Unit1 What‘s the matter？同步导学精炼（知识点和语法汇总）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
八下Unit1
What’s
the
matter？
一、重点短语和表达
Section
A
What’s
the
matter?
怎么了?
（1）"What's
the
matter?"表示"怎么了/出什么事了?"，常用来询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了什么麻烦，其后可由介词
with
引出具体询问的对象。
例：What's
the
matter
with
you?你怎么了?
【拓展】"What's
the
matter
with
sb.?"的同义句型
①What's
wrong
with
sb.?
②What's
the
trouble
with
sb.?
③What's
one's
trouble?
例：What's
the
matter
with
Tom?
=What's
wrong
with
Tom?
=What's
the
trouble
with
Tom?=What's
Tom's
trouble?汤姆怎么了？
matter名词，意为"问题;事情"。
例：We
have
important
matters
to
discuss.我们有重要的问题要讨论。
【拓展】matter还可做动词，意为"要紧;关系重大"。常用句型：1
doesn't
matter."没关系。"，用来回答对方的道歉。
例：—Sorry,I'm
late.
I
got
stuck
in
a
traffic
jam.抱歉，我来晚了。路上堵车。
—It
doesn't
matter.
没关系。
I
have
a
cold.我感冒了。
have
a
cold表示"感冒"，相当于
catch/get
a
cold。
例：The
old
man
had/caught/got
a
cold
yesterday.那位老人昨天感冒了。
【辨析】have
a
cold
与
catch/get
a
cold
have
a
cold
表示状态，可与一段时间连用，不用于进行时
catch/get
a
cold
表示瞬间动作，不能与一段时间连用
例：—How
long
have
youhad
a
cold?你感冒多长时间了?
—I
have
had
a
cold
for
six
days.我感冒六天了。
Put
on
more
clothes,or
you'll
catch/get
a
cold.多穿点衣服，要不然你会感冒的。
【拓展】have+a/an+病症名称
"have+a/an+病症名称"表示身体某部位患病或不舒服，如：
have
a
cough
咳嗽
have
a
fever
发烧
have
a
toothache
牙痛
have
a
headache
头痛
3.Ⅰ
have
a
sore
back.我背痛。
sore形容词，意为"疼痛的；酸痛的"，可做定语或表语。英语中，常用"have
a
sore+身体部位"结构来表示"……痛"。
例：My
arm
is
still
very
sore.
我的胳膊还是很痛。
Do
you
have
a
sore
throat?你的咽喉痛吗?
【辨析】sore
与
ache
sore
形容词，常置于表示身体部位的名词前，与其构成名词短语，如：sore
feet
脚疼
sore
leg
腿疼
ache
名词，常与表示身体部位的名词合成一个新的名词，表示"……痛"，如：headache
头痛
stomachache
胃痛；腹痛
例：Ⅰ
have
a
sore
eye.
我眼睛痛。
She
didn't
go
to
school
yesterday
because
she
had
a
headache.昨天她因为头痛没去上学。
4.foot
脚；足
foot可数名词，意为"脚；足"，其复数形式为feet。常用搭配：on
foot"步行"。
例：My
feet
hurt.
我脚疼。
I
often
go
to
school
on
foot.我经常步行去上学。
【拓展】foot的其他含义
(1)表示"英尺"
This
fish
is
one
foot
long.这条鱼一英尺长。
(2)表示"底部；基础"
At
the
foot
of
the
mountain
we
got
on
a
bus.在山脚下，我们坐上了一辆公共汽车。
She
talked
too
much
yesterday
and
didn’t
drink
enough
water.她昨天讲话太多而且没有喝足够的水。
too
much表示"…
…得太多"，在此处做状语，修饰动词
talk，表示程度。
例：It's
bad
for
your
eyes
to
watch
TV
too
much.看太多的电视对你的眼晴有害。
【辨析】too
much，too
many
与
much
too
too
much
副词词组，表示"…
…得太多"，修饰动词
形容词词组，表示"太多"，修饰不可数名词
too
many
形容词词组，表示"太多"，修饰可数名词复数
much
too
副词词组，表示"太"，修饰形容词或副词
例：There
is
too
much
noise
in
the
market.市场里有太多噪音。
Too
many
people
came
to
visit
him
every
day.每天都有太多人来拜访他。
The
coat
is
much
too
dear.I
can'
afford
it.这件外套太贵了，我买不起。
（2）enough形容词，意为"足够的"。修饰名词时，常放在名词的前面，有时也可放在名词的后面。
例：Don't
worry!
You
have
enough
time(time
enough)to
finish
it.别担心!
你有充足的时间来完成它。
【拓展】enough也可做副词，意为"足够地；充分地"，修饰形容词或副词，放在所修饰词的后面。
例：You
should
be
careful
enough
when
you
cross
the
road.过马路时你应该足够小心。
The
athlete
runs
quickly
enough.这个运动员跑得足够快。
lie
down
and
rest
躺下休息
lie动词，意为"躺；平躺"，常用短语：lie
down"躺下"。
例：Kathy
lay
on
the
bed
and
read.凯西躺在床上看书。
【拓展】lie
的不同含义及词形变化
lie
词性
词义
现在分词
过去式
过去分词
动词
躺；平躺
lying
lay
lain
说谎
lying
lied
lied
名词
谎言
/
/
/
例子：He
is
lying
on
the
sofa
and
watching
TV.他正躺在沙发上看电视。
His
mother
was
angry
because
he
lied
to
her
again.他妈妈生气了，因为他又对她撒谎了。
（2）rest此处用作动词，意为"放松；休息";也可用作名词，常用短语：
have
a
rest/take
a
rest"休息"。
例：Rest
yourself
after
a
day's
hard
work.一天辛勤的工作后你要休息。
You
must
have/take
a
rest
from
your
work.
你必须放下工作休息一下。
7.Should
I
take
my
temperature?我应该量一下体温吗?
take
one's
temperature表示"量体温"，使用时注意形容词性物主代词
one's
的变化。提问"温度是多少"用what。
例：Could
you
please
help
me
take
my
temperature?你能帮我量一下体温吗?
--What's
the
temperature
today?今天气温多少度?
--It's
21℃.
21摄氏度。
8.Yeah，I
think
I
sat
in
the
same
way
for
to
long
without
moving.
是的，我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐太久了。
in
the
same
way
表示"以同样的方式；用同样的方法"。
例：She
worked
out
the
math
problem
in
the
same
way.她用同样的方法解答了这道数学题。
without介词，意为"无，没有；不"，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式做宾语。without
本身表示否定意义，其反义词为
with。
例：You
can't
buy
things
without
money!
没钱你就买不了东西!
【拓展】without用于否定句，表示条件，意为"如果没有"，可与if引导的否定条件状语从句转换。
例：We
can't
finish
the
work
without
your
help.=We
can't
finish
the
work
if
you
don't
help
us.
如果没有你的帮助，我们就完不成这项工作。
9
...when
the
driver
saw
an
old
man
lying
on
the
side
of
the
road.
…
…这时,司机看到一位老人躺在路边。
see
sb.doing
sth.表示"看见某人正在做某事"。
例：I
saw
them
playing
socer
on
the
playground
when
I
passed
by.我经过时看到他们正在操场踢足球。
【辨析】see
sb.
doing
sth.与
see
sb.
do
sth
see
sb.
doing
sth
"看到某人正在做某事"，表示看到动作正在进行，强调此动作的进行性、连续性
see
sb.
do
sth.
"看到某人做了某事"，表示看到动作进行的整个过程，强调此动作已完成或经常做
例：I
saw
him
working
in
the
garden
at
this
time
yesterday.昨天这个时候我看见他正在花园里干活。
Ⅰ
saw
him
work
in
the
garden
yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
【拓展】有类似see这种用法的动词还有watch、notice、hear等。
The
bus
driver,24-year-old
Wang
Ping,stopped
the
bus
without
thinking
twice.
24岁的公交车司机王平没有多想便停下了车。
year-old意为"24岁的"，是由"数词+名词+形容词"构成的复合形容词，只能用于名词前做定语，其中的名词只能用单数形式。
例：My
four-year-old
sister
went
to
kindergarten
in
the
morning.我四岁的妹妹早晨去幼儿园了。
That
is
a
5-meter-long
bridge那是一座
5
米长的桥。
【注意】这种复合形容词只能做定语，不能做表语。做表语时用"数词+year（s）+
old"。
例：My
little
sister
is
5
years
old.我小妹妹5岁了。
He
got
off
and
asked
the
woman
what
happened.他下车问那位女士发生了什么事。
get
off表示"下车"，多指从公共汽车上下来，其后可接宾语，其反义短语为
get
on。
例：I
saw
Mr.Jackson
get
off
the
bus.我看见杰克逊先生下了公共汽车。
【辨析】get
off，get
on，get
into与get
out
of
get
off
表示"下（公共汽车、火车、飞机、马等）"
后面常跟较大的交通工具
get
on
表示"上（公共汽车、火车）；骑上（马等）"
get
into
表示"上（小汽车、出租车）；进入（电梯等）"
后面常跟较小的交通工具
get
out
of
表示"从（小汽车、出租车、电梯等）下来"
例：Jim
is
geting
on
the
bus,while
Tom
is
getting
off.吉姆正要上公交车，而汤姆正下车。
I
saw
Mary
get
out
of
a
taxi,and
then
a
man
got
into
it.
我看见玛丽从一辆出租车上下来，然后一个男人上了车。
He
expected
most
or
all
of
the
passengers
to
get
off
and
wait
for
the
next
bus.
他希望大部分或者所有的乘客下车等下一班车。
expect动词，意为"期待；盼望；预料"，其后可接名词、代词或动词不定式做宾语。常用结构如下：
expect
to
do
sth.
期望做某事
expect
sb.（not）to
do
sth.
期望某人（不要）做某事
expect+that从句
期望…
...
例：She
expects
to
go
there
next
wek.她期望下周去那里。
He
expected
her
to
go
to
school
with
him.他期望她同他一起去学校。
I
expect
that
he’ll
come
back
tomorrow.我期望他明天会回来。
But
to
his
surprise，they
all
agreed
to
go
with
him.但令他惊讶的是，他们都同意和他一起去。
to
one's
surprise表示"使…
…惊讶的是；出乎…
…的意料"。
例：To
my
surprise,he
refused
to
cooperate
with
us.让我惊讶的是，他拒绝与我们合作。
（2）agree动词，意为"同意"，常用搭配如下：
agree
to
do
sth.
同意做某事
agree
with
sb.同意某人（的观点）
agree
on
sth.
就某事取得一致意见
例：My
mother
agreed
to
buy
me
a
new
pen.
我妈妈答应给我买一支新钢笔。
Ⅰ
entirely
agree
with
you.
我完全同意你的看法。
We
agree
on
the
question.
我们在这个问题上意见一致。
Thanks
to
Mr.Wang
and
the
passngers,the
man
was
saved
by
the
doctors
in
time.
多亏了王先生和乘客们，医生及时挽救了老人的生命。
thanks
to
表示"由于；多亏"，在句中做状语，常位于句首。可与
because
of
或
with
the
help
of
进行转换。
例：Thanks
to
your
help,we
finished
the
task
on
time.多亏了你的帮助，我们才按时完成了任务。
【辨析】thanks
to
与
thanks
for
thanks
to
"多亏；由于"，介词
to后跟表示感谢的对象，可以是名词、代词或动词-ing
形式；无当面感谢之意
thanks
for
"因…
…而感谢"，介词
for后跟感谢的原因，可以是名词、代词
thanks
for或动词-ing
形式；当面感谢的客套用语
例：Thanks
to
you,I
am
not
lost.幸亏你我才没迷路。
Thanks
for
sending
me
such
a
nice
present.谢谢你寄给我这么好的一个礼物。
in
time
表示"及时；适时"。
例：I
got
there
just
in
time.我刚好及时赶到那里。
【辨析】in
time
与
on
time
in
time
"及时"，强调动作在规定时间内或提前发生；其后可接"for+名词"的介词短语，表示"正赶上某事''
on
time
"按时，准点"，强调按计划做某事，不早不晚
例：We
were
just
in
time
for
the
bus.我们正好赶上那班公交车。
The
train
came
into
the
station
om
time.火车准点进站。
15.Bus
No.26
hit
an
old
man
on
Zhonghua
Road.
26
路公交车在中华路上撞了一位老人。
hit
此处用作及物动词，意为"（用手或器具）击；打"。常用结构：hit
sb.
on/in+the+表示身体部位的名词，表示"击中某人的某个部位"。当所打部位较硬（如head、nose、back等）时，用介词on；当所打部位较软（如
eye、mouth、face、stomach等）时，则用介词
in。
例：
The
bullet
hit
him
on
the
back.子弹击中了他的后背。
She
swung
her
arm
and
hit
me
in
the
face.她挥起手臂，打了我一个耳光。
16.Do
you
agree
that
people
often
do
not
help
others
because
they
do
not
want
to
get
into
trouble?
你同意人们经常不帮助别人是因为他们不想惹麻烦这种观点吗?
trouble名词，意为"问题；苦恼"。常用搭配如下：
get
into
trouble（doing
sth.）（做某事）陷人困难
have
trouble
（in）
doing
sth.
做某事有困难
be
introuble处于困境中
例：Lisa
got
into
trouble
when
she
climbed
the
mountain.莉萨在爬山的时候陷入了困境。
She
has
trouble
(in)
dealing
with
the
problem.她在处理这个问题上有困难。
Let's
help
the
people
who
are
in
trouble.让我们来帮助那些陷于麻烦之中的人吧。
【拓展】trouble
还可做动词，意为"使烦恼；打扰"。
例：Don't
trouble
trouble
until
trouble
troubles
you.麻烦不来扰，千万别自找。
17.Did
you
fall
down?你摔倒了吗?
fall
down表示"摔倒；倒塌"，为不及物短语动词，其后不能直接接宾语。常与from连用，即
fall
down
from，表示"从…
…摔下"。
例：
The
dog
fell
down
dead.那条狗倒下去死了。
The
boy
fell
down
from
the
tree
and
broke
his
legs.那个男孩从树上掉下来，摔断了腿。
【拓展】fall
off表示"跌落"，强调的是"从某处跌落；从某处掉下来"，相当于fall
down
from。
例：The
girl
fel
off
the
bike.那个女孩从自行车上摔了下来。
Section
B
Someone
felt
sick.有人感觉不舒服。
sick形容词，意为"生病的；有病的"，既可用作定语，也可用作表语。做表语时，还可表示"恶心的"。
例：I
have
to
look
after
my
sick
sister
at
home
today.今天我不得不在家照顾生病的妹妹。
The
terrible
smell
makes
people
feel
sick.难闻的气味使人感觉恶心。
have
problems
breathing
呼吸困难
have
problems（in）doing
sth.表示"做某事有困难或麻烦"，相当于
have
trouble/difficulty
(in)doing
sth。
例：I
have
problems
(in)
learning
English.我学习英语有困难。
（2）breathe
动词，意为"呼吸"。
例：He
was
breathing
hard
when
he
finished
the
race.完成赛跑后，他在费力地喘着气。
It's
good
to
breathe
fresh
air.呼吸新鲜空气有好处。
【拓展】breathe
的名词形式为
breath，意为"呼吸"。常用短语：take
a
deep
breath"深呼吸"；hold
one's
breath"屏住呼吸"。
例：He
took
a
deep
breath
and
dived
into
the
water.他深深吸了一
口气，然后潜入水中。
Aron
Ralston
is
an
American
man
who
is
interested
in
mountain
climbing.
阿伦·罗尔斯顿是一个对登山感兴趣的美国人。
本句中的"who
is
interested
in
mountain
climbing"为定语从句，修饰先行词
an
American
man，关系代词who在从句中做主语。
例：The
man
who
is
standing
under
the
tee
is
my
teacher.那个站在树下的人是我的老师。
（2）be
interested
in表示"对…
…感兴趣"。
例：I
came
to
Xi'an
because
I
am
interested
in
the
history
of
the
city.我来到了西安，因为我对这个城市的历史感兴趣。
As
a
mountain
climber，Aron
is
used
to
taking
risks.
作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯了冒险。
as
介词，意为"作为，当作"。
例：As
a
student，you
should
study
hard.
作为一名学生，你应该努力学习。
【拓展】as
还可做连词，常见用法如下：
引导方式状语从句时，表示"照…
…方式
"
Do
as
I
told
you.
引导原因状语从句时，表示"因为"
As
you
are
busy，let
me
do
it
instead.
引导时间状语从句时，表示"当…
…的时候"
As
I
was
sleeping，the
telephone
rang.
（2）be
usd
to表示"习惯于"，其中的to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。be
也可换成
get
或
become。
例：He
is
used
to
looking
after
himself.他习惯于自己照顾自己。
【辨析】be
used
to
doing，be
used
to
do与
used
to
do
be
used
to
doing
意为"习惯于做"，其中to是介词，后跟动词-ing形式
be
used
to
do
意为"被用来做"，其中
to为不定式符号，后跟动词原形
used
to
do
意为"过去经常做"，只用于过去时态，其中
to是不定式符号，后跟动词原形
例：Ⅰ
am
used
to
getting
up
early.我习惯早起。
A
pen
is
used
to
vwrite.钢笔是用来写字的。
He
used
to
read
books
for
an
hour
every
day.他过去常常每天读一个小时的书。
（3）take
risks表示"冒险"，相当于
take
a
risk。相关短语：take
the
risk
of
doing
sth."冒做某事的风险"。
例：He
doesn't
want
to
take
any
risks.他不想冒任何风险。
I
don't
want
to
take
the
risk
of
losing
it.我不想冒失去它的风险。
There
were
many
times
when
Aron
almost
lost
his
life
because
of
accidents.
有好多次，阿伦差点因为意外丢掉性命。
because
of
短语介词，表示"因为；由于"，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
例：The
picnic
was
put
off
because
of
the
heavy
rain.由于那场大雨，野餐被推迟了。
【辨析】because
of
与
because
because
of
短语介词，后接表示原因的名词、代词或动词ing形式，但不能引导从句
because
连词，引导原因状语从句
例：My
sister
didn't
go
to
school
today
because
of
her
illness.
=My
sister
didn't
go
to
school
today
because
she
was
ill.今天我妹妹因为生病没有去上学。
On
April
26,2003,he
found
himself
in
a
very
dangerous
situation
when
climbing
in
Utah.
2003年4月26日，当他在犹他州登山时，他发现自己处在一个非常危险的境地之中。
本句中"found
himself
in
a
very
dangerous
situation"为"find+宾语+宾语补足语"结构，其中介词短语in
a
very
dangerous
situation做宾语补足语。此结构可分为以下几种：
①find+宾语+形容词（宾语补足语）
例：We
found
him
dishonest.我们发现他不诚实。
②find+宾语+动词-ing
形式（宾语补足语）
例：We
found
him
working.我们发现他正在工作。
③find+宾语+副词或介词短语（宾语补足语）
例：I
am
so
glad
to
find
you
in.我很高兴发现你在家。
I
found
the
clothes
out
of
style.我发现这些衣服过时了。
（2）situation名词，意为"情况；状况"。
He's
in
a
difficult
situation
and
doesn't
know
what
to
do.他处境艰难，不知做什么才好。
But
when
his
water
ran
out,he
knew
that
he
would
have
to
do
something
to
save
his
own
life.
但当他的水喝光之后，他知道他必须要做点什么来挽救自己的生命。
run
out表示"用尽;耗尽"，是"动词+副词"结构的短语，不用于被动语态，以主动形式表示被动意义。例：My
money
has
run
out.我的钱已经花光了。
【辨析】run
out
与
run
out
of
run
out
是不及物短语动词，后面不能接宾语，其主语通常为事物，如时间、食物、金钱等
run
out
of
是及物短语动词，后面可以接宾语，表示主动含义，其主语通常是人，相当于
use
up
例：He
has
run
out
of
money
and
his
patience
is
also
rumming
out.他的钱已经花完了，他的耐心也要耗尽了。（2）save
one's
life
表示"挽救某人的生命"。
例：The
doctor
saved
her
life.医生救了她的命。
So
he
used
his
knife
to
cut
off
half
his
right
arm.于是他用刀子切断了自己的半条右臂。
knife
意为"刀"，其复数形式要变-fe为-ves，即
knives。
例：It
is
dangerous
for
children
to
use
knives.儿童用刀很危险。
【拓展】以-f
或-fe
结尾的名词变复数
wife（妻子）→wives
leaf（叶子）→leaves
wolf（狼）→wolves
shelf（架子）→shelves
thief（小偷）→thieves
half（一半）→halves
self（自己）→selves
life（生命）→lives
（2）cut
off表示"切除；剪掉"，是由"动词+副词"构成的短语，名词做宾语时，可放在动词与副词之间或副词的后面；而代词做宾语时，只能放在动词与副词之间。
例：Mary
cut
off
some
flowers
from
the
bush.玛丽从灌木丛中剪下一些花。
They
had
to
cut
it
off.他们不得不把它切下来。
9…
he
bandaged
himself
so
that
he
would
not
lose
too
much
blood.
...
...用绷带为自己包扎了伤口，免得失血过多。
so
that表示"以便，为了"，引导目的状语从句，相当于in
order
that。
so
that引导目的状语从句时，从句中常使用
can、could、may、might、
will、would、should
等情态动词。
例：They
got
up
early
so
that
they
could
catch
the
early
bus.为了能赶上早班公交车，他们早早起床了。
Say
slowly
so
that/in
order
that
I
can
understand
you.说慢点，好让我听明白。
（2）blood不可数名词，意为"血；血液"。若表示"一滴血"则用a
drop
of
blood。
例：He
had
lost
a
lot
of
blood
and
was
very
weak.他失血很多，非常虚弱。
10.This
means
being
in
a
difficult
situation
that
you
cannot
seem
to
get
out
of.
书名的意思是"处于一个你似乎无法摆脱的困境之中"。
mean动词，意为"意思是；意味着；打算；意欲"，其过去式为meant。常用搭配：mean
doing
sth"意味着做某事"；mean
to
d
sth"打算做某事"。
例：A
red
traffic
light
means
stop.红色交通信号灯表示停下。
I
means
wasting
more
time.那意味着浪费更多的时间。
I
meant
to
go
to
the
exhibition
but
I
forgot.我本打算去参观展览，但忘了。
【拓展】mean的名词形式为
meaning，常用于句型"What's
the
meaning
of…?"，相当于"What
do/does…
mean?"或"What
do
you
mean
by…?"。
例：What's
the
meaning
of
this
word?
=What
does
this
word
mean?
=What
do
you
mean
by
this
word?
这个单词是什么意思?
In
this
book，Aron
tells
of
the
importance
of
making
good
decisions，
and
of
being
in
control
of
one's
life.在这本书里，阿伦讲述了正确抉择以及自我掌控命运的重要性。
（1）importance不可数名词，意为"重要性；重要"，常用搭配：the
importance
of（doing）sth."（做）某事的重要性"。importance的形容词形式为
important，意为"重要的"。
例：We
all
know
the
importance
of
learning
a
foreign
language
well.我们都知道学好一门外语的重要性。
I
have
something
important
to
tell
you.我有重要的事告诉你。
【拓展】变词尾的-t
为-ce
构成名词的形容词
different
adj.不同的→difference
n.不同
confident
adj.有信心的→confidencen.信心
patient
adj.有耐心的→patiencen.耐心
（2）decision
此处用作可数名词，意为"决定；抉择"，常用短语：make
decisions/a
decision"下决心：做决定"；make
a
decision
to
do
sth"下决心做某事"
例：We
must
think
about
it
carefully
before
we
make
a
decision.我们必须仔细考虑后再做决定。
She
makes
a
decision
to
be
a
scientist
when
she
grows
up.她决定长大后当一名科学家。
His
love
for
mountain
climbing
is
so
great
that
he
kept
on
climbing
mountains
even
after
this
experience.
他对登山如此痴迷，以至于在这次断臂经历之后他依然继续从事登山运动。
（1）so
...
that
…
表示"如此…
…以至于…
…"，其中so表示程度，后跟形容词或副词；that
引导结果状语从句。其句型结构如下：
so+adj./adv.+that从句
so+adj.（+a/an）+n.+that从句
so+many/much/few/little+n.+that从句
例：Tom
ran
so
fast
that
I
couldn't
catch
up
with
him.汤姆跑得那么快，以至于我跟不上他。
His
son
is
so
tall
a
man
that
he
almost
reaches
the
ceiling.他儿子那么高，几乎够到天花板了。
Kate
had
so
many
falls
that
she
was
black
and
blue
all
over.凯特跌倒了好多次，摔得浑身青一块紫一块的。
【拓展】在so…
that…句型中，当that引导的结果状语从句是肯定句时，可以与…
enough
to…进行同义转换；当that引导的结果状语从句是否定句时，可以与
too
…
to
...进行同义转换。
例：The
girl
is
so
old
that
she
can
go
to
school.→The
girl
is
old
enough
to
go
to
school.
这个女孩年龄足够大，可以去上学。
Jim
was
so
angry
that
he
couldn't
say
a
word.→Jim
was
too
angry
to
say
a
word.
吉姆气得一句话也说不出来。
（2）keep
on
doing
sth.表示"继续或坚持做某事"。
例：Don't
give
up
hope；keep
on
trying.不要放弃希望，继续努力。
【辨析】keep
on
doing
sth与
keep
doing
sth.
keep
on
doing
sth.
强调时间的间隔性和动作的反复性，常与表示
动态的
动
词连
用，如
walk、write、climb
等，有时暗指不顾困难而"坚持"做某事
两者均可表示"继续做某事，反复做某事"，通
常可互换
keep
doing
sth.
强调动作的持续性，无停顿，有时也指今后或将来继续做某事
例：Although
it
was
late,she
kept
on
working.虽然很晚了，但她还继续工作着。
Don't
keep（on）asking
such
questions!不要老是问这类问题!
They
kept
standing
outside
the
room
during
the
meeing.在会议期间他们一直站在房间外。
..and
before
we
have
to
make
a
decision
that
could
mean
life
or
death.
…
…或在我们不得不做出生死抉择之前…
…
death名词，意为"死；死亡"，在句中做主语或宾语。
例：His
death
makes
people
around
very
sad.他的离世让周围的人很悲伤。
【拓展】die不及物动词，意为"死；死亡"；dead形容词,意为"死的"；dying形容词，意为"临终的；垂死的"
例：His
mother
died
two
years
ago.他的妈妈两年前去世了。
He
was
dead
because
of
illness.他因病去世了。
The
old
man
is
dying.
这个老人生命垂危。
Aron
loves
mountain
climbing
and
doesn't
mind
taking
risks.阿伦热爱登山，他不介意冒险。
mind此处做及物动词，意为"介意"，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式做宾语，且常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中。
例：Do
you
mind
me
turning
on
the
TV?你介意我打开电视吗?
I
don't
mind
driving
if
you're
tired.
如果你累了，我来开车吧。
Are
you
married,if
you
don't
mind
my
asking?如果你不介意，请问你结婚了吗?
【拓展】mind也可做名词，意为"头脑；心智"。
例：The
old
man
is
ninety
years
old,but
his
mind
is
sharp.这位老人虽然
90
岁了，但头脑很灵活。
Aron
did
not
give
up
after
the
accident
and
keeps
on
climbing
mountains
today.
阿伦在这次事故后没有放弃登山，现在他继续从事登山运动。
give
up表示"放弃"，后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式做宾语。代词做宾语时，要把代词放在
give
与
up
之间。
例：I
have
to
give
up
the
plan.
我不得不放弃那个计划。
It
is
good
for
you
to
give
up
smoking.戒烟对你有好处。
That's
bad
for
your
health;
please
give
it
up.那对你的健康不利，请戒掉它。
【拓展】"动词十up"结构的短语
take
up
占用；开始从事
cheer
up振作起来
pick
up捡起；拾起
put
up
搭起；搭建
stay
up
熬夜
use
up
用完；耗尽
【练习】
1.（山东济南中考）--Nck
is
not
at
school.______？
--He
has
a
cold.
Who's
that
B.
What's
the
matter
C.How
old
is
he
D.
How
much
is
it
2.（黑龙江齐齐哈尔中考）--What's______matter
with
you?
--I
have______
fever.
A.
an;
the
B.
the;
/
C.
the;
a
3.（重庆中考）好好休息一下，你的眼睛会好很多。
Your
eyes
will
be
much
better
after
you______
a
good______.
4.（山东泰安中考改编）
Sandy
went
into
her
sister's
room
without______
(knock)
on
the
door.
That
made
her
sister
mad.
5.（甘肃白银中考）
I
see
these
two
boys______(pass)my
house
every
day.
6.（江苏连云港中考）
--Yan
Jiashuo,a______
girl,has
won
the
prize
of
International
Master
of
Memory.
--Wow,she's
great,isn't
she?
A.
ten-year-old
B.
ten-years-old
C.
ten
year
old
D.
ten
years
old
7.（江苏苏州中考改编）--Has
Jane
done
the
washing
yet?
--You
cannot
expect
her______(do)such
a
thing.
8.（新疆中考改编）令他惊讶的是，他的爸爸同意和他一起观看足球比赛。
______
______
____________,
his
father
agreed
with
him
to
watch
the
football
match
together.
（山东菏泽中考）
______
the
No.48
bus
driver,
all
the
passengers
were
saved.
The
driver
managed
to
stop
the
bus
before
he
died.
A.
Thanks
to
B.
According
to
C.
As
for
10.--Sally
is
my
best
friend.
She
is
always
there
whenever
I'm______.
--Yeah.
A
friend
in
need
is
a
friend
indeed.
A.in
order
B.
in
trouble
C.
in
public
11.（广东广州中考）现在越来越多的外国人对中国文化感兴趣了。
Now
more
and
more
foreigners______
____________
______Chinese
culture.
（甘肃白银中考)
Chinese
will
be
widely
used______a
foreign
language
around
the
world
.
A.in
B.for
C.as
D.by
②（云南中考）
Mary
used
to______in
the
countryside，but
now
she
is
used
to
in
the
city.
A.live；live
B.live；living
C.living；live
D.living；living
13.（山东威海中考）
I
looked
through
my
test
paper
again
and
again______
I
wouldn't
make
any
mistakes.
A.
so
B.
because
C.
so
that
14.（新疆乌鲁木齐中考改编）
Some
people
won't
realize
the____________(important)
of
their
friendship
until
they
lose
it.
15.（贵州黔西南中考改编）
Mr.
Li
made
a____________
(decide)to
travel
to
Beijing
last
week.
16.（山东济南中考）
--Did
you
watch
the
soccer
game
last
night?
Our
school
team
won
the
game
in
the
last
minute!
--Yes.
I
was
______
excited______
I
could
not
fall
asleep.
A.
as;
as
B.
so;
as
C.
too;
to
D.
so;
that
17.（四川内江中考）Mr.
Black,you
are
becoming
healthier
and
healthier.
Please
keep
on
______.
A.ran
B.
to
run
C.
runs
D.
running
18.（湖北孝感中考改编）
Would
you
mind____________(open)the
window,please?
It
is
too
hot
here.
19.（湖北随州中考）
As
we
know,many
successful
people
never______matter
what
difficulties
they've
had.
stay
up
B.
cheer
up
C.
take
up
D.
give
up
答案：BC
have/take；rest
knocking
pass
A
to
do
To
his
surprise
AB
are/
get
interested
in
CBC
importance
decision
opening
D
二、重点语法
情态动词
should
的用法
情态动词should意为"应当，应该"，后接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化。
1.
should
的句式结构
句式
结构
肯定句
主语+should+动词原形+其他.
否定句
主语+shouldn't+动词原形+其他.
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+should+主语+动词原形+其他?
一般疑问句
Should+主语+动词原形+其他?
肯定回答
Yes，主语+should.
否定回答
No，主语+shouldn't.
例：They
should
eat
a
balanced
diet.他们应该平衡饮食。
They
shouldn’t
eat
too
much.他们不应该吃得太多。
Where
should
we
meet?我们应该在哪里见面?
--It's
too
cold.
Should
I
close
the
window?太冷了，我该关上窗户吗?
--Yes,you
should./No,you
shouldn’t.是的，你应该。/不，你不应该。
2.
should
的基本用法及示例
用法
示例
表示劝告、建议
You
should
answer
the
question
in
English.你应该用英语回答这个问题。
表示义务、责任
We
should
help
the
people
in
trouble.我们应该帮助处于困境中的人们。
表示推测、判断
They
should
be
at
home
now,I
think.我认为，他们现在应该在家里。
表示
惊讶、赞
叹、不满等
How
should
I
know?我怎么会知道?
【注意】should在以
why、who、how等疑问词开头的问句中，表示拒绝、恼怒或惊奇。
例：Why
should
I
help
him?
He's
never
done
anything
for
me.我为什么要帮他呢?他从来没为我做过什么。
反身代词的用法
表示"我（们）自己"
"你（们）自己"
"他/她/它（们）自己"的代词被称为'反身代词。
1.反身代词的分类
①第一、二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加-self
或-selves构成;
②第三人称的反身代词由人称代词的宾格加-self
或-selves
构成;
③不定人称代词
one
也有反身代词的形式，即
oneself。
2.
反身代词的用法
做宾语
常见搭配：enjoy
oneself玩得开心；teach
oneself自学；hurt
oneself
伤到自己；introduce
oneself自我介绍；dress
oneself自己穿衣服；help
oneself自用，自取（食物、饮料等）；for
oneself亲自；by
oneself
独自；say
to
oneself
自言自语；look
after
oneself
照顾自己
做同位语
单纯起强调作用，意为"本人；本身"。在某些句子中，反身代词做同位语的目的是加强语气，表示"自己；亲自"。做主语的同位语时，跟在主语之后，或放在句子末尾；做宾语的同位语时，跟在宾语之后
做表语
在
be和其他系动词（如
feel、look、scem等）之后，常用来描述感觉、情绪或状态
例：He
is
teaching
himself
English.
他在自学英语。
Did
you
make
the
cake
yourself
?
这蛋糕是你亲自做的吗?
I
don't
feel
myself
today.我今天感到不太舒服。
【练习】
一、单选。
1.We
________
be
more
careful,
or
we
will
make
the
same
mistake
in
the
experiment.
A.
might
B.
can
C.
may
D.should
2.--Would
you
please
come
to
play
soccer
with
me?
--Sorry!
My
5-year-old
brother
can't
look
after
________
.
him
B.
himself
C.
his
D.
he
3.It
is
Sunday.Let's
just
relax
and
enjoy________
.
A.
myself
B.
yourself
C.ourselves
D.
himself
4.
You
should
________more
fruit.
A.
eats
B.
eat
C.
eating
D.
to
eat
5.If
you
have
a
headache,I
think
you________see
a
doctor.
A.
will
B.
shall
C.
should
D.
can
6.You
shouldn't________the
tree.
It's
very
dangerous.
A.
climbs
B.
climb
C.
to
climb
D.
climbing
7.--Are
you
kidding?
--No.
She
told
me
the
news________.
A.
himself
B.yourself
C.
myself
D.
herself
8.--How
was
your
visit
to
the
World
Park
in
Beijing?
--Wonderful!
We
enjoyed________very
much.
itself
B.
myself
C.
yourselves
D.
ourselves
9.I
could
look
after________when
I
was
six.
A.
herself
B.
myself
C.
yourself
D.
himself
DBCBCBDDB
二、用正确的反身代词填空。
1.
The
dog
opened
the
door
by________.
2.Mary
and
Tom
fell
down
and
hurt________.
3.
The
next
morning,she
felt
she
was
not________.
4.My
son
is
old
enough
to
dress________now.
1.
itself
2.
themselves
3.herself
4.
himself
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