2021年中考英语二轮语法专题复习精讲精练课件非谓语动词（47张PPT)

2021年中考英语二轮语法专题复习课件
非谓语动词
知识导图
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式。
在句中不能单独作谓语，不受主语人称和数的限制。
既有动词性质（有自己的宾语、状语等），又有非动词性质（不定式相当于名词、形容词和副词等）。
非谓语动词是中考考点之一，主要考查动词不定式和动词-ing形式。
动词不定式
动词不定式可以在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语等。
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，有时to可以省略。其否定形式为“not+动词不定式”。
e.g.
To
learn
English
well
is
difficult.
动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，常用it代替它作形式主语，而将真正的主语—动词不定式后置，上面的例句常写为：
It’s
difficult
to
learn
English
well.
考点一：作主语
形式主语代替动词不定式的常用句型为：
It’s+adj.+(of
/
for
sb.)
to
do
sth.或
It’s+n.+(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.
It
takes
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.
e.g.
It’s
very
nice
of
you
to
offer
me
a
seat.
It’s
very
dangerous
for
children
to
cross
the
busy
street.
It
was
great
fun
to
have
a
picnic
there.
(2020四川遂宁中考)
It’s
important
for
us
______
a
healthy
lifestyle.
A.
to
keep
B.
keep
C.
keeping
D.
kept
A
考点二：作宾语。
只能跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有agree,
afford,
choose,
decide,
determine,
expect,
fail,
hope,
learn,
offer,
prepare,
plan,
prefer,
promise,
refuse,
want,
wish等。
提示：在find,?think等后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语—动词不定式后置。
e.g.
I?find?it?hard?to?get?along?with?him.?
1)
They
hope
______
the
basketball
match.
A.
win
B.
won
C.
to
win
D.
winning
(2020重庆中考A卷)
2)
The
doctors
and
nurses
managed
_____
the
lives
of
patients,
though
they
didn’t
have
enough
medicine.
(2020江苏苏州)
A.
save
B.
saving
C.
to
save
D.
to
saving
C
C
3)
They
want
______
a
football
match.
(2020广西桂林)
A.
not
watch
B.
watch
C.
to
watch
4)
I’ve
just
watched
a
TV
programme
about
space.
I
hope
______
on
the
moon
one
day.
(2020天津中考)
A.
walk
B.
walked
C.
walking
D.
to
walk
C
D
5)
—A
lot
of
old
people
are
lonely.
What
can
we
do
to
help
them?
—I
want
________
the
old
people’s
home
to
talk
to
them.
(2020湖南怀化)
A.
visit
B.
to
visit
C.
visiting
6)
Lisa
plans
________
a
new
picture
next
week.
(2020吉林)
A.
draw
B.
to
draw
C.
drawing
B
B
7)
—
Don’t
forget
off
the
lights
when
you
leave
the
classroom.
—OK.
I’ll
do
that.
(2020四川内江)
A.
turn
B.
turns
C.
turning
D.
to
turn
8)
—Let’s
go
to
the
movies
this
weekend.
—Sorry,
but
my
parents
and
I
have
decided
______
to
Dongjiang
Lake
for
camping.
(2020湖南郴州)
A.
go
B.
going
C.
to
go
C
D
考点三：作宾语补足语。
1.?一些动词后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，这类动词有allow,
advise,
ask,
call,
cause,
encourage,
expect,
force,
get,
help,
invite,
need,
order,
teach,
tell,
train,
want,
warn等。
提示：help跟的宾语补足语既可以是带to
的动词不定式，也可以是不带to的动词不
定式。
e.g.
Can
you
help
the
girl
(to)
move
the
chair?
2.?使役动词(如make,
let等)及感官动词(如see,
feel,
hear,
watch,
notice等)后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时需省略to，在变为被动语态时要加上to。
e.g.
I
saw
a
young
man
enter
the
room.
She
was
often
heard
to
sing
this
song.
1)
A
CCTV
news
reporter
will
come
to
interview
Wang
Lin
tomorrow.
Please
tell
her
_______.
(2020青海)
A.
not
to
be
late
B.
not
to
come
C.
to
watch
TV
2)
—
Look!
Kangkang,
that
old
man
is
crossing
the
crosswalk.
—
Jane,
let’s
_______
him.
(2020贵州铜仁)
A.
helps
B.
to
help
C.
helping
D.
help
A
D
3)
Teachers
expect
all
their
students
________
progress
day
by
day.
(2020山东青岛)
A.
to
make
B.
make
C.
to
take
D.
take
4)
—When
does
the
online
class
begin,
Mrs.
Grace?
—At
eight
o'clock.
Tell
Cindy
______
late.
(2020湖南邵阳)
A.
not
be
B.
not
being
C.
not
to
be
A
C
5)
Doctors
tell
us
_________
our
hands
before
and
after
every
meal.
(2020上海)
A.
wash
B.
washed
C.
washing
D.
to
wash
6)
Because
of
COVID-19
in
February,
the
government
advised
us
______
to
the
public
places
less.
(2020四川泸州)
A.
going
B.
go
C.
to
go
D.
gone
C
D
7)
My
teacher
encouraged
me
______
English
as
much
as
possible.
(2020黑龙江绥化)
A.
to
speak
B.
speak
C.
speaking
8)
Look
at
the
sign
“No
swimming”,
it
warns
us
______
in
the
lake.
(2020四川广元)
A.
to
swim
B.
not
to
swim
C.
swimming
A
B
考点四：作定语。
动词不定式可以作名词的定语；还可在某些句型中作定语，与所修饰的名词是动宾关系。
e.g.
I
haven’t
had
the
chance
to
think
yet.
（作名词的定语）
提示：动词不定式作定语修饰名词且为动宾关系时，如果动词为不及物动词，后面要加上相应的介词。
e.g.
Tina?has?no?paper?to?write?on.??
(2020甘肃天水)
Reading
is
a
good
way
______
the
world.
A.
for
know
B.
for
knows
C.
to
know
D.
to
knows
C
考点五：作状语。
动词不定式作状语往往表示原因、目的、结
果等。
e.g.
They
were
surprised
to
find
that
nobody
was
in
the
house.?
(表示原因)
To
get
a
good
seat
she
arrived
at
the
hall
early.
?(表示目的)
The
boy
is
old
enough
to
take
care
of
himself.
?(表示结果)
1)
________
the
project
as
planned,
they
need
to
work
two
more
hours
a
day.
(2020内蒙古呼和浩特）
A.
To
finish
B.
Finishing
C.
Finish
D.
To
be
finished
2)
They
offered
courses
_________
students
know
the
importance
of
protecting
the
Huanghe
River.
(2020江苏南通)
A.
help
B.
helped
C.
helps
D.
to
help
A
D
3)
More
and
more
teenagers
have
poor
eyesight,
so
parents
and
teachers
should
take
actions
_______
the
situation
from
getting
worse.
(2020江苏泰州)
A.
stop
B.
stopping
C.
stopped
D.
to
stop
4)
Our
government
tries
to
do
everything
they
can
_______
people
live
a
better
life.
(2020四川达州)
A.
to
help
B.
help
C.
helping
D.
helped
D
A
5)
We
should
do
what
we
can
________
those
people
when
they
are
in
trouble.
(2020黑龙江龙东)
A.
to
help
B.
helped
C.
help
6)
We’d
better
follow
the
seven-step
hand-washing
method
________
healthy.
(2020重庆中考B卷)
A.
to
keep
B.
keep
C.
keeping
D.
keeps
A
A
7)
—Why
do
many
farmers
put
their
products
online
these
days?
—
__________
them
more
easily.
(2020四川成都)
A.
To
sell
B.
Sell
C.
Selling
8)
The
Birdwatching
Society
goes
to
Zhalong
Nature
Reserve
________
the
birds
every
year.
(2020江苏盐城)
A.
to
count
B.
counting
C.
count
D.
counts
A
A
9)
We
are
glad
_______
that
traditional
Chinese
medicine
can
work
wonders
in
preventing
some
diseases.
(2020湖南长沙)
A.
know
B.
to
know
C.
knowing
B
考点六
1.
had
better,
would
rather,
Why
not
...?，Will/Would
you
please
...?,
prefer
to
do
rather
than
do等后面接不带to的动词不定式。
e.g.
To
catch
the
early
bus,
you’d
better
get
up
early
tomorrow
morning.
2.?动词不定式可以和疑问词what,
which,
?
how,
where,
when等连用，构成动词不定式的特殊结构。
e.g.
Can
you
tell
me
where
to
buy
a
map?
动词-ing形式
动词的-ing形式由“动词原形+-ing”构成，其否定形式为“not+动词的-ing形式”。
动词的-ing形式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语等。
考点一：作主语。
动词-ing形式作主语和动词不定式作主语，在很多情况下可以通用。
e.g.
Playing
/
To
play
computer
games
too
much
is
bad
for
your
eyes.
考点二：作宾语。
1.
在初中阶段我们需要掌握的后跟动词-ing形式作宾语的词语有：
avoid,
consider,
dislike,
enjoy,
finish,
imagine,
keep,
mind,
practise,
stop,
suggest
(建议)
等。
be
afraid
of,
be
busy,
be
good
at,
be
interested
in,
be
/
get
used
to,
be
worth,
can’t
help,
care
about,
end
up,
feel
like,
give
up,
have
fun
(in),
have
difficulty
(in),
have
a
good
time
(in),
how
/
what
about,
keep
on,
look
forward
to,
put
off,
spend
time
in,
thanks
for,
prefer
…
to
…,
think
about等。
2.?有些及物动词（如like,
love,
hate,
?
begin,
start等）既可以跟动词的-ing形式作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意思上没什么差别。如：
e.g.
Do
you
like
reading
/
to
read?
3.?有些及物动词（如remember,
forget,
stop,
try等）既可以跟动词的-ing形式作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语，但意义有别。
forget
/
remember
to
do
sth.?
忘记?/?记得要做某事
forget
/
remember
doing
sth.?
忘记?/?记得做过某事
stop
to
do
sth.?
停下来去做某事
stop
doing
sth.?
?停止做某事
try
to
do
sth.?
设法做某事
try
doing
sth.?
?尝试做某事
need
to
do
sth.?
?需要去做某事
need
doing?
?需要被做
mean
to
do
sth.
?打算去做某事
mean
doing
sth.?
?意味着做某事
used
to
do
sth.?
过去常常做某事
be
used
to
doing
sth.?
习惯于做某事
1)
A
lot
of
museums
in
China
are
worth
________.
If
you
have
time,
you
can
choose
to
go.
(2020江苏镇江)
A.
visited
B.
visiting
C.
to
visit
D.
visit
2)
The
engineers
will
keep
_________
the
project
with
the
manager
of
the
company.
(2020上海)
A.
discuss
B.
discussed
C.
discussing
D.
to
discuss
B
C
3)
—The
movie
The
Wandering
Earth
is
wonderful.
Do
you
feel
like
________
it
tonight?
—I’d
love
to,
but
my
parents
won’t
let
me
_________
out
too
late.
(2020四川自贡)
A.
watching,
to
stay
B.
to
watch,
staying
C.
watching;
stay
C
4)
—Why
don’t
the
doctors
stop
____
lunch?
—Because
they
are
busy
_____
a
patient.
(2020新疆)
A.
to
have;
to
save
B.
having;
saving
C.
to
have;
saving
D.
having;
to
save
5)
The
singer
was
often
seen
to
practice
________
songs
near
the
woods
three
years
ago.
(2020四川乐山)
A.
sing
B.
singing
C.
to
sing
C
B
6)
Gina
used
to
live
in
the
countryside
with
her
parents,
but
now
she
is
used
to
______
with
her
classmates
at
school.
(2020四川广元)
A.
live
B.
living
C.
lived
7)
Most
of
us
enjoy
________
to
our
mothers
speak,
because
our
brains
greatly
prefer
the
voices
of
our
own
mothers.
(2020山东临沂)
A.
listening
B.
listen
C.
to
listen
B
A
8)
I
haven’t
seen
my
best
friend
Lucy
for
2
months.
I’m
looking
forward
to
______
a
video
call
with
her.
(2020湖南岳阳)
A.
have
B.
having
C.
has
9)
Most
students
look
forward
to
_______
back
to
the
classroom
to
have
lessons
with
their
classmates.
(2020黑龙江齐齐哈尔)
A.
come
B.
came
C.
coming
B
C
10)
The
twin
brothers
are
busy
_______
artworks
from
ocean
waste.
(2020福建)
A.
making
B.
make
C.
to
make
A
考点三：宾语补足语
一些动词既可以接动词不定式又可接动词-ing形式，作宾语补足语的有区别。
感官动词(如see，watch，notice，hear，feel等)?后既可跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，也可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。前者表示动作的全过程，后者表示动作正在进行。
考点四：作定语。
e.g.
The
man
standing
there
is
my
friend.
Ⅰ.
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
1.
—What
are
you
going
to
do
with
the
clothes?
—Some
clothes
will
be
given
to
the
poor
and
the
others
will
be
sent
to
factories
for
___________.
(recycle)
(2020内蒙古呼和浩特）
2.
To
keep
healthy,
we
should
pay
attention
to
_________
(wear)
masks
and
washing
hands.
(2020湖北鄂州)
3.
We
must
be
careful
to
avoid
________
(make)
mistakes
in
the
exam.
(2020黑龙江绥化)
recycling
wearing
making
4.
When
he
heard
the
good
news,
he
couldn’t
help
________
(jump).
(2020黑龙江绥化)
(2020黑龙江龙东)
5.
All
the
doctors
and
nurses
didn’t
give
up
________
(save)
the
young
man.
6.
The
worried
mother
is
looking
forward
to
________
(hear)
from
her
daughter.
7.
—
Could
you
tell
me
what
the
sign
means?
—
Keep
distance
in
public
places
to
avoid
________
(catch)
a
virus.
(2020江苏泰州)
jumping
saving
hearing
catching
8.
It’s
popular
_________
(hire)
a
boat
and
row
on
the
Xuanwu
Lake.
(2020江苏南京)
9.
Do
you
mind
me
__________
(open)
the
window?
(2020甘肃武威)
10.
The
teacher
told
us
to
pay
attention
to
________
(spell)
English
words.
(2020·黑龙江大庆)
to
hire
opening
spelling
II.
补全句子。
(2020湖北黄冈)
通过与同学交流你会找到更好的学习方法。
(communicate)
You
can
find
better
leaning
methods
by
___________________
your
municating
with