2021届高考二轮英语语法专训
06.
名词和数词
重点一
名词的数★★★★★
1.可数名词单数变复数
①一般情况下，在词尾直接加?s：book→books,
mouth→mouths,
house→houses,
girl→girls。
②以?s、
?x、
?ch、
?sh结尾的名词，在词尾加?es：glass→glasses,
box→boxes,
match→matches,
brush→brushes，特殊：stomachs。
③以辅音字母加?y结尾的名词，变y为i再加?es：city→cities,
country→countries,
party→parties,
factory→factories。
④以?o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加?s，但下列名词要加?es，即Negroes、
heroes、
echoes、
potatoes、
tomatoes。
下列以?o结尾的名词既可以加?es，也可以加?s：zeros
(zeroes)、
mosquitos
(mosquitoes)、
volcanos
(volcanoes)。
⑤以?f或?fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般需要把f或fe去掉，加?ves，即selves、
lives、
thieves、
wives、
knives、
leaves、
shelves、
wolves、
halves。
下列单词可在其后直接加s，如beliefs、
roofs等；下列以?f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加?ves，也可以直接加?s，如handkerchiefs
(handkerchieves)、
scarfs
(scarves)。
⑥合成名词变成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如：sons?in?law;
passers?by;
story?tellers;_grown?ups;_housewives。
2．有些名词复数形式不是以加－s或－es构成，它们的不规则构成形式如下：
变化规则
例词
变内部元音
man→men，woman→women，foot→feet，mouse→mice，goose→geese，tooth→teeth
词尾加－en或－ren
ox→oxen，child→children
单复数同形
fish,
sheep,
deer,
means
(方式；方法),
series,
Chinese,
Swiss
3.有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等，如congratulations
(祝贺)、
regards
(问候)、
respects
(敬意)、
thanks
(谢谢)、
wishes
(祝愿)、
works
(作品；著作)等。
4．一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，常见的有：make
friends
with
(与……交朋友)、
shake
hands
with
...
(与……握手)、
take
measures
(采取措施)、
make
preparations
for
(为……做准备)、
in
high
spirits
(兴高采烈地)、
burst
into
tears
(放声大哭)等。
5．常考的不可数名词
(1)表物质的不可数名词：baggage/luggage
(行李)、
cash
(现金)、
meat
(肉)、
paper
(纸张)等。
(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词：work
(工作)、
knowledge
(知识)、
luck
(运气)、
scenery
(风景)、
traffic
(交通)等。
(3)永远不可数的重点名词：advice
(建议)、
equipment
(设备)、
fun
(乐趣)、
furniture
(家具)、
progress
(进步)、
news/word
(消息)等。
(单句填空)
1．(2018·浙江高考改编)One
study
showed
that
(woman)
who
drank
a
lot
of
coffee,
like
eight
or
more
cups
per
day,
while
they
were
pregnant
were
more
likely
to
have
________
(child)
with
birth
defects.
答案与解析 women;
children 根据该句中的代词they和第一空前无表示“一”的限定词，可知，第一空应用复数形式，填women;
第二空在句中做宾语，且与句中已有的主语they一致，应用复数形式，填children。
2．(2018·浙江高考)Making
Chinese
________
(dish)
is
seen
as
especially
troublesome.
答案与解析 dishes 句意：做中国菜是件麻烦事。Chinese
dish不止一种，故dish应用复数形式。
牢记：以sh、_ch、_x、_s结尾的名词变复数，在词尾加es。_但stomach变复数直接加s。
3．At
the
last
weekend
of
November,
I
drove
to
Fragrant
Hills
Park
to
see
red
________
(leaf)
with
my
wife.
答案与解析 leaves 句意：在11月份的最后一个周末，我开车和妻子去香山公园看红叶。leaf是可数名词，根据语境可知，该处用leaf的复数形式。
4．Though
I
said
I
wasn't
going
to
do
it,
my
________
(foot)
carried
me
toward
the
pool.
答案与解析 feet foot是可数名词，且此处由语境可知，应该指的是“我的双脚”，故用复数形式。
重点二
名词的格与名词做定语★★★★★
名词具有格的概念，用来表示名词之间的所有关系，分为of所有格(如a
waste
of
time浪费时间)，'s所有格(如the
boy's
book)以及双重所有格(如any
friends
of
yours)。由于不清楚句意和名词之间的关系，学生经常混淆名词所有格与名词做定语。
名词做定语可以用来修饰另一个名词，表示材料、类别、用途等，做定语的名词有以下三种形式：
(1)一般用单数形式。如a
stone
bridge
(石桥)、
a
meeting
room
(会议室)、
morning
exercises
(早操)、
London
Airport
(伦敦机场)、
a
story
book
(故事书)、
a
shoe
shop
(鞋店)；
(2)man、
woman要与所修饰的名词的数保持一致。如a
woman
teacher
(一位女教师)、
two
women
teachers
(两位女教师)；
(3)sports、
sales、
clothes、
goods、
arts、
customs等一般用复数形式。如a
sports
meet
(运动会)、
a
goods
train
(货运列车)、
a
customs
officer
(海关官员)、
a
sales
manager
(销售部经理)。
(单句填空)
5．Since
most
students
are
in
need
of
a
nap,
proper
arrangements
should
be
made
so
that
students
can
have
a
good
rest
after
a
whole
________
(morning)
hard
work.
答案与解析 morning's 此处表示一上午的努力学习之后，该空修饰名词短语hard
work，与hard
work之间是所属关系，故应填名词所有格。
6．This
has
not
only
encouraged
plant
growth
in
the
area,
but
also
helped
in
increasing
the
water
table
in
the
surrounding
areas
________
the
farm.
答案与解析 of 句意：这不仅促进了该地区植物的生长，还提高了农场周边地区的地下水位。根据语境可知，the
farm与the
surrounding
areas为所属关系，所以用of所有格。
重点三
数词★★★★★
数词属于高考试题中不常考查的冷点，主要涉及基数词和序数词的基本用法，序数词前的修饰语以及由基数词构成的短语等。
1．序数词一般由基数词加?th构成。以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时，先把y变为i，再加?eth。如the
twentieth/fiftieth。不规则的序数词有以下几个：first、
second、
third、
fifth、
eighth、
ninth、
twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the，但当序数词不表示顺序而表示“再一”“又一”时，要用不定冠词。
2．年龄、年代的表达：①表达“在某人几十多岁”用“in
one's＋逢十的基数词的复数”；②表达“在几十年代”用“in
the＋逢十的基数词的复数”。
3．基数词dozen、
score、
hundred、
thousand、
million等表示确切数目时不能加?s，其前可用数词或several、
some等修饰，此时其后通常不跟of(后有these、
those或代词宾格时可跟of)；表示“数以百万计”“数以千计”等笼统数目时，要加?s，其前不能用数词，其后可跟of。
4．基数词可与名词等构成合成形容词，用连字符连接，做前置定语，其中的名词应使用单数形式，如a
four?hour
journey。
5．分数表达法：分子应用基数词，分母应用序数词。分子大于1时，分母应用序数词的复数形式，如：two?sevenths七分之二。
(单句填空)
7．The
Food
and
Agricultural
Organization
of
the
United
Nations
says
about
one
________
(three)
of
the
food
produced
worldwide
each
year
is
wasted
or
lost.
答案与解析 third 根据语境
“三分之一的食物被浪费或流失”可知此处指三分之一，结合空前的one可知该空填序数词third。
8．The
three
of
them
then
go
to
another
hotel
room
where
a
________
(four)
man
actually
has
the
painting.
答案与解析 fourth 此处指“又一个人”，
应用a
＋序数词，故填
fourth。
9．He
is
now
in
his
________
(thirty)
and
has
been
teaching
for
almost
ten
years.
答案与解析 thirties “in
one's
＋基数词的复数形式”表“在某人几十多岁时”。in
one's
thirties
“在某人三十几岁时”。
10．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)In
the
summer
holiday
following
my
________
(eighteen)
birthday,
I
took
driving
lessons.
答案与解析 eighteenth 此处表示“我”的18岁生日，即“我”的第18个生日，表示顺序而不是数量，故应用序数词。基数词表示数量或数目的多少，如two_apples、one_hundred_days；而序数词表示顺序或等级，如：in_the_twenty－first_century;_in_the_eighth_lunar_month。
【
技巧】
▲核心技法回顾
1．名词前有one
of
the时用名词复数形式。
2．名词前有many、
several、
few、
a
few、
a
number
of、
hundreds
of、
a
couple
of、
all、
both、
other等表“多”的数量词时用名词复数形式。
3．名词前有超过1的基数词，如two、
three等时，名词用复数形式。
4．名词前有形容词different、
various等时，名词用复数形式。
5．序数词的正确拼写形式和年龄年代的表达法，容易丢分。
▲语法填空解题技法练习
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Then,
when
I
was
in
the
________
(five)
grade,
I
wanted
to
be
a
teacher
because
I
liked
my
English
teacher
very
much.
答案与解析 fifth 年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的，所以“在几年级”中的数词需要用序数词，故填fifth。如果是grade在前，则可以用基数词。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)A
mere
five
to
ten
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
________
(cause)．
答案与解析 causes cause做“原因”讲时，是可数名词，根据设空前的all可知，设空处应用复数名词，故填causes。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She
has
turned
down
several
________
(invitation)
to
star
at
shows
in
order
to
concentrate
on
her
studies.
答案与解析 invitations 句意：为了专心学业，她已经拒绝了几场走秀。根据设空前的several可知，设空所填名词应用复数形式。句中应记牢的短语：turn_down_“拒绝”；concentrate_on_“专心于”。
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)My
name
is
Mireya
Mayor.
I'm
a
________
(science)
who
studies
animals
such
as
apes
and
monkeys.
答案与解析 scientist 分析句子成分可知该空在句中做表语，说明主语的身份，表“是什么”，应用名词，结合语境“我是研究猿和猴子等动物的科学家”可知，填名词scientist。
5．Two
of
my
________
(hero)
have
completed
a
big
project.
答案与解析 heroes 根据空前的Two
of
my可知此处应用复数名词，故填heroes。
6．“I
have
devoted
my
past
years
to
the
library
and
will
keep
her
company
in
the
following
years，”
said
the
man
in
his
________
(sixty)．
答案与解析 sixties 该处是固定短语，in
one's
sixties
“在某人六十多岁时”。
7．Last
year's
________
(theme)
were
“No
Vehicle
Day”
“No
TV
Day”
and
“No
Phones
Day”．
答案与解析 themes theme是可数名词，根据本句谓语动词were可知，该空应填复数名词。
8．This
year,
the
family
had
their
reunion
on
the
________
(six)
day
of
the
Golden
Week
holiday
in
China.
答案与解析 sixth 设空前是定冠词the,
此处指黄金周的第六天，故填序数词sixth。
9．You
have
a
strong
sense
of
style
and
you
can
make
________
(friend)
and
conquer
enemies
with
your
charm.
答案与解析 friends 设空在句中与设空前的make构成动词短语make
friends
with
“与……交朋友”，
friend应用复数形式。
10．Youth
seems
to
be
fading
away
in
my
life,
only
leaving
me
some
unforgettable
________
(memory)．
答案与解析 memories 句意：青春似乎在我的生活中消逝，只留给我一些难以忘怀的记忆。memory做“回忆”讲时是可数名词，根据句中的some可知，空格处用复数名词。以辅音字母加y结尾的非专有名词变复数时，变y为i再加?es。
11．“Fan”，
a
Chinese
word
for
“turn
over”，
is
considered
bad
luck
for
________
(fisherman)
and
their
boats.
答案与解析 fishermen 根据设空后的their可知，设空处应填复数名词。
fisherman的复数形式是fishermen。
Ⅱ.易错练习
1．Tea
is
considered
one
of
the
seven
________
(necessity)
of
Chinese
life,
along
with
firewood,
rice,
oil,
salt,
soy
sauce
and
vinegar.
答案与解析 necessities 该空前有seven修饰，故该空填可数名词necessity“必需品”的复数形式。
2．On
the
wall
of
the
classroom
are
taped
________
(envelope),
and
each
has
on
it
the
name
of
someone
on
site.
答案与解析 envelopes 分析句子可知，此句是倒装句；根据be动词are可知，主语用名词复数形式。
3．They
are
slender,
gray
birds,
with
white
________
(stomach)
and
white
patches
on
their
wings
and
tails.
答案与解析 stomachs 此题部分考生可能会把stomach的复数形式误写为stomaches。句意：它们是细长的灰鸟，腹部白色，翅膀和尾巴上有白色的斑点。stomach为可数名词，其前无冠词，再结合句意可知，此处应用复数形式。以s,
x,
sh,
ch结尾的名词变复数时一般加?es，但stomach比较特殊，直接加?s构成复数。
4．Two
________
(three)
of
adults
say
that
they
come
together
to
share
at
least
three
times
a
week,
even
if
it
is
not
necessarily
around
a
dining
table.
答案与解析 thirds 句意：三分之二的成年人说，他们每周至少聚在一起分享三次，即使没必要围绕着餐桌。分数表达法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1时，分母则要用序数词的复数形式。如：three
fourths四分之三，one/a
fifth五分。
5．Terms
were
developed
through
the
observation
of
changes
of
seasons,
astronomy
and
other
natural
________
(phenomenon)
in
this
region
and
have
been
progressively
applied
nationwide.
答案与解析 phenomena 根据设空前的other可知，可数名词phenomenon应用复数形式，其复数形式为
phenomena。
牢记：特殊的名词复数形式：medium—media,_child—children,_bacterium—bacteria。
【
能力】
一、单项选择
1.
Our
main
______behind
buying
European
stocks
has
been
the
drop
in
the
euro
which
makes
exports
from
European
countries
more
competitive.
A.
argument
B.
factor
C.
discovery
D.
capability
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们买欧洲股票的主要理由是欧元的下跌，这使得欧洲各国出口更具有竞争力。A.argument
理由；论据；B.factor
因素；
C.discovery发现；
D.capability能力。该空所选名词在句中作主语，根据下文“欧元下跌使欧洲出口贸易更有竞争力”是“购买欧洲股票的理由”。故选A项。
2.
Some
countries
are
increasing
their
use
of
natural
gas,
and
other
forms
of
.
A.
source
B.
energy
C.
power
D.
material
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些国家正在增加使用天然气和其他形式的能源。A.
source（信息）来源；B.
energy能源；C.
power力量，权力；D.
material材料。根据句意和句中“natural
gas”可知，天然气是一种“能源”，因此句中指的是其他形式的“能源”，energy意为“能源”，名词词性，符合句意。故选B项。
3.
According
to
the
report
presented
by
the
police,
the
cause
of
the
car
accident
was
given
as
an
engine
________.
A.
shock
B.
power
C.
failure
D.
crash
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词。句意：根据警方提交的报告，车祸的原因被认为是发动机故障。A.
shock震惊，休克；B.
power力量，权力；C.
failure失败，故障；D.
crash坠毁，奔溃。根据句意和空前的engine可知，事故发生的原因是发动机故障，engine
failure表示“发动机故障”。故选C项。
4.
Universal
______
to
education
is
the
ability
of
all
people
to
have
equal
opportunity
in
education,
regardless
of
their
social
class,
ethnicity,
background
or
physical
disabilities.
A.
application
B.
access
C.
admission
D.
attempt
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：普及教育是所有人都有平等的受教育机会的能力，不论其社会阶层、种族、背景或身体残疾。A.
application申请；B.
access通道、入径、(使用或见到的)机会/权利；C.
admission准许加入；D.
attempt尝试。由句意可知，此处指“受教育的机会”，access
to...（使用……的机会/权利）。故选B项。
5.
They
deserve
punishment
which
matches
the
________
of
their
crime.
A.
justice
B.
expense
C.
gravity
D.
gratitude
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们应该受到与他们罪行的严重性相称的惩罚。A.
justice正义，法官；B.
expense消费，开支；C.
gravity严重性，地心引力；D.
gratitude感激。根据句意及常识可知，惩罚应该与罪行的严重性相称。故选C项。
6.
She
was
finally
following
her
________,
writing
what
she
needed
to
write
and
that
made
her
the
happiest
of
them
all.
A.
dimension
B.
association
C.
recreation
D.
passion
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她终于开始追随自己的热爱，写下自己需要写的东西，这让她成为了最快乐的人。A.
dimension
尺寸，体积，维度；B.
association
协会，联盟，社团；C.
recreation
娱乐，消遣；D.
passion激情，热情，酷爱。由句意得知，空格处应指她所热爱的事情。故选D项。
7.
Mr.
Lee
was
thinking
how
to
solve
the
problem
when
suddenly
he
had
a
________
of
inspiration.
A.
cash
B.
flash
C.
dash
D.
crash
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：李先生正在考虑如何解决这个问题，突然灵光一闪。A.
cash现金；B.
flash闪光；C.
dash破折号；D.
crash崩溃。根据句意及空后inspiration可知，此处指“灵光一闪”。故选D。
8.
The
couple
was
initially
looking
forward
to
having
an
overseas
wedding
but
had
to
drop
the
idea
after
facing______
from
parents.
A.
recognition
B.
toleration
C.
opposition
D.
composition
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇最初希望在海外举行婚礼，但在父母的反对下不得不放弃了这个想法。A.
recognition识别，承认；B.
toleration宽容，忍受；C.
opposition反对；
D.
composition作品。根据上文“The
couple
was
initially
looking
forward
to
having
an
overseas
wedding
but
had
to
drop
the
idea
after
facing”可知，but表示转折，说明父母反对这对夫妇在海外举行婚礼的想法，故选C。
9.
The
hotel
has
been
in
bad
condition
these
days,
thus
making
complaints
from
customers
seem
to
be
an
everyday
________.
A.
outline
B.
occupation
C.
occurrence
D.
organ
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些天酒店的状况很差，因此顾客的投诉似乎是每天都发生的事。A.
outline
大纲；B.
occupation职业；C.
occurrence事件；D.
organ器官。根据“The
hotel
has
been
in
bad
condition
these
days,”可知，酒店状况差，顾客的投诉是每天都发生的事件。故选C。
10.
We
have
many
animals
on
the
farm,
including
three____________
and
six____________
.
A.
sheeps;
chickens
B.
sheeps;
chicken
C.
sheep;
chickens
D.
sheep;
chicken
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词单复数。句意：我们农场上有很多动物，其中包括三只羊和六只鸡。sheep意为“羊”，单复数同形；chicken含义为“小鸡，鸡肉”，作“小鸡”讲时为可教名词；作“鸡肉”讲时为不可数名词。根据animals可知这里指的是动物。故选C项。
11.
___________of
the
boys
in
our
class
___________going
to
join
the
army.
A.
Two
fifths;
is
B.
Second
fifths;
are
C.
Second
fifths;
is
D.
Two
fifths;
are
【答案】D
【解析】考查分数表达及其用法。句意：我们班五分之二的男孩子都要去参军。分数表达法为：分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于一时，分母用复数。所以五分之二应用two
fifths。常用搭配“分数+of+名词”作主语，谓语动词与名词相一致，主语boys是复数形式，所以be动词用are。故选D项。
12.
With
the
help
of
the
foreign
experts,
this
factory
produced
________cars
parts
in
2006
as
the
year
before.
A.
As
twice
many
B.
as
many
as
twice
C.
as
twice
as
many
D.
twice
as
many
【答案】D
【解析】考查倍数。句意：在外国专家的帮助下，这家工厂2006年生产的汽车零件是前一年的两倍。根据倍数的表达结构“倍数+as+形容词或副词+as”可知，D符合题意。故选D项。
13.
Paper
bags
produced
every
year
are
_______
the
world’s
production
of
vehicles.
A.
three
time
weight
of
B.
as
three
times
heavy
as
C.
three
times
the
weight
of
D.
three
times
as
heavier
as
【答案】C
【解析】考查倍数表达法。句意：每年生产的纸带的重量是全球生产的汽车总量的三倍。倍数放在as...as/比较级/the
length/size/width/height
of等的前面，排除B；as...as中间用形容词或副词的原级，排除D，选项A的表达错误，应该是three
times
the
/length/size/width/height
of。故选C。
14.
In
the
UK,
people
consume
________
meat
products
such
as
chicken,
beef,
pork
and
lamb.
A.
a
large
amount
of
B.
a
plenty
of
C.
a
large
quantity
D.
quantities
of
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：在英国人们消费大量的肉制品，如鸡肉、牛肉、猪肉和羊肉。A.
a
large
amount
of大量的，修饰不可数名词，根据后文meat
products为可数名词，故排除A选项；B.
a
plenty
of搭配错误，正确短语为plenty
of表示“大量，许多”；a
large
quantity
of和quantities
of都表示“许多”，修饰可数或不可数名词，C选项缺少介词of。故选D。
15.
Asia,
in
the
east
of
the
world,
is
four
times
Europe.
A.
Locating...as
large
as
B.
located...the
size
of
C.
locating...larger
than
D.
located
...as
larger
than
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词和倍数问题。句意：亚洲位于世界的东方，面积是欧洲的四倍。be
located
in位于，坐落于，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。倍数的表达有：A+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+
than
+B；A+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+
as
+B；A+倍数+the
size/height/length/width
+
of
+B。故选B。
16.
Lily’s
dress
looked
just
the
same
as
Rose’s,
but
it
cost_________hers.
A.
as
twice
much
as
B.
as
much
as
twice
as
C.
twice
as
much
as
D.
as
much
twice
as
【答案】C
【解析】考查倍数表达法。句意：莉莉的裙子看起来和露丝的一样，但价钱是她的两倍。倍数的表达方式为：A+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+
than
+B；A+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+
as
+
B；A+倍数+the
size/height/length/width,
etc
+
of
+B。故选C。
17.
—David,
how
old
is
your
father
this
year?
—______.
And
we
just
had
a
special
party
for
his
_____
birthday
last
weekend.
A.
Fortieth;
forty
B.
Forty;
forty
C.
Forty;
fortieth
D.
Fortieth;
fortieth
【答案】C
【解析】考查数词。句意：——大卫，你爸爸今年多大了？——四十岁。上周末我们为他四十岁生日举办了一个特别的派对。询问年龄，需要用基数词回答，所以第一空处需用基数词forty；表示某人多少岁的生日需用序数词，所以第二空处需用fortieth，表示父亲第四十岁的生日。故选C。
18.
The
output
of
this
year
is
three
times
______
it
was
in
2015.
A.
as
B.
than
C.
what
D.
that
【答案】C
【解析】考查倍数表达。句意：今年的产量是2015年的三倍。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是倍数表达中的“...times+what从句”结构。故选C。
19.
The
new
stadium
being
built
for
the
next
Asian
Games
will
be
______
the
present
one。
A.
as
three
times
big
as
B.
three
times
as
big
as
C.
as
big
as
three
times
D.
as
big
three
times
as
【答案】B
【解析】考查倍数表达法。句意：为下届亚运会在建的新体育馆将是现在体育馆的三倍大。本句用的是倍数表达法的一种：A
+be
+
倍数
+
as
+
adj
+
as
+
B，意为：A是B的多少倍，故B正确。
20.
The
phenomenon
that
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
has
attracted
________
attention.
A.
a
huge
number
of
B.
a
large
sum
of
C.
a
great
deal
of
D.
a
great
many
【答案】C
【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：这个现象表明地球正在变暖引起了很多关注。A.
a
large
number
of
大量的、许多；B.a
large
sum
of
一大笔；C.a
great
deal
of
许多；D.a
great
many
许多。由语意可知，地球变暖引起许多关注，可排除B选项，
a
large
number
of
/a
great
many后加可数名词复数，a
great
deal
of
后加不可数名词。attention为不可数名词,
故选C项。
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
21.
In______（anticipate）
of
bad
weather
they
take
plenty
of
warm
clothes.
【答案】anticipation
【解析】考查短语。句意：由于预料到天气不好，他们会穿很多暖和的衣服。短语In
anticipation
of，意为“预料到”，根据句意，故填anticipation。
22.
Additionally,
I'm
crazy
to
learn
how
to
appreciate
western
paintings,
and
it
can't
be
better
if
you
can
tell
us
some__________(trick)
about
how
to
paint.
【答案】tricks
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：此外，我很想学习如何欣赏西方绘画，如果你能告诉我们一些绘画技巧，那就再好不过了。trick表示“技巧”为可数名词，由some修饰，应用复数。故填
tricks。
23.
After
you
exercise
,
you
continue
to
burn_________（calorie）throughout
the
day.
【答案】calories
【解析】考查可数名词单复数。句意：运动后，你会持续燃烧一整天的卡路里。由于设空前没有表示单数意义的词，calorie卡路里（热量单位），为可数名词，故该空应用名词复数形式calories。故填calories。
24.
He
won't
have
the
children
play_________（trick）on
the
old
man.
【答案】tricks
【解析】考查名词/固定短语。句意：他不允许孩子们捉弄那位老人。由句意及提示词可知，此处为固定短语play
tricks
on
sb，表示“捉弄某人”，故填tricks。
25.
Have
you
joined
the
teachers'___________(associate)
so
far?
【答案】association
【解析】考查名词。句意：到目前为止，你加入教师协会了吗？分析句子结构，teachers'为名词所有格，修饰名词，空处需填名词作宾语。associate的名词形式是association意为“协会”。故填association。
26.
Scientists
worry
that
________（expose）to
light
while
sleeping
can
increase
a
person's
chances
of
getting
cancer.
【答案】exposure
【解析】考查名词。句意：科学家担心睡觉时暴露在光线下会增加患癌症的机会。宾语从句的谓语是
can
increase，此空缺名词作宾语从句的主语，动词expose的名词是
exposure。故填exposure。
27.
To
my
delight,
I
was
chosen
from
hundreds
of
________（
applicant）
to
attend
the
opening
ceremony.
【答案】applicants
【解析】考查名词。
句意：令我高兴的是，我从数百名申请人中被选中参加开幕式。hundreds
of，意为“数以百计的”，修饰可数名词复数，故填applicants。
28.
The
most
valuable
________（firm）are
Google.
Amazon,
Facebook
and
Microsoft.
【答案】firms
【解析】考查名词。句意：最有价值的公司是谷歌、亚马孙、脸书和微软。分析可知空格处是句子的主语，故填名词，根据空格后的are知空格处用名词复数。故填firms。
29.
In
college,
there
are
so
many
good
chances
for
you
to
meet
your
________（expect）.
【答案】expectations
【解析】考查名词。句意：在大学里，有那么多好机会让你达到你的期望。形容词性物主代词your修饰名词。你的期望不止一个，故用复数形式，此处名词作meet的宾语。故填expectations。
30.
With
high
________
（motivate）and
enthusiasm,
we
can
keep
on
learning.
【答案】motivation
【解析】考查名词。句意：有了很高的动力和热情，我们才能继续学习。根据空后的and
enthusiasm可知，与名词
enthusiasm对应的是名词。故填motivation。
31.
The
woman
scientist
later
died
of
injuries
related
to
the
________（expose）
to
the
harmful
substance.
【答案】exposure
【解析】考查名词。句意：这位女科学家后来死于与接触有害物质有关的伤害。定冠词the后接名词形式，作介词to之后的宾语，exposure为不可数名词。根据句意，故填exposure。
32.
He
applied
________
the
position
as
a
senior
administrator
of
the
department,
but
his
________（apply）was
not
approved.
(用适当的词填空)
【答案】for
application
【解析】考查短语和名词。句意：他申请部门高级管理员职位，但申请未获批准。分析可知，短语apply
for，意为“申请”，根据句意，第一空填for；第二个空处为主语，应用名词形式，application，故填①for②application。
33.
We
have
received
hundreds
of
job
________（application）so
far.
【答案】applications
【解析】考查名词。句意：到目前为止，我们已经收到了数百份工作申请。分析句子可知，设空处为宾语，应用名词，hundreds
of，意为“数以百计的”，修饰可数名词复数，故填applications。
34.
The
ten
women
astronauts
were
selected
from
among
1,000
________(applicant).
【答案】applicants
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：这十位女宇航员是从1000名申请者中挑选出来的。空处需用名词作介词among的宾语，applicant申请者，可数名词，基数词1,000后需接可数名词复数。故填applicants。
35.
We
are
confident
in
our
________（expect）of
a
full
recover.
【答案】expectation
【解析】考查名词。句意：我们对完全康复的期望充满信心。分析句子结构，该空作介词in的宾语，用名词，expectation表抽象意义，不可数。故填expectation。
36.
The
__________
(major)
of
the
students
came
to
visit
their
teacher
when
he
was
ill.
【答案】majority
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：老师生病时，大多数学生来看望他。根据空格前的定冠词the以及该空作句子主语可知，此处需要填入名词。又根据句意可知，此处表示“大多数”，固定短语the
majority
of译为“大多数”。故填majority。
37.
The
living
room
of
the
house
is
double
the______________(long)
of
the
bedroom
which
suits
the
family
pretty
well.
【答案】length
【解析】考查倍数表示法。句意：这个房子的客厅是卧室的两倍长，非常适合这个家庭。……倍数+the
size（length，height…）of表示“……大小（长度，高度）是……的几倍”，该空需要填名词，故填length。
38.
Though
the
old
man
is
in
his
____________
(nine),
he
is
still
very
healthy.
【答案】nineties
【解析】考查名词。句意：虽然这位老人已经九十多岁了，但他仍然很健康。在某人多大的时候用in
one's
+年龄的复数，这是个固定用法。故填nineties。
39.
Using
his
hybrid
rice,
farmers
are
producing
harvests
twice
as
_________(largely)
as
before.
【答案】large
【解析】考查形容词。句意：使用他的杂交水稻，农民的庄稼收成是以前的两倍。此处修饰名词harvests应用形容词large。as...as之间用形容词原级，短语twice
as
large
as表示“两倍多”。故填large。
40.
Man
has
lived
in
this
earth
for
perhaps
a
________
(million)
years.
【答案】million
【解析】考查数词。句意：人类在地球上生活了大约一百万年。million意为“一百万”，是数词，不定冠词a修饰，不加s。故填million。
三、语法填空
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Which
is
the
most
significant
classical
Chinese
painting?
According
to
Paul
Denlinger,
who
41.
(
come)
to
China
many
times
when
young,
it
should
be
Qingming
Shanghe
Tu
or
Along
the
River
During
the
Qingming
Festival.
This42.
(
create)
dates
back
to
the
Northern
Song
dynasty.
This
painting
is
important43.
several
reasons.
First,
up
until
this
time,
almost
all
Chinese
44.
(
painting)
were
landscapes,
which
did
not
feature
people
at
all
or
had
only
a
few
people.
45.
(
two)
,
this
is
the
first
scroll
(卷轴)painting
to
describe
both
Chinese
urban
and
suburban
life
during
the
period
in
the
capital,
Bianjing
(
now
Kaifeng,
in
Henan
province).
Third,
the
painting
is
highly
detailed,
46.
(
feature
)
shops
of
all
kinds
and
different
economic
activities
in
and
out
of
the
city.
People
are
able
to
see
the
Chinese
technologies
of
the
time,
which
helps
them
47.
great
deal
in
understanding
48.
the
Chinese
lived.
The
Beijing
Palace
Museum
keeps
the49.
(
origin)
Song
painting
and
one
of
its
famous
copies—the
Qing
version
50.
(
hold)
in
the
M
National
Palace
Museum”
in
Taipei.
【答案】
41.
came
42.
creation
43.
for
44.
paintings
45.
Second
46.
featuring
47.
a
48.
how
49.
original
50.
is
held
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了清明上河图为什么是最重要的中国古典绘画的原因。
41.
考查一般过去时。由“when
young”可知，定语从句为一般过去时，所以谓语动词为came。故填came。
42.
考查名词。分析句子可知，本句的主语为This___2___(
create)，所以this后接名词creation做句子的主语。故填creation。
43.
考查介词。for“因为”为介词符合句意，后接名词reasons作宾语。故填for。
44.
考查名词复数。painting为可数名词，且由all修饰，所以填名词复数paintings。故填paintings
。
45.
考查副词。分析句子可知，本句在说明清明上河图为什么重要的第二点原因，且由“First，
Third”也可知，空处填Second。故填Second。
46.
考查现在分词。分析句子可知，主语the
painting与feature在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填featuring。
47.
考查固定短语。a
great
deal“许多，大量”为固定短语。当副词表程度
，修饰形容词、副词或动词。故填a。
48.
考查连接副词。分析句子可知，understanding后接宾语从句，宾语从句缺少表示方式的连接副词how。故填
how。
49.
考查形容词。original为形容词修饰名词Song
painting。故填original。
50.
考查一般现在时的被动语态。分析句子可知，and并列连接两个句子，由“the
Beijing
Palace
Museum
keeps”可知，and之后的句子为一般现在时，主语
one
of
its
famous
copies—the
Qing
version与谓语hold为被动，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故填
is
held。
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
English
perfectly
shows
the
“network
effects”
of
a
global
tongue:
the
more
people
use
it,
the
more
useful
it
is.
Parents
expect
their
children
51.
(master)English,
which
is
encouraging
the
52.
(grow)of
private
schooling.
Education
authorities
are
switching
to
English
medium,
in
part
to
control
the
outflow(外流)
of
children
into
the
private
sector.
Teaching
children
in
English
is
fine
if
that
is
53.
they
speak
at
home
and
their
parents
are
fluent
54.
it.
But
that
is
not
55.
case
in
most
public
and
low-cost
private
schools.
Children
are
taught
in
a
language
they
don’t
understand
by
teachers
56.
English
is
poor.
The
children
learn
neither
English
nor
anything
else.
Research
shows
that
children
learn
57.
(much)when
they
are
taught
in
their
mother
tongue
than
they
do
when
they
are
taught
in
any
other
language.
In
a
study
of
children
in
12
schools
in
Cameroon
last
month,
those
taught
in
Kom
58.
(do)better
than
those
taught
in
English
in
all
subjects.
English
should
be
an
important
subject
at
school,
but
not
59.
(necessary)the
language
of
instruction.
Rather
than
switching
to
English-medium
teaching,
governments
fearful
of
60.
(lose)
custom
(光顾)
to
the
private
sector
should
look
at
the
many
possible
ways
of
improving
public
schools.
【答案】
51.
to
master
52.
growth
53.
what
54.
in
55.
the
56.
whose
57.
more
58.
did
59.
necessarily
60.
losing
【解析】这是一篇议论文。短文阐述了儿童教学宜采用母语，而非英语。
51.
考查动词不定式。expect
sb
to
do
sth
“期望某人做某事”为固定短语。故填
to
master。
52.
考查名词。
the
+名词+of...“。。。。。。。的”。故填growth。
53.
考查连接代词。分析句子可知，is后接表语从句。在表语从句中，what作speak的宾语。故填
what。
54.
考查介词。be
fluent
in“在......方面流利”为固定短语。故填in。
55.
考查冠词。this
is
not
the
case“情况不是这样”为固定短语。故填the。
56.
考查关系代词。分析句子可知，teachers
为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作定语，所以关系代词为whose。故填whose。
57.
考查形容词比较级。由“than”可知，空处应填much的比较级more。故填more。
58.
考查一般过去时。由“last
month”可知，本句为一般过去时。所以空处填did。故填did
。
59.
考查副词。necessarily为副词修饰整个句子。故填necessarily。
60.
考查动名词。of
为介词后接动名词作宾语。故填losing。
3
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
According
to
an
announcement
by
Sergey
Kravtsov,
Russian
vice
minister
of
education
and
science,
Sputnik
news
reported,
Russia’s
national
college
entrance
exam
will
include
Mandarin
as
61.
elective
foreign
language
starting
from
2019.
Chinese
will
become
the
62.
(five)
elective
test
item
for
the
Unified
State
Exam
in
addition
to
English,
German,
French
and
Spanish.
The
number
of
Chinese
learners
in
Russia
63.
(rise)
quickly
in
the
past
decade,
according
to
a
survey
64.
(carry)
out
by
a
linguistic
research
center
in
Russia.
Approaches65.
learning
Chinese
vary
from
person
to
person,
with
more
and
more
people66.
(choose)
university
courses
in
Russia.
The
three-hour-long
Chinese
test
will
quiz
students
on
67.
(they)
listening,
reading,
and
writing
abilities
and
a
fourth
section
will
examine
students
on
grammar,
vocabulary
and
Chinese
68.
(character).
Some
parts
in
the
exam
are
even
a
little
bit
difficult
for
native
Chinese
speakers.
Insiders
from
the
Russia
education
industry
confirmed
those69.
are
with
relevant
professional
background
and
Mandarin
proficiency(精通)
are
more
competitive
in
job
application.
According
to
the
Office
of
Chinese
Language
Council
International,
some
100
million
people,
excluding
native
speakers,
use
Chinese
70.
(global).
【答案】
61.
an
62.
fifth
63.
has
risen
64.
carried
65.
to
66.
choosing
67.
their
68.
characters
69.
who
70.
globally
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。俄罗斯的大学入学考试将把普通话作为选修外语。
61.
考查冠词。language指的是“（某国）语言”时为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且elective的首字母的发音为元音因素，所以用冠词an来修饰。故填an。
62.
考查序数词。the+序数词表示“第......”。本句表示第五，所以应用序数词fifth。故填fifth。
63.
考查现在完成时。由“in
the
past
decade”可知，本句为现在完成时，主语为The
number
of
Chinese
learners，谓语为has
risen。故填has
risen
。
64.
考查过去分词。分析句子可知，
survey
与carry
out在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填carried
。
65.
考查介词。approach
to
“......的方法”为固定短语。故填to。
66.
考查现在分词。分析句子可知，本句为with的复合结构作状语，people与choose在逻辑上是主动关系，所以应用现在分词。故填choosing
。
67.
考查代词。their为形容词性物主代词，修饰名词。故填their
。
68.
考查名词复数。character为可数名词，中国的汉字不止一个，所以应用character的复数。故填characters。
69.
考查关系代词。分析句子可知，those为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语，所以关系代词为who。故填who。
70.
考查副词。globally为副词修饰动词use。故填globally。
4
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入恰当的内容(1
个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
During
the
past
year
at
high
school,
I
had
many
experiences
71.
were
unforgettable.
One
of
them
was
when
our
class
72.
(prepare)
for
a
group
singing
competition.
In
order
to
win
the
competition,
we
went
all
out
for
it.
During
the
week
before
the
competition,
we
practiced
73.
(sing)
in
our
free
time.
Although
it
was
74.
hard
job,
every
participant
took
it
75.
(serious)
and
did
their
best.
Thanks
to
our
effort,
we
won
the
76.
(one)
prize.
Hearing
the
77.
(excite)
news,
we
were
all
wild
78.
joy.
The
moment
we
got
the
prize,
an
old
saying
hit
79.
(me)
mind----No
pains,
no
gains.
It
was
hard
work,
but
during
the
course
of
preparation,
we
developed
friendship,80.
(confident)
as
well
as
understanding.
【答案】
71.
which/that
72.
prepared
73.
singing
74.
a
75.
seriously
76.
first
77.
exciting
78.
with
79.
my
80.
confidence
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文中描述了作者在过去的高中生活中经历了一件难忘的事情。全班学生尽心尽力为唱歌比赛做准备的情况和最终获奖的情况。
71.
考查定语从句关系词。有两个谓语动词，故可知是两句话，所以此空填连词。指代many
experiences在句中作主语，故用指物的关系代词。句意为：在高中过去一年期间我有很多难忘的经历。故填which/that。
72.
考查时态。根据During
the
past
year
at
high
school可知，我们班为哥唱比赛作准备是过去发生的事情。故用一般过去时。句意为：其中有一次经历就是发生在我们班为歌咏比赛做准备的时候。故填prepared。
73.
考查习惯用法。practice
doing
something意为“练习做某事”。句意为：我们在空闲的时间练习唱歌。故填singing。
74.
考查冠词。句意为：虽然这是一个很艰难的工作，但是每一位选手都认真的对待，尽自己的最大力量。故填a。
75.
考查词性转换。副词修饰动词。句意为：同上。故填seriously。
76.
考查序数词。the后跟序数词。句意为：由于我们的努力，我们赢得了一等奖。故填first。
77.
考查词性转换。修饰名词需用形容词。news是物，故用exciting而不用excited。句意为：听到这个令人振奋的消息，我们都高兴得疯了起来。故填exciting。
78.
考查固定搭配。with
joy意为“高兴地，快乐地”。句意为：同上。故填with。
79.
考查形容词性物主代词。mind是名词，其前需要用形容词性物主代词。句意为：得奖的那一刻，我突然想起一个古老的谚语：不劳无获。故填my。
80.
考查词性转换。as
well
as连接三个对等成分，故应用名词形式。句意为：虽然是艰辛的工作，但是在准备期间我们培养了友谊，信心和理解。故填confidence。2021届高考二轮英语语法专训
06.
名词和数词
重点一
名词的数★★★★★
1.可数名词单数变复数
①一般情况下，在词尾直接加?s：book→books,
mouth→mouths,
house→houses,
girl→girls。
②以?s、
?x、
?ch、
?sh结尾的名词，在词尾加?es：glass→glasses,
box→boxes,
match→matches,
brush→brushes，特殊：stomachs。
③以辅音字母加?y结尾的名词，变y为i再加?es：city→cities,
country→countries,
party→parties,
factory→factories。
④以?o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加?s，但下列名词要加?es，即Negroes、
heroes、
echoes、
potatoes、
tomatoes。
下列以?o结尾的名词既可以加?es，也可以加?s：zeros
(zeroes)、
mosquitos
(mosquitoes)、
volcanos
(volcanoes)。
⑤以?f或?fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般需要把f或fe去掉，加?ves，即selves、
lives、
thieves、
wives、
knives、
leaves、
shelves、
wolves、
halves。
下列单词可在其后直接加s，如beliefs、
roofs等；下列以?f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加?ves，也可以直接加?s，如handkerchiefs
(handkerchieves)、
scarfs
(scarves)。
⑥合成名词变成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如：sons?in?law;
passers?by;
story?tellers;_grown?ups;_housewives。
2．有些名词复数形式不是以加－s或－es构成，它们的不规则构成形式如下：
变化规则
例词
变内部元音
man→men，woman→women，foot→feet，mouse→mice，goose→geese，tooth→teeth
词尾加－en或－ren
ox→oxen，child→children
单复数同形
fish,
sheep,
deer,
means
(方式；方法),
series,
Chinese,
Swiss
3.有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等，如congratulations
(祝贺)、
regards
(问候)、
respects
(敬意)、
thanks
(谢谢)、
wishes
(祝愿)、
works
(作品；著作)等。
4．一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，常见的有：make
friends
with
(与……交朋友)、
shake
hands
with
...
(与……握手)、
take
measures
(采取措施)、
make
preparations
for
(为……做准备)、
in
high
spirits
(兴高采烈地)、
burst
into
tears
(放声大哭)等。
5．常考的不可数名词
(1)表物质的不可数名词：baggage/luggage
(行李)、
cash
(现金)、
meat
(肉)、
paper
(纸张)等。
(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词：work
(工作)、
knowledge
(知识)、
luck
(运气)、
scenery
(风景)、
traffic
(交通)等。
(3)永远不可数的重点名词：advice
(建议)、
equipment
(设备)、
fun
(乐趣)、
furniture
(家具)、
progress
(进步)、
news/word
(消息)等。
(单句填空)
1．(2018·浙江高考改编)One
study
showed
that
(woman)
who
drank
a
lot
of
coffee,
like
eight
or
more
cups
per
day,
while
they
were
pregnant
were
more
likely
to
have
________
(child)
with
birth
defects.
2．(2018·浙江高考)Making
Chinese
________
(dish)
is
seen
as
especially
troublesome.
3．At
the
last
weekend
of
November,
I
drove
to
Fragrant
Hills
Park
to
see
red
________
(leaf)
with
my
wife.
4．Though
I
said
I
wasn't
going
to
do
it,
my
________
(foot)
carried
me
toward
the
pool.
重点二
名词的格与名词做定语★★★★★
名词具有格的概念，用来表示名词之间的所有关系，分为of所有格(如a
waste
of
time浪费时间)，'s所有格(如the
boy's
book)以及双重所有格(如any
friends
of
yours)。由于不清楚句意和名词之间的关系，学生经常混淆名词所有格与名词做定语。
名词做定语可以用来修饰另一个名词，表示材料、类别、用途等，做定语的名词有以下三种形式：
(1)一般用单数形式。如a
stone
bridge
(石桥)、
a
meeting
room
(会议室)、
morning
exercises
(早操)、
London
Airport
(伦敦机场)、
a
story
book
(故事书)、
a
shoe
shop
(鞋店)；
(2)man、
woman要与所修饰的名词的数保持一致。如a
woman
teacher
(一位女教师)、
two
women
teachers
(两位女教师)；
(3)sports、
sales、
clothes、
goods、
arts、
customs等一般用复数形式。如a
sports
meet
(运动会)、
a
goods
train
(货运列车)、
a
customs
officer
(海关官员)、
a
sales
manager
(销售部经理)。
(单句填空)
5．Since
most
students
are
in
need
of
a
nap,
proper
arrangements
should
be
made
so
that
students
can
have
a
good
rest
after
a
whole
________
(morning)
hard
work.
6．This
has
not
only
encouraged
plant
growth
in
the
area,
but
also
helped
in
increasing
the
water
table
in
the
surrounding
areas
________
the
farm.
重点三
数词★★★★★
数词属于高考试题中不常考查的冷点，主要涉及基数词和序数词的基本用法，序数词前的修饰语以及由基数词构成的短语等。
1．序数词一般由基数词加?th构成。以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时，先把y变为i，再加?eth。如the
twentieth/fiftieth。不规则的序数词有以下几个：first、
second、
third、
fifth、
eighth、
ninth、
twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the，但当序数词不表示顺序而表示“再一”“又一”时，要用不定冠词。
2．年龄、年代的表达：①表达“在某人几十多岁”用“in
one's＋逢十的基数词的复数”；②表达“在几十年代”用“in
the＋逢十的基数词的复数”。
3．基数词dozen、
score、
hundred、
thousand、
million等表示确切数目时不能加?s，其前可用数词或several、
some等修饰，此时其后通常不跟of(后有these、
those或代词宾格时可跟of)；表示“数以百万计”“数以千计”等笼统数目时，要加?s，其前不能用数词，其后可跟of。
4．基数词可与名词等构成合成形容词，用连字符连接，做前置定语，其中的名词应使用单数形式，如a
four?hour
journey。
5．分数表达法：分子应用基数词，分母应用序数词。分子大于1时，分母应用序数词的复数形式，如：two?sevenths七分之二。
(单句填空)
7．The
Food
and
Agricultural
Organization
of
the
United
Nations
says
about
one
________
(three)
of
the
food
produced
worldwide
each
year
is
wasted
or
lost.
8．The
three
of
them
then
go
to
another
hotel
room
where
a
________
(four)
man
actually
has
the
painting.
9．He
is
now
in
his
________
(thirty)
and
has
been
teaching
for
almost
ten
years.
10．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)In
the
summer
holiday
following
my
________
(eighteen)
birthday,
I
took
driving
lessons.
【
技巧】
▲核心技法回顾
1．名词前有one
of
the时用名词复数形式。
2．名词前有many、
several、
few、
a
few、
a
number
of、
hundreds
of、
a
couple
of、
all、
both、
other等表“多”的数量词时用名词复数形式。
3．名词前有超过1的基数词，如two、
three等时，名词用复数形式。
4．名词前有形容词different、
various等时，名词用复数形式。
5．序数词的正确拼写形式和年龄年代的表达法，容易丢分。
▲语法填空解题技法练习
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Then,
when
I
was
in
the
________
(five)
grade,
I
wanted
to
be
a
teacher
because
I
liked
my
English
teacher
very
much.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)A
mere
five
to
ten
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
________
(cause)．
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She
has
turned
down
several
________
(invitation)
to
star
at
shows
in
order
to
concentrate
on
her
studies.
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)My
name
is
Mireya
Mayor.
I'm
a
________
(science)
who
studies
animals
such
as
apes
and
monkeys.
5．Two
of
my
________
(hero)
have
completed
a
big
project.
6．“I
have
devoted
my
past
years
to
the
library
and
will
keep
her
company
in
the
following
years，”
said
the
man
in
his
________
(sixty)．
7．Last
year's
________
(theme)
were
“No
Vehicle
Day”
“No
TV
Day”
and
“No
Phones
Day”．
8．This
year,
the
family
had
their
reunion
on
the
________
(six)
day
of
the
Golden
Week
holiday
in
China.
9．You
have
a
strong
sense
of
style
and
you
can
make
________
(friend)
and
conquer
enemies
with
your
charm.
10．Youth
seems
to
be
fading
away
in
my
life,
only
leaving
me
some
unforgettable
________
(memory)．
11．“Fan”，
a
Chinese
word
for
“turn
over”，
is
considered
bad
luck
for
________
(fisherman)
and
their
boats.
Ⅱ.易错练习
1．Tea
is
considered
one
of
the
seven
________
(necessity)
of
Chinese
life,
along
with
firewood,
rice,
oil,
salt,
soy
sauce
and
vinegar.
2．On
the
wall
of
the
classroom
are
taped
________
(envelope),
and
each
has
on
it
the
name
of
someone
on
site.
3．They
are
slender,
gray
birds,
with
white
________
(stomach)
and
white
patches
on
their
wings
and
tails.
4．Two
________
(three)
of
adults
say
that
they
come
together
to
share
at
least
three
times
a
week,
even
if
it
is
not
necessarily
around
a
dining
table.
5．Terms
were
developed
through
the
observation
of
changes
of
seasons,
astronomy
and
other
natural
________
(phenomenon)
in
this
region
and
have
been
progressively
applied
nationwide.
【
能力】
一、单项选择
1.
Our
main
______behind
buying
European
stocks
has
been
the
drop
in
the
euro
which
makes
exports
from
European
countries
more
competitive.
A.
argument
B.
factor
C.
discovery
D.
capability
2.
Some
countries
are
increasing
their
use
of
natural
gas,
and
other
forms
of
.
A.
source
B.
energy
C.
power
D.
material
3.
According
to
the
report
presented
by
the
police,
the
cause
of
the
car
accident
was
given
as
an
engine
________.
A.
shock
B.
power
C.
failure
D.
crash
4.
Universal
______
to
education
is
the
ability
of
all
people
to
have
equal
opportunity
in
education,
regardless
of
their
social
class,
ethnicity,
background
or
physical
disabilities.
A.
application
B.
access
C.
admission
D.
attempt
5.
They
deserve
punishment
which
matches
the
________
of
their
crime.
A.
justice
B.
expense
C.
gravity
D.
gratitude
6.
She
was
finally
following
her
________,
writing
what
she
needed
to
write
and
that
made
her
the
happiest
of
them
all.
A.
dimension
B.
association
C.
recreation
D.
passion
7.
Mr.
Lee
was
thinking
how
to
solve
the
problem
when
suddenly
he
had
a
________
of
inspiration.
A.
cash
B.
flash
C.
dash
D.
crash
8.
The
couple
was
initially
looking
forward
to
having
an
overseas
wedding
but
had
to
drop
the
idea
after
facing______
from
parents.
A.
recognition
B.
toleration
C.
opposition
D.
composition
9.
The
hotel
has
been
in
bad
condition
these
days,
thus
making
complaints
from
customers
seem
to
be
an
everyday
________.
A.
outline
B.
occupation
C.
occurrence
D.
organ
10.
We
have
many
animals
on
the
farm,
including
three____________
and
six____________
.
A.
sheeps;
chickens
B.
sheeps;
chicken
C.
sheep;
chickens
D.
sheep;
chicken
11.
___________of
the
boys
in
our
class
___________going
to
join
the
army.
A.
Two
fifths;
is
B.
Second
fifths;
are
C.
Second
fifths;
is
D.
Two
fifths;
are
12.
With
the
help
of
the
foreign
experts,
this
factory
produced
________cars
parts
in
2006
as
the
year
before.
A.
As
twice
many
B.
as
many
as
twice
C.
as
twice
as
many
D.
twice
as
many
13.
Paper
bags
produced
every
year
are
_______
the
world’s
production
of
vehicles.
A.
three
time
weight
of
B.
as
three
times
heavy
as
C.
three
times
the
weight
of
D.
three
times
as
heavier
as
14.
In
the
UK,
people
consume
________
meat
products
such
as
chicken,
beef,
pork
and
lamb.
A.
a
large
amount
of
B.
a
plenty
of
C.
a
large
quantity
D.
quantities
of
15.
Asia,
in
the
east
of
the
world,
is
four
times
Europe.
A.
Locating...as
large
as
B.
located...the
size
of
C.
locating...larger
than
D.
located
...as
larger
than
16.
Lily’s
dress
looked
just
the
same
as
Rose’s,
but
it
cost_________hers.
A.
as
twice
much
as
B.
as
much
as
twice
as
C.
twice
as
much
as
D.
as
much
twice
as
17.
—David,
how
old
is
your
father
this
year?
—______.
And
we
just
had
a
special
party
for
his
_____
birthday
last
weekend.
A.
Fortieth;
forty
B.
Forty;
forty
C.
Forty;
fortieth
D.
Fortieth;
fortieth
18.
The
output
of
this
year
is
three
times
______
it
was
in
2015.
A.
as
B.
than
C.
what
D.
that
19.
The
new
stadium
being
built
for
the
next
Asian
Games
will
be
______
the
present
one。
A.
as
three
times
big
as
B.
three
times
as
big
as
C.
as
big
as
three
times
D.
as
big
three
times
as
20.
The
phenomenon
that
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
has
attracted
________
attention.
A.
a
huge
number
of
B.
a
large
sum
of
C.
a
great
deal
of
D.
a
great
many
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
21.
In______（anticipate）
of
bad
weather
they
take
plenty
of
warm
clothes.
22.
Additionally,
I'm
crazy
to
learn
how
to
appreciate
western
paintings,
and
it
can't
be
better
if
you
can
tell
us
some__________(trick)
about
how
to
paint.
23.
After
you
exercise
,
you
continue
to
burn_________（calorie）throughout
the
day.
24.
He
won't
have
the
children
play_________（trick）on
the
old
man.
25.
Have
you
joined
the
teachers'___________(associate)
so
far?
26.
Scientists
worry
that
________（expose）to
light
while
sleeping
can
increase
a
person's
chances
of
getting
cancer.
27.
To
my
delight,
I
was
chosen
from
hundreds
of
________（
applicant）
to
attend
the
opening
ceremony.
28.
The
most
valuable
________（firm）are
Google.
Amazon,
Facebook
and
Microsoft.
29.
In
college,
there
are
so
many
good
chances
for
you
to
meet
your
________（expect）.
30.
With
high
________
（motivate）and
enthusiasm,
we
can
keep
on
learning.
31.
The
woman
scientist
later
died
of
injuries
related
to
the
________（expose）
to
the
harmful
substance.
32.
He
applied
________
the
position
as
a
senior
administrator
of
the
department,
but
his
________（apply）was
not
approved.
(用适当的词填空)
33.
We
have
received
hundreds
of
job
________（application）so
far.
34.
The
ten
women
astronauts
were
selected
from
among
1,000
________(applicant).
35.
We
are
confident
in
our
________（expect）of
a
full
recover.
36.
The
__________
(major)
of
the
students
came
to
visit
their
teacher
when
he
was
ill.
37.
The
living
room
of
the
house
is
double
the______________(long)
of
the
bedroom
which
suits
the
family
pretty
well.
38.
Though
the
old
man
is
in
his
____________
(nine),
he
is
still
very
healthy.
39.
Using
his
hybrid
rice,
farmers
are
producing
harvests
twice
as
_________(largely)
as
before.
40.
Man
has
lived
in
this
earth
for
perhaps
a
________
(million)
years.
三、语法填空
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Which
is
the
most
significant
classical
Chinese
painting?
According
to
Paul
Denlinger,
who
41.
(
come)
to
China
many
times
when
young,
it
should
be
Qingming
Shanghe
Tu
or
Along
the
River
During
the
Qingming
Festival.
This42.
(
create)
dates
back
to
the
Northern
Song
dynasty.
This
painting
is
important43.
several
reasons.
First,
up
until
this
time,
almost
all
Chinese
44.
(
painting)
were
landscapes,
which
did
not
feature
people
at
all
or
had
only
a
few
people.
45.
(
two)
,
this
is
the
first
scroll
(卷轴)painting
to
describe
both
Chinese
urban
and
suburban
life
during
the
period
in
the
capital,
Bianjing
(
now
Kaifeng,
in
Henan
province).
Third,
the
painting
is
highly
detailed,
46.
(
feature
)
shops
of
all
kinds
and
different
economic
activities
in
and
out
of
the
city.
People
are
able
to
see
the
Chinese
technologies
of
the
time,
which
helps
them
47.
great
deal
in
understanding
48.
the
Chinese
lived.
The
Beijing
Palace
Museum
keeps
the49.
(
origin)
Song
painting
and
one
of
its
famous
copies—the
Qing
version
50.
(
hold)
in
the
M
National
Palace
Museum”
in
Taipei.
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
English
perfectly
shows
the
“network
effects”
of
a
global
tongue:
the
more
people
use
it,
the
more
useful
it
is.
Parents
expect
their
children
51.
(master)English,
which
is
encouraging
the
52.
(grow)of
private
schooling.
Education
authorities
are
switching
to
English
medium,
in
part
to
control
the
outflow(外流)
of
children
into
the
private
sector.
Teaching
children
in
English
is
fine
if
that
is
53.
they
speak
at
home
and
their
parents
are
fluent
54.
it.
But
that
is
not
55.
case
in
most
public
and
low-cost
private
schools.
Children
are
taught
in
a
language
they
don’t
understand
by
teachers
56.
English
is
poor.
The
children
learn
neither
English
nor
anything
else.
Research
shows
that
children
learn
57.
(much)when
they
are
taught
in
their
mother
tongue
than
they
do
when
they
are
taught
in
any
other
language.
In
a
study
of
children
in
12
schools
in
Cameroon
last
month,
those
taught
in
Kom
58.
(do)better
than
those
taught
in
English
in
all
subjects.
English
should
be
an
important
subject
at
school,
but
not
59.
(necessary)the
language
of
instruction.
Rather
than
switching
to
English-medium
teaching,
governments
fearful
of
60.
(lose)
custom
(光顾)
to
the
private
sector
should
look
at
the
many
possible
ways
of
improving
public
schools.
3
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
According
to
an
announcement
by
Sergey
Kravtsov,
Russian
vice
minister
of
education
and
science,
Sputnik
news
reported,
Russia’s
national
college
entrance
exam
will
include
Mandarin
as
61.
elective
foreign
language
starting
from
2019.
Chinese
will
become
the
62.
(five)
elective
test
item
for
the
Unified
State
Exam
in
addition
to
English,
German,
French
and
Spanish.
The
number
of
Chinese
learners
in
Russia
63.
(rise)
quickly
in
the
past
decade,
according
to
a
survey
64.
(carry)
out
by
a
linguistic
research
center
in
Russia.
Approaches65.
learning
Chinese
vary
from
person
to
person,
with
more
and
more
people66.
(choose)
university
courses
in
Russia.
The
three-hour-long
Chinese
test
will
quiz
students
on
67.
(they)
listening,
reading,
and
writing
abilities
and
a
fourth
section
will
examine
students
on
grammar,
vocabulary
and
Chinese
68.
(character).
Some
parts
in
the
exam
are
even
a
little
bit
difficult
for
native
Chinese
speakers.
Insiders
from
the
Russia
education
industry
confirmed
those69.
are
with
relevant
professional
background
and
Mandarin
proficiency(精通)
are
more
competitive
in
job
application.
According
to
the
Office
of
Chinese
Language
Council
International,
some
100
million
people,
excluding
native
speakers,
use
Chinese
70.
(global).
4
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入恰当的内容(1
个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
During
the
past
year
at
high
school,
I
had
many
experiences
71.
were
unforgettable.
One
of
them
was
when
our
class
72.
(prepare)
for
a
group
singing
competition.
In
order
to
win
the
competition,
we
went
all
out
for
it.
During
the
week
before
the
competition,
we
practiced
73.
(sing)
in
our
free
time.
Although
it
was
74.
hard
job,
every
participant
took
it
75.
(serious)
and
did
their
best.
Thanks
to
our
effort,
we
won
the
76.
(one)
prize.
Hearing
the
77.
(excite)
news,
we
were
all
wild
78.
joy.
The
moment
we
got
the
prize,
an
old
saying
hit
79.
(me)
mind----No
pains,
no
gains.
It
was
hard
work,
but
during
the
course
of
preparation,
we
developed
friendship,80.
(confident)
as
well
as
understanding.
