(共36张PPT)
Section A Getting Ready and Reading
课堂互动探究
Unit 1
预习多维感知
Section A
预习多维感知
Ⅰ.词语翻译
1．be quick to________________
2．build up________________
3．lie in________________
4．combine...with...________________
5．make money________________
6．search for________________
7．take an interest in...________________
8．care about________________
9．would rather...than...________________
10．at birth________________
11．as follows________________
12．make improvement________________
答案：1.敏于 2.建立 3.在于…… 4.将……与……相结合 5.挣钱 6.搜查；搜索 7.对……有兴趣 8.关心 9.宁愿……而不愿…… 10.出生时 11.如下 12.改善
Ⅱ.句型必背
1．...and by the time he was twenty，he became a skillful chemist and excellent linguist，speaking Swedish，Russian，German，French and English.
……到他二十岁的时候，他已经成为一个熟练的化学家和优秀的语言学家，能说瑞典语、俄语、德语、法语和英语。
2．“I’d rather take care of the stomachs of the living than the glory of the dead in the form of stone memorials，”he once said.
他曾经说道，“我宁愿关心生者的生存问题，不愿关心死者石头纪念碑带来的荣耀。”
3．...and he spent much time and money working for this cause until his death in Italy in 1896.
……为此他投入了大量时间和金钱，直到1896年在意大利去世。
Ⅲ.根据课文“Alfred Nobel and His Will”完成下列短文
Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm on October 21,1833.By the time he was 1.____________， he became a skillful 2.____________and excellent linguist.In 1859, he returned from Russia and began to study 3.____________in his father’s laboratory.Not only he was imaginative and inventive, but he had better luck in 4.____________and showed more 5.____________sense.His greatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of
an original scientist with those of a 6.____________industrialist.But seldom happy, he was always searching for a 7.____________to life，he cared deeply about the whole of mankind and spent much time and money working for his cause until his death in 1896.In his 8.____________， the whole remaining wealth shall be divided into five parts to the persons who have made the most important 9.____________in the fields of physics，10.____________， medicine，literature and brotherhood regardless of their nationality.
答案：1.twenty 2.chemist 3.explosives 4.business 5．financial 6.forward looking 7.meaning 8.will 9．achievements 10.chemistry
课堂互动探究
1.respect
And so，the man who felt he should have died at birth is remembered and respected long after his death.(page 46)
词汇精研
观察理解
1)The US should respect China’s territorial integrity over the Diaoyu Islands.
2)Show respect for your teenager’s privacy.
3)Out of respect for the wishes of her family，the affair was not reported in the newspaper.
4)In many respects the new version is less good than the old one.
归纳拓展
1)v.尊敬；尊重；考虑，重视
2)n.尊重；尊敬 (pl.)；敬意；问候；考虑；方面
have respect for sb./show respect to sb.尊重某人
out of respect for sb.出于对某人的尊敬
in all/many respects在各方面/在许多方面
in respect of关于，至于；作为对……的报酬
with respect to关于；就……而言
现学现用
1)In a way，I think we both won—I won the game but you won my ________.
A．support B．favour
C．respect D．impression
解析：选C。句意：在某种程度上，我认为我们俩都赢了——我赢得了比赛，但是你赢得了我的尊敬。support“支持”；favour“赞同”；impression“印象”，均不符合句意。只有respect“尊敬”符合语意，故选C。
2.worthy
...but the most worthy shall receive the prize...(page 47)
观察理解
1)The book is worthy of being read.＝The book is worthy to be read.
2)Teaching is a worthy cause.
3)The meeting was attended by local worthies.
比较网站
worth，worthwhile，worthy
1)worth：表示“值的……”之意，常作表语，也可作后置定语或宾补。常用于如下两种句型：sth.be worth＋money (the price)价值……/sth.be well worth＋v. ing值得做……。
2)worthwhile：可构成It is worthwhile to do/doing sth.表示“值得做……”。
3)worthy：“值得”、“应……的”、“足以……”，表示对某事有资格或合适的意思，通常作表语，后跟of短语或不定式，常用于如下句型：sth.be worthy of sth./sth.be worthy of being done/sth.be worthy to be done。
现学现用
翻译填空
2)I wonder how much the ring is ________.
我想知道这枚戒指值多少钱。
3)It’s ________taking the trouble to explain a job fully to new employees.
给新雇员详细解释一下工作要点，费点劲也是值得的。
4)The plan is only ________of our contempt.
这计划一文不值。
答案：2)worth 3)worthwhile 4)worthy
3.search for
观察理解
1)Whole neighborhood was out searching for her.
2)In the past hundred years，humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources.
3)The police searched the suspect but found no weapon on him.
归纳拓展
search sb./sp.搜身/搜某地
in search of寻找；寻求
现学现用
5)A group of soldiers went into the woods ________the missing pilot.
A．in search of
B．search for
C．searched of
D．searched for
解析：选A。句意：一群士兵进入树林去寻找那位失踪的飞行员。in search of...“寻找……”。若选B，则应改为searching for。
4.care about
观察理解
1)People all over the world are caring about the future of Libya.
2)All she cares about is her social activities.
3)They don’t care (about) what will happen to the family.
4)Fragile—handle with care.
归纳拓展
care about忧虑；关心；惦念
care for 喜爱；照顾；重视
take care 当心
take care of 照料；关怀；处理
with care 小心；慎重
现学现用
6)That old man is so greedy (贪婪的) that he ________nothing but money，not even his relatives.
A．looks about B．searches for
C．cares about D．takes care of
解析：选C。本题考查词语辨析。look about意思是“到处看”；search for意思是“寻找”，相当于look for；care about意思是“关心；在乎”；take care of意思是“照料”。
句型巧析
1.原句展示
...and by the time he was twenty，he became a skillful chemist and excellent linguist，speaking Swedish，Russian，German，French and English.(page 46)
……到他二十岁的时候，他已经成为一个熟练的化学家和优秀的语言学家，能说瑞典语、俄语、德语、法语和英语。
句法简析
句中by the time引导的是时间状语从句。
by the time＋一般过去时，主句一般用过去完成时。
by the time＋一般现在时，主句一般用将来时或将来完成时。
by the end of＋过去时间，谓语部分用过去完成时。
by the end of＋将来时间，谓语部分用将来完成时。
1)By the time you get this letter，I’ll be in Canada.
等你收到这封信的时候，我已经在加拿大了。
2)By the time he was twelve，he had learned mathematics all by himself.
到他12岁时，他已经自学了数学。
现学现用
1)By the end of next term，I ______________5,000 English words.
到下学期末，我将会学习5000个英语单词。
答案：will have learned
单项填空
2)When I talked with my grandma on the phone，she sounded weak，but by the time we ________up，her voice had been full of life.
A．were hanging B．had hung
C．hung D．would hang
解析：选C。考查时态。句型“by the time＋一般过去时”，主句通常用过去完成时，表示“到……的时候，已经……”。此题中的主句用的是过去完成时，故空处应选用一般过去时。
2.原句展示
“I’d rather take care of the stomachs of the living than the glory of the dead in the form of stone memorials，”he once said.(page 46)
他曾经说道，“我宁愿关心生者的生存问题，不愿关心死者石头纪念碑带来的荣耀。”
句法简析
本句中用了would rather do...than do...句式，意为“宁愿……而(不愿)……/与其……倒不如……”。
1)I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.
我宁可在家看电视而不去看电影。
would rather have done本来想……而未实现
2)I would rather not say what I think.
我宁愿不说出自己的想法。
3)I’d rather you didn’t tell him.
我宁愿你没告诉他。
现学现用
3)I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus，________？
A．hadn’t you B．wouldn’t you
C．aren’t I D．didn’t she
解析：选B。在反意疑问句中，如果主句的谓语动词是think，suppose，believe，imagine，be sure等，且主语为第一人称，简略问句仅有肯定或否定是与主句相对应，而主语和时态要与宾语从句一致。
4)Rather than ________on a crowded bus，he always prefers ________a bicycle.
A．ride；ride
B．riding；ride
C．ride；to ride
D．to ride；ride
解析：选C。句意：他总是宁愿骑自行车而不坐拥挤的公共汽车。prefer to do...rather than do...比起做……宁愿做……，宁愿做……而不做……。
课时训练
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谢谢使用(共51张PPT)
Section C Listening and Speaking，Writing，Further Reading
课堂互动探究
预习多维感知
写作专题突破
Section C
预习多维感知
Ⅰ.词语翻译
1．be chosen as____________
2．spend time doing sth.________________
3．out of curiosity________________
4．have no thoughts of________________
5．at the beginning of...________________
6．make notes of________________
7．with great care________________
8．start out from________________
9．on the way________________
10．separate from________________
11．come to the conclusion________________
12．at the end of________________
13．lead to________________
答案：1.被选为 2.花时间做…… 3.出于好奇心 4.根本没想到…… 5.从一开始，开始，起初，首先 6.记下 7.小心翼翼地 8.从……出发/动身 9.在途中；接近 10.分离；分开 11.得出结论 12.在……末端/尽头 13.导致；通向
Ⅱ.根据课文“Charles Darwin and His Famous Trip”完成短文
On December 27,1831，a ship called the H．M.S.Beagle，left England for the coast of South America.Charles Darwin，as a brilliant scientific 1.____________，had gone on the voyage without any payment but only out of scientific 2.____________.At the beginning of the voyage，Charles Darwin had not got any idea about 3.____________.But the experience aboard give him good chances to study the discover.He 4.____________rocks，plants，animals
and fossils，made notes of observations and 5.____________and listed what he had collected.The Beagle made several stops on the way and the most famous stop was in the Galapagos Islands 6.____________Charles Darwin could study many 7.____________animals.The observations there helped him to form his theory.Charles Darwin got a lot of useful information after this 8.____________voyage and almost thirty years later he 9.____________his famous book The Origin of Species，which completely changed man’s idea about his 10.____________.
答案：1.thinker 2.curiosity 3.evolution 4.collected 5．classified 6.where 7.extraordinary 8.five year 9．published 10.origins
课堂互动探究
1.aboard
...but if Charles Darwin had not been aboard，...(page 54)
词汇精研
观察理解
1)He was already aboard the plane.
2)The plane crashed killing all 157 passengers aboard.
3)All aboard!
4)Welcome aboard!
归纳拓展
1)prep.在(船、飞机、火车)上；上(船、飞机、火车) adv.在船(飞机、火车)上；上船(飞机、火车)
2)go aboard (the plane)登(机)
All aboard！[口]请大家上船/车/飞机！
Welcome aboard！欢迎乘坐！
on board (＝aboard)在船上；在飞机上
【注意】 aboard与abroad二者容易混淆。abroad是副词，意为“在国外，到国外，去国外”，如：go abroad出国。
现学现用
1)As the train was to pull out，her husband came running along and climbed ________.
A．abroad
B．broad
C．aboard
D．board
解析：选C。aboard在此为副词，意为“上车”。abroad是副词，意为“在国外，到国外”；broad是形容词，意为“宽的”；board是名词，意为“木板”。
2.classify
He also made notes of his observations and classified and listed what he had collected with great care.(page 55)
观察理解
1)The books in the library are classified according to subject.
2)Only eleven of these accidents were classified as major.
归纳拓展
vt.编排；分类；归类
classify...as...把……归类为……
classify...into...把……分成……
现学现用
翻译填空
2)Would you ________________serious literature or mere entertainment
你会把她的小说界定为严肃文学，还是仅仅是消遣读物？
3)Patients __________________three categories.
病人被分为三类。
答案：2)classify her novels as
3)are classified into
3.conclude
观察理解
1)What do you conclude from the facts
2)A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you.
3)He concluded his speech with a poem.
4)From these facts we can draw some conclusions about how the pyramids were built.
归纳拓展
conclude an agreement/treaty达成协议/缔结条约
2)conclusion n．结论
in conclusion最后，总之
arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论
现学现用
4)________，I’d like to say how much I’ve enjoyed staying in your beautiful country.
A．As a result
B．In common
C．In conclusion
D．In turn
解析：选C。考查介词短语。句意：最后，我想说呆在你们这个美丽的国家我是多么愉快。as a result因此；in common共同；in conclusion总之，最后；in turn依次，故答案为C。
4.on the/one’s way
观察理解
1)More changes are on the way.
2)Could you mail these letters on your way downtown
3)We quickened our pace and made our way rapidly towards the stream.
4)Without experience in it，we have to feel our way.
归纳拓展
1)在途中，即将到达
2)make one’s way前往；获得成功
feel one’s way摸索着前行
wind one’s way蜿蜒向前
force one’s way out挤出去；冲出去
push one’s way in挤进去
lose one’s way迷路
fight/push one’s way推挤着前行
现学现用
5)Although it rained heavily outside，he ________to the factory as usual.
A．made his way
B．took his way
C．made the way
D．took the way
解析：选A。句意：尽管外面下着很大的雨，但他还是和往常一样朝工厂走去。make one’s way to...前往……。
6)—I think he is taking an active part in social work.
—I agree with you ________.
A．in a way
B．on the way
C．by the way
D．in the way
解析：选A。in a way表示“在某种程度上”，符合句意。on the way在路上；by the way顺便说一下；in the way妨碍。
5.lead to
He had stored enough information which finally led to his conclusions.(page 56)
观察理解
1)Do you know what led to the start of the first World War
2)Which door leads to the yard
3)She led me to believe that she had a lot of influence.
4)The distant lights led me to the village.
归纳拓展
1)导致，致使
2)通向，通往
3)lead sb.to do sth.使某人做某事
lead sb.to sp.带领某人去某地
lead sb.into带某人进入
lead the way引路，带路
lead/live/have a...life过着……一样的生活
现学现用
7)(2011年高考山东卷)Look over there—there’s a very long，winding path ________up to the house.
A．leading
B．leads
C．led
D．to lead
解析：选A。考查非谓语动词。lead up to在此处意为“通向”，与path是逻辑上的主谓关系。分析句子成分可知此处是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰path，相当于which leads up to。
6.ignorance
Poor children live in the shadow of disease，hunger，ignorance and poverty.(page 53)
观察理解
1)His ignorance is surprising.
2)To my disappointment，in this part of the book he ignores the arts.
3)No driver can pretend to be ignorant of speed limits.
4)Some people always do everything they like，but are in ignorance of others’ feelings.
归纳拓展
现学现用
8)—So you didn’t say “hello” to him last night
—Well，I stopped and smiled when I saw him，but he ________me and walked on.
A．ignored
B．refused
C．denied
D．lost
解析：选A。考查动词辨析。ignore“忽视，不理睬”；refuse“拒绝”；deny“否认”；lose“丢失”。由此可知A项符合句意。
句型巧析
1.原句展示
It was a friend who suggested that he be given a job as naturalist aboard the Beagle.(page 54)
是他一位朋友的建议使他在Beagle号上获得一份博物学家的工作。
句法简析
本句中It was...that...为强调句型。
强调句的用法：
(1)强调句的陈述句形式：It was/is＋被强调部分＋that...。
①It was because of bad weather that the football match must be put off.
是因为坏天气，足球赛必须被推迟。
(2)强调句的疑问句形式
强调句变成一般疑问句时，直接将is/was置于句首。简略的答语为：“Yes，it is/was.”或“No，it isn’t/wasn’t”。
②—Was it you that I saw at the concert last night
我昨天晚上在音乐会上看到的是你吗？
—No，it wasn’t.
不是。
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句式是：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that...
③Where was it that you picked up the wallet
你在哪里捡到了这个钱包？
(4)强调“not...until”引导的时间状语时，要用“It is/was not until...that...”结构，that后面的句子要用肯定式，且用陈述句语序。
④It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
直到她摘下她的墨镜，我才认出她是一位著名的电影明星。
现学现用
1)(2011年高考湖南卷)It’s not what we do once in a while ________ shapes our lives，but what we do consistently.
A．which B．that
C．how D．when
解析：选B。考查强调句型。此句强调句子的主语(从句)，原句可改写成：Not what we do once in a while but what we do consistently shapes our lives.句意：决定我们生活的东西不是我们偶尔所做的事情而是那些我们自始至终所做的事情。
2)(2011年高考重庆卷)—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree
—Of course，I have.It was in our village ________ it was made.
A．that B．where
C．when D．which
解析：选B。考查强调句型。问话人询问对方是否看过《山楂树之恋》这部电影，答话人回答说当然看过，这部电影是在自己的村庄拍摄的。本句是强调句，被强调的部分是地点状语in our village。
2.原句展示
If Darwin had not enjoyed a private income，he would not have gone on the voyage as he received no payment for the job.(page 54)
如果当时达尔文没有私人收入，也就不会参加这次旅行，因为他干这项工作没有任何报酬。
句法简析
if条件句使用了虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故要用虚拟语气。常用的几种情况如下表：
情况 从句谓语 主句谓语
与现在事实相反 动词的过去式(be动词一律用were) would/could/
should/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 would/could/
should/might＋have＋过去分词
与将来事实相反 动词的过去式；should＋动词原形；were to＋动词原形 would/could/
might/should＋动词原形
①If we had time now，we would read it again.
要是现在有空，我们就把它再看一遍。(事实上我们现在没有空)
②If I had taken his advice，I would not have made such a mistake.
如果我听了他的忠告，就不会犯这样的错误了。
(事实上我没听他的忠告)
③If she should come，I would ask her for help.
万一她来的话，我就请她帮忙。(事实上她来的可能性很小)
【注意】 虚拟语气的倒装：略去条件句中的if，将were，should，had前置，直接引出虚拟条件句。
Were he to tell us everything，we could try to solve his problems.
要是他告诉了我们一切，我们会尽力解决他的问题的。
现学现用
3)(2011年高考北京卷)Maybe if I ________ science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help.
A．studied B．would study
C．had studied D．was studying
解析：选C。考查错综时间的虚拟语气。主句用的是would be able to...表示对现在的假设，但由if从句中的then可知，从句表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选C项。
写作专题突破
写一篇有关希望工程的文章
【典例展示】
观察下图，请据此以“The Hope Project(希望工程)”为题写一篇文章。
【联想词汇】
1．在……方面起作用________________
2．赶上________________
3．技术上和经济上________________
4．在贫困地区________________
5．发起________________
6．财政地________________
答案：1.play a role/part in 2.catch up with 3.technologically and economically 4.in the poor rural areas 5.launch 6．financially
【由词连句】
1．不改善教育，中国就不能更快地发展，不能在技术上和经济上去追赶发达国家或更大地改善人们的生活水平。
Without ____________education，China will not be able to develop fast，to ____________the developed countries technologically and economically，or to greatly improve the living standard of its people.
2．在我们的国家建设中，由于太多事情要做，所以政府不可能有足够的钱及时去帮助所有的贫困儿童。
As there are thousands of things __________________in the construction of our country，our government simply does ____________________all those poor children in time.
答案：1.improving；catch up with 2.to be done；have enough money to help
【范文借鉴】
The Hope Project
Education plays a very important role in the modernization of our country.Without improving education, China will not be able to develop fast, to catch up with the developed countries technologically and economically，or to greatly improve the living standard of its people.Yet according to recent statistics，there are over 2 million school age children who can not go to school in the poor rural areas.
To help those poor kids go back to school，money seems to be the biggest problem.As there are thousands of things to be done in the construction of our country，our government simply does have enough money to help all those poor children in time.So a nation wide drive called the “Hope Project” has been launched to help those children go back to school.
The “Hope Project” helps the government a lot financially.It also brings hope to the children who can not go to school only by depending on their parents.Therefore，I hope that more and more people join in the “Hope Project” to help the poor children.
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谢谢使用(共4张PPT)
Unit 4 Historical Figures
心灵鸡汤
John Snow
John Snow was born on March 15,1813，in the city of York，England.
As a boy he proved to be a bright student，so his mother sent him to a private school，where he excelled.
Snow planned to become a physician，and at fourteen，he was apprenticed(使某人当学徒)to Dr.William Hardcastle in Newcastle-upon-Tyne.Snow had an analytical mind that paid attention to details that others often ignored.During his early years as an apprentice，he filled notebooks with his thoughts and observations on scientific subjects.
During the London cholera epidemic(流行霍乱)of 1831～1832，he became a student at the School of Medicine in Great Windmill Street，London.After two years of schooling，he was accepted as a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.Snow was a believer in the germ theory of cholera.In 1849 Snow wrote a book“On the Mode of Communication of Cholera，”in which he suggested that the“cholera poison”was spread(传播)through the pollution of food or water.This theory should be against the more commonly accepted idea that cholera，like all diseases，multiplied in the air，and a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.
On April 7,1853，he used chloroform(三氯甲烷，旧时医用麻醉剂)to Queen Victoria at the birth of her eighth child，Prince Leopold.And it wasn’t until 1854，when cholera struck England once again，that Snow’s argument that cholera was spread through polluted food or water was recognized.
For his efforts to determine how cholera was spread and for the statistical mapping methods he used，John Snow is widely considered to be the father of modern epidemiology.(共29张PPT)
Section B Language Focus
课堂互动探究
Unit 1
预习多维感知
Section B
预习多维感知
Ⅰ.词语翻译
1．be likely to ________________
2．be crazy about ________________
3．put off ________________
4．take care of ________________
5．give up ________________
6．on one’s own ________________
7．in the shadow of ________________
答案：1.有可能的，要发生的 2.疯狂热爱 3.推迟 4.照顾 5.放弃 6.靠自己 7.在……的阴影之下
Ⅱ.语法现象体验
1．(2011年高考浙江卷)Bats are surprisingly long lived creatures，some ________ a life span of around 20 years.
A．having
B．had
C．have
D．to have
解析：选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：真想不到，蝙蝠竟是长寿生物，有些蝙蝠的寿命长达20年。结合语意和句子结构可知，此处为独立主格结构，having的逻辑主语是前面的some。
2．(2010年高考山东卷)The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already ________for a meal to be cooked.
A．laid
B．laying
C．to lay
D．being laid
解析：选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：客厅既干净又整洁，已摆好了餐桌准备做饭。“with＋名词/代词＋过去分词”为with的复合结构，a dining table和lay是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
3．—Come on，please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry.With so much work ________my mind，I almost break down.
A．filled B．filling
C．to fill D．being filled
解析：选B。答语句意：对不起，脑子里装着这么多工作，我几乎要崩溃了。work与fill为主动关系，且动作不表示将要发生，故用现在分词作宾补。
课堂互动探究
独立主格
规则展示
一、独立主格的定义
独立主格，又叫独立结构。它没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，常用逗号与主句隔开。
语法精讲
独立主格结构可分为两部分，一部分是名词或代词
(主格)，起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态、状况或动作。
用法 例句
名词/代词＋现在分词 Time permitting，we’ll do another two exercises. 如果时间允许，我们将再做两个练习。
名词/代词＋过去分词 The field ploughed，he began to spread seed. 地耕好了，他开始撒种子。
用法 例句
名词/代词＋动词不定式 The exam to be held tomorrow，I couldn’t go to the cinema tonight. 明天有一场考试，我今晚不能去看电影了。
名词/代词＋形容词 I heard that she got injured in the accident，my heart full of worry. 我听说她在这场事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。
名词/代词＋副词 Lunch over，he left the house.But he was thinking. 午饭结束，他离开屋。但他还在考虑。
用法 例句
名词/代词＋名词 He fought the wolf，a stick his only weapon. 他和狼搏斗着，唯一的武器是一根棍棒。
名词/代词＋介词短语 The hunter entered the forest，gun in hand. 那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
There being＋名词/代词 There being no buses，we had to walk home. 因为没有公交车了，我们只好走着回家。
【注意】 在名词＋介词短语的独立结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语中名词都是单数名词，在这些名词前习惯上不用冠词。
He was standing there，pipe in mouth.
他站在那里，嘴里叼了一根烟管。
He stood under a tree，hand in pocket.
他站在树下，手放在口袋里。
如与with连用，名词前需加冠词。
He was standing there，with a pipe in his mouth.
二、with的复合结构
“with的复合结构”与独立主格结构相近，二者经常可以互换，with复合结构常在句中作状语，有时也可以作定语。
形式 例句
with＋n./pron.＋介词短语 He sat there with a smile on his face. 他微笑着坐在那里。
with＋n./pron.＋副词 With Mr.Smith away，we’ve got more room. 史密斯先生走了，我们有了更多的地方。
with＋n./pron.＋不定式 With nothing to do，we went to the cinema. 因无事可做，我们去了电影院。
with＋n./pron.＋现在分词 The street was quiet with no buses running. 街上静悄悄没有汽车行驶。
with＋n./pron.＋过去分词 In came a man with his hand tied back. 进来一个人，手绑在背后。
with＋n./pron.＋形容词 He wore a shirt，with the neck open，showing his bare chest. 他穿着一件开领的衬衣，露着胸膛。
规则运用
1．The meeting ________over，he went to pick up his son directly.
A．to be
B．is
C．was
D．being
解析：选D。由句中逗号可知，第一部分不能以句子形式出现，排除B、C；由语境可知“会议结束了，他就直接去接儿子了”，排除A，选用D形成独立主格，此时，因逻辑主语是名词the meeting，being还可省略。
2．Everything ________into consideration, they ought to have another chance.
A．to take
B．taken
C．to be taken
D．taking
解析：选B。根据句子结构可知前半部分作状语，everything和take之间是被动关系，排除A和D两项，由句意“考虑到所有的事情，他们应该还有一次机会”，可知动作已经完成。排除C项。
3．I send you 100 dollars today，the rest ________in a year.
A．follows
B．followed
C．to follow
D．to be followed
解析：选C。由in a year可知动作尚未发生，可排除A、B两项；the rest与follow之间是主动关系，故D项错误；不定式表示将要发生的事，故C项正确。
4．With so many trees and flowers ________， our school campus looks like a beautiful garden.
A．planted
B．to be planted
C．planting
D．being planted
解析：选A。句意：因为种了很多树和花，我们的校园看起来像一个美丽的花园。trees and flowers与plant之间是被动关系，且动作已经发生了，故用过去分词作补语。
5．The children were happily making a snowman，________with cold.
A．their faces turned red
B．their faces were red
C．their faces red
D．their faces to be red
解析：选C。句意：孩子们正欢快地堆着雪人，他们的脸都冻红了。此处为“名词＋形容词”构成的独立主格结构作状语。逗号不能连接两个独立的句子，故排除A、B项。
1.likely
观察理解
1)Tickets are likely to be expensive.
2)It’s more than likely that the thieves don’t know how much it is worth.
3)Me？Join the army？Not likely!
词汇精研
归纳拓展
be likely to do sth.很可能做某事
It is likely that...很可能……
not likely绝不可能(才不呢)，表示强烈反对
比较网站
likely，possible，probable
1)likely是指从外表、迹象上进行判断，有可能发生；possible指客观上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味；probable的可能性比possible大，表示“很可能，十有八九”。
2)likely既可以用人也可以用物作主语，常用句型是：It is likely that...或Sb./Sth.is likely to...；possible和probable都不能用人作主语，常用句型有：
It is possible (for sb.)to do sth.或It is possible that...；probable只能用It is probable that...句型。
现学现用
1)It is ____________，though not ____________，that he will come tomorrow.
他明天可能来，但也不一定准会来。
2)The ____________cause of his failure was that he had been too tired.
他失败大概是因为太累了。
3)He is very ____________to ring me tonight.
今晚他很可能会给我打电话。
答案：1)possible；probable 2)probable 3)likely
2.absence
观察理解
1)The absence of air and water makes it impossible to live on the moon.
2)Every time after a long absence from school，I feel really stupid because I am a bit behind the others.
3)I’m doing Mary’s job in her absence.
归纳拓展
(1)absence from school/lecture缺课
absence of mind心不在焉，精神恍惚
in the absence of＝in one’s absence在某人不在时
(2)absent adj.缺席的
absent minded心不在焉的
be absent from...缺席……
现学现用
4)—Why wasn’t the conference held on time
—For the ________of you.
A．intention
B．absence
C．glory
D．lack
解析：选B。考查名词辨析。句意：“为什么大会没有按时举行？”“因为缺了你。”for the absence of sb.因为少了某人。intention打算；glory荣誉；lack缺少，缺乏；absence缺席。故选B。
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