2021届高考二轮英语语法专训
13.
情态动词与虚拟语气
重点一
情态动词的基本用法★★☆☆☆
1.情态动词近几年常考点
总结近几年高考语法填空对情态动词的考查可知，主要涉及以下3点：
(1)情态动词后要加动词原形/系动词be构成谓语。
(2)含情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
(3)该用过去式时没用，有过去式的情态动词有：can→could、may→might、shall→should、will→would、have
to→had
to、dare→dared。
2．情态动词的基本用法
(1)can/could
①表能力、请求、可能性(表示可能性用于否定句及疑问句中)；②相关的特殊句型有：can
not
...
too
.../enough(再怎么……也不过分)、can't
help
but
do
sth.(不得不做某事)、can't
wait
to
do
sth.(迫不及待地做某事)。
(2)may/might
①表较小的可能性；②表示请求许可以及祝愿。相关句型或搭配：may/might
as
well
do表示“还是……好；最好……”；may
well
do表示“很可能”；③may可以用来表示祝愿，用“may＋主语＋动词原形”结构。
May
you
succeed.祝你成功。
(3)must
①表示非常肯定的推测；②表“偏要；非要……不可”；
③mustn't意为“禁止”，表示“不必”应用needn't。
(4)shall的用法
①用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表命令、警告、许诺或威胁等，语气强于should；②用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征询意见。
(5)should/ought
to
①should表责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”，还可表出乎意料的语气，意为“竟然”；②ought
to表义务或责任，意为“应该”。
(6)will/would
①表意志或意愿；②表事物的某种性质和倾向，或“按规律”“注定会”；③表示习惯，will可以表示现在的习惯，意为“总是；习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作用would。
(7)need和dare
need“需要”和dare“敢”，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。
(单句填空)
1．The
only
thing
that
I
________
do
was
that
I
wished
her
a
long
life.
答案与解析 could 根据语境“唯一能做的事”及从句中的wished可知，该空填情态动词could。
2．It
can
give
us
energy
and
________
(make)
us
happy.
答案与解析 make 情态动词之后应接动词原形构成谓语，故填make。
3．Meanwhile,
I
found
out
that
with
more
patience
I
make
my
toys
last.
答案与解析 could 根据语境“我能够让我的玩具更耐用”及found可知，应用could。
重点二
情态动词表推测的用法★★☆☆☆
must
肯定句
一般时、进行时、完成时
一定；肯定
Jack
described
his
father,
who
must
have
been
a
brave
boy
many
years
ago,
as
a
strong－willed
man.
can
(could)
疑问句，否定句
一般时、进行时、完成时
可能，能够
It
can't
be
the
postman
at
the
door.
It's
only
six
o'clock.
may(might)
肯定句、否定句
一般时、进行时、完成时
也许，可能
—I
left
my
handbag
on
the
train,
but
luckily
someone
gave
it
to
a
railway
official.—How
unbelievable
to
get
it
back!
I
mean,
someone
might
have
stolen
it.
should(ought
to)
肯定句、否定句
一般时、完成时
确定或期待，应该
I
shouldn't
have
watched
that
movie—it'll
give
me
horrible
dreams.
(单句填空)
4．(2018·天津高考)I
can't
find
my
purse.
I
might
________
(leave)
it
in
the
supermarket
yesterday,
but
I'm
not
sure.
答案与解析 have
left 根据句中时间状语yesterday可知该处是对过去事实的假设，应用“情态动词的过去式＋have
done”，设空前已有might，故填have
left。
5．(2017·北京高考)Samuel,
the
tallest
boy
in
our
class,
easily
reach
the
books
on
the
top
shelf.
答案与解析 can 句意：塞缪尔，我们班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶层的书。根据语境可知，此处表示“能力”，应用can。
6．You
________
not
have
waken
me
up.
I
don't
have
to
go
to
work
today.
答案与解析 need 根据语境“今天不上班”可知，语境表达“没必要叫醒我”，故填need。
重点三
虚拟语气的用法★★☆☆☆
1.if条件句中的虚拟语气
if条件从句
从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
表示现在情况
动词过去式(be的过去式用were)
should/would/could/might＋动词原形
表示过去情况
had＋过去分词
should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词
表示将来情况
should＋动词原形
should/would/could/might＋动词原形
动词过去式
were
to＋动词原形
·If
I
had
enough
money,
I
would
buy
myself
a
computer
first
of
all.
如果我有足够的钱，我首先要为自己买一台电脑。
·If
you
had
come
earlier,
you
couldn't/wouldn't
have
missed
the
bus.
如果你早点儿来，你就不会错过那班公共汽车了。
·If
I
saw/should
see/were
to
see
him
tomorrow,
I
would
invite
him
home.
如果明天见到他，我会邀请他到我家。
[核心提示]
(1)if引导的非真实条件句中如果出现should、were或had，可以把if省略，把should、were或had提到句首，其他语序不变。
(2)当if条件句中主、从句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为错综时间条件句，这时动词的形式应根据动词所指的时间进行调整。
(3)有时假设的情况并不用条件句表现出来，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过without、or、otherwise、but
for等词或短语来表示。
2．should＋do
...结构的虚拟语气
一些表示命令、要求、请求、建议的动词，后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词，常见的这类动词有：order、command、require、request、demand、advise、suggest
(建议)、propose、recommend、insist
(坚持，坚决要求)等；以上这些动词以及其所对应的名词在涉及主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，从句谓语也要用“should＋动词原形”来表示，同样，should可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词。
·Your
suggestion
that
the
door
(should)
be
shut
when
we
leave
is
reasonable.
你的那个当我们离开的时候应该关上门的建议是合理的。
3．wish后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反时，谓语用一般过去时；与过去事实相反时，谓语用过去完成时；与将来事实相反时，谓语用“could/would/might＋动词原形”。
·I
wish
I
had
told
him
the
way
to
the
supermarket.
我真希望我已经告诉了他到超市的路线。
4．would
rather“宁愿……”后接宾语从句时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。与现在或将来事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。
5．It
is
(high/about)
time
(that)
...意为“是……的时候了”，that从句谓语要用虚拟语气。从句谓语的形式有两种：一种是用一般过去时；另一种是用“should＋动词原形”，需要注意的是，这里的should不能省略。
·It's
high
time
that
we
got/should
get
down
to
working.
该我们着手工作的时候了。
6．if
only从句中的虚拟语气
if
only引导的感叹句，其虚拟语气的结构与wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。
7．as
if、as
though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
·It
seems
as
though
it
were
spring
already.
看起来好像已经是春天了一样。(事实上不是)
(单句填空)
7．(2019·江苏高考)What
a
pity!
You
missed
the
sightseeing,
or
we
would
________
(have)
a
good
time
together.
答案与解析 have
had 句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据语境可知，该句是对过去事实的虚拟，表与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If＋主语＋过去完成时＋其他，主句：主语＋should
(would,
could,
might)＋现在完成时＋其他，设空前已有would,
故填have
had。
8．(2018·天津高考)If
we
________
(catch)
the
flight
yesterday,
we
would
be
enjoying
our
holiday
on
the
beach
now.
答案与解析 had
caught 句意：如果我们昨天赶上了航班，现在我们就应该在沙滩上享受假期了。根据句中的yesterday和would
be
enjoying可知，从句是对过去事实的假设，应用过去完成时，填had
caught。
9．(2018·江苏高考)There
is
a
good
social
life
in
the
village,
and
I
wish
I
(have)
a
second
chance
to
become
more
involved.
答案与解析 had 句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，我希望我有机会去更多地参与其中。wish后的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时，故填had。
【
技巧】
▲核心技法回顾
1．空后是do/have
done/be
doing，根据语境、语义、语气确定填哪个情态动词。
2．情态动词不能单独做谓语，需和后面的实义动词原形或be动词构成谓语：情态动词＋do/be
...。表对过去的猜测时用“情态动词＋have
done”。
3．虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的情况进行的虚拟，判断出时间后再根据相应的句型确定谓语动词的形式。
▲语法填空解题技法练习
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．(2019·天津高考)The
workers
were
not
better
organized,
otherwise
they
would
________
(accomplish)
the
task
in
half
the
time.
答案与解析 have
accomplished 句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务了。根据空前的“The
workers
were
not
better
organized”可知，这是对过去情况的含蓄的虚拟。otherwise其后的句子表示与过去事实相反的假设，其句子结构为：主语＋should(would,
could,
might)＋现在完成时＋其他，设空前已有would,
故填have
accomplished。
2．(2018·北京高考)In
today's
information
age,
the
loss
of
data
________
cause
serious
problems
for
a
company.
答案与解析 can 句意：在当今信息时代，丢失数据有可能给公司带来严重的问题。can表“有可能”。
3．(全国卷Ⅱ)Some
classmates
suggest
we
(go)
to
places
of
interest
nearby.
答案与解析 (should)
go suggest做“建议”讲时，其后接的宾语从句谓语通常用“(should＋)动词原形”，故填go或should
go。
4．(2020·北京西城区质检)Our
desires
are
repackaged
by
giant
tech
companies
and
then
they
________
(sell)
back
to
us
under
the
cover
of
free
content,
but
it
isn't
free.
答案与解析 are
sold 主语they与sell是被动关系，应用被动语态；又设空所填谓语时态与句中已有的谓语are
时态一致，
应用一般现在时的被动语态，填are
sold。
sell_(卖)—sold—sold。
5．(2020·北京大兴区质检)We
get
our
warmth
from
the
sun.
The
Earth
________
(take)
one
year
to
go
around
the
sun.
答案与解析 takes “地球绕太阳一周需要一年的时间。”是科学事实，
应用一般现在时，
故填takes。
6．Being
physically
active
________
(offer)
many
advantages.
As
a
physical
reward,
exercise
________
reduce
weight
and
the
risk
of
heart
disease.
Exercise
also
________
(bring)
good
effects
mentally.
答案与解析 offers;
can;
brings 第一空“积极锻炼身体有很多好处”是客观事实，
应用一般现在时，
该句主语是动名词短语，
故谓语用单数形式，填offers;
第二空应填情态动词，
结合语境“锻炼能减轻体重和患心脏病的风险”可知此处表“能够”，故填情态动词can;
第三空主语是Exercise,
是单数概念，
故填brings。
7．Dr.
William
retired
from
business
at
an
early
age;
and
an
important
reason
for
his
doing
so
was
that
he
might
devote
himself
more
fully
to
the
education
of
his
daughters,
which
________
(conduct)
almost
entirely
at
home.
答案与解析 was
conducted 主句是一般过去时，故定语从句用一般过去时；关系词which与conduct是被动关系，
应用一般过去时的被动语态，填was
conducted。
8．(2020·北京石景山质检)I
bent
down,
picked
them
up
and
entered
the
post
office.
Inside
a
lady
________
(dig)
through
her
purse
at
the
counter
anxiously
looking
for
change
to
mail
a
package.
答案与解析 was
digging 分析句子可知，“掏钱包找钱”是在“我”进入邮局时正在发生的动作，
应用过去进行时，故填was
digging。
9．Still
China
________
(develop),
but
the
economic
growth
means
that
most
people
________
(see)
their
living
standards
improve
rapidly
in
the
last
20
years.
People
I
________
(speak)
with
were
generally
optimistic
about
the
future.
答案与解析 is
developing;
have
seen;
spoke 第一空描述目前此时此刻的情况，应用现在进行时，主语为单数，故填is
developing。根据第二空所在句的时间状语in
the
last
20
years可知该处谓语用现在完成时，且主语为most
people，故填have
seen。see_(看见)—saw—seen。分析句子结构可知“I
______
(speak)
with”是定语从句，修饰名词People,
主句谓语是一般过去时，故从句谓语用一般过去时，故第三空谓语用一般过去时，填spoke。
speak_(说话)—spoke—spoken。
10．The
university,
however,
says
it
________
(consider)
gaokao
scores
for
years,
requiring
a
student
to
rank
in
the
top
0.1
percent
on
the
test
in
their
province.
答案与解析 has
considered 宾语从句时间状语是for
years,
且主句谓语says是一般现在时，结合语境“已经考虑高考分数多年”可知此处用现在完成时，填has
considered。
11．The
Chinese
written
language
________
(begin)
to
develop
more
than
3,000
years
ago
and
eventually
evolved
into
five
basic
script
types.
答案与解析 began 根据句中时间状语3,000
years
ago可知，此处用一般过去时。故填began。begin(开始)—began—begun—beginning。
Ⅱ.易错练习
1．The
musician
along
with
his
band
members
________
(give)
ten
performances
in
the
last
three
months.
答案与解析 has
given 由“in
the
last
three
months”可知，该句用现在完成时，along
with
连接两个并列的主语，谓语与最前面的主语一致，本句主语为The
musician，为第三人称单数形式，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。填has
given。give_(给予)—gave—given。
2．I
________
(hope)
to
send
Peter
a
gift
to
congratulate
him
on
his
marriage,
but
I
couldn't
manage
it.
答案与解析 had
hoped 根据but后的
“couldn't
manage
it”可知，此处表过去本想做某事而没做成，
应用过去完成时，填had
hoped。intend、_mean、_hope、_want、_plan、_think等动词的过去完成时，可表示过去未曾实现的愿望或想法等。
3．A
few
months
after
he
had
arrived
in
China,
Mr.
Smith
(fall)
in
love
with
the
people
and
culture
there.
答案与解析 fell 根据时间状语A
few
months
after
he
had
arrived
in
China，可知该处谓语发生在had
arrived之后，应用一般过去时。填fell。fall_in_love_with_“爱上”，_fall是不规则动词，其动词变化形式为_fell_(过去式),_fallen(过去分词)。
4．It
overlooked
the
Seine,
the
famous
river
I
________
(read)
about
in
so
many
poems.
答案与解析 had
read 分析句子可知，“I
________
(read)
about
in
so
many
poems”是定语从句修饰river，从句中缺乏谓语，read动作发生在overlooked之前，表过去的过去，故用过去完成时。填had
read。read(读)—read—read。
5.
The
Cooler
Screens
system
instantly
(analyze)
all
of
this
data,
and
then
starts
showing
ads
on
the
cooler
door.
答案与解析 analyzes and
连接的是并列的谓语动词，时态应一致，故设空处谓语用一般现在时，主语the
Cooler
Screens
system是单数概念，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，填analyzes。
6．As
in
real
football,
points
will
________
(award)
when
putting
the
ball
in
the
other
players'
goal.
Table
football
requires
using
hands
and
eyes
together
excellently,
which
________
(be)
really
exciting.
答案与解析 be
awarded;
is 第一空在句中做谓语，主语points与award是被动关系，且设空前已有will,
故此处填be
awarded。第二空是which引导的非限制性定语从句，指代主句整句话，表单数概念，故谓语用单数形式，填is。
【
能力】
一、单项选择
1.
—
It
was
not
the
best
time
to
go
there.
—
Yes.
I
your
advice
before
I
made
my
decision.
A.
could
accept
B.
should
accept
C.
ought
to
accept
D.
should
have
accepted
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意：——那不是去那里的最佳时机。——是的。我应该在做决定之前接受你的建议。根据句意可知，句子表示的是“本该在做决定之前接受你的建议，但实际没有”，应用“should
have
done”，意为“过去本该做某事，而实际上没做”，“could”意为“可以”，“should”意为“应该”，“ought
to”意为“应该”，均不符合语境。故选D项。
2.
When
it
comes
to
sensitive
topics
such
as
race
or
religion,
he
always
keeps
silent
for
fear
of
saying
something
that
might
________
someone.
A.
consult
B.
assist
C.
offend
D.
impress
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当涉及到种族或宗教这样的敏感话题时，他总是保持沉默，因为他害怕说出一些可能会伤害别人的话。A.consult
咨询；B.assist帮助；
C.offend
冒犯；D.impress使印象深刻。根据句中“for
fear
of
saying
something
”（害怕说一些话）可知，空白处指这些话可能会伤害人。选项C符合题意。故选C。
3.
The
rules
state
that
no
citizen
________
be
allowed
out
of
high-risk
areas
during
the
Spring
Festival
unless
he
has
the
negative
nucleic
acid
(核酸)
result
within
7
days
.
A.
might
B.
may
C.
shall
D.
must
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：条例规定，公民在春节期间，除非在7天内核酸检测结果呈阴性，否则不得离开高危地区。A.
might可能；B.
may也许；C.
shall
应该；D.
must必须。shall在陈述句表示说话者的允诺、告诫、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等，主要用于第二、三人称。根据句中“The
rules”可知，此处用shall表示规定。故选C。
4.
—Mum,
may
I
play
outside
now?
—
No,
you
___________.
You
have
to
clean
your
room
first.
A.
shouldn’t
B.
needn’t
C.
mustn’t
D.
won’t
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：—妈妈，我现在可以出去玩吗？—不，你不能，你必须先打扫你的房间。may或者can表示请求时，肯定回答用may或can，否定回答用can't或mustn't。故选C项。
5.
We
have
enough
time,
you
____________
hurry.
A.
mustn't
B.
wouldn't
C.
may
not
D.
don't
have
to
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：我们有足够的时间，你不必如此匆忙。A.
mustn't不可以，不允许；B.
wouldn't不会；C.
may
not可能不会；D.
don't
have
to不必。根据上文“We
have
enough
time”可知指时间充足，不必匆忙应用don't
have
to，相当于needn't，表示“不必，没有必要”，故选D。
6.
Playing
computer
games
cost
the
boy
plenty
of
time
he
________
have
spent
doing
his
lessons.
A.
ought
to
B.
could
C.
may
D.
must
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词+have
done结构。句意：玩电脑游戏花费了这个男孩大量的时间，他本应该把时间用在功课上。A.
ought
to
have
done本应该做而实际没做；B.
could
have
done本能做的（却没做）；C.
may
have
done可能已经做过某事；D.
must
have
done必定做了某事。根据上文“Playing
computer
games
cost
the
boy
plenty
of
time”可知表示“本应该做而实际没做”应用ought
to
have
done。故选A。
7.
I've
ordered
some
pizza,
so
we_______worry
about
cooking
when
we
get
home
tired.
A.
can't
B.
needn't
C.
may
not
D.
should
not
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词的辨析。句意：我已经订了一些比萨饼，所以我们累了，回家时就不用担心做饭了。A.can't不可能；
B.needn't不必，不需要；
C.may
not可能不会；D.should
not不应该。根据前文我已经订了一些比萨饼，可知后文应该是不必担心，故选B。
8.
He
hardly
______________
apologize
for
any
inconvenience
caused,
since
we
know
it's
not
his
fault.
A.
don't
need
to
B.
needs
C.
need
D.
needn't
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词用法。句意：他不需要为造成的任何不便道歉，因为我们知道那不是他的错。hardly几乎不，表示否定。need可以作为情态动词或实义动词。need用作情态动词时，后接动词原形，此时其没有人称和数的变化，通常用于否定句和疑问句中。need用作实义动词时，人作主语，后接to
do
sth.
，且need有各种时态的变化。结合选择项，这里用情态动词need+动词原形。故选C。
9.
There
is
not
the
remotest
possibility
of
anyone
calling
on
me,
and
it
is
unbelievable
that
I
______________
call
on
anyone
else.
A.
can
B.
might
C.
should
D.
must
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：根本不可能有人来拜访我，而我居然会去拜访别人，这简直令人难以置信。A.can能够；B.might可能；C.should竟然；D.must必须。根据it
is
unbelievable可知，此处表示“竟然”。故选C。
10.
I
have
been
writing
a
novel
which
is
based
on
a
real
love
story
and
it_________
be
ready
early
next
month.
A.
can
B.
must
C.
should
D.
need
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我一直在写一部小说，是根据一个真实的爱情故事改编的，下个月初就可以写好了。A.
can能，会；B.
must必须，一定；C.
should应该；D.
need需要。根据时间状语next
month，可知此处指将来的可能；情态动词should可以表示对将来的预测或可能。故选C。
11.
Peter
too
far.
His
coffee
is
still
warm.
A.
mustn't
have
done
B.
might
have
gone
C.
can't
have
gone
D.
needn't
have
gone
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词+
have
done。句意：彼得不可能走得太远。他的咖啡还热着呢。A.
must
have
done是对过去事实的肯定推测，即过去一定做了某事
；B.
might
have
done过去可能做了某事；C.
can't
have
done是对过去事实的否定推测；D.
needn't
have
done过去本不必做某事。根据后面一句His
coffee
is
still
warm可以推出彼得应该走不远，是对过去发生的事情的非常有把握的肯定推测。故选C项。
12.
It
_____
have
rained
last
night,
because
the
ground
is
wet
now.
A.
could
B.
should
C.
must
D.
need
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词+have
done用法。句意：昨晚一定下雨了，因为现在地面是湿的。A.
could
have
done本来能做成的（却没做成）；B.
should
have
done本应该做，却没做；C.
must
have
done必定做了；D.
need
have
done本来需要做的，但没做。根据后文“because
the
ground
is
wet
now”可知，地是湿的，说明昨晚肯定下雨了，对过去的肯定猜测，应用must
have
done。故选C。
13.
When
he
was
at
college,
he
_____
go
to
that
coffee
shop
to
do
a
part-time
job
every
weekend.
A.
must
B.
should
C.
might
D.
would
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：他上大学的时候，每个周末都会去那家咖啡店做兼职。A.
must必须；B.
should应该；C.
might也许；D.
would会。根据句意，此处表示他会去做某事，是一种意愿，D项符合句意，故选D项。
14.
Zack________participate
in
the
football
match
next
week,
because
he
fell
off
the
bike
and
had
his
left
leg
broken
yesterday.
A.
shouldn’t
B.
mustn’t
C.
can’t
D.
mightn’t
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：Zack不能参加下周的足球比赛了，因为昨天他从自行车上摔了下来，摔断了左腿。A.
shouldn’t不应该；不应；B.
mustn’t禁止；不得；C.
can’t不能；D.
mightn’t也许不。根据后文“because
he
fell
off
the
bike
and
had
his
left
leg
broken
yesterday”可知，Zack昨天从自行车上摔下来摔断了左腿，因此应是不能或无法参加足球比赛了。故选C项。
15.
---I
think
you
______
there
in
person;
a
phone
call
would
have
been
fine.
---It’s
OK
and
I
was
so
glad
to
have
seen
your
mum.
A.
couldn’t
have
been
B.
shouldn’t
be
C.
needn’t
have
been
D.
wouldn’t
be
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词+have
done用法。句意：——我想你本不必亲自到那儿去。打个电话就行了。——没关系，能见到你妈妈我也很高兴。根据语境“…I
was
so
glad
to
have
seen
your
mum.”可知，“见到你妈妈”已在过去某个时间发生，结合句意，英语表达中“本不需要做某事（而做了）…”可用情态动词“needn’t
have
done”结构，所以所设空处应填needn’t
have
been，故选C。
16.
If
he
had
spent
more
time
practising
spoken
English
before,
he
____
able
to
speak
it
much
better
now.
A.
would
be
B.
will
be
C.
has
been
D.
had
been
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他以前多花些时间练习英语口语，现在就能说得好多了。结合语境，此处为错综时间条件句，根据before可知，if引导的条件状语从句表示与过去事实相反，使用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词使用过去完成时，主句中的时间状语是now，使用与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词使用would/should/might/could+动词原形。故选A。
17.
If
you
my
advice,
you
such
a
big
mistake.
A.
took;
would
not
make
B.
had
taken;
will
not
make
C.
have
taken;
will
not
make
D.
had
taken;
would
not
have
made
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你听了我的劝告，你就不会犯这么大的错误了。根据句意“要是你听取我的意见”可知，句子是对过去发生的假设。在虚拟语气中，对过去事实进行虚拟，主句用would/could/might/should(not)+have
done的形式，从句用had(not)
done的形式。故选D。
18.
The
manager
demanded
that
the
workers
the
task
ahead
of
schedule.
A.
accomplishing
B.
accomplished
C.
accomplish
D.
to
accomplish
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：经理要求工人们提前完成任务。动词demand意为：要求，其宾语从句的谓语动词由“(should)+动词原形”构成，其中should可省略，故选C项。
19.
It
is
lucky
we
booked
a
room,
or
we
________
nowhere
to
stay
now.
A.
had
B.
have
C.
would
have
D.
would
have
had
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们很幸运地订到了一间房，不然的话，我们现在就无处可去了。根据题干中的or可知其引导的是含蓄虚拟条件句，相当于if引导的虚拟条件句。根据语境it
is
lucky
we
booked
a
room可知现在订到了房间，再由now提示，可知是对现在情况的假设，所以谓语动词用would/could/might/should
do。故选C。
20.
---Have
you
heard
that
Ben
and
Bill
had
a
fight
yesterday?
---Yes.
Now
they
don’t
say
a
single
word
to
each
other.
It
seems
as
if
they
______
each
other
before.
A.
didn’t
know
B.
don’t
know
C.
have
never
known
D.
had
never
known
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——你听说昨天
Ben
和
Bill
打架了吗？——是的。现在他们一句话也不说了。他们好像之前从来不认识对方。as
if
“好像”，在引导从句时，即可表示对现在、过去时间的虚拟，也可表示对将来时间的虚拟，其后要用虚拟语气。当表示和过去事实相反时，从句用had
+过去分词的虚拟语气。根据句中“Ben
and
Bill
had
a
fight
yesterday
”及下文“
before”，可知此处表示和过去事实相反，选项D与题意相符，故选D。
21.
Left
to
itself,
the
place
______________
into
a
prosperous
civilized
community.
A.
was
to
grow
B.
were
to
grow
C.
should
have
grown
D.
would
have
grown
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果任其发展，这个地方会发展成一个繁荣的文明社区。此句为隐含条件虚拟语气，且与过去事实相反，所以主句用would/could/should/might
+
have
done。would表示“将会”，should表示“应当”。故选D。
22.
I'm
sure
he
is
keeping
something
back.
I'd
rather
he
______________
me
the
truth.
A.
tells
B.
told
C.
has
told
D.
had
told
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我肯定他有所隐瞒。我宁愿他告诉我真相。根据he
is
keeping
something
back可知，这是对现在情况的虚拟，would
rather后用过去时表示对现在的愿望，故选B。
23.
The
current
population
of
the
plant
______________
fit
into
the
state
of
Taxes,
if
Taxes
were
settled
as
thickly
as
New
York
City.
A.
could
B.
can
C.
will
D.
should
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果能像纽约市那样对税收进行严格的规定，那么目前工厂的工人就能适应纽约州的税收。根据前文“current”及后文“if
Taxes
were
settled
”可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设。主句中应用could/should/might/would+动词原形。此处表示“能够”应用could。故选A。
24.
Li
Ling
acted
in
the
party
that
way
as
if
he__________the
host.
A.
had
been
B.
is
C.
should
be
D.
were
【答案】D
【解析】考查as
if从句虚拟语气的用法。句意：李岭在晚会上那样表现就好像他是主人一样。分析句子成分可知，“as
if
he__________the
host”为方式状语从句，根据语境，
“他是主人”为客观事实相反的假设，谓语动词用一般过去时，如遇系动词则用were，故选D。
25.
I
would
rather
she
_____
at
home
next
week.
A.
stay
B.
have
stayed
C.
stayed
D.
had
stayed
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我宁愿她下星期呆在家里。would
rather之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。根据后文next
week可知表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去式。故选C。
26.
______
the
truth,
he
wouldn't
have
helped
her
at
all.
A.
Should
Bob
know
B.
Had
Bob
known
C.
Were
Bob
to
know
D.
Have
Bob
known
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气和省略倒装。句意：如果鲍勃知道真相，他就根本不会帮助她了。根据后文“he
wouldn't
have
helped
her
at
all”可知此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句用would+have+过去分词，从句用过去完成时，且虚拟条件句的从句部分若含有were,
should
或had，可省略if，再把were,
should或had
移到从句的句首，使用倒装句型。故选B。
27.
You
are
always
sleeping
in
class.
I'd
rather
you__________my
class.
A.
are
not
attending
B.
were
not
attending
C.
won't
attend
D.
not
attend
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你总是在课堂上睡觉。我宁愿你没来听我的课。would
rather后接从句时，从句谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示“现在或将来的愿望”时通常使用一般过去时态，结合语境和选项，只有B项符合，选B。
28.
I
couldn't
have
made
great
progress
in
English__________for
your
help.
A.
had
it
not
been
B.
should
it
not
be
C.
did
it
not
been
D.
were
it
not
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有你的帮助，我不可能在英语方面取得这么大的进步。根据语境可知考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故从句用had
+
v-ed，had
it
not
been
=if
it
had
not
been，故选A。
29.
If
I__________in
the
bus
that
fell
into
the
river,
I__________with
you
now.
A.
was;
would
not
talk
B.
were;
couldn't
talk
C.
had
been;
wouldn't
have
talked
D.
had
been;
couldn't
be
talking
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我在那辆掉进河里的公共汽车里，我现在就不可能和你在这说话了。本题考查错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，所以用had
+动词的过去分词；主句与现在事实相反，所以用would/should/could/might
+动词原形。故选D。
30.
His
pale
face
suggested
that
he__________ill
and
his
teacher
suggested
that
he__________to
the
hospital
at
once.
A.
should
be;
send
B.
was;
should
send
C.
was;
be
sent
D.
were;
be
sent
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：他苍白的脸色表明他生病了，他的老师建议他立刻送往医院。第一个
suggest表示“暗示，表明”，后面从句叙述的是客观事实，且主句为一般过去时，所以一般过去时，表示当时所处的状态；第二个
suggest表示“建议”后面宾语从句要用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，should可以省略。主语he与send之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故选C。
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
31.
He
recommended
that
she________（do）some
research
and
talk
to
dentists
about
what
a
healthier
candy
would
contain.
【答案】（should）do
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：他建议她做一些研究，和牙医谈谈更健康的糖果应该含有什么。recommend
当“建议”讲，后面的从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词的形式为should
do，其中should可以省略，故填（should）do。
32.
It
is
required
that
students_________（do）some
exercise
for
at
least
an
hour
every
day.
【答案】（should）do
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要求学生每天至少做一小时的运动。require后接宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词的形式为should
do，其中should可以省略，故填（should）do。
33.
He
urged
that
I__________(recommend)
the
software
to
his
boss.
【答案】(should)
recommend
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：他催促我把软件推荐给他的老板。urge“催促；大力推荐”后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可省略，故填（should）recommend。
34.
The
doctor
ordered
that
she__________
(return)
to
work
after
she
fully
recovered.
【答案】(should)
return
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：医生命令她等全面康复之后再回去工作。根据上文ordered可知，该空是that引导的宾语从句中的谓语动词，order表示动词“命令”时，其宾语从句谓语动词应该使用虚拟语气(should)
do，此处为主动关系。故填(should)
return。
35.
I
suggest
you__________（take）a
tent,
or
I
lend
you
one.
【答案】（should）take
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我建议你带一个帐篷，或者我借给你一个。分析句子结构，suggest后面是省略了that的宾语从句，从句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词使用（should）+动词原形。故填（should）take。
36.
He
insisted
that
we________（update）our
ideas
from
time
to
time.
【答案】（should）update
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：他坚持认为我们应该不时地更新我们的思想。分析句子可知，该空为宾语从句的谓语；由句意可知，insisted后that引导的宾语从句还未发生，因此从句谓语用虚拟语气，即采用“should+动词原形”的形式，且其中的should可以省略。故填（should）update。
37.
My
suggestion
is
that
we________(set)
off
early
tomorrow.
【答案】(should)
set
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我建议我们明天早点出发。suggestion“建议”，其后出现表语从句解释其内容时，从句的谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可省略，故填（should）set。
38.
It
is
vital
that
enough
money
________(collect)to
rebuild
the
disaster
area.
【答案】(should)be
collected
【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：筹集足够的资金重建灾区是至关重要的。固定句型“It
is
important/necessary/vital
that
somebody
(should)
do”译为“什么是至关重要的”。在主语从句中需要使用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形的形式，should可以省略。主语从句中主语为enough
money和谓语动词collect之间是被动关系。故填(should)
be
collected。
39.The
general's
order
was
that
the
town
________（occupy）before
midnight.
【答案】（should）be
occupied
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：将军的命令是午夜前占领这个城镇。order命令，后接表语从句，从句用should
+动词原形，should可以省略。从句中主语town与occupy之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据句意，故填（should）be
occupied。
40.
The
boss
demanded
that
the
task
________(finish)
at
the
end
of
this
week.
【答案】(should)
be
finished
【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：老板要求在本周末完成这项任务。demand表示“要求”，其后宾语从句用should+动词原形，且宾语从句主语the
task“任务”与finish“完成”之间是被动关系，故填（should）be
finished。
41.
The
doctor
recommended
that
my
father
________(go)to
the
sea
to
breathe
in
some
fresh
air.
【答案】(should)
go
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：医生建议我的爸爸去海边呼吸一些新鲜空气。recommend表示“建议”，后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可省略，故填（should）go。
42.It
is
suggested
that
everyone
________(wear)
a
mask
if
he
goes
out.
【答案】(should)
wear
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：建议大家外出时都戴上口罩。It
is
suggested
that…建议……，固定句型，此处suggested(建议)后接主语从句时，从句的谓语动词需用虚拟语气，其结构为：should+动词原形，should可省略。故填(should)
wear。
43.
I
suggested
that
he_________（复习功课）for
the
coming
exam.
（根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】（should）review/go
over
his
lessons
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我建议他复习功课准备即将到来的考试。分析句子可知，空处为宾语从句的谓语，表示“复习”应用动词review或动词短语go
over，“复习（他的）功课”为“review/go
over
his
lessons”；suggest作“建议”讲时，后接宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词形式为should
do，其中should可以省略，故填（should）review/go
over
his
lessons。
44.
We
had
to
________（破门而入）
the
house
as
we
had
lost
the
key.
（根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】break
into
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：我们不得不破门而入，因为我们把钥匙弄丢了。根据汉语提示break
into破门而入，have
to后跟动词原形，故填break
into。
45.
We
must
______________________________（理论联系实际）.
(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】link
theory
with
practice
【解析】考查名词和固定短语。句意：我们必须理论联系实际。固定短语link
A
with
B，将A和B联系起来，theory
表示“理论”，practice表示“实际”，本句中二者都表示抽象意义，为不可数名词，情态动词must后用动词原形，故填：link
theory
with
practice。
三、完成句子
46.
我们应该经常牢记的是我们必须为人民服务。
What
we
must
always
________is
that
we
must
serve
the
people.
【答案】keep
in
mind
【解析】考查固定短语。根据句意可知，空处应填入“牢记”，固定短语“keep
in
mind”表示“牢记”，由情态动词must可知，动词应用原形。故填keep
in
mind。
47.
它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期。
It
________several
thousands
of
years
to
the
use
of
longgu.
【答案】can
date
back
to
【解析】考查情态动词和固定短语。由句意可知，空处需填入句子的谓语“可以追溯到”，句意描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时；表示“可以”应用情态动词can，后接动词原形；固定短语date
back
to…表示“追溯到……”。故填can
date
back
to。
48.
几乎没有人能指望一辈子都干一个工作。
Few
people
can
______
______
having
a
job
for
life.
【答案】count
on
【解析】考查动词短语。根据句意可知，此处需填“指望”，可用动词短语count
on，意为“依靠，指望”；情态动词can后加原形。故填①count；②on。
49.
It
is
surprising
that
such
an
innocent-looking
man
should
have
c_____
such
a
crime.
【答案】committed
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：令人惊讶的是，这样一个无辜的人竟然会犯下这样的罪行。根据首字母提示及句意，可知空白处填写动词“犯罪”，should
have
+
过去分词，表示“竟然做过......”，结合设空前的have，可知空白处填过去分词。故填committed。
50.
In
art
criticism,
you
must
a_________(假定)
the
artist
has
a
secret
message
hidden
within
the
work.
【答案】assume
【解析】考查动词。句意：在艺术批评中，你必须假设艺术家在作品中隐藏着一个秘密信息。情态动词must
+动词原形，此处用动词assume的动词原形形式。故填assume。
四、语法填空
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Why
is
setting
goals
important?
Goals
can
help
you
do,
be,
and
experience
everything
you
want
in
life
and
goals
allow
you
51.
(make)
your
life
happen.
Successful
people
imagine
how
their
life
should
be
and
set
lots
of
goals.
By
setting
goals
you
are
taking
control
of
your
life.
It's
like
52.
(
have)
a
map
to
show
you
where
you
want
to
go.
Think
of
it
this
way.
There
are
two
drivers.
One
has
a
destination
in
mind
which
can
53.
(find)
on
a
map.
She
can
drive
straight
there
without
any
wasted
time
or
wrong
54.
(turn).
The
other
driver
has
no
goal
or
destination
55.
map.
She
starts
off
at
the
same
time
from
the
same
place
as
56.
first
driver,
but
she
drives
57.
(
aim)
around,
never
getting
anywhere,
just
using
up
gas.
Which
driver
do
you
want
to
be?
Winners
in
life
set
goals
and
follow
through
on
them.
58.
(success)
people
just
let
life
happen
by
accident.
Goals
aren't
difficult
to
set,
and
they
aren't
difficult
to
reach.
It's
up
59.
you
to
find
out
what
your
goals
really
are.
You
are
the
one
who
must
decide
what
to
achieve
and
in
60.
direction
to
aim
your
life.
【答案】
51.
to
make
52.
having
53.
be
found
54.
turns/turnings
55.
or
56.
the
57.
aimlessly
58.
Unsuccessful
59.
to
60.
what/which
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要说了确定目标的重要性。通过设定目标，你可以控制自己的生活。这就像有一张地图告诉你想去的地方。成功者设定目标，他们决定自己想要什么样的生活，然后通过制定计划实现目标。
51.
考查固定短语。句意：目标能帮助你做你想做的事，成为你想成为的人，体验你想要的生活，目标能让你的生活发生。短语allow
sb
to
do
sth.“允许某人做某事”后跟不定式，故填to
make。
52.
考查固定短语。句意：这就像有地图告诉你要去哪里一样。固定句式it
is
like
doing
sth.“就像做某事一样”，故填having。
53.
考查动词时态语态。句意：一个人心中有一个可以在地图上找到的目的地。定语从句主语destination与谓语动词find构成被动关系，且情态动词can后跟动词原形，故填be
found。
54.
考查名词。句意：她可以直接开车到那里，不会浪费时间，也不会拐错弯。wrong为形容词修饰可数名词turn/turning“转弯”，且turn前面没有冠词故应用复数形式，故填turns/turnings。
55.
考查连词。句意：另一个驱动程序没有目标、目的地或地图。根据上文no
goal
or
destination可知应填or“或者”。
56.
考查冠词。句意：她和第一个司机在同一时间从同一地点出发，但是她漫无目的地开着车，哪儿也去不了，只是用完了汽油。first为序数词前面需要添加定冠词。故填the。
57.
考查副词。句意：她和第一个司机在同一时间从同一地点出发，但是她漫无目的地开着车，哪儿也去不了，只是用完了汽油。drive为动词需要副词修饰，且表示“漫无目的地”故填aimlessly。
58.
考查形容词。句意：不成功的人只是让生活意外发生。people为名词需要形容词修饰，且根据下文just
let
life
happen
by
accident可知是指“不成功的人”的做法。故填Unsuccessful。
59.
考查固定短语。句意：这取决于你去发现你真正的目标是什么。短语up
to
sb.“取决于某人”，故填to。
60.
考查连接词。句意：你必须决定要达到什么目标，朝什么/哪个方向生活。本句为宾语从句，从句中做介词in的宾语，指物，表示“什么”或“哪一个”故填what/which。
2
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have
you
ever
wondered
where
Lego(乐高积木)came
from?
Like
many
great
inventions,the
story
is
not
just
one
of
a
great
idea,
61.
one
of
a
ton
of
hard
work
and
perseverance（毅力）.
The
story
started
in
Denmark.
Ole
Christiansen
was
a
carpenter
62.
was
struggling
with
his
small
business.
His
wife
died
63.
(short)
after
his
fourth
son
was
born.
He
had
to
work
hard
to
support
his
family
alone.
He
started
making
wood
toys,but
they
didn't
sell
well.
He
decided
his
toys
needed
a
name,and
he
chose
64.
name"Lego".
Unfortunately,
several
years
later,
his
workshop
65.
(burn)
to
the
ground.
Soon,he
started
to
make
a
few
plastic
toys.
He
got
the
idea
to
create
a
“system"
of
toys
that
would
build
up
kids'
66.
(imagine)
and
creativity.
He
decided
to
stop
67.
(make)
wood
toys
and
focus
only
on
the
connected
plastic
toys.
Then
he
started
to
build
more
and
more
kinds
of
68.
(model).
Each
one
had
to
be
of
the
69.
(high)
quality,
which
can
be
reflected
in
Lego's
motto
—“Only
the
best
is
good
enough.
”
Thanks
to
their
perseverance,
kids
can
enjoy
Lego
toys,
movies,
amusement
parks
and
clothing.
But
none
of
this
would
have
existed
at
that
time
if
they
70.
(give
up)
when
times
got
hard.
【答案】
61.
but
62.
who/that
63.
shortly
64.
the
65.
was
burned(burnt)
66.
imagination
67.
making
68.
models
69.
highest
70.
had
given
up
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了丹麦的一个木匠奥尔·克里斯琴森创造乐高玩具的经过。
61.
考查连词。句意:
像许多伟大的发明一样，这个故事不仅仅是一个伟大的想法，而是大量的努力和毅力的结晶。短语not…but…“不是……而是……”，故填but。
62.
考查定语从句连接词。句意：奥尔·克里斯琴森是个木匠，他的小生意做得很艰难。本句为定语从句修饰先行词carpenter，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，故填who/that。
63.
考查副词。句意：他的妻子在他的第四个儿子出生后不久就去世了。短语shortly
after表示“不久之后；很快”应填副词shortly。
64.
考查冠词。句意：他觉得他的玩具需要一个名字，于是他选择了“乐高”这个名字。name为可数名词，此处特指下文"Lego"这个名字，故用定冠词the。
65.
考查动词时态语态。句意：不幸的是，几年后，他的工作室被夷为平地。根据上文several
years
later可知为描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，且主语workshop与谓语动词构成被动关系，故填was
burned(burnt)。
66.
考查名词。句意：他的想法是创造一个玩具“系统”，可以培养孩子的想象力和创造力。根据下文并列结构and
creativity可知应填名词imagination。
67.
考查固定搭配。句意：他决定停止制作木制玩具，只专注于连接塑料玩具。短语stop
doing
sth.“停止正在做的事”后跟-ing形式，故填making。
68.
考查名词的数。句意：然后他开始建立越来越多的模型。model为可数名词，且根据上文more
and
more
kinds
of可知应填名词的复数形式models。
69.
考查形容词最高级。句意：每一个都必须是最高质量的，这可以体现在乐高的格言“只有最好的才足够好”。根据句意以及上文the可知应填形容词最高级highest。
70.
考查虚拟语气。句意：但如果他们在困难时期放弃了，这一切在当时都不会存在。在if引导的虚拟语气中，表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“
if
+
主语
+
动词的过去完成式，主语
+would
/
could
/
should
/
might
+
have
+
动词的过去分词”。故填had
given
up。2021届高考二轮英语语法专训
13.
情态动词与虚拟语气
重点一
情态动词的基本用法★★☆☆☆
1.情态动词近几年常考点
总结近几年高考语法填空对情态动词的考查可知，主要涉及以下3点：
(1)情态动词后要加动词原形/系动词be构成谓语。
(2)含情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
(3)该用过去式时没用，有过去式的情态动词有：can→could、may→might、shall→should、will→would、have
to→had
to、dare→dared。
2．情态动词的基本用法
(1)can/could
①表能力、请求、可能性(表示可能性用于否定句及疑问句中)；②相关的特殊句型有：can
not
...
too
.../enough(再怎么……也不过分)、can't
help
but
do
sth.(不得不做某事)、can't
wait
to
do
sth.(迫不及待地做某事)。
(2)may/might
①表较小的可能性；②表示请求许可以及祝愿。相关句型或搭配：may/might
as
well
do表示“还是……好；最好……”；may
well
do表示“很可能”；③may可以用来表示祝愿，用“may＋主语＋动词原形”结构。
May
you
succeed.祝你成功。
(3)must
①表示非常肯定的推测；②表“偏要；非要……不可”；
③mustn't意为“禁止”，表示“不必”应用needn't。
(4)shall的用法
①用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表命令、警告、许诺或威胁等，语气强于should；②用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征询意见。
(5)should/ought
to
①should表责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”，还可表出乎意料的语气，意为“竟然”；②ought
to表义务或责任，意为“应该”。
(6)will/would
①表意志或意愿；②表事物的某种性质和倾向，或“按规律”“注定会”；③表示习惯，will可以表示现在的习惯，意为“总是；习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作用would。
(7)need和dare
need“需要”和dare“敢”，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。
(单句填空)
1．The
only
thing
that
I
________
do
was
that
I
wished
her
a
long
life.
2．It
can
give
us
energy
and
________
(make)
us
happy.
3．Meanwhile,
I
found
out
that
with
more
patience
I
make
my
toys
last.
重点二
情态动词表推测的用法★★☆☆☆
must
肯定句
一般时、进行时、完成时
一定；肯定
Jack
described
his
father,
who
must
have
been
a
brave
boy
many
years
ago,
as
a
strong－willed
man.
can
(could)
疑问句，否定句
一般时、进行时、完成时
可能，能够
It
can't
be
the
postman
at
the
door.
It's
only
six
o'clock.
may(might)
肯定句、否定句
一般时、进行时、完成时
也许，可能
—I
left
my
handbag
on
the
train,
but
luckily
someone
gave
it
to
a
railway
official.—How
unbelievable
to
get
it
back!
I
mean,
someone
might
have
stolen
it.
should(ought
to)
肯定句、否定句
一般时、完成时
确定或期待，应该
I
shouldn't
have
watched
that
movie—it'll
give
me
horrible
dreams.
(单句填空)
4．(2018·天津高考)I
can't
find
my
purse.
I
might
________
(leave)
it
in
the
supermarket
yesterday,
but
I'm
not
sure.
5．(2017·北京高考)Samuel,
the
tallest
boy
in
our
class,
easily
reach
the
books
on
the
top
shelf.
6．You
________
not
have
waken
me
up.
I
don't
have
to
go
to
work
today.
重点三
虚拟语气的用法★★☆☆☆
1.if条件句中的虚拟语气
if条件从句
从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
表示现在情况
动词过去式(be的过去式用were)
should/would/could/might＋动词原形
表示过去情况
had＋过去分词
should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词
表示将来情况
should＋动词原形
should/would/could/might＋动词原形
动词过去式
were
to＋动词原形
·If
I
had
enough
money,
I
would
buy
myself
a
computer
first
of
all.
如果我有足够的钱，我首先要为自己买一台电脑。
·If
you
had
come
earlier,
you
couldn't/wouldn't
have
missed
the
bus.
如果你早点儿来，你就不会错过那班公共汽车了。
·If
I
saw/should
see/were
to
see
him
tomorrow,
I
would
invite
him
home.
如果明天见到他，我会邀请他到我家。
[核心提示]
(1)if引导的非真实条件句中如果出现should、were或had，可以把if省略，把should、were或had提到句首，其他语序不变。
(2)当if条件句中主、从句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为错综时间条件句，这时动词的形式应根据动词所指的时间进行调整。
(3)有时假设的情况并不用条件句表现出来，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过without、or、otherwise、but
for等词或短语来表示。
2．should＋do
...结构的虚拟语气
一些表示命令、要求、请求、建议的动词，后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词，常见的这类动词有：order、command、require、request、demand、advise、suggest
(建议)、propose、recommend、insist
(坚持，坚决要求)等；以上这些动词以及其所对应的名词在涉及主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，从句谓语也要用“should＋动词原形”来表示，同样，should可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词。
·Your
suggestion
that
the
door
(should)
be
shut
when
we
leave
is
reasonable.
你的那个当我们离开的时候应该关上门的建议是合理的。
3．wish后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反时，谓语用一般过去时；与过去事实相反时，谓语用过去完成时；与将来事实相反时，谓语用“could/would/might＋动词原形”。
·I
wish
I
had
told
him
the
way
to
the
supermarket.
我真希望我已经告诉了他到超市的路线。
4．would
rather“宁愿……”后接宾语从句时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。与现在或将来事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。
5．It
is
(high/about)
time
(that)
...意为“是……的时候了”，that从句谓语要用虚拟语气。从句谓语的形式有两种：一种是用一般过去时；另一种是用“should＋动词原形”，需要注意的是，这里的should不能省略。
·It's
high
time
that
we
got/should
get
down
to
working.
该我们着手工作的时候了。
6．if
only从句中的虚拟语气
if
only引导的感叹句，其虚拟语气的结构与wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。
7．as
if、as
though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
·It
seems
as
though
it
were
spring
already.
看起来好像已经是春天了一样。(事实上不是)
(单句填空)
7．(2019·江苏高考)What
a
pity!
You
missed
the
sightseeing,
or
we
would
________
(have)
a
good
time
together.
8．(2018·天津高考)If
we
________
(catch)
the
flight
yesterday,
we
would
be
enjoying
our
holiday
on
the
beach
now.
9．(2018·江苏高考)There
is
a
good
social
life
in
the
village,
and
I
wish
I
(have)
a
second
chance
to
become
more
involved.
【
技巧】
▲核心技法回顾
1．空后是do/have
done/be
doing，根据语境、语义、语气确定填哪个情态动词。
2．情态动词不能单独做谓语，需和后面的实义动词原形或be动词构成谓语：情态动词＋do/be
...。表对过去的猜测时用“情态动词＋have
done”。
3．虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的情况进行的虚拟，判断出时间后再根据相应的句型确定谓语动词的形式。
▲语法填空解题技法练习
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．(2019·天津高考)The
workers
were
not
better
organized,
otherwise
they
would
________
(accomplish)
the
task
in
half
the
time.
2．(2018·北京高考)In
today's
information
age,
the
loss
of
data
________
cause
serious
problems
for
a
company.
3．(全国卷Ⅱ)Some
classmates
suggest
we
(go)
to
places
of
interest
nearby.
4．(2020·北京西城区质检)Our
desires
are
repackaged
by
giant
tech
companies
and
then
they
________
(sell)
back
to
us
under
the
cover
of
free
content,
but
it
isn't
free.
5．(2020·北京大兴区质检)We
get
our
warmth
from
the
sun.
The
Earth
________
(take)
one
year
to
go
around
the
sun.
6．Being
physically
active
________
(offer)
many
advantages.
As
a
physical
reward,
exercise
________
reduce
weight
and
the
risk
of
heart
disease.
Exercise
also
________
(bring)
good
effects
mentally.
7．Dr.
William
retired
from
business
at
an
early
age;
and
an
important
reason
for
his
doing
so
was
that
he
might
devote
himself
more
fully
to
the
education
of
his
daughters,
which
________
(conduct)
almost
entirely
at
home.
8．(2020·北京石景山质检)I
bent
down,
picked
them
up
and
entered
the
post
office.
Inside
a
lady
________
(dig)
through
her
purse
at
the
counter
anxiously
looking
for
change
to
mail
a
package.
9．Still
China
________
(develop),
but
the
economic
growth
means
that
most
people
________
(see)
their
living
standards
improve
rapidly
in
the
last
20
years.
People
I
________
(speak)
with
were
generally
optimistic
about
the
future.
10．The
university,
however,
says
it
________
(consider)
gaokao
scores
for
years,
requiring
a
student
to
rank
in
the
top
0.1
percent
on
the
test
in
their
province.
11．The
Chinese
written
language
________
(begin)
to
develop
more
than
3,000
years
ago
and
eventually
evolved
into
five
basic
script
types.
Ⅱ.易错练习
1．The
musician
along
with
his
band
members
________
(give)
ten
performances
in
the
last
three
months.
2．I
________
(hope)
to
send
Peter
a
gift
to
congratulate
him
on
his
marriage,
but
I
couldn't
manage
it.
3．A
few
months
after
he
had
arrived
in
China,
Mr.
Smith
(fall)
in
love
with
the
people
and
culture
there.
4．It
overlooked
the
Seine,
the
famous
river
I
________
(read)
about
in
so
many
poems.
5.
The
Cooler
Screens
system
instantly
(analyze)
all
of
this
data,
and
then
starts
showing
ads
on
the
cooler
door.
6．As
in
real
football,
points
will
________
(award)
when
putting
the
ball
in
the
other
players'
goal.
Table
football
requires
using
hands
and
eyes
together
excellently,
which
________
(be)
really
exciting.
【
能力】
一、单项选择
1.
—
It
was
not
the
best
time
to
go
there.
—
Yes.
I
your
advice
before
I
made
my
decision.
A.
could
accept
B.
should
accept
C.
ought
to
accept
D.
should
have
accepted
2.
When
it
comes
to
sensitive
topics
such
as
race
or
religion,
he
always
keeps
silent
for
fear
of
saying
something
that
might
________
someone.
A.
consult
B.
assist
C.
offend
D.
impress
3.
The
rules
state
that
no
citizen
________
be
allowed
out
of
high-risk
areas
during
the
Spring
Festival
unless
he
has
the
negative
nucleic
acid
(核酸)
result
within
7
days
.
A.
might
B.
may
C.
shall
D.
must
4.
—Mum,
may
I
play
outside
now?
—
No,
you
___________.
You
have
to
clean
your
room
first.
A.
shouldn’t
B.
needn’t
C.
mustn’t
D.
won’t
5.
We
have
enough
time,
you
____________
hurry.
A.
mustn't
B.
wouldn't
C.
may
not
D.
don't
have
to
6.
Playing
computer
games
cost
the
boy
plenty
of
time
he
________
have
spent
doing
his
lessons.
A.
ought
to
B.
could
C.
may
D.
must
7.
I've
ordered
some
pizza,
so
we_______worry
about
cooking
when
we
get
home
tired.
A.
can't
B.
needn't
C.
may
not
D.
should
not
8.
He
hardly
______________
apologize
for
any
inconvenience
caused,
since
we
know
it's
not
his
fault.
A.
don't
need
to
B.
needs
C.
need
D.
needn't
9.
There
is
not
the
remotest
possibility
of
anyone
calling
on
me,
and
it
is
unbelievable
that
I
______________
call
on
anyone
else.
A.
can
B.
might
C.
should
D.
must
10.
I
have
been
writing
a
novel
which
is
based
on
a
real
love
story
and
it_________
be
ready
early
next
month.
A.
can
B.
must
C.
should
D.
need
11.
Peter
too
far.
His
coffee
is
still
warm.
A.
mustn't
have
done
B.
might
have
gone
C.
can't
have
gone
D.
needn't
have
gone
彼得应该走不远，是12.
It
_____
have
rained
last
night,
because
the
ground
is
wet
now.
A.
could
B.
should
C.
must
D.
need
【答案】C
13.
When
he
was
at
college,
he
_____
go
to
that
coffee
shop
to
do
a
part-time
job
every
weekend.
A.
must
B.
should
C.
might
D.
would
14.
Zack________participate
in
the
football
match
next
week,
because
he
fell
off
the
bike
and
had
his
left
leg
broken
yesterday.
A.
shouldn’t
B.
mustn’t
C.
can’t
D.
mightn’t
15.
---I
think
you
______
there
in
person;
a
phone
call
would
have
been
fine.
---It’s
OK
and
I
was
so
glad
to
have
seen
your
mum.
A.
couldn’t
have
been
B.
shouldn’t
be
C.
needn’t
have
been
D.
wouldn’t
be
16.
If
he
had
spent
more
time
practising
spoken
English
before,
he
____
able
to
speak
it
much
better
now.
A.
would
be
B.
will
be
C.
has
been
D.
had
been
17.
If
you
my
advice,
you
such
a
big
mistake.
A.
took;
would
not
make
B.
had
taken;
will
not
make
C.
have
taken;
will
not
make
D.
had
taken;
would
not
have
made
18.
The
manager
demanded
that
the
workers
the
task
ahead
of
schedule.
A.
accomplishing
B.
accomplished
C.
accomplish
D.
to
accomplish
19.
It
is
lucky
we
booked
a
room,
or
we
________
nowhere
to
stay
now.
A.
had
B.
have
C.
would
have
D.
would
have
had
20.
---Have
you
heard
that
Ben
and
Bill
had
a
fight
yesterday?
---Yes.
Now
they
don’t
say
a
single
word
to
each
other.
It
seems
as
if
they
______
each
other
before.
A.
didn’t
know
B.
don’t
know
C.
have
never
known
D.
had
never
known
21.
Left
to
itself,
the
place
______________
into
a
prosperous
civilized
community.
A.
was
to
grow
B.
were
to
grow
C.
should
have
grown
D.
would
have
grown
22.
I'm
sure
he
is
keeping
something
back.
I'd
rather
he
______________
me
the
truth.
A.
tells
B.
told
C.
has
told
D.
had
told
23.
The
current
population
of
the
plant
______________
fit
into
the
state
of
Taxes,
if
Taxes
were
settled
as
thickly
as
New
York
City.
A.
could
B.
can
C.
will
D.
should
24.
Li
Ling
acted
in
the
party
that
way
as
if
he__________the
host.
A.
had
been
B.
is
C.
should
be
D.
were
25.
I
would
rather
she
_____
at
home
next
week.
A.
stay
B.
have
stayed
C.
stayed
D.
had
stayed
26.
______
the
truth,
he
wouldn't
have
helped
her
at
all.
A.
Should
Bob
know
B.
Had
Bob
known
C.
Were
Bob
to
know
D.
Have
Bob
known
27.
You
are
always
sleeping
in
class.
I'd
rather
you__________my
class.
A.
are
not
attending
B.
were
not
attending
C.
won't
attend
D.
not
attend
28.
I
couldn't
have
made
great
progress
in
English__________for
your
help.
A.
had
it
not
been
B.
should
it
not
be
C.
did
it
not
been
D.
were
it
not
29.
If
I__________in
the
bus
that
fell
into
the
river,
I__________with
you
now.
A.
was;
would
not
talk
B.
were;
couldn't
talk
C.
had
been;
wouldn't
have
talked
D.
had
been;
couldn't
be
talking
30.
His
pale
face
suggested
that
he__________ill
and
his
teacher
suggested
that
he__________to
the
hospital
at
once.
A.
should
be;
send
B.
was;
should
send
C.
was;
be
sent
D.
were;
be
sent
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
31.
He
recommended
that
she________（do）some
research
and
talk
to
dentists
about
what
a
healthier
candy
would
contain.
32.
It
is
required
that
students_________（do）some
exercise
for
at
least
an
hour
every
day.
33.
He
urged
that
I__________(recommend)
the
software
to
his
boss.
34.
The
doctor
ordered
that
she__________
(return)
to
work
after
she
fully
recovered.
35.
I
suggest
you__________（take）a
tent,
or
I
lend
you
one.
36.
He
insisted
that
we________（update）our
ideas
from
time
to
time.
37.
My
suggestion
is
that
we________(set)
off
early
tomorrow.
38.
It
is
vital
that
enough
money
________(collect)to
rebuild
the
disaster
area.
39.The
general's
order
was
that
the
town
________（occupy）before
midnight.
40.
The
boss
demanded
that
the
task
________(finish)
at
the
end
of
this
week.
41.
The
doctor
recommended
that
my
father
________(go)to
the
sea
to
breathe
in
some
fresh
air.
42.It
is
suggested
that
everyone
________(wear)
a
mask
if
he
goes
out.
43.
I
suggested
that
he_________（复习功课）for
the
coming
exam.
（根据汉语提示完成句子）
44.
We
had
to
________（破门而入）
the
house
as
we
had
lost
the
key.
（根据汉语提示完成句子）
45.
We
must
______________________________（理论联系实际）.
(根据汉语提示完成句子)
三、完成句子
46.
我们应该经常牢记的是我们必须为人民服务。
What
we
must
always
________is
that
we
must
serve
the
people.
47.
它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期。
It
________several
thousands
of
years
to
the
use
of
longgu.
48.
几乎没有人能指望一辈子都干一个工作。
Few
people
can
______
______
having
a
job
for
life.
49.
It
is
surprising
that
such
an
innocent-looking
man
should
have
c_____
such
a
crime.
50.
In
art
criticism,
you
must
a_________(假定)
the
artist
has
a
secret
message
hidden
within
the
work.
四、语法填空
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Why
is
setting
goals
important?
Goals
can
help
you
do,
be,
and
experience
everything
you
want
in
life
and
goals
allow
you
51.
(make)
your
life
happen.
Successful
people
imagine
how
their
life
should
be
and
set
lots
of
goals.
By
setting
goals
you
are
taking
control
of
your
life.
It's
like
52.
(
have)
a
map
to
show
you
where
you
want
to
go.
Think
of
it
this
way.
There
are
two
drivers.
One
has
a
destination
in
mind
which
can
53.
(find)
on
a
map.
She
can
drive
straight
there
without
any
wasted
time
or
wrong
54.
(turn).
The
other
driver
has
no
goal
or
destination
55.
map.
She
starts
off
at
the
same
time
from
the
same
place
as
56.
first
driver,
but
she
drives
57.
(
aim)
around,
never
getting
anywhere,
just
using
up
gas.
Which
driver
do
you
want
to
be?
Winners
in
life
set
goals
and
follow
through
on
them.
58.
(success)
people
just
let
life
happen
by
accident.
Goals
aren't
difficult
to
set,
and
they
aren't
difficult
to
reach.
It's
up
59.
you
to
find
out
what
your
goals
really
are.
You
are
the
one
who
must
decide
what
to
achieve
and
in
60.
direction
to
aim
your
life.
2
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have
you
ever
wondered
where
Lego(乐高积木)came
from?
Like
many
great
inventions,the
story
is
not
just
one
of
a
great
idea,
61.
one
of
a
ton
of
hard
work
and
perseverance（毅力）.
The
story
started
in
Denmark.
Ole
Christiansen
was
a
carpenter
62.
was
struggling
with
his
small
business.
His
wife
died
63.
(short)
after
his
fourth
son
was
born.
He
had
to
work
hard
to
support
his
family
alone.
He
started
making
wood
toys,but
they
didn't
sell
well.
He
decided
his
toys
needed
a
name,and
he
chose
64.
name"Lego".
Unfortunately,
several
years
later,
his
workshop
65.
(burn)
to
the
ground.
Soon,he
started
to
make
a
few
plastic
toys.
He
got
the
idea
to
create
a
“system"
of
toys
that
would
build
up
kids'
66.
(imagine)
and
creativity.
He
decided
to
stop
67.
(make)
wood
toys
and
focus
only
on
the
connected
plastic
toys.
Then
he
started
to
build
more
and
more
kinds
of
68.
(model).
Each
one
had
to
be
of
the
69.
(high)
quality,
which
can
be
reflected
in
Lego's
motto
—“Only
the
best
is
good
enough.
”
Thanks
to
their
perseverance,
kids
can
enjoy
Lego
toys,
movies,
amusement
parks
and
clothing.
But
none
of
this
would
have
existed
at
that
time
if
they
70.
(give
up)
when
times
got
hard.
