(共33张PPT)
Section C Listening and Speaking，Writing，Further Reading
课堂互动探究
预习多维感知
写作专题突破
Section C
预习多维感知
Ⅰ.词语翻译
1．at a higher/lower altitude ________________
2．keep...from... ________________
3．at the time of... ________________
4．block out ________________
答案：1.在高、低海拔 2.阻止；抑制 3.在……的时候 4.遮住；挡住
Ⅱ.根据课文“Climate”完成短文
Climate，the 1.____________ weather for a place over many years，is different in different places.In fact，many factors have an effect on it，such as sunshine，temperature，and precipitation.2.____________ to mountains，oceans，and large lakes affects it too.Another factor is 3.____________，or height above sea level.Air 4.____________ as altitude increases.Finally，5.____________ affect climate，which can keep the tropics from overheating and the polar regions from
getting overly cold.Climate changes over long periods of time.Onepossible cause may be changes in the 6.____________.Sunspots may decrease precipitation on the earth and cause unusually dry periods.Changes in the 7.____________ may change climate too.8.____________ activity is another cause of climate change.9.____________ pollution and the reduction of 10.____________ cover may have long-term effects on climate.
答案：1.average 2.Nearness 3.altitude 4.cools
5．winds 6.sun 7.atmosphere 8.Human 9.Air 10.forest
课堂互动探究
1.affect...
词汇精研
观察理解
1)The rise in prices will affect all classes.
2)Some plants are quickly affected by cold.
3)He was deeply affected by my words.
4)This disease affects millions of people in the world every year.
归纳拓展
1)影响
2)感动，打动
3)(疾病)侵袭，感染
现学现用
1)We are interested in the weather because it ________ us so directly－what we wear，what we do，and how we feel.
A．benefits B．guides
C．affects D．effects
解析：选C。句意：我们之所以对天气如此感兴趣，是因为它直接影响着我们——我们的穿戴、行为和感觉。benefit使受益；guide指导；affect影响；effect作动词时表示“产生，导致”。故C项符合句意。
2.decrease
观察理解
1)In the last ten years cars have generally decreased in size.
2)The membership decreased to 150.
3)There has been a decrease in the annual birth rate for the last twenty years.
归纳拓展
decrease to...减少到……
decrease by...减少了……
a decrease in...在……方面减少了
on the decrease...在减少
现学现用
2)Over the past decades，sea ice ________ in the Arctic as a result of global warming.
A．had decreased
B．decreased
C．has been decreasing
D．is decreasing
解析：选C。考查动词的时态。从前面的Over the past decades可知，此处应用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去一直持续到现在并将持续下去。
3.in terms of
观察理解
1)In terms of customer satisfaction，the policy cannot be criticized.
2)What they have done is good for the environment in the long terms.
3)All of my roommates are on good terms with each other.
归纳拓展
in the long/short term 就长期/短期而言
be on good/bad terms with sb. 与某人交情好/不好
come to terms(＝make terms) 达成协议；和好
in sb.’s terms 在某人看来，根据某人的观点
现学现用
3)Tom is very young.But ________ working ability，he’s much more experienced than others.
A．in praise of
B．in face of
C．in need of
D．in terms of
解析：选D。句意：汤姆很年轻。但是在工作能力方面，他要比其他人有经验的多。in praise of赞扬；in face of面对；in need of需要；in terms of在……方面，就……而言。根据句意选D。
4.keep...from...
观察理解
1)My parents kept me from going out at night.
2)Keep the surface free from/of dirt by putting a cover over it.
3)For some patients，medicine can keep them alive.
4)His funny jokes kept us laughing all through the meal.
归纳拓展
keep...free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)
keep sb./sth.＋adj./adv./prep. 使……保持……
keep sb./sth.＋doing 使……一直处于……
keep doing 持续做某事(强调不间断性)
keep on doing 继续做某事(强调反复性)
现学现用
4)Something must be done to keep ________.
A．the boy to make noise
B．the boy making noise
C．the noise from making by the boy
D．the boy from making noise
解析：选D。句意：一定要想办法阻止那个男孩子吵闹。keep sb.from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”，其中介词from不能省略。
句型巧析
1.原句展示
A simple way of remembering the difference is that “climate” is what you expect(e.g.，cold winters)and “weather” is what you get(e.g.，a sandstorm)．(page 43)
记住这种区别的简单的方法就是“气候”是你所期待的(比如寒冷的冬季)，“天气”是你所经历的(比如沙尘暴)。
句法简析
该句使用了what引导的表语从句，且what在从句中分别作expect和get的宾语。
1)This is what I want.
这就是我想要的。
2)Xiao Li is no longer what he used to be.
小李不再是以前的样子了。
3)Action，not talk was what she graded her students on.
她划分学生程度的依据不是学生的言词，而是学生的行为。
现学现用
1)(2011年高考陕西卷)I’d like to start my own business－that’s ________ I’d do if I had the money.
A．why B．when
C．which D．what
解析：选D。考查表语从句。句意：我想自己做生意——那是我如果有钱就会做的事情。从句中的do是及物动词，缺少宾语，所以将A和B排除，这两个选项在从句中常常作状语。which引导名词性从句时，意为“哪个，哪些”，一般用于有一定范围可供选择的情况。不合逻辑，故用what。
2.原句展示
...and in no two places in the world is it exactly the same.(page 43)
……而且世界上没有哪两个地方的气候是完全一样的。
句法简析
这是一个部分倒装句。具有否定意义的副词或短语如never，nor，neither，seldom，little，not，hardly，scarcely，not only，no sooner，in no case等置于句首时，句子应采用部分倒装结构。
1)In no way can we allow this to go on.
我们绝不允许这样的事再继续下去了。
2)Never before have I seen such a moving film.
我以前从未看过这么感人的电影。
3)Hardly had he begun to speak when his father stopped him.
他刚一开始说话他父亲就制止了他。
现学现用
2)(2011年高考福建卷)—It’s nice.Never before ________ such a special drink!
—I’m glad you like it.
A．I have had B．I had
C．have I had D．had I
解析：选C。考查时态及倒装。never是否定副词，置于句首，句子要部分倒装；由语意可知说话人以前从未喝过这样特别的饮料，应该用现在完成时，故选C项。
写作专题突破
便条
【策略探究】
便条是为了临时通知或转告某事而写的一种简单的书信，如请假、留言、与人约会、转告电话以及非正式邀请等。便条多用于熟人之间。一般写在纸上，不用信封。内容单纯，格式简单。主要包括称呼、正文、署名、日期等。
【典例展示】
假设你叫李文，住在某海滨城市，你接到朋友刘娜写来的英文信，约你下周六一起去海滨公园郊游。现在你写封回信，说明你不能接受邀请，因为你已答应那天到乡下去看望一位朋友，并表示歉意。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．文章的开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
【联想词汇】
1．郊游，远足 ________________
2．离开 ________________
3．很遗憾地说…… ________________
4．许诺做某事 ________________
5．玩得痛快 ________________
答案：1.outing 2.get away 3.sorry to say that...
4．promise to do... 5.have a good time
【由词连句】
1．我已经许诺去看望一个朋友。
I ____________________________ see a friend.
答案：have already promised to
2．我希望你们玩得愉快！
I wish all of you would ________________________！
答案：have a good time
【范文借鉴】
Friday
Dear Liu Na，
It is very kind of you to propose a day’s outing in the Seashore Park.I only wish I could join you，because I consider staying with good friends is the most exciting thing in the world，but I’m sorry to say I shall not be able to get away，as I have already promised to see a friend in the countryside next Saturday.I wish all of you would have a good time.Thank you all the same.
Yours，
Li Wen
【精彩再现】
写便条时应注意以下几点：
1．称呼比较随便，不必像信件那样正规，可直呼其名。同书信一样，称呼应写在正文的左上角。
2．正文要求简单扼要，往往只需两三句话说明情况即可。
3．署名写在右下角。通常省去书信中结尾客套话部分，只留姓名。
4．便条日期一般写在右上角略高于称呼的位置。通常不必写年、月，只写日期或星期几、上(下)午或几点钟。
课时训练
本部分内容讲解结束
点此进入课件目录
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谢谢使用(共3张PPT)
Unit 3 Living Planet?
心灵鸡汤
环保已成为时下的流行词。作为少年儿童的我们，能够为环保做点什么呢？
Over 100 children from seven countries took part in the International Juniors’ Conference for the Environment in Tokyo.They went to talk about what they could do to help the environment.
The International Juniors’ Conference for the Environment was held by Taiyoh-no-Kai (Society of the Sun). Taiyoh-no-Kai is an organization that encourages young people to do something to protect the environment.
During the conference, children shared ideas on what they could do to get along with nature and protect natural resources. They tried to think up practical ideas so that they could continue their efforts as they grew older. At the end of the conference, the children voted on several ideas and agreed to do the following things: to be active in recycling, to be more in contact with nature, to use bicycles more, to plant more trees and to protect animals.
“The important thing now is to continue what you have talked about today in your everyday life，”said Professor Masaru Kitano.
“I am very surprised that there are so many things I can do to help the environment.I want to do whatever I can from what I learned today，”said an 11-year-old Japanese child.(共38张PPT)
Section A Getting Ready and Reading
课堂互动探究
Unit 1
预习多维感知
Section A
预习多维感知
Ⅰ.词语翻译
1．at least ________________
2．above the level of the sea ________________
3．far away ________________
4. be covered with/by... ________________
5．make up ________________
6．play a role in... ________________
答案：1.至少 2.海平面以上 3.遥远；深远
4.被……所覆盖 5.形成、构成或组成某物
6.在……方面起作用
Ⅱ.句型必背
1．The flattening and swelling are too small to see.
(两极的)扁平和(赤道的)凸出都无法察觉。
2．The part of the soil in which crops grow is rarely more than 20 inches deep.
能耕种庄稼的那部分土壤很少超过20英寸。
3．It may take you weeks to climb Mount Everest，which is a little more than 5.5 miles above sea level.
你可能需要花费好几周的时间才能登上珠穆朗玛峰，它高出海平面5.5英里多。
Ⅲ.根据课文“Our Earth”完成短文
The earth，the 1.____________ planet from the sun，made up of the shrinking and clumping together of a vast cloud of 2.____________ and gas in 3.____________ space，was formed at least 4.____________ billion years ago.Seen from space，it looks like a perfect 5.____________.Nearly three?quarters of the earth’s surface is covered with water，almost all of which makes up the oceans which play a very important 6.____________ in keeping the earth’s 7.____________ relatively stable.One?fourth of the earth’s surface is
8.____________，about one?fifth of which is always covered by ice.The very thin 9.____________ of air，soil and water form a very narrow band from the bottom of the sea to the top of the thickest part of the atmosphere，the biosphere，within which all living thing 10.____________.
答案：1.third 2.dust 3.outer 4.five 5.ball 6.role 7.temperature 8.land 9.coverings 10.exist
课堂互动探究
1.shrink
It was formed from the shrinking and clumping together of a vast cloud of dust and gas in outer space.(page 34)
词汇精研
观察理解
1)The market for their products is shrinking.
2)We made it clear to them that we would not shrink from confrontation.
3)My sweater shrank in the wash.
归纳拓展
1)vt.& vi.收缩，(使)皱缩，缩短，减少
2)vi.退缩，畏缩
3)shrink from sth.畏缩，回避(困难)等
现学现用
翻译填空
1)They did not ____________ doing what was right.
只要做得对，他们就无所畏惧。
答案：shrink from
2.rise
This is a very small rise when compared with the size of the whole earth.(page 34)
观察理解
1)Tenants face a 20% rent rise.
2)House prices are likely to rise towards the end of this year.
3)He rose to his feet and tapped on the table as if to speak.
比较网站
rise，raise，arise
原形 意义 用法 过去式 过去分词
rise 上升，
升起 主语自身移向更高的位置 rose risen
raise 举起，
抬高 主语的动作作用于其他事物，也可表示抽象意义，如提高觉悟等 raised raised
arise 出现，
发生 常用于事物或问题的出现 arose arisen
现学现用
单项填空
2)No further financial problem ________，but we still couldn’t make both ends meet.
A．rose
B．arose
C．aroused
D．raised
解析：选B。考查动词辨析。句意：虽然没有出现进一步的经济问题，但我们仍然不能做到收支平衡。rise自然事物/景物的升起；arise(尤指问题或困境)发生，产生，出现；arouse激起，引起(情感、态度)；raise举起，抬起，抚养，为及物动词。结合语意及用法，B项最佳。
翻译填空
3)A new crisis has ________.
新危机已经出现。
4)Prices are ________.
物价正在上涨。
5)They ________ their offer to $500.
他们将出价抬高到500美元。
答案：3)arisen 4)rising 5)raised
3.exist
The earth is the only planet on which water can exist in liquid form on the surface.(page 34)
观察理解
1)Other wonderful world exists all around us.
2)There exist many opportunities for regional development.
3)This law came into existence in 1918.
归纳拓展
exist on... 靠……为生
exist by... 靠……方式为生
exist in... 存在于……之中
There exists/existed... 某地有……；存在
existence n. 存在；生存
come into existence 产生；开始存在
in existence 存在
现学现用
6)I can hardly ________ on the wage I’m getting；there is no money for luxuries.
A．excite
B．exit
C．exist
D．exact
解析：选C。句意：我靠我挣的工资简直难以糊口，根本无钱享受。本空缺少的是谓语动词，exist意为“生存”。
4.at least
Many scientists believe that the earth，as well as the sun and the other planets in our solar system，was formed at least five billion years ago.(page 34)
观察理解
1)It’ll take you at least 20 minutes to get there.
2)—Do you mind if I put the television on
—No，not in the least!
3)I like that least of all.
归纳拓展
at least 起码，至少，不管怎样
at the very least 最起码
not the least(＝not in the least/not at all)
一点也不，绝不
least of all(在许多……之中)最不……的
现学现用
7)The house still needed a lot of work，but ________ the kitchen was finished.
A．instead
B．altogether
C．at once
D．at least
解析：选D。句意：房子还需要很多工作，但至少厨房已经完工。instead代替，而不是；altogether总共；at once立刻，马上；at least至少，符合句意。
5.make up
Almost all of this water makes up the oceans which play a very important role in keeping the earth’s temperature relatively stable.(page 34)
观察理解
1)Women make up 56% of the student numbers.
2)They two finally made up after two months’ time without even a single word.
3)They made up for their inexperience by careful preparation for each lesson.
4)The committee is made up of seven members.
归纳拓展
make up for 弥补；补偿
make up with... 与……言归于好
be made up of... 由……组成
现学现用
8)He had no choice but to ________ an excuse to explain his being late.
A．make out
B．make up
C．make up for
D．make over
解析：选B。make out分辨，理解；make up编造，弥补；make up for弥补；make over改做，重做。根据句意可知选B。
句型巧析
1.原句展示
The flattening and swelling are too small to see.(page 34)
(两极的)扁平和(赤道的)凸出都无法察觉。
句法简析
(1)too＋adj./adv.＋to do sth.太……而不能做某事，表示否定意义。
①That crossword is too difficult for me to guess.
那种纵横字谜对我来说太难了，我猜不出来。
(2)某些形容词与too...to...句型连用时，too(＝very)表示肯定的意义。这些形容词多为表示情感的词，如glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，easy，willing，ready，eager，anxious等。
②They seemed to be too nervous and were too anxious to leave.
他们好像过分紧张，并且十分急于离开。
(3)“too...to...”结构和never，not等否定副词连用时，表示肯定意义，意为“无论……也不过分，越……越好”。
③We are never too old to learn.
活到老，学到老。
(4)如在too前加上only，but，all，simply或just时，表示肯定意义。
④Sadly this kind of rude behaviour is becoming all too common these days.
如今这种粗鲁行为正变成常见之事，令人悲哀。
现学现用
1)—Must I turn off the gas after cooking
—Of course.You can never be ________ careful with that.
A．too
B．very
C．so
D．enough
解析：选A。考查固定用法。never be too careful意为“再怎么仔细也不为过，越仔细越好”。故答案为A。
2.原句展示
It may take you weeks to climb Mount Everest，which is a little more than 5.5 miles above sea level.(page 35)
你可能需要花费好几周的时间才能登上珠穆朗玛峰，它高出海平面5.5英里多。
句法简析
It takes/took sb./sth.some time to do sth.花费某人
(多长时间)做……；需要某人(某种特殊品质，如耐力、努力等)去做……。it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式。
1)It takes five hours to go from New York to London.
从纽约到伦敦需要5个小时的时间。
2)It takes strength and stamina to be a long-distance runner.
要想成为一名长跑运动员，需要有体力和耐力。
3)It takes so long to list everything that Oprah Winfrey has done.
你无法用三言两语来概括奥普拉·温弗瑞的个人成就。
现学现用
2)The accident ________ him his life.It ________ 5 years for his wife to ________ off the debts he left.
A．spent；cost；take
B．took；spent；pay
C．cost；spent；take
D．cost；took；pay
解析：选D。cost sb.sth.“使某人失去(生命，健康等)”；It takes some time for sb.to do sth.“花费某人时间做某事”；pay off “还清”。
课时训练
本部分内容讲解结束
点此进入课件目录
按ESC键退出全屏播放
谢谢使用(共36张PPT)
Section B Language Focus
课堂互动探究
Unit 1
预习多维感知
Section B
预习多维感知
Ⅰ.词语翻译
1．pay attention to ________________
2．divide...into ... ________________
3．in good order ________________
4．suffer from ________________
5．add up to ________________
答案：1.注意 2.把……分成…… 3.很整齐，情况良好 4.苦于……；患……病 5.合计达；总计达
Ⅱ.语法现象体验
1．(2011年高考陕西卷)Claire had her luggage ________ an hour before her plane left.
A．check B．checking
C．to check D．checked
解析：选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：在飞机起飞前一个小时Claire对行李进行了安检。check与luggage之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词形式表示被动，构成have＋宾语＋过去分词结构，表示“找人做……”或“使……被……”。
2．(2011年高考重庆卷)Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams.
A．reminding B．to remind
C．reminded D．remind
解析：选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：Michael把姚明的图片张贴在床边是为了提醒自己要实现自己的梦想。remind sb.of sth.表示“提醒某人某事”，himself与remind之间是动宾关系，故用动词的过去分词形式。
3．(2011年高考浙江卷)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ________ for words.
A．lose
B．lost
C．to lose
D．having lost
解析：选B。考查非谓语动词。此处lost是过去分词作themselves的宾语补足语。语意表示“即使是最好的作家有时候也会找不到合适的话表达自己”，所以答案选B项。
课堂互动探究
过去分词作表语和宾语补足语
规则展示
一、过去分词作表语
1．当“人”作主语时用过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等。
When we heard of it，we were deeply moved.
当我们听到这件事时，被深深地感动了。
语法精讲
He seemed quite delighted at the idea.
听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。
2．不要把过去分词作表语与被动语态混为一谈。分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示被动的动作。
On the earth,70% of the surface is covered with water.
地球表面70%是被水覆盖的。(状态)
I was greatly surprised by a knock at the door.
敲门声使我大为吃惊。(动作)
【注意】 “be＋过去分词”表状态时，是“系＋表”结构，此时后面多跟at，with，in等介词引起的短语；表行为时，是被动结构，有时后面有by短语表示动作执行者。
规则展示
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
1．在英语中，有些动词若只带一个宾语，句子的意义还很不完整，需另带一部分来说明宾语的情况或状态，我们就把这一部分叫做宾语补足语，简称宾补。
过去分词作宾补时，(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)，表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。作宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。
The boy is having his body examined.
这个男孩正在检查身体。(宾补examine与宾语his body之间是动宾关系)
2．常见的过去分词作宾补的情况有：
(1)过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep，leave等的后面。
They kept the door locked for a long time.
他们把门锁了好长一段时间。
(2)“have＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示两种含义：①表示“让某人做某事”；②表示“遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击”。
I must go to town to have my computer repaired.
我得进城找人修理我的电脑。
My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.
上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。
(3)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词的动作常表示结果。
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
我提高了嗓门以便被人家听到。
(4)过去分词常用在感官动词watch，notice，see，hear，feel，find等的后面。
When we got to school，we saw the door locked.
当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。
(5)过去分词用在want，wish，like，expect，order等表示“希望，愿望，命令”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。
The teacher wouldn’t like the problem discussed at the moment.
老师不想此刻讨论这个问题。
(6)过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
With many brightly-colored flowers planted around the building，his house looks like a beautiful garden.
由于周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花，他的房子看上去就像一座漂亮的花园。
规则运用
—Good morning.Can I help you
—I’d like to have this package ________，madam.
A．be weighed
B．to be weighed
C．to weigh
D．weighed
解析：选D。have sth.done为固定用法，意思是“让某事被(别人)做”，其中过去分词作宾语补足语。
规则展示
三、过去分词、不定式和现在分词作宾补时的区别
过去分词作宾补强调被动或完成，或者两者兼而有之；不定式作宾补强调动作发生的全过程；现在分词作宾补强调主动与正在进行。
I saw her taken out of the classroom.
我看见她被人从教室带了出来。(take与her是逻辑上的动宾关系，且“带出来”这一动作已经完成)
I saw her come into the classroom.
我看见她进入教室了。(强调“进入”这一动作发生的全过程)
I saw her coming into the classroom.
我看见她正进入教室。(come与her是逻辑上的主谓关系，且“进入”这一动作正在发生)
1.engaged
观察理解
1)Right now I’m engaged.
2)He is now engaged on his second novel.
3)She’s engaged to Peter.
4)I can’t get through－the line’s engaged.
词汇精研
归纳拓展
be engaged in/on(doing)sth.忙于/从事(做)某事
get/be engaged to sb.与某人订婚
been engaged with sth.忙于某事
现学现用
1)Tom ________ the girl that he ________ four years ago.
A．married；engaged
B．was married to；was engaged
C．has been married to；was engaged to
D．married with；was engaged in
解析：选C。句意：汤姆与四年前与之订婚的那个女孩结婚了。be married to与……结婚，表状态，可与现在完成时连用；be engaged to与……订婚。
2.observe
观察理解
1)Do you observe Christmas
2)Ben knew that someone had observed him meet Ryan.
3)Does everyone observe the speed limit in your country
4)I observed that several students were asleep.
归纳拓展
observe Christmas/May Day 庆祝圣诞节/五一劳动节
observe sb.do sth.看到某人做了某事
observe sb.doing sth.看到某人(正在)做某事
observe a rule/the law 遵守规则/法律
observe＋that从句 注意到/观察……
3.suffer from
观察理解
1)Many companies are suffering from a shortage of skilled staff.
2)He suffered from asthma.
比较网站
suffer from，suffer
1)suffer from后接遭受战争、自然灾害等带来的苦难及患病之苦。
2)suffer作及物动词时，其宾语常为pain，loss，grief，insult，punishment，hardship，injustice，disappointment等表示精神痛苦的名词。
现学现用
翻译填空
2)His company ________ a great loss due to the heavy rain.
由于大雨他的公司蒙受了巨大的损失。
3)He was absent from school today，because he is ________ a bad cold.
他今天没来上课，因为他患了重感冒。
答案：2)suffered 3)suffering from
4. add up to
观察理解
①His illness added to the family’s trouble.
他生病了，这给他的家庭增添了麻烦。
②Add your scores up and we’ll see who won.
把你们的得分加起来，我们就可以看出谁赢了。
③These figures add up to fifty.
这些数字总计为50。
归纳拓展
add...to... 把……加到……上
add to 增加；增添
add up sth./add sth.up 把……加起来；合计
现学现用
4)—Would you like to drink some coffee with some sugar or milk
—Oh，I’d like some milk ________ the coffee.
A．added on
B．added to
C．added up to
D．added up
解析：选B。add sth.to sth.意为“将某物加到某物中”，此处是将牛奶加入咖啡里，milk与add为逻辑上的被动关系。
句型巧析
原句展示
Consult your dictionary if necessary.(page 40)
如有必要的话，查阅你的词典。
句法简析
(1)if necessary意为“如有必要的话”，是if it is necessary的省略形式，常在句中作插入语，起补充说明的作用。if，when，while，once，whether，unless等引导的从句中如果含有be动词的某种形式，且从句的主语与主句主语一致或从句的主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词可以省略。
1)If necessary，we can pay in cash.
如有必要的话，我们可以付现金。
2)He won’t come unless invited.
除非受到邀请，他才会来。
(2)if引导省略的情况还有下列几种：
if any 如果有的话
if possible 如果可能的话
if so 如果是这样的话
if ever 如果曾经有的话
if not 如果不这样的话
现学现用
翻译填空
1)Send it by air mail ________________.
如果可能的话，用航空邮寄。
2)I might be away next week.____________，I won’t be able to see you.
下星期我可能外出。要是那样，我就见不到你了。
答案：1)if possible 2)If so
单项填空
3)I don’t think they have any food left.________，lend them some.
A．If possible
B．If so
C．If not
D．If ever
解析：选B。句意为：我认为他们没有什么剩余的食物了。如果这样的话，借给他们一些。if so“如果是这样”，符合句意，故选B项。如把题干中的don’t去掉，并把any改为some，则选C项。
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