2021届高考二轮英语语法专训
12.
特殊句式
重点一
祈使句、感叹句和省略句★★☆☆☆
1.祈使句
祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略)，有时也可用everybody、someone、anybody等不定代词。
祈使句的4种形式：
①动词原形(＋宾语＋其他成分)；
②Be＋表语，如Be
honest.；
③Let's/Let
us
do/not
do
sth.；
④祈使句＋and/or＋简单句(简单句谓语用一般将来时)。
2．感叹句
(1)what引导的感叹句
What＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
What＋adj.＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
·What
lovely
children
they
are!
他们是多么可爱的孩子啊！
(2)how引导的感叹句
How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！
How＋主语＋谓语！
·How
interesting
a
story
it
is！＝What
an
interesting
story
it
is!
这是多么有趣的一个故事啊！
3．省略句
省略是高考经常涉及的语法点，常考的几种省略情况如下：
(1)状语从句的省略：在when、while、if、as
if、though、as、whether等连词引导的状语从句中，如果谓语有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it，则从句的主语和be常常省略。
(2)不定式中的省略：在一定的上下文中为了避免重复，可以省略不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to，否定形式的省略用not
to，但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be、have(做助动词用)，通常保留be或have。
(3)if引导的虚拟条件句的省略：当if从句中有had、should、were时，可以省去if，同时把had、should、were置于句首。
(单句填空)
1．I
was
impressed
by
________
selfless
she
was.
2．Get
up
early
tomorrow.
If
________，
you
will
miss
the
early
bus.
3．________
(take)
more
care
when
crossing
the
road,
or
you
will
be
fined.
重点二
强调句★★☆☆☆
强调句是高考考查的难点，在理解强调句时，学生要注意以下6点：
1．被强调部分是人时，连接词that/who都可以；非人时，用that；
2．强调句的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was＋it＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分？；
3．强调句的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？；
·When
was
it
that
he
made
up
his
mind
to
take
this
course?
他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？
4．含not
...
until
...的强调句型：It
is/was
not
until＋...＋that＋其他部分；
5．把句子中的“It
is/was
...
that/who”去掉之后，句子依然成立，就是强调句，否则就不是强调句；
6．如果需要强调谓语，应用助动词do、does或did。
The
family
did
manage
to
send
him
to
a
technical
school.
家里的确设法让他上了技术学校。
(单句填空)
4．It
was
the
habit,
rather
than
the
ability,
________
made
it
hard
for
him
to
make
progress.
5．It
was
in
the
basement
________
the
band
formed
two
years
ago.
重点三
两种形式的倒装句★☆☆☆☆
1.部分倒装
(1)将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never、seldom、rarely、little、few、at
no
time、by
no
means、no
longer、hardly/scarcely
...
when
...、no
sooner
...
than
...、not
only
...
but
also
...、not
until、nowhere、neither
...
nor
...等。
·Not
until
I
lost
my
job
did
I
realize
I
should
improve
my
working
skills.
直到我失业了，我才意识到我应该提高我的工作技能。
(2)“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。
·Only
when
you
can
find
peace
in
your
heart
will
you
keep
good
relationships
with
others.
只有当你能找到内心的平静，你才能和别人保持良好的关系。
(3)so/such
...
that
...结构中的so、such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。
·Such
great
progress
did
he
make
that
he
was
praised.
他取得了如此大的进步，以至于受到了表扬。
(4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。
·I
saw
the
film
The
Great
Wall
last
week,
so
did
she.
我上周看了电影《长城》，她也看了。
2．完全倒装
here、there、now、then、out、in、up、down、away、on
the
wall、in
the
room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且句子主语为名词时，句子用全部倒装。
·The
Public
Square
is
an
eye－catching
sight
of
the
city.
There
stand
many
stone
sculptures
of
famous
historical
figures.
大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那里。
(单句填空)
6．Between
rows
of
trees
________
(stand)
a
new
building,
which
is
supposed
to
be
our
new
library.
7．Not
until
then
________
(do)
I
know
my
senior
high
school
life
had
really
begun.
【
技巧】
▲核心技法回顾
利用特殊句式用法规则解题：
(1)祈使句的谓语动词一律用动词原形。
(2)there
be句型表“有”，there不能与have(有)连用。
(3)强调句型中，要用that做连接词，不能用which或其他词，且不能省略。
(4)利用句中的时态、时间状语或语境确定助动词/情态动词/系动词的正确使用。
▲语法填空解题技法练习
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China's
approach
to
protecting
its
environment
while
________
(feed)
its
citizens
offers
useful
lessons
for
agriculture
and
food
policymakers
worldwide.
2．(全国卷Ⅱ)It
could
be
anything—gardening,
cooking,
music,
sports
but
whatever
it
is,
________
(make)
sure
it's
a
relief
from
daily
stress
rather
than
another
thing
to
worry
about.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The
instructor
kept
repeating
the
words,
“Speed
up！”
“Slow
down！”
“________
(turn)
left！”
4．I
didn't
press
the
close
button
she
steadied
herself
in
the
lift.
5．Some
people
traveled
to
learn,
________
some
traveled
to
fight.
6．________
(think)
about
what
your
winter
might
look
like.
7．But
it
was
in
France
________
ballet
developed
into
the
form
we
know
today.
8．Results
showed
that
when
________
(show)
famous
faces,
the
testees
drew
a
blank
with
them.
9．My
brother
felt
embarrassed
that
he
hadn't
shared
the
ice
cream
with
his
friend,
________
he
gave
the
ice
cream
to
the
dog.
10．________
attractive
and
inviting
Hangzhou
is!
Ⅱ.易错练习
1．However,
increasing
air
travel
brought
the
demand
for
twin?engine
planes
that
can
fly
non?stop
to
________
people
want
to
travel.
2．In
mid?September,
________
their
seedless
white
grapes
ripen,
local
farmers
are
busy
picking
grapes
to
be
transported
to
other
parts
of
the
country.
3．Not
until
I
was
55
years
old
________
I
think
about
all
this.
4．________
red
was
her
coat
that
it
stood
out
against
the
snow.
III.语篇提能
One
place
that
has
left
a
lasting
(impress)
on
me
is
the
island
of
Lesvos
in
Greece.
I
went
there
for
holiday
with
some
of
my
friends.
We
felt
that
we
deserved
a
bit
of
sun
and
a
chance
(relax)
after
having
studied
so
hard.
Strangely
enough,
even
though
I
went
there
for
a
well?earned
rest.
I
(actual)
worked
harder
than
I
had
ever
done
before.
Instead
of
spending
my
days
on
the
beach
sunbathing
and
swimming
in
the
sea,
I
ended
up
(help)
the
locals
deal
with
the
endless
arrival
of
refugees
(难民),
many
of
were
struggling
to
get
to
the
beach
after
their
boats
had
turned
over.
Anyway,
this
holiday
turned
out
to
be
one
of
the
most
(forget)
of
my
life,
but
for
all
the
wrong
reasons.
Often,
when
I'm
alone
these
days,
I
(disturb)
by
the
memories
of
the
faces
of
parents
who
couldn't
find
their
children,
and
the
sound
of
people
screaming
help.
the
people
of
Lesvos
did
to
help
these
people,
opening
their
homes
to
them
and
sharing
the
few
possessions
they
themselves
owned,
was
absolutely
amazing.
I
was
completely
touched
by
the
generosity
of
the
people
of
Lesvos.
【
能力】
一、单项选择
1.
Not
until
midnight
when____________
all
done____________
to
bed
exhausted.
A.
was
the
work;
did
she
go
B.
the
work
was;
did
she
go
C.
was
the
work;
that
she
went
D.
the
work
was;
that
she
went
2.
It
is
not
____________
doing
the
things
we
like,
but
liking
the
things
we
have
to
do
_____
makes
life
worth
it.
A.
by;
that
B.
only;
which
C.
/;
that
D.
until;
which
3.
—____________
that
he
didn’t
dare
to
move
an
inch.
—So____________,
and
so
____________
you,
were
you
in
the
dark.
A.
So
frightened
was
he;
was
he;
would
B.
He
was
so
frightened;
he
was;
were
C.
So
frightened
was
he;
he
was;
would
D.
So
frightened
he
was;
was
he;
were
4.
The
research
team
are
still
working
hard
to
figure
out
________.
A.
it
was
what
that
caused
the
disease
B.
what
it
was
that
caused
the
disease
C.
what
was
it
that
caused
the
disease
D.
that
it
was
what
caused
the
disease
5.
It
was
from
the
few
supplies
________
she
had
bought
from
in
the
village
________
the
hostess
cooked
such
a
nice
dinner.
A.
that;
where
B.
which;
that
C.
that;
that
D.
that;
which
a
few
supplies
that
she
had
bought
from
in
the
village，因此用that。故选C项。
6.
The
climate
here
is
quite
pleasant,
the
temperature
rarely,
________,
reaching
30℃
in
summer.
A.
if
anything
B.
if
ever
C.
if
any
D.
if
so
7.
—He’s
been
to
China.
—___________
I
A.
So
am
B.
Nor
have
C.
So
have
D.
Neither
do
8.
Though
very
tired,
the
manager
kept
on
working
in
the
office.
A.
feeling
B.
feel
C.
have
felt
D.
felt
9.
Of
all
the
traditional
festivals,
it
is
the
harvest
festival
can
be
found
in
almost
every
culture.
A.
that
B.
who
C.
which
D.
where
10.
Only
if
humans
the
space
exploration
technology
a
new
journey
for
universe
exploration.
A.
had
updated;
they
started
B.
have
updated;
will
they
start
C.
had
updated;
did
they
start
D.
have
updated;
they
will
start
11.
There
____neither
gas
nor
electricity
at
home,
we
had
to
go
to
the
nearest
restaurant
to
have
lunch.
A.
had
been
B.
was
C.
being
D.
has
been
12.
It
was
with
great
courage_______
the
boy
told
the
truth________
he
had
stolen
the
money.
A.
which;
that
B.
when;
what
C.
as;
that
D.
that;
that
13.
Cooking
up
a
quick
dish
doesn’t
always
mean
sacrifice
of
flavour.
have
to
be
junk
food.
A.
Nor
fast
food
does
B.
Nor
does
fast
food
C.
So
does
fast
food
D.
So
fast
food
does
14.
It
is
for
this
reason
________
Spanish
is
the
main
official
language
of
Peru.
A.
why
B.
that
C.
which
D.
for
which
15.
At
the
meeting
place
of
the
Yangtze
River
and
Jialng
River
________,
one
of
the
ten
largest
cities
in
China.
A.
lies
Chongqing
B.
Chongqing
lies
C.
does
lie
Chongqing
D.
does
Chongqing
lie
16.
____
is
only
when
we
lose
something
_____we
become
fully
aware
of
how
much
we
value
it.
A.
It...that
B.
There...which
C.
It...so
D.
There...that
17.
It
is
in
the
very
hospital
_____
she
was
born
17
years
ago
____
she
is
lying
now
due
to
drug
abuse.
A.
that...where
B.
that...that
C.
where...that
D.
where...where
18.
--I
will
never
forget
the
day
______
I
came
to
the
new
campus
for
the
first
time.
---
______.
On
setting
foot
on
the
campus,
I
was
impressed
______
the
beauty
of
it.
A.
which;
So
will
I;
by
B.
that;
Neither
I
will;
with
C.
when;
Neither
will
I;
by
D.
when;
Neither
will
I;
on
19.
---
Here
______.
Where
is
Jane?
I
can’t
find
her.
---There
______.
A.
comes
the
bus;
she
is
B.
comes
the
bus;
is
she
C.
the
bus
comes;
she
is
D.
the
bus
comes;
is
she
20.
In
classes,
you'd
better
understand
as
much
as
possible
while
_______notes.
A.
take
B.
taken
C.
taking
D.
to
take
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
21.
It
is
I
who______(be)
to
blame
for
the
accident.
22.
It
was
not
until
I
came
here______I
realized
this
place
was
famous
for
not
only
its
beauty
but
also
its
weather.
23.
John’s
success
has
nothing
to
do
with
good
luck.
It
is
years
of
hard
work______has
made
him
what
he
is
today.
24.
______is
imagination
that
makes
the
world
colourful.
25.
I
would
rather______(starve)
than______(beg)
in
the
street.
=1
prefer______(starve)
rather
than______(beg)
in
the
street.
【答案】starve
beg
to
starve
beg
26.
Rather
than______(stay)
here,
I
prefer
to
leave.
27.
While________(give)
concerts,
the
master
musician
composes
music
and
recites
poetry.
28.
It
was
with
the
help
of
the
local
villagers
________
the
police
found
the
missing
children.
29.
It
was
his
warning
________
prevented
us
from
being
attacked
by
the
bad
men.
30.
It
is
Mrs.
Brown
________
has
a
preference
for
the
color
of
green.
31.
When
_______(face)
with
difficulties,
you
may
find
it
hard
to
overcome
them,
but
you
can
succeed
so
long
as
you
don’t
give
up.
32.
The
project
is
so
designed
that
once
_______
(begin)
nothing
can
be
done
to
change
it.
33.
________call
Nike
when
you
arrive.
Just
come
up
to
my
house.
I’ll
be
at
home
all
day.(there)
34.
Among
them_______
(be)
special
windows
that
are
resistant
to
dirt
and
water.
35.
It
was
not
until
1938_________the
first
color
TV
programme
was
broadcast.
36.
If_________
(consume)
in
large
quantities
without
limit,
clean
drinking
water
will
face
the
danger
of
running
out.
37.
Try
________
he
may,
he
is
not
able
to
persuade
his
father
to
give
up
smoking
38.
Hot________the
night
air
was,
we
slept
deeply
because
we
were
so
tired
after
a
hard
day's
work.
39.
It
was
in
front
of
the
Palace
Museum______________
a
lot
of
people
were
waiting
to
buy
the
tickets.
40.
______
was
my
teacher’s
praise
that
contributes
to
my
success.
三、语法填空
1
While
driving
alone
through
the
countryside,
Linda
saw
an
old
woman
by
the
side
of
the
road,
reaching
out
her
hand.
41.
was
getting
dark
and
raining.
“I
can
t
leave
her
out
in
this
weather,”
Linda
said
to
herself,
so
she
stopped
the
car.
“
Shall
I
offer
you
42.
lift?”
Linda
asked.
The
old
woman
nodded
and
climbed
into
the
car.
After
a
while
Linda
asked,
“Have
you
waited
for
long?”
The
old
woman
shook
her
head.
43.
(strange)enough,
the
old
woman
didn’t
say
a
single
word
all
the
way.
Her
only
44.
(respond)
was
always
a
nod
of
the
head
or
something
else
like
that.
Then
Linda
saw
the
lady’s
hands,
45.
were
very
large
and
covered
with
thick
hair.
She
realized
46.
the
lady
was
a
man!
After
47.
(stop)
the
car,
Linda
said,
“can’t
see
that
mirror.
Would
you
mind
cleaning
it
48.
me?”
The
lady
nodded
and
opened
the
door.
As
soon
as
the
“lady”
was
out
of
the
car,
Linda
drove
off
quickly.
When
Linda
arrived
home,
she
found
that
the
old
lady
49.
(leave)
a
handbag
on
the
backseat.
She
opened
it
and
let
out
a
deep
breath.
Inside
it
50.
two
sharp
knives.
2
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式
We’ve
all
turned
to
sad
music
to
make
us
feel
51.
(good)at
some
point
in
our
lives,
but
why
does
doubling
down
on
the
sadness
help
drag
us
out
of
the
mire(泥沼
)？
A
new
study
sheds
light
on
what’s
going
on
inside
our
brains
52.
we
match
our
music
to
our
feelings.
It
looks
like
sad
music
can
be
enjoyable
-rather
than
53.
(simple)
depressing-
because
it
triggers
positive
memories
that
can
help
to
lift
our
mood.
Psychologist
Adrian
North
from
Curtin
University
in
Australia
says
there
54.
(be)two
groups
of
possible55.
(explain)for
why
we
enjoy
listening
to
sad
music
like
this:
one
from
social
psychology,
and
one
from
cognitive
neuroscience(认知神经学).
In
terms
of
social
psychology,
one
way
of
56.
(think)
about
this
is
that
we
feel
much
better
about
57.
(we)
if
we
focus
on
someone
who’s
doing
even
worse,
a
process
known
as
downward
social
comparison.
Everything’s
going
to
be
okay,
because
this
person
58.
(have)
an
even
worse
day
than
you
are.
Another
theory
from
social
psychology
is
that
people
like
to
listen
59.
music
that
mirrors
the
tone
of
their
current
life
circumstances
-the
songs
act
as
60.
sort
of
tuning
fork(音叉)
for
our
own
situations
and
they
resonate(共鸣)
with
us.2021届高考二轮英语语法专训
12.
特殊句式
重点一
祈使句、感叹句和省略句★★☆☆☆
1.祈使句
祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略)，有时也可用everybody、someone、anybody等不定代词。
祈使句的4种形式：
①动词原形(＋宾语＋其他成分)；
②Be＋表语，如Be
honest.；
③Let's/Let
us
do/not
do
sth.；
④祈使句＋and/or＋简单句(简单句谓语用一般将来时)。
2．感叹句
(1)what引导的感叹句
What＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
What＋adj.＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
·What
lovely
children
they
are!
他们是多么可爱的孩子啊！
(2)how引导的感叹句
How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！
How＋主语＋谓语！
·How
interesting
a
story
it
is！＝What
an
interesting
story
it
is!
这是多么有趣的一个故事啊！
3．省略句
省略是高考经常涉及的语法点，常考的几种省略情况如下：
(1)状语从句的省略：在when、while、if、as
if、though、as、whether等连词引导的状语从句中，如果谓语有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it，则从句的主语和be常常省略。
(2)不定式中的省略：在一定的上下文中为了避免重复，可以省略不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to，否定形式的省略用not
to，但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be、have(做助动词用)，通常保留be或have。
(3)if引导的虚拟条件句的省略：当if从句中有had、should、were时，可以省去if，同时把had、should、were置于句首。
(单句填空)
1．I
was
impressed
by
________
selfless
she
was.
答案与解析 how 句意：我被她的无私打动了。设空后是形容词selfless,
故应用how引导感叹句，同时在句中引导宾语从句。
2．Get
up
early
tomorrow.
If
________，
you
will
miss
the
early
bus.
答案与解析 not 句意：明天早起。如果不早起的话，你将会错过早班车。在if
so/not省略句式中，so/not指代上一句的内容，根据miss
the
early
bus可知，设空处是指“不早起”。
3．________
(take)
more
care
when
crossing
the
road,
or
you
will
be
fined.
答案与解析 Take 本句的句子结构为“祈使句＋or＋简单句”，表示“……否则……”。故填Take。
重点二
强调句★★☆☆☆
强调句是高考考查的难点，在理解强调句时，学生要注意以下6点：
1．被强调部分是人时，连接词that/who都可以；非人时，用that；
2．强调句的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was＋it＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分？；
3．强调句的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？；
·When
was
it
that
he
made
up
his
mind
to
take
this
course?
他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？
4．含not
...
until
...的强调句型：It
is/was
not
until＋...＋that＋其他部分；
5．把句子中的“It
is/was
...
that/who”去掉之后，句子依然成立，就是强调句，否则就不是强调句；
6．如果需要强调谓语，应用助动词do、does或did。
The
family
did
manage
to
send
him
to
a
technical
school.
家里的确设法让他上了技术学校。
(单句填空)
4．It
was
the
habit,
rather
than
the
ability,
________
made
it
hard
for
him
to
make
progress.
答案与解析 that 句意：是习惯而不是能力使他很难取得进步。本句为强调句，被强调部分为句子的主语，即the
habit,
故填that。
5．It
was
in
the
basement
________
the
band
formed
two
years
ago.
答案与解析 that 本句为强调句，被强调成分为句子的地点状语in
the
basement，故填that。
重点三
两种形式的倒装句★☆☆☆☆
1.部分倒装
(1)将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never、seldom、rarely、little、few、at
no
time、by
no
means、no
longer、hardly/scarcely
...
when
...、no
sooner
...
than
...、not
only
...
but
also
...、not
until、nowhere、neither
...
nor
...等。
·Not
until
I
lost
my
job
did
I
realize
I
should
improve
my
working
skills.
直到我失业了，我才意识到我应该提高我的工作技能。
(2)“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。
·Only
when
you
can
find
peace
in
your
heart
will
you
keep
good
relationships
with
others.
只有当你能找到内心的平静，你才能和别人保持良好的关系。
(3)so/such
...
that
...结构中的so、such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。
·Such
great
progress
did
he
make
that
he
was
praised.
他取得了如此大的进步，以至于受到了表扬。
(4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。
·I
saw
the
film
The
Great
Wall
last
week,
so
did
she.
我上周看了电影《长城》，她也看了。
2．完全倒装
here、there、now、then、out、in、up、down、away、on
the
wall、in
the
room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且句子主语为名词时，句子用全部倒装。
·The
Public
Square
is
an
eye－catching
sight
of
the
city.
There
stand
many
stone
sculptures
of
famous
historical
figures.
大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那里。
(单句填空)
6．Between
rows
of
trees
________
(stand)
a
new
building,
which
is
supposed
to
be
our
new
library.
答案与解析 stands 句意：几排树之间耸立着一座新建筑，应该是我们的新图书馆。表示地点的介词短语位于句首，且句子主语为名词时，句子用完全倒装语序，本句为一般性的描述，用一般现在时，主语a
new
building为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，故填stands。
7．Not
until
then
________
(do)
I
know
my
senior
high
school
life
had
really
begun.
答案与解析 did not
until位于句首时，主句部分要用部分倒装语序，由时间状语until
then可知，主句应用一般过去时，故填did。
【
技巧】
▲核心技法回顾
利用特殊句式用法规则解题：
(1)祈使句的谓语动词一律用动词原形。
(2)there
be句型表“有”，there不能与have(有)连用。
(3)强调句型中，要用that做连接词，不能用which或其他词，且不能省略。
(4)利用句中的时态、时间状语或语境确定助动词/情态动词/系动词的正确使用。
▲语法填空解题技法练习
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China's
approach
to
protecting
its
environment
while
________
(feed)
its
citizens
offers
useful
lessons
for
agriculture
and
food
policymakers
worldwide.
答案与解析 feeding 考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定者提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China
is。根据省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中，如从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词时，可把从句中主语和be动词一起省略，故填feeding。
2．(全国卷Ⅱ)It
could
be
anything—gardening,
cooking,
music,
sports
but
whatever
it
is,
________
(make)
sure
it's
a
relief
from
daily
stress
rather
than
another
thing
to
worry
about.
答案与解析 make 句意：它可以是园艺、烹饪、听音乐、做运动等任何事情，但无论是什么，务必保证它是让你释放日常压力的，而不是让你担忧的事。分析句子结构可知，并列连词but连接两个句子。第二个句子中whatever引导让步状语从句，其后应该是主句。祈使句可以充当主句，故该空填动词原形做谓语。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The
instructor
kept
repeating
the
words,
“Speed
up！”
“Slow
down！”
“________
(turn)
left！”
答案与解析 Turn 句意：教练一直重复说着，“加速！”“减速！”“左转弯！”此处与“Speed
up！”“Slow
down！”并列，表示命令，用祈使句，所以应用动词原形开头。故填Turn。
4．I
didn't
press
the
close
button
she
steadied
herself
in
the
lift.
答案与解析 until 句意：直到她在电梯中站稳，我才按下关门按钮。分析句意和句子结构可知该处是not
...
until
...
句型，表“直才……”。
5．Some
people
traveled
to
learn,
________
some
traveled
to
fight.
答案与解析 while/but 句意：有人出门学习，而有人出门去奋斗。设空前后两个并列句表对比或转折，应填while/but。
6．________
(think)
about
what
your
winter
might
look
like.
答案与解析 Think 分析句子结构可知，该句是祈使句，故填动词原形。
7．But
it
was
in
France
________
ballet
developed
into
the
form
we
know
today.
答案与解析 that 此处考查强调句：“It
was＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他部分”。此处强调地点状语in
France，故填that。
8．Results
showed
that
when
________
(show)
famous
faces,
the
testees
drew
a
blank
with
them.
答案与解析 shown 分析句子结构可知，when引导状语从句，空处为the
testees
were
shown的省略形式，故填shown。show(显示，展示)—showed—showed/shown。
9．My
brother
felt
embarrassed
that
he
hadn't
shared
the
ice
cream
with
his
friend,
________
he
gave
the
ice
cream
to
the
dog.
答案与解析 so/and My
brother
felt
embarrassed
that
he
hadn't
shared
the
ice
cream
...和he
gave
the
ice
cream
to
the
dog都是完整的句子，两个句子之间缺少连词，根据语境可知，弟弟因为没有与他的朋友分享冰激凌而感到尴尬，所以/然后他把那个冰激凌给了朋友的狗。此处前后分句之间为因果或顺承关系，故填so/and。
10．________
attractive
and
inviting
Hangzhou
is!
答案与解析 How 在感叹句中，what一般修饰名词，how一般修饰形容词或副词，attractive和inviting是形容词，应用how修饰，故填How。
Ⅱ.易错练习
1．However,
increasing
air
travel
brought
the
demand
for
twin?engine
planes
that
can
fly
non?stop
to
________
people
want
to
travel.
答案与解析 where/wherever 句意：然而不断增长的航空旅行带动了双引擎客机的发展，这种客机能径直将人送到他们想去的(任何)地方。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处应用where/wherever“在哪里/无论在哪里”引导宾语从句，做介词to的宾语。
2．In
mid?September,
________
their
seedless
white
grapes
ripen,
local
farmers
are
busy
picking
grapes
to
be
transported
to
other
parts
of
the
country.
答案与解析 when/while/as 句意：9月中旬，当无籽白葡萄成熟时，当地农民正忙着来摘葡萄以运往全国各地。根据句意可知，空处引导时间状语从句，故填when/while/as表“当……时候”。
3．Not
until
I
was
55
years
old
________
I
think
about
all
this.
答案与解析 did 本句是由not
until引导的倒装句，同时本句用的是一般过去时，故填did。
4．________
red
was
her
coat
that
it
stood
out
against
the
snow.
答案与解析 So 该句是so
...
that
...
“如此……以”句式的倒装句，强调So
red。
III.语篇提能
One
place
that
has
left
a
lasting
(impress)
on
me
is
the
island
of
Lesvos
in
Greece.
I
went
there
for
holiday
with
some
of
my
friends.
We
felt
that
we
deserved
a
bit
of
sun
and
a
chance
(relax)
after
having
studied
so
hard.
Strangely
enough,
even
though
I
went
there
for
a
well?earned
rest.
I
(actual)
worked
harder
than
I
had
ever
done
before.
Instead
of
spending
my
days
on
the
beach
sunbathing
and
swimming
in
the
sea,
I
ended
up
(help)
the
locals
deal
with
the
endless
arrival
of
refugees
(难民),
many
of
were
struggling
to
get
to
the
beach
after
their
boats
had
turned
over.
Anyway,
this
holiday
turned
out
to
be
one
of
the
most
(forget)
of
my
life,
but
for
all
the
wrong
reasons.
Often,
when
I'm
alone
these
days,
I
(disturb)
by
the
memories
of
the
faces
of
parents
who
couldn't
find
their
children,
and
the
sound
of
people
screaming
help.
the
people
of
Lesvos
did
to
help
these
people,
opening
their
homes
to
them
and
sharing
the
few
possessions
they
themselves
owned,
was
absolutely
amazing.
I
was
completely
touched
by
the
generosity
of
the
people
of
Lesvos.
答案与解析
1．impression 考查词形转换。设空处做left的宾语，应用名词。由空前不定冠词可知，此处用名词的单数形式。填impression。
2．a 考查冠词。go
for
a
holiday为固定结构，表示“去度假”。故填a。
3．to
relax 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们觉得在如此努力学习之后，我们应该有机会晒晒太阳，放松一下。chance
to
do
sth.为固定结构，表“做某事的机会”。故填to
relax。
4．actually 考查词形转换。设空处做状语，修饰动词worked,
应用副词，填actually。
5．helping 考查非谓语动词。句意：我没有在海滩上晒日光浴，也没有在海里游泳，而是帮助当地人应对源源不断的难民，他们中的许多人在船翻后挣扎着去海滩。end
up
doing
sth.为固定结构，意为“最终做某事”。故填helping。
6．whom 考查定语从句。
“many
of＋________”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词
refugees，指人，先行词refugees在从句中做of的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。
7．unforgettable 考查词形转换。分析可知，the
most后应为形容词最高级形式，所给词forget做动词，意为“忘记”，其形容词为forgettable
(易被忘记的)和unforgettable
(难忘的)，结合句意和语境可知，设空处应填形容词unforgettable。
8．am
disturbed 考查动词的时态和语态。由
“Often,
when
I'm
alone
these
days”可知，此处用一般现在时；又因I与disturb是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填am
disturbed。
9．for 考查介词。分析句意可知，设空处应为介词。scream
for
help表“大声喊救命”，符合句意。故填for。
10．What 考查名词性从句。分析可知，“__10__
the
people
of
Lesvos
did
to
help
these
people”为主语从句，设空处做主语从句中的宾语，又表物，应用what引导。故填What。
【
能力】
一、单项选择
1.
Not
until
midnight
when____________
all
done____________
to
bed
exhausted.
A.
was
the
work;
did
she
go
B.
the
work
was;
did
she
go
C.
was
the
work;
that
she
went
D.
the
work
was;
that
she
went
【答案】B
【解析】考查倒装和时态。句意：直到午夜，一切工作都做完了，她才筋疲力尽地上床睡觉。Not
until位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构。其结构为：Not
until+从句/表时间的词+助动词+(主句)主语+谓语+…。句中midnight
为表时间的词，后接由关系副词when引导的定语从句，从句部分不倒装。根据句中时间状语midnight可知，用一般过去时，所以主句部分用助动词did构成部分倒装。故选B。
2.
It
is
not
____________
doing
the
things
we
like,
but
liking
the
things
we
have
to
do
_____
makes
life
worth
it.
A.
by;
that
B.
only;
which
C.
/;
that
D.
until;
which
【答案】C
【解析】考查强调句。句意：不是做我们喜欢的事情，而是喜欢我们必须要做的事情，让生活变得有价值。强调句型：It
is/
was
+
被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+
that/
who(当强调主语且主语指人)+
其他部分。本题强调主语not
doing
the
things
we
like,
but
liking
the
things
we
have
to
do。故选C。
3.
—____________
that
he
didn’t
dare
to
move
an
inch.
—So____________,
and
so
____________
you,
were
you
in
the
dark.
A.
So
frightened
was
he;
was
he;
would
B.
He
was
so
frightened;
he
was;
were
C.
So
frightened
was
he;
he
was;
would
D.
So
frightened
he
was;
was
he;
were
【答案】C
【解析】考查部分倒装和固定句型。句意：——他吓得一步也不敢动。——他是这样，如果你在黑暗中，你也会这样。第一空，在so…
that…句式中，如果so位于句首，主句中的主语和谓语需部分倒装，即将助动词/情态动词/be动词提到主语之前，其他语序不变，故排除B、D选项；第二空，句型“so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词”表示同意上文或对方刚说的话，意为“确实就是……”；第三空为句型“so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”，表示前面所陈述的情况也适用于另外一人，意为“……也一样”。故选C。
4.
The
research
team
are
still
working
hard
to
figure
out
________.
A.
it
was
what
that
caused
the
disease
B.
what
it
was
that
caused
the
disease
C.
what
was
it
that
caused
the
disease
D.
that
it
was
what
caused
the
disease
【答案】A
【解析】考查宾语从句从句语序和强调句。句意：研究小组仍在努力找出导致这种疾病的原因。根据figure
out可知，此处是一个宾语从句，语序是陈述语气（主语+谓语+宾语），即what
caused
the
disease；强调句的基本结构是It
is
(was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who
(that)...，此处被强调部分是what。故选A项。
5.
It
was
from
the
few
supplies
________
she
had
bought
from
in
the
village
________
the
hostess
cooked
such
a
nice
dinner.
A.
that;
where
B.
which;
that
C.
that;
that
D.
that;
which
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：这个家庭主妇仅从村庄里买来的很简单的常用品就做出如此美味的一餐。第一个空处是一个定语从句，先行词是supplies，且前有the
few修饰，在从句中作宾语，只能用关系代词that引导；第二个空处是强调句，强调句型的基本结构：it
is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其它成分。本题的被强调部分是from
only
a
few
supplies
that
she
had
bought
from
in
the
village，因此用that。故选C项。
6.
The
climate
here
is
quite
pleasant,
the
temperature
rarely,
________,
reaching
30℃
in
summer.
A.
if
anything
B.
if
ever
C.
if
any
D.
if
so
【答案】B
【解析】考查省略。句意：这里的气候相当宜人，夏天的温度极少达到30摄氏度。A.
if
anything如果有什么的话；B.
if
ever如果有过的话；C.
if
any即便要；D.
if
so要是这样。此处为条件状语从句的省略，且if
ever与rarely连用，表示“极少”。故选B。
7.
—He’s
been
to
China.
—___________
I
A.
So
am
B.
Nor
have
C.
So
have
D.
Neither
do
【答案】C
【解析】考查倒装句。句意：——他去过中国。——我也去过。当主句表示肯定时，表示“另一主语也是”的倒装句式为“So+助动词/情态动词/be+主语”。主句中He's
been…为He
has
been…的缩写，为现在完成时，答句主语为I，对应的助动词是have。故选C项。
8.
Though
very
tired,
the
manager
kept
on
working
in
the
office.
A.
feeling
B.
feel
C.
have
felt
D.
felt
【答案】A
【解析】考查省略句。句意：经理虽然感到很累，但仍在办公室里继续工作。在Though引导的让步状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，本句的完整形式为：Though
he
was
feeling
very
tired，相当于省略了he
was
。故选A。
9.
Of
all
the
traditional
festivals,
it
is
the
harvest
festival
can
be
found
in
almost
every
culture.
A.
that
B.
who
C.
which
D.
where
【答案】A
【解析】考查强调句。句意：在所有的传统节日中，几乎每一种文化中都有丰收节。分析句子结构可知，去掉it
is和空处，剩下的部分可以构成完整的句子，故此处为强调句“it
is
/
was
+被强调部分+that+其他”，被强调部分为人时，可用who替换that，此处被强调部分为the
harvest
festival，应用that。故选A。
10.
Only
if
humans
the
space
exploration
technology
a
new
journey
for
universe
exploration.
A.
had
updated;
they
started
B.
have
updated;
will
they
start
C.
had
updated;
did
they
start
D.
have
updated;
they
will
start
【答案】B
【解析】考查倒装和时态。句意：人类只有更新了太空探索技术，才会开启新的宇宙探索之旅。“only
+
if条件状语从句”置于句首时，句子主句应该用倒装结构；在if引导的条件从句中，从句用现在时，主句用一般将来时；句子是叙述将来的情况，if从句应用现在完成时have
updated，主句用一般将来时they
will
start，将助动词will提前构成倒装结构will
they
start。故选B。
11.
There
____neither
gas
nor
electricity
at
home,
we
had
to
go
to
the
nearest
restaurant
to
have
lunch.
A.
had
been
B.
was
C.
being
D.
has
been
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为家里既没有煤气也没有电，我们不得不到最近的餐馆去吃午饭。句中已有谓语动词had
to
go
to
，且句中无连词，因此此处用there
be的非谓语形式there
being作原因状语，故选C项。
12.
It
was
with
great
courage_______
the
boy
told
the
truth________
he
had
stolen
the
money.
A.
which;
that
B.
when;
what
C.
as;
that
D.
that;
that
【答案】D
【解析】考查强调句和同位语从句。句意：这个小男孩带着很大的勇气说出了他偷了钱的事实。第一空，去掉it
was和该空，句子结构完整，语义清晰，所以该句为强调句，强调句的基本结构是：it
is
/
was
+
被强调部分
+
that
+
句子的其他成分；第二空the
truth
后是一个同位语从句，作truth的同位语，对truth进行解释说明，从句中不缺少成分，连接词用that，故选D项。
13.
Cooking
up
a
quick
dish
doesn’t
always
mean
sacrifice
of
flavour.
have
to
be
junk
food.
A.
Nor
fast
food
does
B.
Nor
does
fast
food
C.
So
does
fast
food
D.
So
fast
food
does
【答案】B
【解析】考查倒装句。句意：做一道速食菜并不总是意味着牺牲味道。快餐也不一定是垃圾食品。根据句意可知，空格前句子为否定句，空格前句子所说的否定情况也适合空格后面的句子，涉及句型“Nor/Neither
+
be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”，意为“……也不”，该句型为部分倒装，要把助动词does放在主语之前。故选B项。
14.
It
is
for
this
reason
________
Spanish
is
the
main
official
language
of
Peru.
A.
why
B.
that
C.
which
D.
for
which
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句。句意：就是因为这个原因，西班牙语成为秘鲁的主要官方语言。分析句子结构,可知去掉It
is与空处，余下部分可以构成完整句子，可推知此处为强调句结构“It
is/was+被强调部分+that+句子的其他成分”,当被强调的部分是人时，可以用who代替that，此处被强调部分为
for
this
reason。故选B。
15.
At
the
meeting
place
of
the
Yangtze
River
and
Jialng
River
________,
one
of
the
ten
largest
cities
in
China.
A.
lies
Chongqing
B.
Chongqing
lies
C.
does
lie
Chongqing
D.
does
Chongqing
lie
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒装句。句意：重庆，中国十大城市之一，位于长江嘉陵江交汇之处。表示方位的地点状语提前，句子要完全倒装，At
the
meeting
place
of
the
Yangtze
River
and
Jialng
River是表示方位的介词短语，lie是谓语动词，置于主语前，无需加助动词。故选A。
16.
____
is
only
when
we
lose
something
_____we
become
fully
aware
of
how
much
we
value
it.
A.
It...that
B.
There...which
C.
It...so
D.
There...that
【答案】A
【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当我们失去一些东西时，我们才会充分意识到我们有多么珍惜它。分析句子可知，去掉is和空处，句子意思和结构仍然完整，故此句为强调句，强调句结构为“It+is/was+被强调部分+that+句子的其他成分”，如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who代替that，此句中被强调部分为时间状语only
when
we
lose
something，因此用It...that
。故选A项。
17.
It
is
in
the
very
hospital
_____
she
was
born
17
years
ago
____
she
is
lying
now
due
to
drug
abuse.
A.
that...where
B.
that...that
C.
where...that
D.
where...where
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：正是在她17年前出生的医院里，她现在因为吸毒而躺在那里。第一空考查定语从句，先行词为hospital，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where；第二空考查强调句。强调句结构为It
is/was
+强调部分
+
that从句，句中强调地点状语in
the
very
hospital
。故选C。
18.
--I
will
never
forget
the
day
______
I
came
to
the
new
campus
for
the
first
time.
---
______.
On
setting
foot
on
the
campus,
I
was
impressed
______
the
beauty
of
it.
A.
which;
So
will
I;
by
B.
that;
Neither
I
will;
with
C.
when;
Neither
will
I;
by
D.
when;
Neither
will
I;
on
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句、固定句式和倒装句。句意：——我永远不会忘记我第一次来到新校园的那一天。——我也不会。一踏上校园，我就被它的美丽所打动。第一个设空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，先行词为day，故答案为when；neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，表示一种情况同样不适用于另一个人，故第二个设空处答案为neither
will
I；be
impressed
by...对......印象深刻，故第三个设空处的答案为by。故选C项。
19.
---
Here
______.
Where
is
Jane?
I
can’t
find
her.
---There
______.
A.
comes
the
bus;
she
is
B.
comes
the
bus;
is
she
C.
the
bus
comes;
she
is
D.
the
bus
comes;
is
she
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒装句。句意：——车来了。Jane在哪儿？我找不到她。——她在那儿。句子以here或there开始，谓语动词是come或go等，句子用全倒装句型，如果主语为人称代词，则不用倒装。故选A项。
20.
In
classes,
you'd
better
understand
as
much
as
possible
while
_______notes.
A.
take
B.
taken
C.
taking
D.
to
take
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在课堂上，当我们做笔记的时候，你最好理解尽可能多的东西。while引导的时间状语从句中主句与从句主语一致时，故用省略形式while
doing
sth.根据take与you逻辑上构成主谓关系，现在分词表主动。故选C。
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
21.
It
is
I
who______(be)
to
blame
for
the
accident.
【答案】am
【解析】考查强调句型。句意：我该为这次事故负责。根据It
is可知，应用一般现在时；be
to
blame
(for
sth.)意为“（对某事）负有责任”，主语是I，因此系动词使用am，且It
is
(was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who
(that)...是固定句型。故填am。
22.
It
was
not
until
I
came
here______I
realized
this
place
was
famous
for
not
only
its
beauty
but
also
its
weather.
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句。句意：直到我来到这里，我才意识到这个地方出名，不仅是因为它的美丽，还因为它的天气。分析可知，句中去掉It
was和设空处，依然是完整的句子，由此可知此处为not
until的强调句，句型为It
is/was
not
until...that...“直到......才......”。故填that。
23.
John’s
success
has
nothing
to
do
with
good
luck.
It
is
years
of
hard
work______has
made
him
what
he
is
today.
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句型。句意：约翰的成功与好运无关。多年的努力工作成就了他的今天。分析句子结构可知，去掉it
is和空格后，剩下的部分构成完整的一句话，所以此句是强调句型,其结构为“It
is+被强调部分+that+其他”，强调部分是主语years
of
hard
work，所以空格处用that。故填that。
24.
______is
imagination
that
makes
the
world
colourful.
【答案】It
【解析】考查强调句。句意：是想象力使世界丰富多彩。去掉空处、is和that，剩下的部分可以构成完整的句子，可知此处为强调句结构“it
be
+被强调部分+that+其他”。句首单词首字母要大写。故填It。
25.
I
would
rather______(starve)
than______(beg)
in
the
street.
=1
prefer______(starve)
rather
than______(beg)
in
the
street.
【答案】starve
beg
to
starve
beg
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我宁愿饿着也不愿意街上乞讨。根据固定搭配would
rather
do
than
do=prefer
to
do
rather
than
do“宁愿做……而不愿做……”，可知①②④用动词原形，③用动词不定式，故①starve；②beg；③to
starve；④beg。
26.
Rather
than______(stay)
here,
I
prefer
to
leave.
【答案】stay
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我宁愿离开也不愿呆在这里。此处为prefer
to
do...rather
than
do...的变式，表示“宁愿做……而不愿做……”，故填stay。
27.
While________(give)
concerts,
the
master
musician
composes
music
and
recites
poetry.
【答案】giving
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：在音乐会上，这位音乐家大师作曲和朗诵诗歌。在while引导的时间状语从句中，从句完整表达是“while
the
master
musician
is
giving
concerts”，从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be的某种形式，可以把从句中的主语和be省略，本句相当于省略了the
master
musician
is，故填giving。
28.
It
was
with
the
help
of
the
local
villagers
________
the
police
found
the
missing
children.
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句。句意：正是在当地村民的帮助下，警察找到了失踪的孩子。分析句子可知，去掉句中“It
was”和空处的单词，句子意思依然完整，因此，该句为强调句。强调句的基本句型为“It
is/was
+
被强调部分
+
that+
句子的其他成分”，如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who代替that，该句中被强调部分为“with
the
help
of
the
local
villagers”，因此用that。故填that。
29.
It
was
his
warning
________
prevented
us
from
being
attacked
by
the
bad
men.
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句。句意：正是他的警告阻止了我们受到坏人的攻击。分析句子可知，去掉句中的“It
was”和空处的单词，句意仍然完整，所以句子为强调句，强调句结构为“It
is/was…that/who…”，该句被强调部分为主语his
warning，所以用that引导。故填that。
30.
It
is
Mrs.
Brown
________
has
a
preference
for
the
color
of
green.
【答案】that/who
【解析】考查强调句型。句意：喜欢绿色的是布朗太太。分析句子结构可知，去掉题干中的It
is和空格，本句句子成分完整，由此判断，此处是It
is构成的强调句型，其结构为：It
is/was+被强调部分+that/who(被强调部分是人)+其它”，本句被强调部分是Mrs.
Brown?，指人，所以空处需用that/who引导强调句型。故填that/who。
31.
When
_______(face)
with
difficulties,
you
may
find
it
hard
to
overcome
them,
but
you
can
succeed
so
long
as
you
don’t
give
up.
【答案】faced
【解析】考查省略句。句意：当面对困难时，你可能会发现很难克服它们，但只要你不放弃，你就能成功。在when引导的时间状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，本从句的完整形式为：when
you
are
faced
with
difficulties，相当于省略了you
are，故填faced。
32.
The
project
is
so
designed
that
once
_______
(begin)
nothing
can
be
done
to
change
it.
【答案】begun
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个项目设计得很好，一旦开始，任何事都不能改变它。once引导句子it
is
begun，省掉主语和be动词，所以填begun。
33.
________call
Nike
when
you
arrive.
Just
come
up
to
my
house.
I’ll
be
at
home
all
day.(there)
【答案】There
will
be
no
need
to
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：当你到达时，没有必要打电话给Nike
。来我家吧。我整天都在家。结合句意表示“没有必要做某事”可知句型为There
be
no
need
to
do
sth.，且描述将来的事情，应用一般将来时。故填There
will
be
no
need
to。
34.
Among
them_______
(be)
special
windows
that
are
resistant
to
dirt
and
water.
【答案】are
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：其中有一种特殊的窗户，可以防止灰尘和水进入。本句考查“介词短语
+
主谓倒装
”结构。主语为
special
windows，所以谓语动词用复数are。故填are。
35.
It
was
not
until
1938_________the
first
color
TV
programme
was
broadcast.
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句型。句意：直到1938年第一个彩色电视节目才被播出。分析句子可知，即使不填写单词，句子意思仍然完整，所以判断为强调句型。被强调部分为时间状语“not
until
1938”，强调句结构为“It
is
(was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+that(who)...”。故填that。
36.
If_________
(consume)
in
large
quantities
without
limit,
clean
drinking
water
will
face
the
danger
of
running
out.
【答案】consumed
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：如果大量无限制地饮用，干净的饮用水将面临耗尽的危险。本句是if引导的条件状语从句，当从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，且从句有be或包含be的某种形式，此时从句的主语和be动词通常可以一同省略。本句主从句主语都是clean
drinking
water，所以省略了主语和be，clean
drinking
water和consume之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式，故填consumed。
37.
Try
________
he
may,
he
is
not
able
to
persuade
his
father
to
give
up
smoking
【答案】as
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：尽管他尽力了，但他还是不能说服他的父亲戒烟。此处表示“尽管”，且为部分倒装，应用as引导让步状语从句，as引导让步状语从句时置于句首时，采用形式倒装，即把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。故填as。
38.
Hot________the
night
air
was,
we
slept
deeply
because
we
were
so
tired
after
a
hard
day's
work.
【答案】as/though
【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管夜间空气很热，但我们睡得很沉，因为我们辛苦工作了一天，累得要命。此处意为“尽管”，是由as/though引导的让步状语从句的倒装形式，即“表语+
as/though
+主语+系动词”结构。故填as/though。
39.
It
was
in
front
of
the
Palace
Museum______________
a
lot
of
people
were
waiting
to
buy
the
tickets.
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句型。句意：在故宫博物院的前面，有许多人等待买票。分析句子可知，
in
front
of
the
Palace
Museum
a
lot
of
people
were
waiting
to
buy
the
tickets是完整的句子，故考查强调句型，其构成形式为：It
is/was+被强调部分+that+其它成分。故填that。
.
40.
______
was
my
teacher’s
praise
that
contributes
to
my
success.
【答案】It
【解析】考查强调句型。句意：是我的老师的表扬促成了我的成功。分析句子可知，“my
teacher’s
praise
contributes
to
my
success”是完整的句子，句子是强调句型，其构成形式是It
was+被强调成分+that+其它成分。故填It。
三、语法填空
1
While
driving
alone
through
the
countryside,
Linda
saw
an
old
woman
by
the
side
of
the
road,
reaching
out
her
hand.
41.
was
getting
dark
and
raining.
“I
can
t
leave
her
out
in
this
weather,”
Linda
said
to
herself,
so
she
stopped
the
car.
“
Shall
I
offer
you
42.
lift?”
Linda
asked.
The
old
woman
nodded
and
climbed
into
the
car.
After
a
while
Linda
asked,
“Have
you
waited
for
long?”
The
old
woman
shook
her
head.
43.
(strange)enough,
the
old
woman
didn’t
say
a
single
word
all
the
way.
Her
only
44.
(respond)
was
always
a
nod
of
the
head
or
something
else
like
that.
Then
Linda
saw
the
lady’s
hands,
45.
were
very
large
and
covered
with
thick
hair.
She
realized
46.
the
lady
was
a
man!
After
47.
(stop)
the
car,
Linda
said,
“can’t
see
that
mirror.
Would
you
mind
cleaning
it
48.
me?”
The
lady
nodded
and
opened
the
door.
As
soon
as
the
“lady”
was
out
of
the
car,
Linda
drove
off
quickly.
When
Linda
arrived
home,
she
found
that
the
old
lady
49.
(leave)
a
handbag
on
the
backseat.
She
opened
it
and
let
out
a
deep
breath.
Inside
it
50.
two
sharp
knives.
【答案】
41.
It
42.
a
43.
Strangely
44.
response
45.
which
46.
that
47.
stopping
48.
for
49.
had
left
50.
were
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是Linda开车穿过乡下，让一位老妇人打车，发现老妇人是伪装的劫匪后机智甩开的故事。
41.
考查代词。设空处指代时间和天气，故填It。
42.
考查冠词。offer
sb.
a
lift意为“让某人搭便车”。故答案为a。
43.
考查副词。设空处在句
中作状修饰整个句子，需用
strange的副词形式。故答案为strangely。
44.
考查名词。设空处由形容词性物主代词修饰在句
中作主语，需用respond的名词形式。故答案为response。
45.
考查关系词。设空处引导
非限制性定语从句修饰the
lady's
hands
,且在从句中作主语，故填
which。
46.
考查连接词。句意：她意识到这位女士是个男人!设空处引导宾语从句且从句意义及成分均完整，
故填引导词that。
47.
考查动词-ing形式作宾
语的用法。Linda与stop之间是逻
辑上的主谓关系，且设空处作After
的宾语，故填动名词stopping。
48.
考查介词。句意：你介意帮我擦一下吗?设空处意为“为”，
故填for。
49.
考查过去完成时。leave
表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作
found之前，是“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。故答案为had
left。
50.
考查倒装与主谓一致。句意：里面有两把锋利的刀。Inside在句首这
是一个完全倒装句，主语是后面的two
sharp
knives
,谓语动词要用复数形式。故答案为were。
2
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式
We’ve
all
turned
to
sad
music
to
make
us
feel
51.
(good)at
some
point
in
our
lives,
but
why
does
doubling
down
on
the
sadness
help
drag
us
out
of
the
mire(泥沼
)？
A
new
study
sheds
light
on
what’s
going
on
inside
our
brains
52.
we
match
our
music
to
our
feelings.
It
looks
like
sad
music
can
be
enjoyable
-rather
than
53.
(simple)
depressing-
because
it
triggers
positive
memories
that
can
help
to
lift
our
mood.
Psychologist
Adrian
North
from
Curtin
University
in
Australia
says
there
54.
(be)two
groups
of
possible55.
(explain)for
why
we
enjoy
listening
to
sad
music
like
this:
one
from
social
psychology,
and
one
from
cognitive
neuroscience(认知神经学).
In
terms
of
social
psychology,
one
way
of
56.
(think)
about
this
is
that
we
feel
much
better
about
57.
(we)
if
we
focus
on
someone
who’s
doing
even
worse,
a
process
known
as
downward
social
comparison.
Everything’s
going
to
be
okay,
because
this
person
58.
(have)
an
even
worse
day
than
you
are.
Another
theory
from
social
psychology
is
that
people
like
to
listen
59.
music
that
mirrors
the
tone
of
their
current
life
circumstances
-the
songs
act
as
60.
sort
of
tuning
fork(音叉)
for
our
own
situations
and
they
resonate(共鸣)
with
us.
【答案】
51.
better
52.
when/as
53.
simply
54.
are
55.
explanations
56.
thinking
57.
ourselves
58.
is
having/has
59.
to
60.
a
【解析】这是一篇说明文。我们都曾在生命中的某些时刻通过听悲伤的歌来让自己好受一些，但是为什么更多的悲伤反而会让我们走出低谷呢？社会心理学有的派别认为是通过下行社会比较让我们感觉好一些，有的派别认为是那些悲伤的音乐让我们产生心理共鸣，所以感觉会好一些。
51.
考查形容词比较级。句意：我们都曾在生命中的某些时刻通过听悲伤的歌来让自己好受一些。空格处单词位于系动词feel后，应用形容词形式。根据句意“让我们感受更好受一些”，应使用形容词比较级形式。且空格处单词与第三段中的“feel
much
better”呼应，故填better。
52.
考查时间状语从句中的连词。句意：一项新的研究阐明了当我们将所听的音乐与心中感受配对的时候我们大脑里到底发生了什么。根据句意，这是一个时间状语从句。由于空格后句子使用的是一般现在时，所以空格处连词可以填when/as。
53.
考查副词。句意：其结果显示：悲伤的音乐也能带来愉悦而不是简单地令人低落。空格处单词修饰形容词depressing，应用副词形式。故填simply。
54.
考查主谓一致。句意：关于我们为什么喜欢听悲伤的音乐有两派可能的解释。这里使用的是there
be句型，be动词与其后主语保持一致。句中“two
groups
of”为复数意义，故be动词填are。
55.
考查名词的复数形式。句意同上。空格处单词位于形容词后介词前，应用名词形式。“explain（解释）”的名词形式为explanation，且为可数名词。这句话后列出了来自社会心理学与来自认知神经科学的两派解释，所以空格处名词用复数形式。故填explanations。
56.
考查动名词。句意：从社会心理学这一派来讲，有一种思路是：当我们把注意力集中在一个比我们过得还惨的人身上时，我们会觉得好受些。空格位于介词of后，且think
about是动词词组，所以空格处填动名词形式。故填thinking。
57.
考查反身代词。句意同上。由于表语从句的从句部分主语we与about后的宾语指代的是同一类人，所以介词后宾语使用反身代词。we的反身代词为ourselves，故填ourselves。
58.
考查时态语态与主谓一致。句意：一切都会好起来的，因为这个人比你过得更惨。这是原因状语从句，前半句使用的是一般现在时，所以从句部分也使用一般时态。根据句意，从句部分使用一般现在时或现在进行时都可以，主语this
person是第三人称单数，故填is
having/has。
59.
考查介词。句意：另一个假说是人们喜欢听那些能反映自己现在生活境况基调的音乐，这些歌对于我们的境况来讲起到了类似音叉的作用，它们与我们产生了共鸣。“listen”是不及物动词，后边加名词时需要加介词to，故填to。
60.
考查冠词。句意同上。空格位于单数名词sort前，空格前为介词，所以空格处需要填冠词。“a
sort
of”意为“一种”，为固定搭配。故填a。
