湖南中考专题第三轮总复习 第七讲 阅读理解做题技巧(二) （含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第七讲
阅读理解做题技巧（二）
1.推理判断题
推理判断题主要考查学生对文章言外之意的理解。这种题目有一定难度,往往不能直接从文中找到答案,而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系做出合理的推理。
(1)特别留心特定细节
所谓特定细节”,就是问题所涉及的范围和对象中的细节事实。在做题时需要先找到这些细节再做出合理的推断。
(2)注意作者的语气和态度
作者的语气和态度通常体现在短文所使用的措辞和句式上。从措辞上我们可以判断出作者对所讨论话题的态度。例题：
①细节
1)
We
can
infer/conclude/learn
from
the
passage
that
______.
2)
The
passage/author/paragraph
implies/suggests
______.
②态度推理
1)
What’s
the
author’s/expert's
attitude
towards…?
a)
正：positive
,supportive,agree
,optimistic…
b)
负：negative,disagree,critical,skeptical,doubtful…
c)
中立：neutral,objective,uncertain…
2)
How
did
the
writer
feel
about…?
happy,
sad,
angry
③出处推理
The
passage
is
mostly
likely
to
be
taken
from
______.
步骤：
找信息点：陈述的事实如背景及人物的表情，动作，语言，态度，意图
排除法：
正确选项为：得意忘形——源于原文，高于原文
错误选项：
1）原词干扰：只见原文复述，不见推断结论。
无对应句：根据常识判断是正确的，但文章没有提及
含极端词：常为干扰项的极端词：
only
,most,never.
2.主旨大意题
考查学生对短文主题思想成全文梗概的掌握和理解情况的者题目,叫主旨大意题。
(1)主旨大意题目常见的设问方式
1.What’s
the
main
idea
of
this
passage?
2.
What
does
the
passage
mainly
discuss?
3.
The
writer
means
to
tell
us
that...
4.
The
main
idea/
point
of
the
passage
is
that....
5.
The
passage
is
mainly
about...
6.
From
the
passage
we
can
learn/
conclude
that...
7.
What's
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
(2)主题句
段落的主题通常由被称为主题句(
Topic
Sentence)的句子来表示。主题句有两个功能:①介绍段落的主题;②阐述控制概念,控制概念用以控制段落中句子讨论的内容主题句通常是一段的第一句或末尾一句,偶尔在一段中间。我们在阅读非故事性文章如科普文章的时候,主题句尤其明显。有的文章无明显的主题句,主题句隐含在段意之中。
①主题句位于段首
主题句位于段首是由作者先立论,后摆事实讲道理的写作手法形成的。这种段落称作演绎型段落。据有关统计数字表明,在英语议论文或说明文中,有60%-90%的主题句是段落的第一句。
②主题句位于段末
主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实,后立论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。
③主题句位于段落的中间
主题句偶尔也出现在段落的中间,但不一定就在正中间。有时第一句并非主题句,而是承上启下的过渡句。在这种情况下,第二句便成了主题句。此外,主题句也可能是段落的倒数第二句
（3）解题方法：
1）概读法
从每篇文章的标题到各个部分都进行概读,以归纳出要点,概括作者的意图、观点态度,这样就能了解全文的概貌。概读还有助于考生把握上下文之间的意义联系,培养自己的综合概括能力。
2）排除法：
正确项：围绕中心
无细节
观点态度与原文一致
干扰项：以偏概全
主题扩大
无中生有
张冠李戴
课堂练习
(雅礼集团2019-2020-2初三英语第二次模拟B篇)
Do
you
have
a
pet
dog?
If
your
dog
touches
you
with
its
nose,
you
might
be
surprised
to
find
how
wet
and
cold
it
is.
If
dogs
are
so
warm,
then
why
are
their
noses
so
cold?
In
the
past,
people
thought
that
dogs
had
cold
noses
to
help
them
control
their
body
temperature.
To
find
out
the
real
reason,
Scientific
Reports
has
done
a
study
and
got
some
interesting
findings
about
dogs’
noses.
The
study
found
that
when
the
air
temperature
was
30℃,
a
dog’s
nose
was
about
five
degrees
cooler
than
the
air
.But
why
is
this?
The
researchers
believed
that
a
dog’s
nose
had
a
specific
sensory
function(探测功能).
So
they
did
an
experiment(
实验
)to
test
it.
The
study
showed
that
dogs
could
sense
weak
heat
sources(来源)with
their
noses
from1.5m
away.
Firstly,
the
research
team
studied
three
dogs
named
Charlie,
Delfi
and
Kevin.
In
the
experiment,
the
dogs
had
to
tell
the
difference
between
two
objects
that
were
heated
to
different
temperatures.
Amazingly,
all
three
dogs
were
able
to
sense
and
tell
the
temperature
difference
between
both
objects.
The
study
also
found
that
the
heat
from
the
objects
in
the
experiment"was
too
weak
to
be
felt
by
human
hands,
even
at
very
short
distances".
The
dogs
were
able
to
sense
these
heated
objects
from
1.5m
away,
but
humans
were
only
able
to
feel
the
warmth
of
the
object
if
they
touched
it.
The
research
team
also
studied
the
brain
activity
of
13
dogs
in
the
second
experiment.
When
a
warm
object
was
near
their
noses.
there
was
an
increase
in
brain
activity.
"From
these
two
experiments,
we
know
that
dogs
are
able
to
sense
heat
from
warm-blooded
animals,
use
this
information
for
hunting,
and
that
a
special
part
of
the
brain
is
activated(激活)by
such
heat,”
said
the
leader
of
the
study.
1.The
purpose
of
the
study
by
Scientific
Reports
is
to
find
out
.
A.
why
dogs'
noses
are
so
cold
B.
what
makes
dogs
warm
C.how
dogs
sense
heat
better
2.What
do
we
know
about
the
first
experiment?
A.
Dogs
were
not
able
to
sense
the
heat
from
two
objects
B.
Humans
were
better
at
sensing
heat
than
dogs
C
.Dogs
could
tell
the
difference
between
both
objects
3.
When
a
warm
object
was
put
near
the
dogs'
noses,
.
A.
there
was
no
change
in
their
brain
activity
B.
more
brain
activity
could
be
found
C.
their
brain
activity
slowed
down
4.
We
can
learn
from
the
last
paragraph
that
.
A.
dogs
can
sense
heat
from
all
animals
B.
dogs'
brain
can
be
activated
by
heat
from
warm-blooded
animals
C.
sensing
heat
is
useless
when
dogs
are
hunting
5.
What
could
be
the
best
title
of
this
passage?
A.
Heat-sensing
noses
B.
Dogs
brain
activity
C.
Two
experiments
on
heating.
(2020长沙市初中毕业学业水平考试仿真密卷（A卷）)
A
Increasingly,
some
words
have
been
taking
aver
a
good
old-fashioned"thank
you
"
or"
you’re
welcome"in
daily
conversations
in
the
United
States,
While
dining
at
a
restaurant,when
a
waiter
comes
by
to
ask
Americans
whether
they
would
like
more
water
or
bread,
do
you
notice
that
they
often
say"I’m
good"rather
than
"no,
thank
you?
When
someone
thanks
them
for
holding
the
door
open,
"no
problem"is
almost
the
same
as
"
you're
welcome”.
Are
Americans
becoming
ruder,
forgetting
traditional
polite
ways,
or
are
the
words
they
use
now
just
updated
expressions
with
the
same
feelings?
According
to
Lisa
Gache,
co-founder
of
Beverly
Hills
Manners,
the
less
use
of
these
magic
words
in
our
everyday
conversation
has
to
do
with
the
preference
to
all
things
casual(随意的）in
the
society
today,
Casual
conversation,
casual
dress
and
casual
behavior
are
present
in
all
areas
of
life.
And
Americans
agree
with
her.
In
a
recent
survey
made
by
Rasmussen
Reports
fount
that
76
percent
of
those
surveyed
thought
that
Americans
were
becoming
“ruder”.
But
is
using
phrases
like”no
problem”or＂I’m
good＂really
rude?
Do
more
casual
words
erase(抹掉)
the
original(原始的)
feeling
of
gratitude(感激)?
Emily
Senning,whose
great-grandmother
set
the
standard(标准)on
manners
with
the
book
Etiquette(礼仪),
thought
that
actual
manners
change
over
time
and
between
cultures,so
do
the
words
we
use
to
express
our
feelings.
It's
probably
not
a
bad
idea
to
remember
to
say"please
"and"thank
you",
but
don't
beat
yourself
up
thinking
you're
a
terrible
person
if
you
say"have
a
good
one"instead
of
have
a
nice
day.”
6.
What
does
the
writer
mean
to
do
in
Paragraph
1?
A.
Present
an
opinion
on
a
subject
B.
Advise
people
to
say"thank
you
"
C.
Introduce
a
topic
for
discussion
7.
Americans
will
say”
“if
they
don’t
want
any
more
food
A.I’m
good
B.
no
problem
C.thank
you
8.
According
to
Paragraph
3,
people
use
magic
words
less
because
.
A.
Americans
used
to
be
rude
and
casual
B.
they
like
to
choose
casual
ways
of
life
C.
casual
ways
are
not
normal
in
all
parts
of
life
9.
Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
according
to
the
passage?
A.
Words
we
use
change
with
time
and
culture
B.
Emily
Senning
set
the
standard
on
manners
with
the
book
Etiquette
C.
Few
people
think
American
are
becoming
ruder,
10.
The
writer
thinks
it
is
to
use“
have
a
good
one”.
A.rude
B.
OK
C.necessary
B
Welcome!
You've
arrived
at
the
website
of
my
new
story
The
Lckabog.
I
had
the
idea
for
The
Lckabog
a
long
time
ago
and
read
it
to
my
two
younger
children
each
night
while
I
was
working
on
it.
However,
when
the
time
came
to
publish
(出版)
it,
I
decided
to
put
out
a
book
for
adults
instead,
which
is
how
The
Lckabog
ended
up
in
the
attic
(阁楼).
Later,
I
became
busy
with
other
things,and
even
though
I
loved
the
story,
over
the
years
I
came
to
think
of
it
as
something
that
was
just
for
my
own
children.
Then
this
lockdown(居家隔离)
happened.It’s
been
very
hard
on
children.
So
I
brought
The
Lckabog
down
from
the
attic,
read
it
for
the
first
time
in
years,
rewrote
bits
of
it
and
then
read
it
to
my
children
again.
They
gave
me
some
suggestions,
and
here
we
are!
The
Lckabog
will
be
published
for
free
on
this
website.
It
isn’t
Harry
Potter
and
it
doesn't
include
magic.
This
is
a
totally
different
story.
The
most
exciting
part
is
that
I’d
like
you
to
illustrate
for
The
Lckabog.
What
would
you
like
to
draw?
You
can
enter
the
official
competition
for
the
chance
to
have
your
drawings
in
the
book.
Let
your
imagination
run
wildly!
If
you
would
like
to
share
your
artwork,
use
the
hashtag#The
Lckabog
on
Twitter.
When
the
book
is
published
in
November,
all
the
money
will
go
to
help
people
who
suffered
from
COVID-19.
I
hope
you
enjoy
reading
it
and
I
can't
wait
to
see
your
pictures!
Love,
J
K.
Rowling
11.Why
didn't
J
K
Rowling
publish
The
Lckabog
previously
(以前
)?
A.
Because
the
lockdown
happened
B.
Because
her
kids
wanted
to
keep
it
in
the
attic
C.
Because
she
published
an
adult
book.
12.
J
K.
Rowling
brought
The
Lckabog
down
from
the
attic
to
.
A.
rewrite
it
for
children
B.
give
children
suggestions
C.
read
it
for
the
first
time
13.
What
does
the
underlined
word"illustrate''
mean
in
Paragraph
6?
A.给建议
B.加插图
C.取名字
14.
Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
according
to
the
passage?
A.
You
need
to
pay
if
you
want
to
read
The
Lckabog
online
B.
You
can
get
the
paper
book
of
The
Lckabog
in
November
C.
If
you
want
to
share
your
artwork,
put
them
in
the
book
The
Lckabog
anytime
15.The
purpose
of
this
text
is
.
A.
to
call
for
children
to
illustrate
for
the
book
B.
to
describe
the
main
idea
of
The
Lckabog
C.
to
tell
us
what
kind
of
books
her
children
like
(广益中学2019-2020-2初三英语第二次模拟)
A
Artificial
Intelligence(AI)
has
been
in
the
news
a
lot
lately.
And
according
to
a
recent
report
from
the
Mckinsey
Global
Institute,
about
half
of
today’s
work
activities
could
be
automated(自动化的)by2055.
Could＂teaching＂be
on
that
list?
The
teacher
in
the
classroom
is
a
human
model.
When
a
human
teacher
is
able
to
show
advantages
of
learning,
learners
are
more
likely
to
be
inspired
to
work
harder
and
make
progress
Even
Al
with
advanced
technology
can’t
do
this.
So,
the
chances
are
that
your
job
is
safe
for
the
near
future.
But
it
is
going
to
change
and
robots
will
join
us
quite
soon,
as
teaching
assistants.
Recently,
a
Georgia
Tech
professor
has
used
an
AI
teaching
assistant
in
his
classroom,
which
allows
him
to
more
effectively
manage
over
400
students.
His
AI
teaching
assistant
helps
him
answer
more
routine
questions,
freeing
him
to
deal
with
some
complex
problems
which
are
difficult
to
solve
from
students.
Al
is
also
being
used
in
South
Korea
and
Japan
to
help
with
language
learning.
Students
can
go
through
any
variety
of
conversational
practices,
and
Al
can
correct
mistakes
in
usage
and
pronunciation.
In
fact,
research
shows
that
these
programs
can
help
solve
problems
like
shyness
and
frustration(挫败)that
can
appear
when
child
practice
repetitively
with
a
teacher.After
all,
a
robot
will
not
get
tired
or
annoyed
no
matter
how
many
mistakes
a
child
makes.
This
will
be
the
future
of
AI
in
the
classroom
Should
you
start
packing
up
your
desk?
Absolutely
not.
The
bottom
line
is
that
these
technologies
work
best
when
paired
with
an
active
human
teacher.
But
it
certainly
could
make
your
job
easier
and
more
efficient.
16.What
is
the
second
paragraph
mainly
about?
A.The
present
teaching
conditions
B.
The
advantage
of
human
teachers
C.
The
purpose
of
using
an
AI
teaching
technology
17.
What
does
the
underlined
word"complex"mean
in
Chinese?
A.复杂的
B.普遍的
C.完整的
18.
In
what
way
is
a
robot
better
than
a
human
teacher?
A.
It
is
more
patient
B.
It
is
more
creative
C.
It
is
more
convenient
19.Who
is
the
passage
probably
written
for?
A.Students
B.Teachers
C.
Parents
20.
Which
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.What
will
teachers
be
like
in
the
future
B.
The
benefit
of
using
teaching
assistants
C.
Could
AI
take
the
place
of
human
teachers?
B
Singer
Han
Hong
took
action
to
help
Wuhan,the
city
at
the
center
of
the
coronavirus
outbreak(新冠病毒爆发),
Han
Hong
had
planned
to
hold
the
first
concert
of
her
2020
national
tour
in
Wuhan
on
February29.
But
she
called
off
the
show
and
called
on
people
to
donate(捐款）to
the
city
.Soon
over
2
billion
yuan
was
donated
through
Han
Hong
Love
Charity
Foundation
which
she
founded
in
2012.
When
you'
re
going
through
a
situation
like
this,
you
want
to
do
anything
you
can
to
help.
There
are
so
many
kind
people
out
there,
"wrote
a
fan,
who
donated
through
Han’s
foundation.
"It's
good
to
know
that
there
are
trucks
with
medical
things
going
straight
to
the
hospitals.
They
are
badly
needed".
In
2008,
Han
held
a
charity
performance
for
Wenchuan,
Sichuan
Province,
after
an
earthquake,
That
inspired
her
to
found
her
foundation.
Over
the
years,
she
has
donated
to
people
in
different
disasters,
including
an
earthquake
in
Yushu,Qinghai
Province,
in
2010,
a
huge
mudslide(泥石流）in
Gansu
Province
and
an
earthquake
in
Yunnan
Province
in
2013.
"I
almost
spent
all
my
savings.
That’s
what
I
want
to
do
and
what
I
can
do,
“Han
said
in
an
interview
on
the
online
show,Opinion,
in
2015.
"Many
people
don'
t
trust
charity
organizations
to
use
their
donations
properly.
Charities
are
held
at
a
higher
standard
and
need
to
win
people's
trust
".The
show
also
reported
that
Han
had
helped
over
200
orphans(孤儿)since
1999.
21.
What
can
we
learn
about
Han
Hong
from
Paragraph
1?
A.
She
held
a
concert
in
Wuhan
before
the
coronavirus
outbreak
B.
She
founded
a
charity
foundation
ten
years
ago
C.
She
has
a
great
influence
on
the
public
22.
Which
of
the
the
following
is
NOT
TRUE?
A.
The
medical
things
are
send
to
the
hospitals
by
ruck
straightly
B.
In
order
to
help
people
in
Yushu
earthquake,
Han
held
a
charity
performance
C.
Because
of
the
coronavirus
outbreak,
Han
canceled
her
concert
in
Wuhan.
23.When
did
Han
Hong
get
the
ideas
of
foundation?
A
After
a
mudslide
happened
in
Gansu
Province
B.
After
an
earthquake
happened
in
Yunnan
Province
C.
After
an
earthquake
happened
in
Sichuan
Province
24.
In
Han's
opinion,
what
do
charities
need
to
do?
A.
To
provide
a
new
standard.
B.
To
make
good
use
of
donations.
C.
To
pay
more
attention
to
orphans
25.What
dos
the
passage
mainly
talk
about?
A.
Han’s
foundation
B.
The
donations
to
Wuhan
C.
Han's
efforts
to
help
people
第七讲
阅读理解做题技巧（二）
参考答案
1-5
ACBBA
6-10
BABAA
11-15
AABBA
16-20
BAABA
21-25
CBCBC
21世纪教育网
www.21cnjy.com
精品试卷·第
2
页
（共
2
页）
HYPERLINK
"http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
"
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)