2021年中考英语二轮语法专题复习精讲精练课件陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句（55张PPT)

2021年中考英语二轮语法专题复习课件
陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句
句子按说话目的可分为四种类型：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
陈述句
考点：陈述句的肯定结构和否定结构。
??????? 陈述句用于陈述一件事或表示一种看法，它包括肯定结构和否定结构两种。
在肯定结构中，谓语动词不含否定词；否定结构是在系动词、助动词或情态动词后加not，除了not外，其他否定词(如：no，hardly，never等)也可以构成否定句。
1. (2020黑龙江绥化)
He has some good ideas.（改为否定句）
He ______ have ________ good ideas.
2. (2020重庆中考A卷) I was playing with my phone
when my mother came in.（改为否定句）
I________ ________ with my phone when my
mother came in.
doesn’t any
wasn’t playing
3. (2020重庆中考B卷) She often reads with
her daughter in the evening. （改为否定句）
She ______ often _____ with her daughter
in the evening.
4. (2020新疆) Ellen has already bought
some flowers. (改为否定句)
Ellen _______ bought any flowers _______.
doesn’t read
hasn’t yet
5. (2020黑龙江牡丹江市) Mudanjiang used to
be a small town. (改为否定句)
Mudanjiang _____ ______ to be a small
town.
didn’t use
疑问句
???????疑问句用来提出问题。英语中有四种疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和附加疑问句。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA} 概念
结构
例句
用yes, no来回答的疑问句为一般疑问句。
be＋主语＋其他
—Is she a nurse？ 她是一名护士吗？
—No, she isn’t. She is a teacher.
不，她不是。她是一名老师。
考点一：一般疑问句
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}概念
结构
例句
用yes, no来回答的疑问句为一般疑问句。
情态动词＋主语＋ 动词原形＋ 其他？
—Must I finish the report today？
我今天必须完成这份报告吗？
—Yes, you must. 是的，你必须完成。
—No, you needn’t./you don’t have to.
不, 你不必完成。
助动词＋主语＋动词原形/现在、过去分词＋其他？
Do you want to go to the movies with me?
你想和我一起去看电影吗？
Have you been to Tibet你去过西藏吗？
(2020甘肃白银) 句型转换。按括号内的要求转换下列句型。（每空限填一词）
2. The Brows were watching TV when they got the phone
call last night.（改为一般疑问句）
_________the Browns _________ TV when they got the
phone call last night?
Were watching
(2020上海)
62. The middle school boy can tell traditional Chinese stories
in English. (改为一般疑问句)
_______ the middle school boy _______ traditional
Chinese stories in English?
(2020贵州黔南州)句型转换。
71. The foreigners visited the Great Wall of China yesterday.
（改为一般疑问句）
________ the foreigners _________ the Great Wall of
China yesterday?
Can tell
Did visit
(2020甘肃天水) 句型转换。
66. Li Ziqi has made some excellent videos about Chinese
culture.（改为一般疑问句）
_________ Li Ziqi made ________ excellent videos about
Chinese culture?
Has any
考点二：特殊疑问句
1. 特殊疑问词
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}类别
疑问词
含义及用法
疑问代词
what
什么，询问职业、身份、观点、日期等（无选择范围）
which
哪一个，询问特定的人或物（有选择范围）
who
谁，询问人或身份
疑问副词
when
什么时候，询问时间
where
哪里，询问地点、位置　
why
为什么，询问原因
how
如何，询问方式
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}类别
疑问词组
how soon, how long, how far, how often, what class, what time, what color, how old, how many, how much
(2020·云南)
23. —________was the car invented?
— It was invented in 1885.
A. When B. Which C. Who D. Where
(2020湖北宜昌)
30. —______ did the rules about keeping civilized dogs（文明
养狗）come out in Yichang?
—I’m not sure about the exact date but I totally agree.
A. Why B. When C. Who D. What
A
B
(2020上海)
33. —_________ is in charge of the summer concert?
—Jessie. She has a lot of experience.
A. Where B. Why C. What D. Who
(2020贵州黔南)
33. —Mike, _____ will the new science museum be built?
—It will be built in the center of the city.
A. when B. where C. what D. why
D
B
(2020湖北天门)
28. —_______ do you go to the library?
—Twice a week.
A. How soon B. How long C. How often D. How far
C
(2020四川遂宁)
25. —______ do you visit your grandmother in the
countryside?
—Once a month.
A. How far B. How long C. How soon D. How often
D
(2020四川达州)
26. —_______ is your school from your home, Gina?
—Only ten minutes’ walk.
A. How long B. How far
C. How many D. How soon
(2020北京)
5. —_______ do you visit your grandparents, Tom?
—Twice a month.
A. How much B. How often C. How long D. How soon
B
B
(2020甘肃武威)
—______ have you kept this book?
—For two months.
A. How soon B. How old C. How long D. How often
(2020四川乐山)
34. — ________ does the London Eye take you above
the River Thames?
— One hundred and thirty-five metres.
A. How long B. How high C. How heavy
C
A
(2020辽宁抚顺、本溪、辽阳)
—Dad, _______ will my mom come back? I miss her
very much.
—In a month.
A. How soon B. how often C. how long D. how far
A
根据汉语提示完成句子, 每空一词。
(2020江苏南通)
62. The Bridge connecting Nantong to Zhangjiagang
is 11,072 metres long. (对划线部分提问)
_________ ________ is the bridge connecting
Nantong to Zhangjiagang?
(2020上海)
63. Lee has helped the local people sell their products
since he returned to his hometown. (对划线部分提问).
_________ _________ has Lee helped the local people
sell their products?
How long
How long
(2020黑龙江绥化)
69. People will have robots at home in 20 years.
（对划线部分提问）
_______ _______ will people have robots at home?
(2020重庆中考A卷)
The dictionary cost him 120 yuan.（对划线部分提问）
________ ________ did the dictionary cost him?
How soon
How much
(2020重庆中考B卷)
70. Uncle Zhu is making a vegetable salad for dinner now.
（对划线部分提问）
_____ _____ Uncle Zhu making for dinner now?
What is
考点三：选择疑问句
1. 概念：说话者提供两种或两种以上的情况， 供对方选
择其一的疑问句
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}形式
例句
一般疑问句＋选择项＋ or＋选择项
—Is he tall or short?
—He isn't tall or short. He is of
medium height
特殊疑问句＋ 选择项＋ or＋选择项？
—Which season do you like better,
summer or winter?
—I like winter better.
2. 对选择疑问句的回答：
选择疑问句不用yes或no回答，可用完整的陈述句或其简略形式作答，也可用不定代词all, either, neither或none作答，只要根据实际情况回答即可。如：
—Which teacher will you miss the most after junior high
school, Miss Zhang or Miss Wu？
—Both.
1. Which club do you prefer to join, the chess club ______
the dancing club? (2020上海)
A. so B. but C. or D. for
C
2. —Do you like rock music or light music?
—______ . I like pop music.
A. Both B. None
C. Neither D. Either
(2019 湖北随州)
C
3. —Do you prefer to hang out with friends
or stay alone?
— ______. I’m an outgoing girl.
(2018 青海)
A. Yes, I do B. Neither
C. I like to go out with my friends
C
4. —Lucy, do you want to join the art club
or the chess club?
—______. I like drawing pictures.
(2018 吉林长春)
A. Yes, I do B. The art club
C. No, I don’t D. The chess club
B
考点四：反意疑问句
1. 概念：附加在陈述句后的简单问句，又称附加疑问句。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}形式
例句
肯定陈述句＋否定附加疑问句
Lucy often goes to school on foot, doesn’t she?
否定陈述句＋肯定附加疑问句
You haven’t finished your work, have you?
Let's/ Let us 祈使句，shall we/ will you？
Let’s have a rest, shall we?
Let us check the answer again, will you？
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}形式
例句
肯定（否定）祈使句, will you?
Be sure to come on time, will you?
I (don’t) think/ believe /guess/
expect... 等引导的宾语从句，后面的附加疑问句部分应与宾语从句相对应
I don’t believe that he can translate this book, can he?
2. 反意疑问句的回答
对反意疑问句的回答，不管陈述部分是肯定句还是否定句，若事实是肯定的，答语就要用Yes；若事实是否定的，答语就要用No。注意在“前否后肯”的反意疑问句的答语中，Yes意为“不”，No意为“是的”。如：
—He didn’t go to the meeting, did he？
—Yes, he did.
(2020湖北鄂州)
32. —She’s never heard of Abing, ________ she?
—________. She said that his piece, Erquan Yingyue was
her favorite music.
A. is; Yes, she is B. has; Yes, she has
C. hasn't; No, she hasn't D. isn't; No, she isn't
B
(2020青海)
34 . —What a fine day！Let’s go for a picnic, _______?
—Sounds like a good idea.
A. shall we B. don’t we C. can we
(2020四川遂宁)
28. Tom hardly eats breakfast, _______?
A. isn’t he B. is he C. doesn’t he D. does he
A
D
(2020甘肃天水)
46. Let’s meet at the school gate, ________?
A. shall we B. shall you C. will we D. will you
(2020四川达州中考)
87. David can hardly speak Chinese. (改为反意疑问句)
David can hardly speak Chinese, ________ ________?
A
can he
祈使句
祈使句表示命令、建议、请求或劝告等，通常省略主语，谓语动词用原形。常见的句型结构，具体如下：
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}形式
结构
例句
肯定
形式
（Please＋）动词原形
Put away your things.
Do＋动词原形（加强语气，表示“务必，一定”）
Do come on time！
Do look out！
Let＋宾语＋动词原形
Let's have another try.
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}形式
结构
例句
否定
形式
Don't＋动词原形
Don't open the window.
No＋名词/动名词
No photos！
No parking！
Don't let＋宾语＋动词原形＝ Let＋宾语＋not＋动词原形
Don't let him go there alone.＝Let him not go there alone.
祈使句的回答用一般将来时。如：
— Please remember to bring my notebook to school.
— OK, I will.
“祈使句， and/or＋陈述句（表结果）”结构。如：
Take the chance, or you will regret.
注意：
(2020辽宁营口)
4. —______ the dishes after dinner, Tony.
—No problem, Mom.
A. Washing B. Washes C. To wash D. Wash
(2020四川凉山)
42.?When?I?want?to?go?out?to?play?with?my?friends,?my?mother?
always?says, “______at?home.?Don’t?waste?your?time.”
A.?Stay? B.?Stays C.?To?stay D.?Staying
D
A
(2020湖南湘西)
30. Please _____ the rubbish into different litter
bins according to the signs.
A. puts B. put C. to put
(2020湖南邵阳)
28. —How can I avoid the illness, Sir?
—______ a mask when going out and wash
hands with soap.
A. Wears B. Wear C. To wear
A
B
(2020上海)
41. —Tom, _________ here to carry the luggage
upstairs for me, will you?
—All right.
A. come B. came C. coming D. to come
(2020黑龙江绥化)
24. _______ walk on the grass.
A. Doesn’t B. Don’t C Not
A
B
(2020湖南长沙)
23. _______ your smartphones, and read for at least
30 minutes every day! You know, reading helps
us to deepen our spiritual world.
A. Put away B. To put away C. Putting away
A
(2020贵州黔南)
72. You shouldn’t walk across the road when
the light is red. (改为祈使句)
_____ _____ across the road when the light
it red!
Don’t walk
(2020贵州黔西南州)
72. You shouldn’t tell lies to others and learn to be
honest!（改为祈使句）
_________ ________ lies to others and learn to
be honest!
Don’t tell
感叹句
感叹句表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈的感情，一般由what或how引导，句末用感叹号。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}形式
结构
例句
what引导
What+ a/an +形容词+可数名词单数（＋主语 ＋谓语）！
What a beautiful city！
多美的一座城市啊
What+形容词+可数名词复数（＋主语＋谓语）！
What interesting books (they are)！
多么有趣的书啊！
What＋形容词＋不可数名词（＋主语＋谓语）！
What nice music (it is)！
多么美妙的音乐啊！
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}形式
结构
例句
How
引导
How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
How strong he is！他多么强壮啊
How＋形容词＋a/an/the＋可数名词单数（＋主语＋谓语）！
How careful a girl （she is）！
她是个多细心的女孩啊！
How＋主语＋谓语！
How time flies！时光飞逝！
感叹句，表情感，How与What放句前。名词词组跟What，How与形副紧相连。为使句子更简洁，主谓部分可省略。
（2020·云南昆明）
32. —________ rapid progress our country is making in
science and technology!
—So it is. We are enjoying the convenience of modern
technology.
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
B
(2020辽宁营口)
14. —______ special class we had today! We have learned
about Chinese Kungfu.
—That sounds really interesting.
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
(2020湖北恩施)
32. —Can you imagine all these are made by an 8-year-old girl？
— _______ clever girl!
A. How B. How a C. What a
D
B
(2020黑龙江哈尔滨)
— wonderful the music is!
—Yes. It makes me relaxed after a busy day.
A. How B. What a C. How a
(2020湖北鄂州)
—________ unusual year 2020 is!
—Yeah! The pandemic (大疫情) is a challenge not
only to China but also to the world.
A. What B. What an C. What a D. How
A
B
(2020山东滨州)
— The little boy is only three years old, but he
can memorize about 50 poems.
— __________ talented boy he is!
A. How B. How a C. What a D. What
C
(2020甘肃白银)
3. Tom works really hard.（改为感叹句）
______ ______ Tom works!
(2020江苏南通)
64. It is fine weather to row a boat on the lake. (改
为感叹句)
_______ ______ weather it is to row a
boat on the lake!
How hard
What fine
(2020上海)
64. The volunteer worked hard to get more
kids back to school. (改为感叹句)
_________ _________ the volunteer worked
to get more kids back to school!
(2020贵州黔南)
73. What beautiful flowers they are! (改为感叹
句)
_______ ________ the flowers are!
How hard
How beautiful
(2020贵州黔西南州)
73. What a clean classroom it is!（改为感叹句）
_________ _________ the classroom is!
(2020新疆)
79. Holly’s mother made delicious zongzi yesterday.
(改为感叹句)
_______ _______ zongzi Holly’s mother made
yesterday!
How clean
What delicious