湖南中考专题第三轮总复习 第四讲 完形填空技巧（一）（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第四讲
完形填空技巧（一）
【知识梳理】
一、中考命题规律及趋势
中考完形填空的文章文体主要为记叙文，话题包括个人成长和人物经历及感受。通常为尾句不设空，全文设空均匀，一句话不会设两空。考查点都是动词、名词、形容词和副词等词义辨析。
二、解题方法与技巧
完形填空是介于单项选择题和阅读理解题之间的一种题型，旨在考查学生对词汇和语法知识在单句、上下文、语篇等各种具体语境下的综合运用能力，这就要求考生在解题中掌握一些方法、技巧。
1.速读：初读全文，跳开选项了解信息，初步掌握文章大意，抓住主题。
完形填空的首句一般不留空，因此认真阅读短文开头的第一、二句，有利于准确预测和推断短文的主旨大意，不要急于看选项，找答案。应通篇浏览文章，掌握文中的时间、地点、人物及事件。也不要拘泥于个别细节，否则难以达到整体上的把握。
2.精读：精读细研，初填试选，抓住短文的每段、每句及作者的思想。
再读时，可以运用一些方法来全面地审视填空，即常见完形填空的7种命题角度：语境推断；词汇复现；生活常识；固定搭配；逻辑推理；推理判断；语法知识(河北近7年中考完形填空中并没有涉及过此种命题角度)。
3.复读：再次阅读文章，瞻前顾后，反复推敲，检查答案是否符合文章逻辑推理。
对于那些不易定夺的选项或单词，可以从前后文和单词的搭配、语义、语法上进行分析推断。即：先看前后搭配是否符合语法；再看上下文意思是否通顺；后看情节是否合理以及是否符合生活常识和文化背景，从而选出正确的答案。
填完所有空格以后，还需要进行最后的校核。考试时，校核最好在检查完其他试题之后进行。因为刚做完完形填空题，考生的思路仍留在原来的线上，如稍隔一段时间或做一些其他题目，回头再复读全文，从语感上体会文章是否通顺，校核所填的词是否合理，前后是否连贯，结构是否完整，就可以从另一个角度来观察一切，从而提高答题的准确率。
基础题组：中考链接
Cloze1(2020长沙)
As
a
university
student,
I
decided
to
learn
German.
For
some
reason
I
really
liked
the
language,
but
I
was
not
very
good
at
learning
it.
The
grammar
31
me
a
lot
and
even
drove
me
crazy.
My
only
advantage
was
32
—I
got
an
A
on
every
word
test
I
took.
After
two
years
of
studies,
I
struggled
（挣扎）
to
communicate
in
33
German
and
signed
up
to
study
in
Germany
to
complete
my
degree.
It
was
the
34
term
I
would
ever
have.
The
moment
I
arrived
in
Germany,
I
felt
like
I
was
starting
from
scratch（从头开始）.
The
German
I'd
learned
in
university
wasn't
35
for
everyday
conversation.
My
book
knowledge
fell
by
the
wayside
as
I
thought
about
the
basics
of
getting
around,
reading
emails
and
talking
with
my
classmates,
I
was
often
nervous
at
school,
worried
about
whether
the
teachers
would
call
on
me
in
class
and
whether
I'd
understand
their
questions.
I
only
36
a
little
around
my
eight
roommates,
who
were
willing
to
speak
German
slowly
to
me
and
didn't
seem
to
mind
my
37
.
I
chose
to
study
three
courses—reading
&
writing,
grammar
and
history.
All
were
in
German
and
difficult,
but
the
history
class
was
the
worst.
The
teacher
spoke
so
38
that
almost
everything
he
said
flew
right
over
my
head.
I
sat
in
the
front,
took
notes
and
even
recorded
every
single
word
he
said
in
class,
but
39
helped.
I
had
no
idea
what
the
class
was
really
about…
Years
have
passed,
but
I
still
remember
how
it
felt
to
struggle
so
hard
at
40
another
language.
That
trip
was
a
difficult
but
valuable
lesson.
I
think
my
failure
that
term
taught
me
just
as
much
as
my
success.
31.
（
）A.
gave
B.
helped
C.
troubled
32.
（
）A.
listening
B.
spelling
C.
speaking
33.
（
）A.
perfect
B.
broken
C.
beautiful
34.
（
）A.
hardest
B.
easiest
C.
happiest
35.
（
）A.
useless
B.
meaningless
C.
practical
36.
（
）A.
relaxed
B.
feared
C.
wondered
37.
（
）A.
purposes
B.
progress
C.
mistakes
38.
（
）A.
slowly
B.
quickly
C.
clearly
39.
（
）A.
nothing
B.
anything
C.
everything
40.
（
）A.
creating
B.
teaching
C.
learning
Cloze2(2019长沙)
Thanksgiving
was
just
around
the
corner.
The
menu（菜谱）had
been
set.
The
shopping
list
was
made.
31
seemed
perfect.
I
could
taste
turkey
and
mashed
potatoes（火鸡和土豆泥）.
Pictures
of
different
pies,
fruit
and
vegetables
came
into
my
mind.
I
couldn’t
32
!
The
day
before
Thanksgiving
my
dad
called
a
family
meeting.
He
said
we
needed
to
practice
being
33
.
“We
are
going
to
34
at
a
homeless
shelter（收容所）on
Thanksgiving
Day.”
I
couldn’t
believe
this
was
happening.
So
we
wouldn’t
cook
our
own
Thanksgiving
dinner?
The
holiday
wouldn’t
be
the
same.
I
thought
the
day
would
be
ruined（糟蹋）.
The
next
morning,
we
got
up
35
.
I
followed
my
father
to
the
shelter
with
my
sleepy
eyes.
I
had
no
great
expectations
and
felt
36
all
the
way.
As
soon
as
we
arrived,
we
got
to
work.
There
was
so
much
to
be
done.
But
all
I
could
think
about
was
the
dinner
I
couldn’t
enjoy.
However,
those
thoughts
soon
37
.
Over
the
next
few
hours,
I
watched
hundreds
of
people
come
through
the
shelter.
For
some,
this
was
the
only
hot
meal
they
would
eat
that
week.
For
others,
it
was
the
first
time
to
eat
a
Thanksgiving
meal.
The
shelter
was
filled
with
38
.
Through
this
experience,
I
learned
that
Thanksgiving
is
a
time
to
think
about
your
blessings（祝福）and
look
for
ways
to
bless
others.
When
I
gave
up
what
I
had
wanted,
I
discovered
how
much
I
have.
It
is
much
better
to
39
than
to
receive.
In
the
end,
that
Thanksgiving
became
an
40
experience.
(
)31．A．Something
B．Everything
C．Nothing
(
)32．A．wait
B．care
C．understand
(
)33．A．creative
B．nervous
C．thankful
(
)34．A．rush
out
B．help
out
C．check
out
(
)35．A．early
B．late
C．suddenly
(
)36．A．excited
B．good
C．down
(
)37．A．appeared
B．disappeared
C．rose
(
)38．A．stress
B．joy
C．fear
(
)39．A．give
B．take
C．waste
(
)40．A．uncomfortable
B．unreasonable
C．unforgettable
Cloze3
(2018长沙)
When
I
was
fifteen
years
old,
I
became
very
interested
in
shopping.
After
a
while
being
just
a
buyer,
I
wanted
to　1
?something.
I
had
many
things
that
I
no
longer
needed
at
home.
I
knew
with
the
help
of
my
father
I
could
make
money.
So
for
months
and
months
I　2
?myself
by
selling
things
on
my
dad's
bank
account(账户).
On
July
18th,
2015,
I
made
my
own
account
and
began
to
start
my
own
3
?.
Things
were
going
great
and
then
I
realized
that
selling
things
around
the
house
wasn't
4
?for
me,
so
I
decided
to
expand(拓展)my
business
by
running
a
resale
shop.
I
went
around
to
the
yard
sales
and
bought
things
at
low
prices
and
sold
them
at
5?
?prices
to
make
money.
Last
October,
I
went
to
a
yard
sale
that
was
a
little
bit
different.
A
lady
had
many
nice
things
to
sell.
I
went
up
to
her
and
had
a
6??
with
her.
Through
the
communication,
I
knew
she
was
jobless
at
that
moment
and
needed
money
to
feed
her
family.
I
thought
I
could
do
it
better
and
more
quickly
for
her.
So
I
made
a
decision
to
help
her
out.
She
looked
at
me
for
a
while
and
then
said
????7????.
After
that
I
took
away
some
of
her
things
and
over
the
next
month
I
made
$1,500
for
her!
When
I
gave
her
the
money,
she
broke
down
into
tears(眼泪)　8????.
I
have
never
felt
so
9?
??to
help
someone
in
my
life.
I
know
my
skills
could
be
used
to
help
those
in
need
and
that
even
one
small
act
of
kindness
could　10????.
(
)1.A.buy
B.sell
C.produce
(
)2.A.annoyed
B.enjoyed
C.punished
(
)3.A.business
B.holiday
C.education
(
)4.A.familiar
B.helpful
C.enough
(
)5.A.higher
B.lower
C.half
(
)6.A.competition
B.fight
C.conversation
(
)7.A.no
B.yes
C.sorry
(
)8.A.peacefully
B.regretfully
C.thankfully
(
)9.A.worried
B.stressed
C.pleased
(
)10.A.make
a
difference
B.make
a
mess
C.make
a
mistake
Cloze4
(2017长沙)
A
father
and
his
daughter
were
flying
a
kite
in
the
park.
The
young
daughter
was
a
little
bit
tired,
so
they
took
a
1???
on
the
bench(凳子).
When
the
daughter
saw
an
old
man
selling
apples,
she
asked
her
father
to
buy
her
an
apple.
Her
father
didn't
bring
much
money
with
him,
but
it
was
enough
to
buy
two
apples.
So
he
did,
and
gave
　2????
of
them
to
his
daughter,
smiling.
His
daughter
held
one
apple
in
her
left
hand
and
the
other
in
the
right
hand.
Then
the
father
asked
her
if
she
could
　3????
one
of
the
apples
with
him.
When
the
girl
heard
this,
she
quickly
took
a
bite(咬)
from
one
apple.
And
before
her
father
could
speak,
she
also
took
a
bite
from
the
4???
apple.
The
father
was
　5????.
He
wondered
what
mistake
he
made
so
that
his
daughter
acted
in
such
a
greedy(贪婪的)way.
He
was
lost
in
thought.
Perhaps
he
was
just
thinking
too
much.
His
daughter
was
too
　6????
to
understand
about
sharing
and
giving.
A
smile
disappeared
from
his
face.
Suddenly,
his
daughter
with
an
apple
in
her
left
hand
said,“Daddy,
have
this
one!
It
is
much
juicier
and
　7????.”
Her
father
was
speechless.
He
felt
　8????
about
making
the
judgment(判断)so
quickly
about
a
small
child.
But
his
smile
　9????
knowing
why
his
daughter
quickly
took
a
bite
from
each
apple.
Don't
judge
anything
or
draw
a
conclusion(结论)too
quickly.
　10????spare
some
more
time
to
understand
things
better.
(
)1.A.walk
B.shower
C.break
(
)2.A.both
B.either
C.neither
(
)3.A.cut
B.wash
C.share
(
)4.A.first
B.second
C.third
(
)5.A.satisfied
B.surprised
C.moved
(
)6.A.brave
B.silly
C.young
(
)7.A.sweeter
B.bitterer
C.saltier
(
)8.A.proud
B.great
C.bad
(
)9.A.went
away
B.came
back
C.ran
off
(
)10.A.Always
B.Never
C.Seldom
提升题组：名校试卷
Cloze1(2020教科所模拟卷七)
Dear
Mr.Zheng,
I
am
Jessica
from
Shapu,
a
small
town
in
the
city
of
Fuqing,
where
I
go
to
a
middle
school
.My
parents
are
just
common
people,
but
they
are
happy
about
who
they
are
and
what
they
have.
They
often
tell
me
not
to
31
and
never
give
up
even
when
I
hit
the
ground.
A
few
years
ago,
I
thought
I
learned
English
just
for
32
examinations.
So
what
I
did
was
to
memorize
words
and
phrases
from
the
textbooks
again
and
again,
though
my
teacher
33
told
me
that
was
not
enough
for
learning
English
well.
34
1
was
able
to
score
high
in
different
kinds
of
tests
and
examinations,
yet
I
knew
very
well
that
I
was
35
being
excellent.
Now
I
am
a
senior
high
school
student.
I
find
out
that
many
of
my
classmates
not
only
do
much
better
than
me
in
their
English
36
,
but
they
also
speak
English
much
better
than
me.
I
noticed
that
most
of
them
37
reading
English
novel,
listening
to
English
radio,and
watching
English
TV
series(
连续剧)
.They
sometimes
even
talk
in
English
to
exchange
their
ideas
about
life.
How
I
admire
them!
38
by
my
classmates,
I
have
made
up
my
mind
to
do
more
reading
as
early
as
possible.
I
have
bought
Helbling
Readers,
which
are
graded
English
storybooks,
and
I
have
also
downloaded(下载)
some
apps,
such
as
People’s
Daily
,
China
Daily,
and
Voscreen
to
do
more
39
.
I
think
I
need
to
have_40
and
time
to
do
reading
regularly(定期地，经常地)by
myself
and
I
believe
I
will
gradually
make
progress.
I
hope
by
the
end
of
this
term,
I
will
write
a
longer
letter
to
tell
you
about
my
progress.
Best
wishes!
Jessica
31.
A.
let
them
down
B.
cheer
them
up
C.
put
them
off
32.A.
proving
B.failing
C.passing
33.A.repeatedly
B.
excitedly
C.
proudly
34.A.Since
B.Although
C.
If
35.A.close
to
B.
far
from
C.
opposite
to
36.A.
classes
B.examinations
C.discussions
37.A.
enjoy
B.
hate
C.agree
38.A.Invented
B.Improved
C.Influenced
39.
A.
cleaning
B.
reading
C.
shopping
40.A.pleasure
B.
praise
C.
patience
Cloze2(长郡集团初三第一次月考)
A
wise
man
was
walking
from
one
town
to
another
with
a
few
of
his
followers
when
they
happened
to
pass
a
lake.
They
stopped
there
to
31
for
a
while,
and
the
wise
man
said
to
one
of
his
followers:
“I
am
very
__32___.
Could
you
please
get
me
some
water
from
the
lake?”
As
the
wise
man
requested,
the
follower
walked
to
the
lake.
Some
people
were
33
their
clothes
in
the
water,
and
right
at
that
moment,
several
carts
(手推车)
were
being
pulled
through
the
lake.
As
a
__34__,
the
water
became
very
muddy.
The
follower
went
back
and
told
the
wise
man
that
the
water
was
very
__35__
and
not
fit
to
drink.
After
they
had
rested
for
about
half
an
hour,
the
wise
man
again
asked
the
36
follower
to
go
back
to
the
lake
and
get
him
some
water
to
drink.
As
requested,
the
follower
went
to
the
lake.
This
time
he
found
that
all
the
__37__
had
settled(沉淀)
to
the
bottom(底部).
The
water
was
very
clear
and
looked
fit
to
drink.
So
he
___38__
his
water
bottle
and
took
it
to
the
wise
man.
The
wise
man
took
the
water
bottle
and
drank
before
looking
up
at
the
follower.
“See
39
you
did
to
make
the
water
clean?”
he
said.
“You
let
it
be
for
a
while
and
the
mud
settled
down
on
its
own,
so
that
you
could
get
some
clear
drinking
water.
Your
mind
can
also
be
like
that
___40__
when
it
is
disturbed(打扰)
by
something.
If
you
just
let
it
be
and
give
it
a
little
time,
it
will
most
likely
settle
down
on
its
own
without
you
having
to
put
in
any
effort
at
all
to
calm
it.”
(
)31.
A.
stand
B.
rest
C.
swim
(
)32.
A.
thirsty
B.
tired
C.
hungry
(
)33.
A.
making
B.
washing
C.
catching
(
)34.
A.
rule
B.
reason
C.
result
(
)35.
A.
muddy
B.
cold
C.
clear
(
)36.
A.
other
B.
same
C.
second
(
)37.
A.
clothes
B.
carts
C.
mud
(
)38.
A.
threw
B.
filled
C.
got
(
)39.
A.
how
B.
why
C.
what
(
)40.
A.
follower
B.
lake
C.
cart
第四讲
完形填空技巧（一）参考答案
基础题组：
Cloze1(2020长沙)
CBBAC
ACBAC
Cloze2(2019长沙)
BACBA
CBBAC
Cloze3(2018长沙)
BBACA
CBCCA
Cloze4
(2017长沙)
CACBB
CACBA
提升题组：
Cloze1(2020教科所七)
ACABB
BACBC
Cloze2(长郡集团初三第一次月考)
BABCA
BCBCB
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