湖南中考专题第三轮总复习 第一讲 新题型语法填空做题技巧（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第一讲
新题型语法填空做题技巧(一)
根据设题类型，语法填空又可分为有提示词试题和纯空格试题两类。
有提示词试题侧重考查动词、名词、形容词、副词以及词性转换。
而纯空格试题侧重考查冠词、介词、连词和代词。
(一)提示性填空的解题技巧
　　技巧一：若提示词为动词，则先要进行两个步骤：首先将有横线的部分以句子为单位进行划分，其次标出句子中动词。
　　1.若句中无谓语动词，说明所给提示词则为句子谓语动词。则需考虑谓语动词的时态、语态以及主谓一致;1）若句中出现表示过去式的时间状语如last
night,
yesterday,
则就将提示词变成过去式；2）若是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词也应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：
一）一般在词后加s。如：comes,
spells,
waits,
talks,
sees,
dances,
trains
二）在x,
sh,
ch,
s,
ch后加es。如：watches,
washes,
wishes,
finishes
三）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies,
hurry-hurries,
try-tries；
以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays,
says,
stays,
enjoys,
buys；
以o结尾加es。如：does,
goes；
特殊的有：be-is,
have-has
如果空格前是助动词、情态动词或是动词加to的形式，则空格一定是动词原形。例如can,will等情态动词后加动词原形。
例1：He____
(come)
to
school
early
this
morning.
解析：题目中的this
morning过去式，所以把come-came　　
例2：She
_____(like)
playing
sports
every
day.
解析every
day
表明句子是一般现在时，然后结合主语she把like
变为likes.
2.若句中已经有一个谓语动词，而且没有连词，则所给提示词为非谓语动词，需考虑非谓语动词，包括V-ing形式、V-ed形式和动词不定式(to
do)。做题时确定所给出的词与其所修饰的词或其逻辑主语的关系。
1)如果与中心词是主动关系，一般用现在分词V-ing形式。现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：
一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling,
sing-singing,
see-seeing,
train-training,
play-playing,
hurry-hurrying,
watch-watching,
go-going,
do-doing
二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing,
wake-waking,
take-taking,
practice-practicing,
write-writing,
have-having
三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show
–showing,
draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting,
run-running,
get-getting,
let-letting,
begin-beginning
四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系
die-dying死
lie-lying
位于
2)如果与中心词是被动关系，一般用V-ed形式。
一般情况下加ed，如watched,
planted,
watered,
pulled,
climbed,
picked。
以不发音字母e结尾的加d，如liked,
moved,
tasted。
以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加ed，如study——studied。
以1个元音字母加1个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母再加ed，如stop——stopped。
3)
如果表示将来，一般用动词不定式。
例3：
He
spit
it
out,_____
(say)
it
was
awful.
解析：用saying一方面是表示伴随着spit
it
out
(?http:?/??/?www.?/?s?q=spit
it
out&ie=utf-8&src=wenda_link"
\t
"http:?/??/?wenda.?/?q?/?_blank?)这一动作同时发生的，另一方面也是表示主动语态
(?http:?/??/?www.?/?s?q=%E4%B8%BB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81&ie=utf-8&src=wenda_link"
\t
"http:?/??/?wenda.?/?q?/?_blank?)，动作是he发出的。所以答案是saying
例4：
His
first
book____
(publish)
next
month
is
based
on
a
true
story.
解析：本题中时间是next
month,
发生在将来,再结合书是被出版的，所以答案为to
be
published
技巧二：若提示词为名词，则需考虑：
(1)可数名词或是不可数名词;
不可数名词，则不做变化
可数名词单数或复数,可数名词单数变复数的规则如下：
一）在后面加s。如：fathers,
books,
Americans,
Germans,
apples,
bananas
二）x,
sh,
ch,
s,
ch后加es。如：boxes,
glasses,
dresses,
watches,
wishes,
faxes
三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es
如：baby-babies,
family-families
2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days,
boy-boys,
toy-toys,
key-keys,
ways
四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios,
photos,
但如是辅音加o的加es：如:
tomatoes西红柿,
potatoes马铃薯
五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives,
wife-wives,
half-halves,
shelf-shelves,
leaf-leaves,
yourself-yourselves
例5：Tom
likes
______(tomato)
noodles.
解析：这道题主要修饰的是noodles,直接填tomato就可以了，很多同学会误填为tomatoes忽略了它用来修饰noodles.
技巧三：若提示词为形容词，副词则需考虑：
1)形容词修饰名词;
如
a
______（漂亮的）girl,答案为beautiful,
用形容词来修饰名词girl.
2)副词修饰动词、形容词及整个句子;一般情况下加ly，一）.一般情况下直接加“ly”，如quick---quickly
二）.以“y”结尾的,先将“y”改成“i”,再加“ly”，如happy---happily
少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。例如：true-truly等。
但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。例如：polite-politely,
wide-widely等。
3)形容词和副词的比较级、最高级。
一）
一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest,
shorter
–shortest,
taller
–tallest,
longer
–longest,
nicer-
nicest,
larger
-largest
二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer
fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er
/est。如：big-bigger
biggest,
red-redder
reddest,
hot-hotter
hottest
三）
以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier
happiest,
sorry-sorrier
sorriest,friendly-friendlier
friendliest(more
friendly
most
friendly),
busy-busier
busiest,
easy-easier
easiest
四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)
good/well
-
better
best
many/much
-
more
most
bad/ill
–
worse
worst
little-
less
least
old-
older/elder
oldest/eldest
far-
farther/further
farthest/furthest
五）多音节单词直接加more
或者most
例6：Tom
is
_____(hard)
than
Tim.
解析：首先这道题是两个人之间做比较，所以要用比较级，hard的比较级harder.
技巧四：若考查括号内给出单词的其他形式，通过分析句子结构，判断句子缺少什么成分(修饰什么词)，再用正确的单词形式补充完整。介词、冠词、所有格后接名词、形容词修饰名词、副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子。该空同时考查学生的单词拼写能力。
名词的格如何变化：名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：
一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s,
Mike’s,
teacher’s
二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’
Day教师节,
classmates’;
Children’s
Day六一节,
Women’
s
Day三八节
三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike
and
Ben’s
room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike’s
and
Ben’s
rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）
例7：Today
is
June
1st,
and
it’s____(child)
Day.
解析：6月1日是儿童节，所以答案为Children’s
Day　　
例8：It
is
Tom
and
Tim’s
_____
(room)
解析：因为所有格放在Tim的后面，表示两者共有的房间，所以为一间，答案为room
纯空格题的解题技巧
纯填空题考查点包括：冠词、介词、代词连词、副词、助动词/情态动词、从句引导词等,以虚词为主且每空只填一词。
冠词
a/an/the的基本用法及特殊用法
介词
动词、名词、形容词与介词搭配；固定短语中的介词
人称代词
人称代词的数、格；固定短语中的代词
并列连词或从属连词
and,but,yet,or,so；状语从句中的代词
行文逻辑副词
instead,besides,however,therefore等
情态动词或助动词
情态动词、助动词的基本用法
从句引导词
定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句的引导词
技巧一：若判断为介词则需考虑：
(1)介词的基本用法;介词+动词-ing
(2)固定搭配。如.in
the
morning/
afternoon/
evening/，.at
+
时刻表示钟点
例9：Nowadays,
many
parents
are
against
_____(watch)
TV
at
night.
解析：看横线处前面是against是介词，后加动词-ing,所以答案为watching.
技巧二：若判断为代词则需找出代词所指代的名词，根据其在句中所充当的成分确定用哪个代词。
　　1.如果空格后是名词，就应该考虑空格处是否用物主代词(my，
your，
his等)、指示代词(this，
that等)、名词所有格或形容词等进行修饰。
例10：This
is
___
(I)
book,
because
my
name
is
on
it.
解析：横线后是book名词，然后词根是I，就可以想到my,用形容词性的物主代词来修饰名词　　
2.“it”做形式主语及形式宾语。
1).
it用作形式主语
当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。如：
It’s
a
pity
to
refuse.
拒绝是令人遗憾的。
注：It
is
said
/
reported
/
believed
/
understood
that…
这类结构中的
it
也是形式主语。如：
It’s
reported
that
two
people
were
injured
in
the
accident.
据报导这次事故中有两人受伤。
2).
it用作形式宾语
当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。如：
I
find
it
easy
to
get
on
with
her.
我发现她很容易相处。
注意：初中还学到几个固定句型；
It
is
+adj.
+to
do
sth.
It
takes
time
to
do
sth.
find
it
+adj.+to
do
sth.
技巧三：若判断为冠词则需考虑：
(1)如果空格后是单数可数名词，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填不定冠词(a，
an);
（2）如果空格后是序数词、最高级或提及上文提到过的人或物等时，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填定冠词(the);
(3)还有一些固定搭配需要注意。
例11：Tom,___7-year-old
boy,entered
a
hotel
coffee
shop.
解析：根据句子意思，可知，Tom
一个七岁的男孩，所以就用a
不论怎样，解题的方法多种多样，但切实要让学生做到灵活运用，才能达到语法练习的效果。
语法填空--真题篇
阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中单词的正确形式。
1.
【2020·浙江衢州市·中考真题】
Mr
Happy
always
woke
up
with
a
sunny
smile.
He
was
one
of
the
most
cheerful1．（man）
in
the
world.
His
smile
was
even
2
（bright）than
the
sun.
However,
He
had
one
secret
that
made
him
sad,
but
nobody
knew
about
it.
Then
one
day,
while
going
out
3
a
walk,Mr
Happy
met
Miss
Beautiful.Mr
Happy
smiled
as
usual
and
Miss
Beautiful
smiled
back.But
then
she
stopped
and
looked
at
Mr
Happy4
（angry）．
"How
rude!"
she
shouted."Young
man,
don't
you
know
that
you
should
raise
your
hat
5
you
meet
a
lady!"
For
6
first
time
in
his
life,
Mr
Happy
lost
his
smile."I'm
sorry,
Miss
Beautiful."
replied
Mr
Happy,"But
without
7
（I）hat
on,
I'm
not
very
good-looking
and
that
makes
me
sad.
"Really？"
asked
Miss
Beautiful."Well,
let
me
see.
I
promise8
（keep）the
secret.
Mr
Happy9
（lift）
his
hat.
He
had
the
total
of
only
three
hairs
on
his
head!
"Is
that
all
you're
worried
about？"
asked
Miss
Beautiful."
Why？Your
bright
sunny
smile
10
（love）by
everybody,
not
how
many
hairs
you
have!"
Miss
Beautiful
smiled.
Ever
since
that
day,
Mr
Happy
hasn't
stopped
smiling.
He
is
always
quick
to
raise
his
hat
to
everyone
he
meets.
1.____________
2.____________
3.____________
4.____________
5.____________
6.____________
7.____________
8.____________
9.____________
10.___________
2.
【2020·湖北荆州市·中考真题】
The
literature
in
Chinese
history
developed
very
well.
More
and
more
writers
started
to
write
for
11
[?k?m?n]
people.
They
used
simple
language
to
reflect
the
real-life
problems.
Ouyang
Xiu
was
one
of
the
most
famous
12
（one）.
His
famous
piece
Old
Oil
Seller
tells
the
story
of
“Practice
13
（make）perfect”.
Let’s
enjoy
it
together.
Once
there
lived
an
officer,
Chen
Yaozi.
He
was
very
good
14
shooting
arrows（箭）.
His
shooting
skill
was
15
good
that
no
one
could
beat
him.
He
was
very
proud.
One
day,
he
was
practicing
shooting
in
the
yard.
There
was
an
old
oil
seller
passing
by.
He
stopped
and
looked
for
a
while.
Chen
shot
and
hit
the
target（靶子）
16
（success）.
He
was
very
satisfied
with
17
（he）.
But
the
old
man
didn’t
seem
surprised
at
all.
Chen
asked,
“Do
you
understand
how
to
shoot
arrows?
Am
I
not
good
enough?”
The
old
man
replied,
“That’s
nothing.
All
it
takes
is
practice.
”
“18
dare
you
look
down
upon
my
shooting!”
“Sir,
I
just
know
it
through
my
own
experience.”
Then
the
old
oil
seller
took
out
a
gourd（葫芦）.
He
19
（put）a
copper
coin（铜钱）on
the
mouth
of
it
and
started
to
pour
oil.
The
coin
was
not
wet
at
all.
Chen
was
too
surprised
20
/say/
a
word.
“That’s
nothing.
Simply
because
I
practiced
a
lot.
”
The
old
man
smiled.
1.____________
2.____________
3.____________
4.____________
5.____________
6.____________
7.____________
8.____________
9.____________
10.___________
3.
【2020·宁夏中考真题】
Li
Wen
is
a
15-year-old
boy.
He
works
hard
and
21
（do）well
in
school.
It
is
hard
to
believe,
that
he
used
to
have
22
（difficulty）in
school.
When
he
was
a
little
boy,
he
seldom
caused
any
problems,
and
his
family
23
（spend）a
lot
of
time
together.
24
,
things
began
to
change
a
few
years
ago.
His
parents
moved
to
the
city
to
work,
and
they
could
not
be
at
home
to
look
25
him.
So
he
became
less
interested
in
26
（study）and
was
absent
from
classes.
Then
his
parents
were
so
worried
27
they
decided
to
send
him
to
a
boarding
school.
He
found
life
there
difficult.
One
day
he
told
his
teacher
that
he
wanted
to
leave
the
school.
His
teacher
advised
his
parents
to
talk
with
28
（they）son
in
person.
This
conversation
changed
his
life.
He
realized
that
his
parents
would
always
love
him,
and
they
would
be
29
（pride）of
everything
good
that
he
did.
Now
he
is
much
30
（happy）and
more
outgoing
than
he
used
to
be.
1.____________
2.____________
3.____________
4.____________
5.____________
6.____________
7.____________
8.____________
9.____________
10.___________
4.
【2020·广西玉林市·中考真题】
The
story
took
place
two
years
ago.
I
was
in
1
fifth
grade.
That
year,
I
was
only
11
years
old,
a
little
girl.
One
night,
my
2
（father）car
was
broken
by
a
thief.
Even
worse,
all
of
the
things
in
the
car
3
（steal）,
including
my
schoolbag.
It
had
my
small
drawing
board,
school
textbooks
and
notebooks
in
it.
I
was
really
sad.
I
had
to
go
to
school
4
nothing
the
next
day.
My
teacher,
Miss
Taylor,
was
very
kind
to
me.
She
gave
me
a
new
drawing
board
after
I
told
her
what
had
happened.
She
also
handed
me
some
crayons.
She
asked
me
5
I'd
like
to
draw
something
on
the
drawing
board.
I
didn't
have
any
ideas.
But
I
really
thanked
her
for
her
kindness.
I
didn't
start
to
draw
anything
yet,
something
even
6
（good）happened.
Miss
Taylor
got
a
call
from
the
office.
After
she
put
down
the
phone,
she
said
with
7
（excite）.
"Helen,
a
miracle（奇迹）has
happened!
Someone
found
your
bag!"
I
ran
to
the
office
and
got
my
schoolbag.
When
I
opened
it,
I
saw
that
all
my
things
were
still
inside.
A
teacher
in
the
office
said,
"You
are
8
（luck）.
A
couple
found
your
schoolbag
on
the
side
of
the
road,
and
they
found
the
address
on
your
drawing
board.
So
they39．（bring）the
bag
to
school
just
now.”
It
shows
that
there
are
lots
of
people
who
are
kind.
There
is
no
need
for
us
10
(lose)
faith
just
because
of
one
bad
apple.
The
world
is
still
so
beautiful.
1.____________
2.____________
3.____________
4.____________
5.____________
6.____________
7.____________
8.____________
9.____________
10.___________
5.
【2020·山东淄博市·中考真题】
Venice
is
considered
to
be
one
of
the
most
1
（beauty）cities
in
the
world.
It
has
been
known
as
the
"City
of
Canals（运河）,
"City
of
Bridges"
and"
City
of
Water".
The
city
is
made
up
of
about
100
42
（island）,
150
canals,
and
400
bridges.
There
3
（be）no
roads
in
the
city,
so
there
are
no
cars.
The
only
forms
of
transportation（交通）are
on
water
and
4
foot.
There
are
roads,
a
train
station,
5
an
airport
at
the
edge（边缘）of
the
city.
One
of
the
famous
symbols
of
Venice
is
a
"gondola（平底船）".
Gondolas
are
still
used
today,
though
6
（main）by
tourists.
All
Venice
gondolas
are
painted
black-it
was
a
law
that
was
passed
in
the
7
（sixteen）century.
Most
Venetians
travel
by
water
buses
called
"vaporetti".
Venice
has
one
of
the
world's
most
famous
bridges
8
（call）the
Rialto
Bridge,
built
in
1591.
Venezuela,
a
county
in
South
9
（American）,
means
"little
Venice".
This
is
because
the
early
European
visitors
to
Venezuela
first
met
the
local
people
who
lived
in
homes
built
over
the
water,
reminding
10
（they）of
Venice.
1.____________
2.____________
3.____________
4.____________
5.____________
6.____________
7.____________
8.____________
9.____________
10.___________
6.
【2020·四川德阳市·中考真题】
Imagine
that
you
are
running
in
a
park
on
a
very
hot
day.
Will
you
feel
tired?
The
answer
is
yes.
But
besides
1
feeling
of
being
tired,
I
believe
most
people
will
feel
thirsty
soon.
You
will
feel
much
2
（good）right
away
after
you
drink
some
water.
Your
body
needs
water,
so
it
tells
you
to
drink.
It's
simple,
right?
Actually,
it's
not
3
（real）simple.
There
is
a
special
part
in
our
brains.
When
our
blood
is
too
salty,
it
says,
"Drink!"
4
we
drink,
it
is
quiet.
Water
does
not
go
into
our
blood
right
away.
However,
our
brains
still
know
that
We
5
（drink）before.
How?
When
you
swallow（吞）fast,
your
brain
knows
and
thinks
you
are
drinking
water.
If
you
drink
something
else,
your
brain
will
still
be
quiet.
It
will
still
think
you
are
drinking
water.
Maybe
you
drink
cola
or
even
oil.
You
will
stop6
（feel）thirsty.
But
in
fact,
drinking
those
things
is
not
good
7
you
when
you
feel
thirsty.
You
should
just
drink
water
because
your
body
needs
it
most.
How
much
water
should
we
drink
each
day?
Here
are
doctors'58．（opinion）.
Some
doctors
advise
9
（we）
to
drink
eight
cups
of
water
every
day,
while
other
doctors
say
that's
too
much.
On
a
hot
day,
you
lose
a
lot
of
water.
So,
maybe
you
should
drink
more.
Every
person's
body
has
10
（difference）needs.
1.____________
2.____________
3.____________
4.____________
5.____________
6.____________
7.____________
8.____________
9.____________
10.___________
新题型语法填空做题技巧（一）参考答案
【2020·浙江衢州市·中考真题】
1.men
2.brighter
3.for
4.angrily
5.when/as/if
6.the
7.my
8.to
keep
9.lifted
10.is
loved
【2020·湖北荆州市·中考真题】
1.common
2.ones
3.makes
4.at
5.so
6.successfully
7.himself
8.How
9.put
10.to
say
【2020·宁夏中考真题】
1.does
2.difficulties
3.spent
4.However
5.after
6.studying
7.that
8.their
9.proud
10.happier
【2020·广西玉林市·中考真题】
1.the
2.father’s
3.were
stolen
4.with
5.if/whether
6.better
7.excitement
8.lucky
9.brought
10.to
lose
【2020·山东淄博市·中考真题】
1.beautiful
2.islands
3.are
4.on
5.and
6.mainly
7.sixteenth
8.called
9.America
10.them
6.
【2020·四川德阳市·中考真题】
1.the
2.better
3.really
4.After
5.have
drunk
6.feeling
7.for
8.opinions
9.us
10.different
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