重难增分二 非谓语动词
非谓语动词是历年高考的必考点，是做好语法填空和短文改错必备的知识。语法填空对非谓语动词的考查主要集中在非谓语动词作定语、宾语，此外非谓语动词作主语、表语、状语、补语也是高考语篇型语法填空的重点。短文改错主要集中在动词形式的错误上，如本该用动名词作主语却用了原形；在介词或某些动词后本该接动名词却用了谓语动词形式；本该用现在分词却用了过去分词。另外，不定式符号to的多用或少用也是常考点。
◎语法填空中的非谓语动词
[高考这样考]
1．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)As
well
as
looking
at
exhibits，visitors
can
play
with
computer
simulations(模拟)and
imagine
themselves
living
at
a
different
time
in
history
or
____________(walk)through
a
rainforest.
2．(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)A
90?year?old
has
been
awarded
“Woman
Of
The
Year”
for____________(be)Britain's
oldest
full?time
employee—still
working
40
hours
a
week.
3．(2019·高考浙江卷)One
study
in
America
found
that
students'
grades
improved
a
little
after
the
school
introduced
uniforms.But
some
students
didn't
want
____________(wear)the
uniform.
4．(2019·高考北京卷)Earth
Day，____________(mark)on
22
April，is
an
annual
event
aiming
to
raise
public
awareness
about
environmental
protection.
5．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ)According
to
a
review
of
evidence
in
a
medical
journal，runners
live
three
years
longer
than
non?runners.You
don't
have
to
run
fast
or
for
long
______________(see)the
benefit.
[题目这么解]
1．如何判定填非谓语动词：
(1)若句中已有谓语动词，且不存在并列谓语，空处很可能填非谓语动词；此时也可能涉及词性转换的问题，我们必须仔细分析句子结构，作出正确的判断；
(2)若句中已有谓语动词，而又没有连词(并列连词或从句连词)时，则所给动词一定用非谓语形式。
2．填什么样的非谓语动词：
(1)了解句法功能，判断非谓语动词：①作伴随状语时用现在分词；②作目的状语时用不定式(如T5)；③作介词宾语时用动名词(如T2)；④缺少主语时用v.?ing形式或不定式；⑤非谓语作表语时，指物用v.?ing形式，指人用v.?ed形式；
(2)理清逻辑关系：作状语时理清非谓语动词与主语之间的关系；作定语时理清与被修饰词之间的关系(如T4)；作宾语补足语时理清与宾语之间的逻辑关系。主谓关系首先考虑用v.?ing形式，动宾关系考虑用v.?ed形式；
(3)并列连词前后非谓语动词的形式要统一(如T1)；
(4)弄清一些重点动词的用法：有些动词后只能用不定式作宾语(如T3)，有些只能用动名词作宾语。
自我诊断：1.walking 2.being 3.to
wear
4．marked 5.to
see
[类题对点练]
1．Keepers
will
work
hard__to__help__(help)the
baby
panda
get
used
to
local
bamboo
and
other
Chinese
foods.
2．It
depends
on
each
and
every
one
of
us
to
find
a
solution—if
there
are
any
solutions__left(leave)to
find.
3．Biologists
found
that
about
three
quarters
of
bird
species
are
settling
in
North
America，accounting(account)for
more
than
90%of
the
entire
bird
population.
4．Raised(raise)in
the
poorest
area，he
had
a
long，hard
road
to
becoming
a
football
star.
5．Every
year，thousands
of
visitors
come
to
visit
the
old
temple
dating(date)from
the
ninth
century.
◎短文改错中的非谓语动词
[高考这样考]
1．(2020·高考全国卷Ⅲ)I
tell
my
mom
that
if
we're
forced
eat
things，we
may
become
ill.____________
2．(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ)All
the
football
players
on
the
playground
cheered
loudly，say
that
I
had
a
talent
for
football.____________
3．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ)My
grandpa
said
last
summer
they
earned
quite
a
lot
by
sell
the
fish.____________
4．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅱ)When
summer
comes，they
will
invite
their
students
pick
the
fresh
vegetables！____________
[题目这么解]
1．非谓语动词常设错误类型：谓语动词与非谓语动词的误用(如T2)；不定式符号to的多余与遗漏(如T1，T4)；to后跟动词原形或动名词的误用；介词后动词形式的误用(如T3)；现在分词与过去分词的误用。
2．非谓语动词解题方略：(1)分析其在句中的成分，根据成分判断形式；(2)介词后作宾语的动词形式为动名词；(3)现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”，不定式表示“将来”；(4)遇to
着重看，有没有to的省略或多余，是介词还是不定式符号。
自我诊断：1.forced后加to 2.say→saying 3.sell→selling 4.pick前加to
[类题对点练]
1．In
the
past，people
fastened
bamboo?made
whistles
onto
a
kite.While
flew
against
the
wind，it
produced
a
sound
like
the
music
produced
by
guzheng.
答案：In
the
past，people
fastened
bamboo?made
whistles
onto
a
kite.While
against
the
wind，it
produced
a
sound
like
the
music
produced
by
guzheng.
2．More
trees
and
flowers
planted，so
our
newly
built
school
looks
more
beautiful.
答案：More
trees
and
flowers
planted，或
our
newly
built
school
looks
more
beautiful.
3．Now，she
has
no
difficulty
at
all
communicate
with
foreign
friends
in
simple
oral
English.
答案：Now，she
has
no
difficulty
at
all
with
foreign
friends
in
simple
oral
English.
4．Some
of
us
were
confident
and
eager
take
part
in
the
class
activity；others
were
nervous
and
anxious.
答案：Some
of
us
were
confident
and
eager
take
part
in
the
class
activity；others
were
nervous
and
anxious.
5．The
Ancient
City
of
Pingyao，locating
in
China's
Shanxi
Province，is
a
well?preserved
example
of
a
traditional
Han
Chinese
city.
答案：The
Ancient
City
of
Pingyao，
in
China's
Shanxi
Province，is
a
well?preserved
example
of
a
traditional
Han
Chinese
city.
非谓语动词的核心知识提炼
一、非谓语动词作状语
1．现在分词作状语表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系；过去分词作状语表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。
Realizing
it
was
our
last
high
school
sports
meeting，we
decided
to
make
it
an
unforgettable
experience
for
all
of
us.
2．非谓语动词作伴随状语、结果状语，要想到用现在分词。
More
highways
have
been
built
in
China，making
it
much
easier
for
people
to
travel
from
one
place
to
another.(表示必然的结果)
【名师指津】 (1)非谓语动词作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果时用不定式，表示必然的结果要想到用现在分词；
He
hurried
to
the
station
only
to
find
that
the
train
had
left.
(2)源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态，常见的有：seated(坐着的)，devoted(专注的)，lost/absorbed
in(沉溺于)，dressed
in(穿着)等。
Absorbed
in
his
book，he
didn't
notice
me
enter
the
room.
3．非谓语动词作目的状语，要想到用不定式。
To
make
it
easier
to
get
in
touch
with
us，you'd
better
keep
this
card
at
hand.
4．非谓语动词作原因状语，表示“喜怒哀乐”的形容词要想到用不定式；非谓语动词作时间状语、条件状语和原因状语等要想到用分词。
I
am
only
too
glad
to
see
everything
settled.
Being
tired，he
went
to
bed
early.
二、非谓语动词作表语与定语
1．非谓语动词作表语或定语时，指物用v.?ing形式，指人用v.?ed形式。
He
was
very
shocked
to
learn
the
shocking
news
that
his
wife
was
killed
in
a
traffic
accident.
With
a
puzzled
look
on
my
face，I
pointed
to
myself
and
said，“Me？”
2．非谓语动词作后置定语时，与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时用现在分词，为动宾关系时用过去分词，表将来时用不定式。
“Things
lost
never
come
again！”
I
couldn't
help
talking
to
myself.
Last
night，there
were
millions
of
people
watching
the
opening
ceremony
live
on
TV.
I
will
try
my
best
to
study
in
the
years
to
come.
【名师指津】 下列情况下也常用不定式作定语
(1)当中心词是序数词，形容词最高级，the
only，the
last等或被其修饰时，多用动词不定式作定语。
She
was
the
first
woman
to
win
the
gold
medal
in
the
Olympic
Games.
(2)有些名词常用不定式作定语说明其内容，它们是：chance，opportunity，reason，way，effort，measure，right，strength，struggle等，不定式可以换成of＋doing。
He
has
a
strange
way
to
make/of
making
his
classes
lively
and
interesting.
三、固定搭配或用法中的非谓语动词
1．牢记用v.?ing/to
do形式作宾语的动词(短语)
(1)接v.?ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：suggest，risk，imagine，mind，admit，practice，allow，avoid，delay，include，deny，escape，advise，finish，miss，forgive，consider，recommend，forbid，give
up，insist
on，look
forward
to，feel
like，get
down
to，object
to，devote
oneself
to，pay
attention
to等。
I
avoided
mentioning
the
subject
in
case
he
should
be
offended.
(2)接to
do形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：decide，refuse，promise，pretend，hesitate，manage，plan，fail，choose，desire，hope，afford，agree，learn，determine，demand，offer，make
up
one's
mind，would
like等。
Nervous
and
anxious，Jill
failed
to
make
a
good
impression
at
the
job
interview.
(3)有些动词或动词短语既可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但表示的含义不同。
mean
forget
regret
try
go
on
remember
can't
help
2．掌握非谓语动词的几种句型公式
(1)不定式作宾语补足语：tell/order/persuade/force/warn/encourage/ask/invite＋sb.to
do
sth.。
I'd
like
to
invite
you
to
take
part
in
the
activity.
(2)后用省to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)：“五看；三使；二听；一感觉”。
五看：look
at/watch/notice/see/observe
sb.do
sth.；
三使：make/have/let
sb.do
sth.；
二听：listen
to/hear
sb.do
sth.；
一感觉：feel
sb.do
sth.。
The
boss
made
the
workers
do
the
work
all
day.
(3)用于it形式主语结构中：
It
＋be＋名词或形容词(no
good/no
use/a
pleasure/worthwhile/useless)＋v.?ing；
It＋be＋形容词(difficult/kind/clever等)＋for/of
sb.to
do
sth.；
It＋takes＋sb.＋some
time＋to
do
sth.
As
is
known
to
us，it's
no
use
complaining
without
taking
action.
3．with复合结构中补足语的比较
with
With
so
many
people
looking
at
him，he
felt
very
nervous.
With
the
problem
solved，the
quality
has
been
improved.
4．一些非谓语动词形式的固定结构
considering
that 鉴于，考虑到
judging
by/from
从……来看
supposing/providing/provided/assuming
that...
假定，假设
compared
with/to
与……相比
Michael's
new
house
is
like
a
huge
palace，compared
with
his
old
one.
授课提示：对应学生用书第63页
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Lying__(lie)in
the
west
district
of
Hangzhou
City，West
Lake
is
the
symbol
of
Hangzhou
as
well
as
one
of
the
most
beautiful
sights
in
China.
2．Then
the
door
opened，and
a
tall
lady
with
dark
hair，dark
eyes
entered，followed__(follow)by
another
who
looked
younger.
3．Colors
used(use)in
them
give
us
some
hints
about
the
photo's
owner.
4．Bai
Suzhen
was
shut
in
the
Leifeng
Pagoda
and
the
couple
had
no
chance
to__meet(meet)again.
5．Every
single
American
will
have
the
opportunity
to__realize(realize)their
fullest
potential.
6．A
bird
perched
on
high?tension
wires
has
both
its
feet
placed(place)firmly
on
the
same
wire.
7．Attracting__(attract)new
immigrants
to
the
cities
which
most
need
them
is
hard.
8．During
the
summer
months，he
would
take
extra
classes，and
he
ended
up__graduating(graduate)a
year
early.
9．In
art
criticism，you
must
assume
that
the
artist
has
a
message__hidden(hide)in
his
work.
10．Entitled(entitle)to
pensions
and
free
medical
care，senior
citizens
in
our
village
are
properly
looked
after
and
live
a
happy
life.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Comparing
with
other
teachers，Mr.Moore
pays
more
attention
to
his
way
of
teaching.
答案：
with
other
teachers，Mr.Moore
pays
more
attention
to
his
way
of
teaching.
2．To
catch
a
glimpse
of
the
magnificent
treasure
of
nature，we
took
a
bus
from
La
Serena
to
a
nearby
town
and
then
rented
a
car
go
to
the
desert.
答案：To
catch
a
glimpse
of
the
magnificent
treasure
of
nature，we
took
a
bus
from
La
Serena
to
a
nearby
town
and
then
rented
a
car
go
to
the
desert.
3．At
first，seen
the
waves
coming
one
after
another，I
was
afraid.
答案：At
first，
the
waves
coming
one
after
another，I
was
afraid.
4．Instead
of
seek
a
shelter，my
parents
suggested
we
help
a
couple
of
stall
owners
pack
their
books.
答案：Instead
of
a
shelter，my
parents
suggested
we
help
a
couple
of
stall
owners
pack
their
books.
5．We're
never
going
to
have
enough
time
explore
everything!
答案：We're
never
going
to
have
enough
time
explore
everything!
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·太原一模)As
to
garlic
and
raw
onion，you
might
want
to
avoid
their
after?effects，but
many
of
these
1.____________(positive)unfriendly
foods
are
good
for
you.In
fact，the
smell
on
your
breath
is
immediate
and
can
last
for
hours.The
reason
is
that
garlic
and
onions
contain
something
that
is
very
smelly
and
can
contribute
2.____________bad
breath.As
the
foods
are
digested，the
special
oils
they
contain
3.____________(absorb)into
your
bloodstream
and
you
breathe
4.____________(they)out
until
the
foods
are
removed
from
your
body.Despite
all
this，you
should
eat
them.Those
who
add
garlic
and
onions
to
food
need
5.____________(little)salt
than
those
who
do
not.So
it's
6.____________
healthier
alternative，says
Rebecca
Valle，a
dietitian
at
Alfred
Hospital
in
Melbourne，Australia.“Garlic
and
onions
can
also
protect
against
many
7.____________(disease)and
promote
good
health，”
she
said.So
how
do
you
enjoy
them
without
8.____________(offend)everyone
around
you？Eating
less
of
the
garlic
and
onion
and
drinking
plenty
of
water
works.Drinking
milk
also
helps
reduce
the
things
9.____________cause
bad
breath.Chewing
gum，sucking
on
a
mint
or
sipping
peppermint
tea
will
also
help.But
remember
10.____________(see)your
doctor
if
your
bad
breath
continues.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了吃大蒜及洋葱的好处，以及去除口中蒜味和洋葱味的方法。
1．解析：考查词性转换。修饰形容词unfriendly要用副词，故填positively，意为“肯定地，确实”。
答案：positively
2．解析：考查固定搭配。contribute
to为固定搭配，意为“促成，造成”，符合语境。
答案：to
3．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，主语the
special
oils与absorb之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，又由从句所用的一般现在时可知，此处也应用一般现在时；又因主语为复数形式，故填are
absorbed。be
absorbed
into...意为“被吸收进……”。
答案：are
absorbed
4．解析：考查代词。作动词breathe的宾语要用人称代词的宾格形式，故填them。
答案：them
5．解析：考查比较级。根据本句中的than和语境可知，此处要用little的比较级形式，表示“需要较少的盐”。
答案：less
6．解析：考查冠词。此处泛指“一种较健康的选择”，且healthier的发音以辅音音素开头，故要用不定冠词a。
答案：a
7．解析：考查名词的单复数。此处表示“大蒜和洋葱也能够预防许多疾病”，空前有many修饰，故此处disease是可数名词，应用其复数形式。
答案：diseases
8．解析：考查非谓语动词。本句中without是介词，后面一般接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故此处填offend的动名词形式offending。
答案：offending
9．解析：考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是the
things，指物，故应用关系代词that或which引导该定语从句。
答案：that/which
10．解析：考查非谓语动词。该句表示“但是如果你的口臭继续存在，记得去看医生”，remember
to
do
sth.意为“记得去做某事”，符合句意，故空处填动词不定式。
答案：to
see
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2020·福建高三毕业班质量检测)Working
on
a
farm
was
quite
a
experience！Our
teacher
told
us
that
how
a
city
farm
in
our
neighbourhood
was
looking
for
young
people
to
helping
with
the
animals.City
farms
were
a
great
way
for
people
to
get
amazed
experiences
of
country
life.We
can
learn
more
about
animals
and
plant
and
even
take
part
working
on
the
farm.So
I
spoke
to
the
owner
of
the
farm，but
a
few
days
later
I
was
looking
after
the
horses
on
the
farm.I
was
proud
of
myself
when
he
helped
a
young
boy
to
ride
a
horse
for
the
first
time.It
real
meant
a
lot
to
him—and
to
me!
答案：
Working
on
a
farm
was
quite
experience！Our
teacher
told
us
that
a
city
farm
in
our
neighbourhood
was
looking
for
young
people
to
with
the
animals.City
farms
a
great
way
for
people
to
get
experiences
of
country
life.We
can
learn
more
about
animals
and
and
even
take
part
working
on
the
farm.So
I
spoke
to
the
owner
of
the
farm，
a
few
days
later
I
was
looking
after
the
horses
on
the
farm.I
was
proud
of
myself
when
helped
a
young
boy
to
ride
a
horse
for
the
first
time.It
meant
a
lot
to
him—and
to
me！
PAGE重难增分篇
如何判断动词作谓语还是非谓语
1．找谓语：一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语。若句中没有谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所需词与之是并列关系，空处就用谓语动词。谓语动词需要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。
2．若句中找到了谓语动词，而又缺关联词(并列连词或从句关联词)时，则所给动词用非谓语形式。非谓语需要考虑v.?ing形式、v.?ed形式和动词不定式。
[题组一]
①He
volunteered
to
help
control
traffic，____________(donate)an
hour
of
his
time
every
week.
②He
volunteered
to
help
control
traffic，and
__________(donate)an
hour
of
his
time
every
week.
分析：两句的差别是连词and。分析句子结构可知，①中设空处为现在分词作伴随状语；②中设空处与volunteered并列作谓语。故①填donating；②填donated。
[题组二]
①Jim
was
listening
attentively
to
the
lecture，and
all
his
attention
____________(fix)on
it.
②Jim
was
listening
attentively
to
the
lecture，with
all
his
attention
____________(fix)on
it.
③Jim
was
listening
attentively
to
the
lecture，____________(fix)all
his
attention
on
it.
分析：三句的差别是逗号后面的部分。分析句子结构可知，①句为and连接两个并列句，通过时态、语态的分析，应用一般过去时的被动语态；②句是with复合结构；③句为现在分词短语作伴随状语。故①填was
fixed；②填fixed；③填fixing。
[题组三]
①He
went
into
the
room，____________(sit)at
the
table
and
began
to
read
newspapers.
②They
walked
along
the
stream
together，____________(talk)and
laughing.
分析：两句看似结构一致，但仔细分析却是大相径庭。①句为and连接三个并列谓语；②句为and连接两个伴随状语。故①填sat；②填talking。
重难增分一 谓语动词
动词的时态、语态、主谓一致是谓语动词的必考点，考生在答题时如果分析不到位就容易出现错误。无论语法填空还是短文改错，解题时一定要注意句中的时间状语、并列谓语动词、隐含的语境及要表达的主动或被动含义，从而找到解题的突破口，语法填空中还要注意不规则动词的过去式和过去分词、现在分词的拼写。
◎语法填空中的谓语动词
[高考这样考]
1．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The
80，000
objects
collected
by
Sir
Hans
Sloane，for
example，____________(form)the
core
collection
of
the
British
Museum
which
opened
in
1759.
2．(2020·高考全国卷Ⅲ)The
artist
was
sure
he
would
____________(choose)，but
when
he
presented
his
masterpiece
to
the
emperor's
chief
minister，the
old
man
laughed.
3．(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Picking
up
her
“Lifetime
Achievement”
award，proud
Irene
____________(declare)she
had
no
plans
to
retire
from
her
36?year?old
business.
4．(2019·高考北京卷)On
the
first
day
of
my
first
grade，I
stood
by
the
door
with
butterflies
in
my
stomach.I
____________(voice)my
biggest
concern
to
my
mother，“How
will
I
make
friends？”
5．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Since
2011，the
country
____________(grow)more
corn
than
rice.
[题目这么解]
填什么样的谓语形式：
1．先看“主语”定“语态”，再看“时间”定“时态”。谓语动词要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。语态主要看主语是动作的执行者还是承受者(如T2)；时态主要根据时间标志词(如T1，T5)、有无并列关系、主从句时态呼应(如题T3)及上下文语境(如T4)来把握；
2．要注意时态或语态变化时动词的拼写形式(如T2，T5)，需不需要双写，要不要大写首字母等；
3．特殊句型中时态需要特别关注。
自我诊断：1.formed 2.be
chosen 3.declared
4．voiced 5.has
grown
[类题对点练]
1．According
to
Paul
Denlinger，who
came(come)to
China
many
times
when
young，Qingming
Shanghe
Tu
or
Along
the
River
During
the
Qingming
Festival
should
be
regarded
as
the
most
significant
classical
Chinese
painting.
2．The
3?year?old
panda
landed
in
Chengdu
on
Wednesday
after
a
16?hour
flight，during
which
she
was
looked(look)after
by
a
professional
panda
keeper.
3．Once，she
was
wondering(wonder)how
to
complete
a
scene
set
in
ancient
China
when
the
doorbell
suddenly
rang.
4．In
recent
years，the
demand
for
goji
berries
has
been
rising
and
we
have
seen(see)the
increasing
numbers
of
buyers
from
overseas.
5．The
father，along
with
his
four
children,
has
gone(go)to
Hangzhou.When
they
will
be
back
has
not
been
fixed.
◎短文改错中的谓语动词
[高考这样考]
1．(2020·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Actually，I
start
to
learn
kung
fu
when
I
was
seven
years
old.____________
2．(2020·高考全国卷Ⅲ)My
dad
don't
like
the
soup
and
I
don't
enjoy
apples.____________
3．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ)During
my
last
winter
holiday，I
went
to
the
countryside
with
my
father
to
visit
my
grandparents.I
find
a
big
change
there.____________
4．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅱ)They
would
say
to
me
that
playing
card
games
would
help
my
brain.Still
I
unwilling
to
play
the
games
with
them
sometimes.____________
[题目这么解]
1．明确常错类型：动词时态的不统一与语态错误混用；主谓一致错误；情态动词后的动词形式错误；
2．具体判定方式：(1)是否忽略了时间状语(如T1)；上下文时态是否一致，主从句时态是否呼应(如T3)；(2)并列谓语形式是否一致；(3)主谓、动宾关系要分明；(4)be动词的缺失或多余(如T4)；(5)主谓是否一致(如T2)。
自我诊断：1.start→started 2.don't→doesn't
3．find→found 4.unwilling前加was
[类题对点练]
1．(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)One
was
that
I
was
amazed
at
the
fact
that
a
sick
person
could
feel
much
better
after
seeing
a
doctor.And
the
other
is
that
I
wanted
to
help
people
in
need.
答案：One
was
that
I
was
amazed
at
the
fact
that
a
sick
person
could
feel
much
better
after
seeing
a
doctor.And
the
other
that
I
wanted
to
help
people
in
need.
2．(2019·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Now
my
dream
is
to
open
a
cafe.Though
it
may
appear
simple，it
required
a
lot
of
ideas
and
efforts.
答案：Now
my
dream
is
to
open
a
cafe.Though
it
may
appear
simple，it
a
lot
of
ideas
and
efforts.
3．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Before
getting
into
the
car，I
thought
I
had
learned
the
instructor's
orders，but
once
I
started
the
car，my
mind
goes
blank.
答案：Before
getting
into
the
car，I
thought
I
had
learned
the
instructor's
orders，but
once
I
started
the
car，my
mind
blank.
4．Consequently，instead
of
giving
us
immediate
answers，he
is
always
encouraged
us
to
think
by
ourselves
whenever
he
puts
forward
questions.
答案：Consequently，instead
of
giving
us
immediate
answers，he
is
always
us
to
think
by
ourselves
whenever
he
puts
forward
questions.
谓语动词的核心知识提炼
一、时间状语标志词
1．看到always，every
time，now
and
then，often，seldom，sometimes，usually等表示频率的时间状语，要想到用一般现在时；
2．看到yesterday，last
week，two
days
ago，the
other
day，in
1998，just
now，once
upon
a
time等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时；
3．看到tomorrow，next
year，in
a
week等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时；
4．看到all
the
time，now，at
4
o'clock，at
this
moment，at
present等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时；
5．看到at
that
time，at
this
time
yesterday，at
five
yesterday，the
whole
morning等时间状语，要想到用过去进行时；
6．看到since，recently，lately，already，in/for/during
the
last/past
few
years，so
far，up
to
now，during
the
past/last＋时间段等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时；
7．看到by
that
time，by
the
end
of＋过去时间，before
2000，by
the
time＋一般过去时的从句等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。
二、并列关系标志词
并列连词and，but，as
well
as，or，or
else，both...and...，neither...nor...，either...or...，not
only...but(also)．..，rather
than等以及从属连词than可连接两个平行的结构。平行的另外一个结构与所选谓语动词的先后关系，决定着所选动词的时态。
三、记准常考的固定句式
1．看到no
sooner...than...或hardly...when...，要想到主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
2．看到并列连词when，要想到was/were
doing
sth.when...；be
about
to
do
sth.when...等句式。
3．看到It/This/That
is＋the＋序数词＋time＋that从句，要想到从句用现在完成时。
4．看到It/This/That
was＋the＋序数词＋time＋that从句，要想到从句用过去完成时。
5．在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来。
6．在由since引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句是现在完成时，从句则用一般过去时。
7．看到“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，要想到陈述句用一般将来时。
四、关注特殊词的关键用法
1．有些动词(短语)的用法特殊，例如belong
to不用于进行时和被动语态；date
back
to/date
from常用于一般现在时等。
2．系动词不能用于被动语态。look，feel，taste，seem，sound，smell，prove，appear等属于系动词。
五、主谓一致
1．主语后跟有with，together
with，as
well
as，like，but，except，along
with，rather
than，including，in
addition
to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
2．由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not
only...but
also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。
授课提示：对应学生用书第58页
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The
newly?elected
ministers
should
understand
that
with
the
great
honor
of
being
government
officials
of
this
nation
comes__(come)great
responsibility.
2．I'll
take
you
there
tomorrow.Now
we
are
leaving
the
business
district
and
approaching(approach)the
harbor.
3．A
material
can
be
really
special
when
it
was
named
after
the
place
where
it
was__created(create)originally.
4．It
was
the
third
time
that
she
had__been(be)to
the
Great
Wall.
5．Various
efforts
have__been__made(make)in
the
past
decades
to
protect
the
environment.
6．On
that
day，I
lined
up
with
other
25，000
runners，most
of
whom
were(be)professional
runners.
7．Not
only
the
swimmers
who
are
in
the
swimming
pool
but
also
the
coach
is__trying(try)to
save
the
drowning
girl
now.
8．The
new
haircut
completely
transformed(transform)her
into
a
fair
lady
yesterday.
9．The
study
suggests
that
Neonicotinoid
pesticides(新烟碱类杀虫剂)that__are__used__(use)around
the
world
are
incredibly
poisonous
to
honeybees
and
other
insects.
10．A
bowl
of
noodles
from
a
stranger
made
me
feel
indebted，but
I
have
never
thanked
my
mom
for
what
she__has__done(do)for
me.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Growing
up，I
didn't
have
much
ambition
and
I
was
wasted
a
lot
of
time
on
video
games.
答案：Growing
up，I
didn't
have
much
ambition
and
I
wasted
a
lot
of
time
on
video
games.
2．She
encourages
us
to
think
independently
and
have
discussions
among
ourselves
when
we
faced
with
problems.
答案：She
encourages
us
to
think
independently
and
have
discussions
among
ourselves
when
we
faced
with
problems.
3．I
am
remember
the
first
time
my
parents
and
I
talked
about
my
dream
of
becoming
a
writer.
答案：I
remember
the
first
time
my
parents
and
I
talked
about
my
dream
of
becoming
a
writer.
4．I
hated
to
fail
in
any
sport，so
I
continued
to
try
and
finally
manage
to
skate
all
the
way
down
a
slope(斜坡)without
an
accident.
答案：I
hated
to
fail
in
any
sport，so
I
continued
to
try
and
finally
to
skate
all
the
way
down
a
slope
without
an
accident.
5．Have
you
ever
been
to
Wuzhen？It
is
so
beautiful
a
village
that
I
had
already
visited
it
many
times.
答案：Have
you
ever
been
to
Wuzhen？It
is
so
beautiful
a
village
that
I
already
visited
it
many
times.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·合肥第二次调研)Chopsticks
play
an
important
role
in
Chinese
food
culture.Chinese
chopsticks
are
round
on
the
eating
end
which
symbolizes
heaven，while
the
other
end
is
square
which
symbolizes
earth.This
is
because
keeping
enough
food
is
1.____________(great)concern
than
anything
else.
It
is
important
to
note
that
chopsticks
are
used
in
many
different
cultures
and
there
is
no
single
standard
for
the
use
of
chopsticks.Here
are
some
customs
2.____________(associate)with
chopsticks
in
China.Playing
with
chopsticks
3.____________(consider)bad
manners.And
chopsticks
should
not
be
placed
4.____________(vertical)in
a
bowl
of
rice
or
other
food.Any
stick?like
object
pointing
upward
5.____________(resemble)the
incense(香)sticks
that
people
use
6.____________offerings
to
their
dead
family
members.It
is
also
bad
manners
to
tap
chopsticks
on
7.__________edge
of
one's
bowl，because
in
ancient
China
beggars
often
made
this
noise
8.____________(attract)attention.
In
Chinese，“chopsticks”
reads
“kuai
zi”，which
means
“to
have
sons
soon”，so
a
newly?married
couple
will
be
very
happy
to
accept
chopsticks
as
9.__________(they)wedding
gift.
10．____________has
already
been
found
out
is
that
using
chopsticks
improves
one's
memory，increases
finger
dexterity(灵巧)and
can
be
useful
in
learning
and
improving
skills
such
as
Chinese
character
printing
and
brush
painting.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了筷子的特征以及围绕筷子形成的一些习俗。
1．解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据下文中的than可知，此处要用形容词的比较级形式。
答案：greater
2．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处用过去分词短语associated
with
chopsticks作定语，修饰customs。
答案：associated
3．解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。该处为客观性描述，应用一般现在时；该句使用了动名词短语playing
with
chopsticks作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；且此处表示玩筷子被看作不礼貌的行为，故应用被动语态。
答案：is
considered
4．解析：考查词性转换。此处修饰谓语动词要用副词，故填vertically。
答案：vertically
5．解析：考查时态和主谓一致。该处为客观性描述，应用一般现在时；本句为含有that引导的定语从句的主从复合句，其中主句的主语是any
stick?like
object
pointing
upward，是单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
答案：resembles
6．解析：考查介词。as在这里用作介词，意为“作为”。
答案：as
7．解析：考查冠词。此处特指后面的bowl(碗)的边缘，故填定冠词。
答案：the
8．解析：考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式短语to
attract作目的状语。
答案：to
attract
9．解析：考查代词。此处的wedding
gift与上文提到的a
newly?married
couple为所属关系，故填their。
答案：their
10．解析：考查主语从句的引导词。此处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”，故用What来引导该从句。
答案：What
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2020·福建漳州4月模拟)
Dear
Editor，
Having
learned
from
the
newspaper
that
you
will
hold
the
annually
summer
camp
in
our
city，I
can't
wait
to
apply
to
join
in
one
of
your
activity.
On
the
activities
you've
provided，the
one
about
nursing
appeal
to
me
most.I
have
always
dreamed
of
becoming
nurse
since
my
childhood.To
begin
with，I
hope
to
gain
a
few
more
knowledge
of
nursing
so
that
it
can
help
me
major
in
nursing
when
I
attended
college.Besides，learning
more
about
nursing
can
help
me
take
good
care
of
my
parents，which
have
been
devoted
to
care
for
me
as
I
grow
up.
I
would
appreciate
it
if
you
could
accept
my
application.Looking
forward
to
hearing
it
from
you
soon.
Yours，
Li
Hua
答案：
Dear
Editor，
Having
learned
from
the
newspaper
that
you
will
hold
the
summer
camp
in
our
city，I
can't
wait
to
apply
to
join
in
one
of
your
.
the
activities
you've
provided，the
one
about
nursing
to
me
most.I
have
always
dreamed
of
becoming
nurse
since
my
childhood.To
begin
with，I
hope
to
gain
a
more
knowledge
of
nursing
so
that
it
can
help
me
major
in
nursing
when
I
college.Besides，learning
more
about
nursing
can
help
me
take
good
care
of
my
parents，
have
been
devoted
to
for
me
as
I
grow
up.
I
would
appreciate
it
if
you
could
accept
my
application.Looking
forward
to
hearing
from
you
soon.
Yours，
Li
Hua
PAGE
