2021年中考英语二轮语法专题复习精讲精练课件主谓一致（33张PPT)

2021年中考英语二轮语法专题复习课件
主谓一致
主谓一致
含义
原则
语法一致
就近原则
意义一致
指主语和谓语必须保持人称和数的变化一致
语法一致是指主语的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。
语法一致
考点一：
一般情况下，主语为单数可数名词或代词、不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数可数名词或代词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
考点二：
动词不定式或动词-ing 形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
考点三：
复合不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【注意】
1. “neither of / none of + 复数可数名词 / 代词”作主语时, 谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可。
2. either指“两者之中任何一个”, 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。“either of +复数可数名词 / 代词”作主语时, 谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可。
3. each作同位语时, 谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于主语的数; “each of+复数可数名词 / 代词”作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
考点四：
当用both ... and ...?连接并列主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。当and连接的两个名词表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数形式；当表示同一人、同一物或同一个概念，或表示不可分的整体时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
考点五：
当主语后面跟有with, except, including, along with, together with, as well as, in addition to等词语引导的短语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式由主语的单、复数形式决定。
1. Fresh water ____ more important than anything else.
A. is B. are C. was D. were (2020丹东)
2. Tom, together with his friends, often ____ to the old people’s home to cheer the old up.
A. go B. going C. goes
(2020广元)
A
C
3. My family ______ for dinner now. We’re busy.
A. is preparing B. are preparing C. prepares
?(2020绥化)
4. As we all know, using public chopsticks ______ necessary when we eat with others.
A. is B. are C. was
(2020安顺)
B
A
考点六：
当主语是“a / this kind of+名词”构成，其谓语动词用单数形式。
当主语是“... kinds of +名词”构成，其谓语动词用复数形式。
考点七：
当what-, whether ... or not分句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
考点八：
一些由两部分构成的表示物体的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如shoe, glove, trouser, scissor, chopstick?等。但如果这些名词前有量词如pair等修饰时，谓语动词的数与量词保持一致。
Ⅰ.?用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. I like teachers who _______(be) always friendly, helpful and fair to each student.
2. There _______(be) a lot of rain here every year.??????
3. We’ve all got both light and dark inside us. What _______(matter) is the part we choose to act on. That’s who we really are.????????????
4. The teacher with his students _______(be) proud of their performance after the School Music Festival.???????
are
is
was
matters
5. —Why didn’t you come to my party yesterday afternoon?
—Sorry, I with my parents ______________(harvest) the wheat in the field at that time.
6. About 300 to 1,000 red-crowned cranes _______(fly) to Yancheng Nature Reserve every year to spend the winter.
7. This kind of apples _______(be) expensive.
8. Your friend and adviser ___________(agree) to lend me his money so far.
was harvesting
is
fly
has agreed
9. Each student _______(have) his or her own place in the library.
10. Each of these exercises _______(take) one or two minutes to do.
11. My glasses _______(be) broken so I will buy another pair.
12. This pair of glasses _______(be) very expensive — it cost me 500 yuan.
13. Whether or not you will succeed in this exam _______(depend) on your hard work.
has
takes
are
was
depends
?Ⅱ. 根据句意及所给首字母或汉语意思写单词。
1. This kind of special noodles?t???????????????so delicious that I can’t help asking for more.
2. It?t???????????????us 90 minutes from Tongren to Guiyang by high-speed train.
3. We can see clearly that Mongolia _______(?位于?) between China and Russia on the map.
tastes
takes
lies / is
4. Eating too much salt _________(?增加?) the risk of high blood pressure.
5. Li Rui _______(?弹奏?) the guitar after school every day.
6. Before travelling, my mother often _________(?准备?) everything well.?
increases
plays
prepares
意义一致是指谓语动词和主语的一致不是取决于主语的语法形式，而是由其意义决定。
意义一致
考点一：
当数词作主语或当表示距离、金额、时间等复数名词(词组)作主语时，通常作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。
注意：也可根据语法一致的原则。
考点二：
有些集体名词常指复数的人或物，谓语用复数形式，如police；有些集体名词作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式，如family, class, team, group, crowd等；当population意为“人口数量”时，谓语动词用单数形式；意为“全体居民”时，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可。
考点三：
“a (large / small) number of +?复数可数名词?/?代词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of +复数可数名词?/?代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
“分数?/?百分数+ of +?名词”和“the rest / most / half of +名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数由名词决定。
考点四：
以-s结尾的单数名词如news, physics, maths, politics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
考点五：
“the +?姓氏的复数形式”表示某一家人或夫妇两人，其作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Ⅰ.?单项选择
—The number of tourists _______ over 33 million this year.
—Yes. A large number of tourists _______ so far because of the new look of our city.
A. is; have come ????????? B. is; has come
C. are; has come ????????? D. are; have come
A
Ⅱ.?用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Look! The Browns _________(eat) supper in the kitchen.
2. So far, the couple _______________(not change) their flat since they had a second child.
3. The police _______(be) looking for the criminals now.
4. The team _______(be) not playing very well this season.
5. Fifteen miles _______(seem) like a long walk to me.??
is / are
are eating
haven’t changed
are
seems
6. Half of the building _______(be) damaged in the fire.
7. Half of the students in my class _______(be) boys.
8. The rest of the lecture _______(be) boring.
9. The rest of the bicycles _______(be) on sale today.
10. Two-thirds of the people present _________(be) against the plan.
are
was
are
is / was
are / were
Ⅲ.?根据句意及所给汉语意思写单词。
1. Bad news _______(传播) faster.
2. The 2022 Beijing Olympic Games?___________________?
the public to pay attention to winter sports. (?鼓励?)
3. There’re many rocks in unusual shapes?—?some hang down, and others _______ upwards. (?指向?)???
spreads
encourages / encourage
point
就近一致是指谓语动词的数要与其最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
就近一致
考点一：
以or, not only ... but also ..., either ... or ..., neither ... nor ...?等连接的名词(或代词)作主语时，谓语动词要和离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
考点二：
在there be?句型中，如果有两个或两个以上的主语时，主语与谓语的一致通常遵循就近一致原则。
1. On the left of the playground ________ the library. There ________ many books and computers in it.
A. are; is B. is; are
C. are; are D. is; is (2020大庆)
单项选择
B
2. To avoid gathering(聚集), neither the students nor their teacher ______ going to the party this evening.
A. was B. are C. is (2020齐齐哈尔)
3. Not only Jim but also his sister ______ a few cities in the south since they came to China.
A. have visited B. has visited
C. visited D. visits (2020天水)
C
B
Ⅱ.?用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. There _______(be) a book and two rulers on the desk.
2. Either my?father or my mother _______(be) coming to see me next week.
is
is