions,
like
anger
and
________
(sad)
and
change
into
different
moods,
depending
on
the
topics
she
is
talking
about.
Ⅱ.易错练习
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It
is
difficult
to
figure
out
a
global
population
of
polar
bears
as
much
of
the
range
has
been
(poor)
studied;
however,
biologists
calculate
that
there
are
about
20,000～25,000
polar
bears
worldwide.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This
switch
has
decreased
________
(pollute)
in
the
country's
major
lakes
and
reservoirs
and
made
drinking
water
safer
for
people.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The
Central
London
Railway
was
one
of
the
most
________
(success)
of
these
new
lines,
and
was
opened
in
1900.
4．(全国卷Ⅱ)My
uncle
tells
me
that
the
key
to
his
success
is
________
(honest)．
5．According
to
many
deaf
people
all
around
the
world,
the
most
________
(practice)
and
popular
way
of
communicating
is
with
sign
language.
6．In
his
book,
Intentional
Living,
author
John
Maxwell
shares
that
back
in
1976,
he
received
a
gift
from
one
of
his
________
(assist)．
7．Hunter
is
a
________
(true)
warm
person,
believing
that
patients
need
more
than
a
doctor.
8．We
want
to
rely
on
the
wave
of
Wuzhen's
________
(increase)
hot
tourism
and
improve
our
brand's
fame
and
sales.
9．________
(specific)
in
classical
music
concerts,
the
applause
can
last
six
or
seven
minutes.
【
能力】
一、单项选择
1.
The
winter
of
the
speech
contest
was
a
_________girl
called
Jenny
from
America.
A.
18—years—old
B.
18—year—old
C.
18—year—olds
D.
18
year
old
2.
Lin
Tao,
an
boy,
was
very
brave
and
helped
his
classmates
run
out
of
the
classroom
when
the
earthquake
happened.
A.
8-year-old
B.
8
year
old
C.
8-years-old
D.
8
year
olds
3.
Though
it
is
a
_____
job,
he
still
devotes
much
time
and
energy
to
it.
A.
poor-paying
B.
poorly-paying
C.
poorly-paid
D.
poor-paid
4.
His
_____
English
is
very
good,
because
he
is
from
Australia,
an
_____
country.
A.
spoken;
English-spoken
B.
speaking;
English-speaking
C.
spoken;
English-speaking
D.
speaking;
English-speaking
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
第一组
5.
When
I
saw
the
big
snake,
I
__________(panic)
and
did
not
know
what
to
do.
6.
They
were
eventually
persuaded
by
the
police
__________(give)
themselves
up.
7.
The
girl
didn’t
account
__________
the
fact
why
she
ran
out
of
money
so
soon.
8.
The
host
family
treat
me
so
kind
as
if
I
__________(be)
one
of
the
family
members.
9.
Last
night,
there
were
millions
of
people
__________(watch)
the
opening
ceremony
live
on
TV.
10.
Walking
towards
the
scene,
Tennyson
felt
very
upset
about
__________
had
happened
to
the
couple.
11.
Teddy
looked
__________(curious)
at
the
strange
box
from
time
to
time.
12.
The
criminal
was
brought
in,
with
his
hands
__________(tie)
behind
his
back.
13.
This
theory
assumes
(假设)
that
you
and
your
friend
would
not
lie
__________
each
other.
14.
Some
think
technology
creates
more
problems
than
it
solves,
and
may
__________(threat)
or
damage
the
quality
of
life.
第二组
15.
The
heavy
rain
lessened
__________(gradual)
and
stopped
at
last.
16.
The
coach
remarked
__________
the
great
progress
that
this
ping-pong
player
made
in
these
competitions.
17.
I
regret
to
inform
you
he
died
as
__________
consequence
of
serious
head
injuries.
18.
We
will
end
up
__________
(live)
in
a
society
where
science
and
technology
is
highly
developed.
19.
China
is
a
country
with
vast
land,
which
is
abundant
__________
tourism
resources.
20.
These
leftovers
can’t
be
eaten
for
now;
you’d
better
__________
(heat)
them
first
by
a
microwave.
21.
__________
high
buildings
we
are
going
to
build,
“Safety
First”
is
our
slogan.
22.
It
took
all
the
fun
out
of
the
occasion
__________
people
on
board
found
the
ship
was
going
to
hit
the
glacier.
23.
I’ve
come
to
the
point
__________
I
can’t
stand
her
arguing
any
longer.
24.
__________
(inform)
that
his
mother
was
ill,
Li
Lei
hurried
home
immediately.
第三组
25.
I
have
quite____________tight
schedule,
so
I
have
to
work
overtime
to
finish
this
marketing
report.
pared
with
the
achievements
of
his
friends,
he
thinks
his
work
is
far___________satisfactory.
27.
The
funniest
moment
for
a
television
news
reporter
may
involve
keeping
a
straight
face
for______(humor)stories.
28.
I’d
like
to
talk
with
one
of
your____________(consult).I
need
some
suggestions
on
how
to
market
my
product.
29.
We
were
delayed
at
the
airport.
Otherwise
we________________(be)here
by
lunch
time.
30.
He
tried
to
cover
up
his
mistake,
but_________________vain.
31.
It
is
really___________(refresh)to
climb
mountains
and
enjoy
the
beauty
of
nature
at
the
bright
and
clear
time
in
autumn.
32.
I
don't
know
how
they
managed__________(raise)
four
children
when
they
were
as
poor
as
church
mice.
33.
His
computer
broke
down
and
he
had
to
pay
to
get
it____________(repair).
34.
Only
when
we
realize
the
importance
of
helping
each
other
can
we
be
devoted
to________(build)a
harmonious
society.
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It
is
a
great35.
(true)
that
life
is
difficult.
Once
we
really
understand
and
accept
it,
then
life
is
no
longer
difficult.
36.
,
most
of
us
do
not
fully
see
it.
They
just
complain
about
their
problems
and
difficulties
as
if
life
should
be
easy.
37.
makes
life
difficult
is
that
the
process
of
facing
and
solving
problems
is
a
really
painful
one.
Problems,
38.
(base)
on
their
nature,
cause
sadness
or
regret
or
anger
or
fear.
These
are
39.
(comfort)
feelings,
often
as
painful
as
any
kind
of
physical
pain.
It
is
in
the
whole
process
of
solving
problems
40.
life
has
its
meaning.
Problems
are
the
serious
test
that
tells
us
success
from
failure.
When
we
want
to
strengthen
the
growth
of
human
spirit,
we
encourage
the
human
ability
41.
(solve)
problems,
just
as
in
school
we
set
problems
for
our
children
to
deal
with.
42.
(learn)
from
the
pain
of
meeting
and
working
out
problems
is43.
great
benefit.
As
Benjamin
Franklin
said,
“Those
things
that
hurt,
instruct.”
For
this
reason,
wise
people
learn
not
to
fear
but
to
welcome44.
pain
of
problems.
