2021年中考英语二轮语法专题复习精讲精练课件介词（38张PPT)

2021年中考英语二轮语法专题复习课件
介
词
表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系。介词是虚词，不能独立充当句子中的成分。
时间介词:
in,
on,
at,
during,
since,
for.
方位、地点介词:
through,
over,
across,
past,
among,
between
其他介词:
with,
without,
from,
like,
by,
under
介词与动词的搭配:如
fall
in
love
with,
remind
sb.
of
介词与形容词的搭配:如
be
sad
at;
be
afraid
of
介词与名词的搭配:
in
danger,
on
foot,
at
night
其他常见介词短语:
such
as,
because
of
介词
1.
at,
on,
in
at:?具体钟点之前；
on:?星期、具体日期及某天上午、下午、晚上前；
in:?年、月、季节或泛指的上午、下午、晚上前。
时间介词
e.g.
We
often
have
supper?at?seven
o’clock.
Bruce
usually
does
some
reading?on?Sunday
afternoon.
The
English
speech
contest
is
on
October
19th.
My
grandparents
take
exercise?in?the
morning.
We
want
to
go
to
Beijing
in
November.
2.
in,
after
在一段时间以后。
in常与一般将来时连用，after常与一般过去时连用。
3.
during,
through
during在……期间；through从头到尾。
4.
for,
since
for+时间段，since+时间点，均可与现在完成时连用。
e.g.
Do
you
think
what
our
life
will
be
like?in?one
hundred
years?
After?three
years,
I
found
a
job
in
a
bank.
My
uncle
has
worked
on
the
farm?for?ten
years.
I’ve
studied
in
the
school?since?three
years
ago.
【语境应用】选词填空。
1)
Don’t
stay
inside
_______
such
a
sunny
morning.
Let’s
go
fishing.
2)
Everything
will
be
ready
_______
a
week.
3)
_______
seven
the
rain
began
to
fall.
4)
I
haven’t
seen
him?_______
months.
5)
It
rained
_______
June
and
into
the
first
half
of
July.
6)
They
have
been
good
friends
_______
primary
school.
in,
on,
for,
since,
after,
through
on
in/after
After
for
through
since
1.
at,
in,
from
at:?在某处，后通常接相对较小的地点；
in:?在某处，后通常接相对较大的地点。
from:
指来自某处。
e.g.
They
arrived?at?our
school
yesterday.
Our
teachers
arrived?in?Beijing?this
morning.
Jane
is?from?the
U.S.A.
地点介词
2.
in,
on,
to,
off表示两地的位置关系
in:
在某一范围内部；
on:
接壤；
to:
不在范围内，二者之间有距离间隔，不接壤；
off:
两地的距离。
e.g.
Dalian?is?in?the
north
of?China.
Hubei?is?on?the
north
of?Hunan.
Australia?lies?to?the
south
of?China.
They
arrived
at
a
house
off
the
main
road.
3.
across,
through从一边到另一边
across:?从某物的表面上横过；
through:
从某物的空间内穿过。
4.
between,
among,
of
between:
在两者之间，between
...
and。among:
在三者或三者以上之间；……之一；of:
范围，在……中。
e.g.
Be
careful
when
you
walk?across?the
road.
The
old
man
went?through?the
forest.
The
teacher
was
standing
among
a
group
of
students.
There
is
a
long
bridge
between
the
two
cities.
The
workers
will
build
a
museum
between
the
cinema
and
the
park.
There’s
snow
at
the
top?of?the
mountain.
5.
above,
over,
on,
below,
under
above:
高于；在……之上。不一定在正上方，无接触；
over:
在……的上方。强调垂直关系或空间接近；
on:
在……上并与表面接触；
under:
在……垂直方向的下面但不与表面接触；
below:
在……之下。
over与under互为反义词；above与below互为反义词。
e.g.
A
plane
is
flying?above?us.
I
could
hear
the
noise
in
the
yard?below?my
window.
There
are
many
books?on?the
shelf.
There
is
a
bridge?over?the
river.
There
is
a
ball?under?the
teacher’s
desk.
6.
in
front
of,
in
the
front
of,
behind,
at
the
back
of
in
front
of
/
behind:
在某一空间外部范围的前面或后面；
in
the
front
of
/
at
the
back
of:
在某一空间内部范围的前面或后面。
7.
by
/
near
/
beside:
在……旁边，
along:
沿着，
around:
在……周围
【语境应用】根据句意及所给首字母或汉语意思写单词。
1)
They
come
f?????????????
?the
north.
2)
The
River
Thames
flows
t?????????????
?London.
3)
There
is
a
lamp
hanging
right
o?????????????
?the
table,
so
he
can
see
the
words
clearly.
4)
A?????????????
?all
the
school
subjects,
English
is
my
favorite.
5)
The
temperature
in
our
hometown
usually
drops
_______
zero
in
winter.
(在……以下)
from
through
over
Among
below
by,
through,
in,
with
by和through:
通过……方式/方法；
in:
使用(某种语言)；
with:
用，使用……。
方式介词
e.g.
I
usually
go
to
school?by?bike.
Mary
studies
English?by?listening
to
tapes.
He
became
rich
through
hard
work.
Can
you
say
it?in?English?
He
wrote
a
letter?with?a
pen.
1.
including,
besides,
except
including:?包含，包括
besides:?除了……之外(还有)
except:?除了……之外(不包括)
2.
with,
without
with:?和……在一起；具有(品质、特征等)；带有；随着?
without:?没有
其他介词
3.
for,
against,
beyond
for:
支持?
against:
反对?
beyond:
超过
注意：for还可以表示价格和目的。
4.
for,
to
一些动词可带双宾语，当先说直接宾语(表物)时，间接宾语(表人)前可以用for，也可以用to。有些动词与for搭配，如buy
/
make
/
sing
/
cook
/
write
/
draw
/
order
/
choose
sth.
for
sb.；有些动词则与to搭配，如give
/
send
/
lend
/
pass
/
tell
/
show
/
offer
/
hand
/
throw
sth.
to
sb.等。
e.g.
Are
you
for
or
against
the
plan?
They
are
all
against
my
decision.
It
is
beyond
human
power.
She
made
a
dress
for
her
daughter.
They
decided
to
advertise
their
new
product
on
TV.
5.
for,
of
It
is
+
adj.+
for/of
sb.
to
do
sth.
for
sb.中的sb.是动词不定式的逻辑主语。当那些作表语的形容词能修饰人时，才能用of来引出动词不定式的逻辑主语。这类形容词有kind,
nice,
good,
careful,
careless,
crazy,
foolish,
wise,
rude,
impolite,
brave等。
e.g.
It
is
dangerous
for
an
old
man
to
run
fast.
=
For
an
old
man,
to
run
fast
is
dangerous.
It
is
kind
of
you.
/
You
are
kind
to
help
us.
介词在实际使用中常常与其他词构成固定搭配，需要随时积累并熟记。
固定搭配
1.
In
the
last
few
months,
the
teachers
have
given
lessons
_______
the
Internet
as
webcasts
(主播).
(2020云南)
A.
for
B.
at
C.
in
D.
on
2.
My
hometown,
Kunming,
is
famous
_______
fresh
flowers.
No
matter
when
you
visit
it,
they
will
catch
your
eye.
(2020云南昆明)
A.
as
B.
for
C.
of
D.by
D
B
3.
We
have
lunch
______
school
from
Monday
to
Friday.(2020桂林)
A.
on
B.
at
C.
with
4.
Hong
Kong
is
______
the
south
of
China,
it’s
one
of
the
busiest
cities
in
the
world.
(2020广西百色)
A.
in
B.
on
C.
at
D.
to
5.
—Hello,
my
name
is
John
Smith.
And
I’m
calling
to
ask
about
the
position
in
your
school.
—Yes,
the
position
is
still
open.
You
could
come
over
and
have
a
talk
______
us.
(2020内蒙古呼和浩特)
A.
with
B.
about
C.
through
D.
away
B
A
A
6.
You’d
better
not
hang
out
after
school
_______
telling
your
parents.
They
may
worry
about
you.
(2020山东青岛)
A.
by
B.
with
C.
without
D.
after
7.
If
success
is
a
gate,
the
road
______
it
must
be
made
up
of
difficulties.
(2020辽宁营口)
A.
towards
B.
against
C.
opposite
D.
near
8.
We
had
an
art
festival
_______
April
20th,
2020.
(2020辽宁丹东)
A.
on
B.
in
C.
at
D.
for
C
A
A
9.
Han
clothing
is
becoming
more
popular
______
young
people.
(2020江苏扬州)
A.
over
B.
among
C.
between
D.
about
10.
The
Ninth
Xichang
Dragon
Boat
Race
was
hold
______
June
?
9th?last?year.
Many
people
watched
it
______
TV.
(2020四川)
A.?in;?on
B.?in;?in
C.?on;?on
D.?on;?in
11.
—Many
people
have
been
back
to
their
work
_______
March
5th.
—Cities
are
brought
back
to
life.
(2020湖北宜昌)
A.
for
B.
in
C.
since
D.
during
B
C
C
12.
—Which
is
your
uncle?
—
The
big
man,
smartly
dressed
_______
a
suit
and
tie.
(2020湖北武汉)
A.
on
B.
with
C.
for
D.
in
13.
Although
the
man
is
in
his
eighties,
he
grows
vegetables
________
in
his
garden.
(2020湖北鄂州)
A.
in
public
B.
in
person
C.
in
silence
D.
in
fact
14.
As
students,
we’re
supposed
to
go
to
the
museum
often.
We
can
get
more
knowledge
from
the
things
_______.
(2020山西)
A.
on
show
B.
on
sale
C.
on
land
D
B
A
15.
—Xining
is
getting
more
and
more
beautiful.
—Oh,
yes.
I
think
more
changes
are
_______.
(2020青海)
A.
on
the
radio
B.
in
the
end
C.
on
the
way
16.
Cookies
are
just
the
thing
to
serve
_______
tall
glasses
of
real
lemon
juice.
(2020青海)
A.
at
B.
in
C.
with
17.
Look!
The
girl
_______
red
is
helping
an
old
man
cross
the
road.
(2020湖南湘西)
A.
of
B.
on
C.
in
C
C
C
18.
Eight
members
of
a
Chinese
team
arrived
_______
the
top
of
Mount
Qomolangma
successfully.
(2020海南)
A.
in
B.
at
C.
to
19.
—I
am
hungry
now.
I
come
to
school
_______
breakfast
this
morning.
—You
should
get
up
early.
(2020湖北十堰)
A.
of
B.
to
C.
at
D.
without
20.
—How
do
you
study
for
a
test,
Annie?
—I
study
_______
working
with
a
group.
(2020湖南邵阳)
A.
by
B.
with
C.
in
B
D
A
21.
My
uncle’s
reviews
on
the
four
great
classical
Chinese
novels
may
be
published
_______
the
summer
of
2021.
(2020江苏南通)
A.
in
B.
on
C.
at
D.
for
22.
Don’t
use
your
mobile
phone
when
you
go
_______
the
road.
It's
dangerous.
(2020辽宁葫芦岛)
A.
through
B.
over
C.
into
D.
across
23.
—Sorry,
I
didn't
do
a
good
job.
—Never
mind.
_______
You’ve
tried
your
best.
(2020辽宁铁岭)
A.
As
for
B.
In
total
C.
In
that
case
D.
After
all
A
D
D
24.
The
ancient
town
has
been
open
to
visitors
_______
about
ten
years.
(2020上海)
A.
by
B.
for
C.
on
D.
though
munication
is
a
bridge_______
the
young
and
the
old.
(2020贵州毕节)
A.
across
B.
through
C.
between
D.
among
26.
I
will
volunteer
for
a
two-day
home
stay
for
an
exchange
student
from
the
UK.
I
consider
it
a
good
chance
to
show
Chinese
food
_______
our
kindness.
(2020江苏泰州)
A.
as
well
as
B.
so
well
as
C.
as
good
as
D.
so
good
as
B
C
A
28.
—Many
doctors
and
nurses
went
to
Hubei
in
February.
—Hubei
is
far
from
Heilongjiang.
It's
______
the
south
of
China,
______
the
south
of
Henan.
(2020黑龙江龙东)
A.
in;
to
B.
on;
to
C.
in;
on
29.
All
of
us
helped
to
clean
up
the
old
people's
home
_______
Eric.
He
had
a
bad
cold.
(2020贵州黔东南)
A.
besides
B.
against
C.
except
D.
with
C
C
改错。
1.
So
I
cooked
the
meal
with
myself.
(2020四川雅安)
2.
At
New
Years
Day
in
2015,
President
Xi
Jinping
used
the
word
“Dianzan”
to
thank
we
great
country
and
Chinese
people.
(2020黑龙江齐齐哈尔)
3.
Everything
is
very
convenient
at
here.
(2020贵州遵义)
by
On
at
完成句子。
1.
在英语中，我们说与人分担一个烦恼就像把麻烦分成两半。
In
English,
we
say
that
________
a
problem
is
________
cutting
it
in
half.
(2020湖北孝感)
2.
我看到桌子上放着一张便条。
I
saw
a
note
lying
_______________.
(2020陕西)
3.
我们珍惜日常生活中与家人和朋友在一起的时光。
(everyday)
(2020湖北宜昌)
We
value
the
time
we
spend
with
our
family
and
friends
________________________.
sharing
like
on
the
desk/table
in
(our)
everyday
lives
(life)
4.
Turn
back
and
you
will
see
me
standing
b______
you.
(2020海南)
5.
They
are
building
a
bridge
______(cross)
the
river.
(2020甘肃武威)
6.
China
has
made
great
progress
d_______
the
past
forty
years.
(2020贵州黔西南)
7.
Carol
often
goes
to
school
_______
bike.
It’s
good
for
her
health.
(2020吉林)
behind
across
during
by
语法综合填空
。
1.
In
the
past
three
years,
I
have
learned
a
lot
my
teachers
and
have
had
a
great
time
at
school.
(2020内蒙古呼和浩特)
2.
______
May
12,
the
zoo
said
that
it
was
going
to
send
the
two
pandas
back
to
China.
(2020山东济宁)
3.
After
standing
a
moment,
he
said
to
the
boy,
…
(2020广东深圳)
from
On
for
4.
He
followed
the
friend
to
the
classroom
and
was
welcomed
______
her
classmates.
(2020湖北孝感)
5.
As
I
rode
the
lift
even
higher
up
the
mountain,
I
watched
the
people
b______
move
along
the
snow.
(2020湖北宜昌)
6.
If
you
can,
try
to
get
news
all
kinds
of
sources
(来源).
(2020四川宜宾)
7.
However,
it
wasn’t
popular
of
1970s
in
England.
(2020山东枣庄)
by
below
from
by
8.
Many
young
people
love
his
book,
and
(介词)
a
result,
David
has
become
a
popular
young
writer.
(2020山东聊城)
9.
As
well
as
this,
we
have
a
doctor
of
our
own
to
ask
_______
any
medical
problems
we
have!
(2020浙江杭州)
10.
In
order
to
make
his
lessons
more
creative,
he
asked
his
students
to
hand
(62)
i______
their
homework
through
a
QR
code(二维码).
(2020黑龙江齐齐哈尔)
as
about
in