冠词的用法

冠词的用法
冠词是一种虚词，是最典型的限定词，本身不能单独使用，只能附在一个名词上帮助说明名词的含义。是名词的一种标志。英语中的冠词有定冠词the和不定冠词a 、an两种：a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元音音素开头的词前。不定冠词仅用在可数名词单数前。用来表示“—”的意思，但不强调数的观念，只说明名词为不特定者。定冠词则表示名词为特定者。表示“这，这些，那，那些”的意思，在可数名词单，复数前和不可数名词前都可以用。
1. 不定冠词的基本用法
（1） 不定冠词有a和an两种：a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元音音素开头的词前。例如：a boy, a city, a girl, a useful animal , an old man, an honest boy, a bad apple, a tall elephant
（2） 用来表示“—”的意思，但不强调数的观念，只说明名词为不特定者。即不具体说明是何人何物。例如：
A teacher is looking for you.
We work five days a week.
（3）不定冠词含有“—”的意思，但数量观念没有one强烈，在句子里边一般可以不必译出，但若有“一个”的意思则译出，例如：
—— An orange is good for you. 桔子对你有好处。
—— How much is it 多少钱？
——Two yuan a kilo. 二元一公斤。
（4）一般用在可数名词单数前，指人或事物的某一种类。例如：
Bill is a student.
Pass me an apple, please.
例外：I have never seen such a fine film.
（5）用在某些固定词组中。例如：
a lot of, a moment ago, a few, a little
2. 定冠词的用法
（1）特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。 例如：
The book on the desk is mine.
Show me the photo of the boy, please.
（2）指双方都知道的人或事物。 例如：
Open the door, please. 请开门。
Did you see the boy 你看见那个男孩了吗？
What’s the new teacher’s name 新老师的名字叫什么？
（3）指上文提到的人或事物。例如：
He lives on a farm. The farm is not big.
他住在农场，这农场不大。
There are some dogs. The dogs are very lovely.
这儿有一些狗。这些狗很可爱。
（4）用在世界上独一无二的事物前。例如：
The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮大些。
但这些名词作为描绘性定语时，可用不定冠词。例如：
Look! A red sun is rising. 瞧！一轮红日正在升起。
（5）用在序数词和形容词最高级前。例如：
The first island is the biggest of the three.第一个小岛是三个中最大的。
（6）用在用普通名词构成的党派，国家等专有名词以及江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾等专有名词前。例如：
They will visit the Great Wall next week.
They came to the United States of America last year.
The Communist Party of China was founded on July 1st, 1921.
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
（7）用在形容词前表示一类人，the +形容词指的是一群人，是一种复数含义，所以其后动词应用复数形式。例如：
The old are sick.
（8）用在姓名复数形式前表示一家人。例如：
The Smiths have moved to London.
（9）用在某些习惯用语中。例如：
in the morning, on the left, the day before yesterday, all the same
三、不用冠词的情况
（1）星期、月份、季节、节日前一般不用冠词。但是中国传统节日前习惯用冠词。例如：
All of us like the spring festival. 我们喜欢春节。
It’s Sunday today. 今天是星期天。
He was born on June 12, 1999. 他出生于1999年6月12日。
Today is Father’s Day. 今天是父亲节。
If winter comes, can spring be far behind 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？
但是如果被一个限制性定语修饰或有表示继续的介词during, through
时与表示一段特定的时间，则在季节前要加定冠词。例如：
She came to Shanghai in the spring of 1987.
她是一九八七年春天来上海的。
The school was completed in the September of 2000.
这学校是2000年9月落成的。
He swims every day during the summer. 他夏天的每一天都游泳。
虽不特指某一年的季节，但说话人把某季节看作一年的一部分，即一年的某一段时间。则在季节前要加定冠词。例如：
We play football in the winter.
（2）在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如：
Mr. Li is our headmaster. 李先生是我们的校长。
After lunch Aunt Huang came in. 午饭后黄阿姨来了。
（3）各词复数表示一类人或事物时。但若各词复数被一个限制性定语修饰，则要加定冠词the. 例如：
I like cakes very much. 我非常喜欢蛋糕。
My father and mother are the doctors in People’s Hospital of Shanghai.
（4）在三餐饭，球类运动与棋类游戏，学科名称的名词前。但若表示某一种或某一个特定的概念时用冠词。例如：
He had supper with us yesterday. It’s a very good supper.
他昨天和我们吃晚饭，这是一顿丰盛的晚餐。
My brother likes to play football. 我兄弟喜欢踢足球。
Let’s go and watch them play chess. 让我们去看他们下棋。
（5）在物质名词，抽象名词，人名，地名等专有名词和不可数名词前. 但若不可数各词有其它限制词修饰时，则要加定冠词the. 例如:
Smith is our teacher. 史密思是我们的老师。
Milk is good for us. 牛奶对我们有好处。
The water in the pool is very dirty. 坑里的水很脏。
（6）名词前已有作定语的this、that、my、your、some、any、等限定词时。例如:
Come this way, please.
I’ve some question to ask you.
My brother is a student. 冠词练习题
1 ___ people attended the meeting last night.
A A hundred B Hundred C Hundreds of
2 He has already worked for ___ hour.
A the B an C a
3 He wrote a ___ report.
A two-thousand-words B two-thousand-word
C two-thousands-word D two-thousands-words
4 John is ___ university student.
A some B any C a D an
5 That table is made of ___.
A a wood B some wood C the wood D wood
6 He is a student of ___.
A Class First B the Class One
C Class One D First Class
7 I have been waiting for him for ___ hour and a half.
A the B a C an D whole
8 John Smith is ___ honest man.
A one B an C the D a
9 My father told me he was soon going to visit ___.
A the United State B the United States
C United States D Unites Stated
10 We are going to learn ___ next week.
A Lesson Twelve B Lesson Twelfth
C Twelfth Lesson D the Lesson Twelfth
11 About __ of the workers in that steel workers young people.
A third-fifths B three-fifths
C three-fives D three-fifth
12 Two ___ died of cold last winter.
A hundreds old people B hundred old people
C hundreds old peoples D hundred old peoples
13 Alice is fond of playing ___ piano while Henry is interested in listening to ___ music.
A /; the B /; / C the; / D the; the
14 Oh John ___ you gave us!
A How a pleasant surprise B How pleasant surprise
C What a pleasant surprise D What pleasant surprise
15 Beyond ___ stars , the astronaut saw nothing but ___ space.
A the; / B /; the C /; / D the; the
16 Alexander Graham Bell invented ___ telephone in 1876.
A (不填) B a C the D one
17 The hero of the story is an artist in his ___.
A thirtieth B thirty C thirty’s D thirties
18 ___ terrible weather we’ve been having these days!
A How a B What a C How D What
19 Shortly after the accident, two ___ police were sent to the spot to keep order.
A dozen of B dozens C dozen D dozens of
20 ---Where’s Jack --- I think he’s still in ___ bed, but he might just be in ___ bathroom.
A (不填)；（不填） B the; the
C the; (不填) D（不填）; the
21 Many people are still in ___ habit of writing silly things in ___ public places.
A the; the B 不填；不填
C the; 不填 D 不填；the
22 She is ___ newcomer to ___ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.
A the; the B the; 不填 C a; 不填 D a; the
23 Don’t all speak at once! ___, please.
A Each at one time B One by one time
C One for each time D One at a time
24 Many people agree that ___ knowledge of English is must in ___ international trade today.
A a; 不填 B the; an
C the; the D 不填;the
答案：1-5 CBBCD 6-10 CCBBA 11-15 BBCCA
16-20 CDDCD 21-24 CCDA