中考英语专项-数词、冠词考点讲解和训练（无答案）

数词、冠词
2011届中考英语专题复习四：数词、冠词考点讲解和训练
【考点直击】
1.不定冠词a与an的用法
2.定冠词the的用法
3."零"冠词
4.基数词的用法
5.序数词的用法
【名师点睛】
一. 冠词的用法
冠词是虚词，放在名词之前，用来说明名词指的人或事物。冠词有两种。
A(an)叫不定冠词，the叫定冠词。A用在辅音之前，an用在元音之前。
不看字母看读音,不见原因(元音)别施恩(n)
1. 不定冠词的用法
　　1).泛指某一类人、事或物；相当于any，这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。
　　 A horst is an animal
　　2).泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。
　　 A girl is waiting for you.
　　3).表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。
　　 I have a computer.
　　4).表示“每一”，相当于every.
　　I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天课。
　　5).用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。
　　 I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.
　　6).用在某些固定词组中：
　　a lot(of), after a while ,a few ,a little ,at a time ,have a swim ,have a cold ,in a hurry ,for a long time,have a good time ,have a look
2. 定冠词用法
1).特指某(些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。
　　The book on the desk is mine
　　2).指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。
　　Open the window, please.
　　3).指上文已经提到的人或事物。
　　I have a car. The car is red.
　　4).指世界上独一无二的事物。
　　Which is bigger, the sun or the earth
　　5).用在序数词，形容词最高级前。
　　The first lesson is the easiest one in this book.
　　6).用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
　　the Great Wall 长城，the United States 美国
　　7).用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。
　　the poor穷人, the blind盲人
　　8)用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。
　　the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩
　　9).用在方位词前。
　　on the left在左边，in the middle of在中间
　　10).用在乐器名称前。
　　She plays the piano every day.
　　11).用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。
　　the Black Sea黑海，the Yangzi River长江
　　12).用在某些固定词组中：
all the same仍然；all the time一直；at the moment此刻；at the same time同时；by the way顺便说；do the shopping/washing买东西/洗衣服；in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上；in the open air 在户外，在野外
3. 不用冠词的情况
1).棋类,球类,一日三餐名词前不用任何冠词
　　 Play chess play football have supper
　　特例：当football，basketball指具体的某个球时，其前可以用冠词：I can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。Where’s the football？那只足球在哪儿？(指足球，并非“球类运动”)
　　2).季节,月份,星期,节假日名词前不用任何冠词.
　　In July in summer on Monday on Teachers’ Day
　　3).人名,地名,国家名前不加冠词
　　Beijing is the capital of China
　　4).学科,语言,称呼,语职务名词前不用冠词
　　Math is hard to learn
　　5).复数名词表示类别时不加冠词
　　They are workers I like eating apples
　　6).名词前已有物主代词(my，your，his，her等)、指示代词(this/these，that/those)、不定代词(some，any等)及所有格限制时,不用冠词
　　my book(正)；my the book(误)
　　7.)在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等之前。
　　No.25 Middle School
　4.用与不用冠词的差异
　　in hospital住院 /in the hospital在医院里
　　in front of在…(外部的)前面 /in the front of在…(内部的)前面
　　at table进餐 /at the table在桌子旁
　　by sea乘船 /by the sea在海边
　go to school(church…)上学(做礼拜…) /go to the school(church…)到学校(教堂…)去
　　two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us我们两人(共计两人)
　　next year明年 /the next year 第二年
　　a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)
　　/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)
二. 数词的用法
数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序。
1. 基数词的用法
　1.基数词的读法.
　　1)1---12 : one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve
　　2)13---19: 词尾加-teen :thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen
　　3)20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90 : 逢十词尾加-ty :twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety
　　4)21----99: 在十位与个位之间加连字符构成.
　　 21--- twenty-one 99---ninety-nine
　　5)101---999 :先说几百, 再加and ,再加末尾两位数或个位数.
　　 101---one hundred and one 238----two hundred and thirty-eight
　　6)1000以上的数:先将数字从右往左数,每三位数用一个逗号隔开, 从右往左第一个逗号表示 “千”读thousand 第二个逗号表示 “百万”读million 第三个逗号表示 “十亿”读billion
　　18,657,421---eighteen million ,six hundred and fifty-seven thousand ,four hundred and twenty-one.
2.基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语，例如：
　　 Thirty of them are Party members.（主语）
　　 --- How many would you like？
　　 --- Three ，please．（作宾语）
　　 The nine boys are from Tianjing.（定语）
　　 Six plus four is ten.（表语）
　　 We four will go with you.（同位语）
3.表示一个具体数字时，hundred, thousand, million一律不用复数；在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如：
Our country has a population of 1,300 million people.
There are three thousand students in our school.
After the war, thousands of people became homeless.
Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world.
　　 They arrived in twos and threes．
　4. 基数词的复数形式表示年代和年龄
　　1)表示年代: in the + 年份的复数 在几世纪几十年代.
　　在十九世纪七十年代. _________________________.
　　2)表年龄: in one’s + 整十的复数 表示在某人几十岁时
　　在他四十岁时: ___________________.
5.时刻表达法:
　　1)整点: 基数词 + o’clock
　　2)几点几分:
　　A).直接读法: 先读小时 ,后读分钟
　　3:25 ---- three twenty-five
　　B).间接读法:
　　a)≤30分钟. 分钟+ past + 小时
　　3：25 ----twenty-five past three
　　b)＞30分钟. ( 60-分钟 )+ to + (小时数+1)
　　3:55 ----- five to four
　　c) 30 分钟 = half 15分钟=a quarter 45分钟= three quarters
　　3:30 ---half past three 3:15----a quarter past three
　　3:45 ----a quarter to four
2. 序数词的用法
基数词变序数词
　　口诀: 基变序,有规律,词尾要加th .一二三,特殊记,词尾分别tdd(first second third )
　　八去t ,九去e,ve要用f替.ty变作tie,再加th莫忘记.
　　若遇几十几,只变个位就可以.
　1.序数词主要用作定语，前面要加定冠词，例如：
　　 The first truck is carrying a foot baskets．
　　 John lives on the fifteenth floor．
　 2.序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”，“又一”这样的意思，例如：
　　 We'll have to do it a second time．
Shall I ask him a third time？
　　 When I sat down，a fourth man rose to speak．
3.由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应，很容易写错，应特别注意。它们是：one---first, two---second, three---third, five---fifth, eight---eighth, nine---ninth, twelve---twelfth。
4.日期表达法:
　　结构: 1).月 日,年 (日用序数词,年用基数词)
　　注:年份的读法: 先读前两位数,再读后两位数. 读日时要加the.
　　1900---nineteen hundred 1807----eight and seven (eight o seven)
　　2008---two thousand eight
　　2007年3月21日.--- March the twenty-first ,two thousand and seven.
　　2).日 月 年 (the +序数词+of +月, 年)
　　2007年3月21日---the twenty-first of March ,two thousand and seven.
5.　分数词的表达法:
　　1).结构: a).分子用基数词,分母用序数词.
　　b).当分子大于1时,分母加复数.
　　3/4--- three fourths (three-fourths)
　　2).注意:
　　a).分数词的几种特殊形式.
　　1/3—one third = a third
　　1/4—one fourth = a quarter
　　1/2—one second = a half
　　3/4—three fourths = three quarters
　　b).分数词作主语时, 谓语动词根据分数词后面的名词来确定.
　　Two fifths of the milk ______(be ) drunk by Tom .
　　One third of the students _______(be )girls .
6.序数词有时用缩写形式：
first→1st second→2nd
third→3rd fourth→4th
twenty-second→22nd
　　三.数词要注意的几种用法
　　1.表编号.
　　结构:名词(首字母要大写) + 基数词 = the +序数词 +名词
　　Lesson One = the first lesson
　　注：有些编号，一般仅用第一种表达法。
　　Room 101 101号房间
　2.数词前加every ,表示每……/每隔…… .
　　every ten days =every ninth day 每十天(每隔九天)
　　注:every +基数词 +复数名词 = every + (序数词-1) +单数名词
　3.几个半的表达法:
　基数词 + and + a half +名词复数 = 基数词 +名词(单数/复数) +and +a half
　　two and a half hours = two hours and a half
　　　【实例解析】
1.About ________ students in our class can describe that place in English.
A. three-fifths B. three-fifth C. third-five D. third-fifths
答案：A。该题考查的是分数的表示法。分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母应加-s，因此应选A。
2.Nine _______ pounds a week That’s very good.
A. hundred of B. hundreds of
C. hundreds D. hundred
答案：D。该题考查的是数词的用法。Nine hundred是一个具体的数量，这是数词不能用复数形式，后面也不能加of。所以应选D。
3. We often have sports after class, and I like to play _______ basketball.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
答案：D。该题考查的是冠词的用法。球类运动之前不加冠词，因此应选D。
4. This is _______ song I’ve told you about. Isn’t it _______ beautiful one
A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the
答案：C。该题考查的是冠词的用法。第一个空是特指，特指我给你说过的那首歌，第二个空是表示某一个类别。所以应选C。
【中考演练】
一. .单项填空
1. This morning I had ________ egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast.
A. an B. a C. the D./
2. ---What’s the matter with you
---I caught ________ bad cold and had to stay in ________.
A. a;/ B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the
3. ---Have you seen _______ pen I left it here this morning.
---Is it ________ black one I think I saw it somewhere.
A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a
4. _______ sun is shining brightly.
A. A B. An C. The D. /
5. There is _______ “h” in the word hour.
A. a B. the C. an D./
6. Did you enjoy your stay in Xian
Yes. I had _______ wonderful time.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
7. ______ sun is bigger than _______ earth.
A. A; the B. A; an C. The; an D. The; the
8. There is _______ apple and some pears on the table.
A. the B./ C. a D. an
9. David has _______ cat. It’s very nice.
A. a B. an C. the D./
10. I’m reading _______ novel. It is _______ interesting story.
A. a; an B. a; a C. the; the D. /; an
11. It is said that SARS has killed more than ________ people worldwide.
A. three hundreds B. three hundreds’
C. three hundred’s D. three hundred
12. ---How many workers are there in your factory
---There are two __________.
A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of
13. ---Which is the smallest number of the four
---_______________.
A. Two-thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths
14. ---What do you think of a war, Li Ming
---I’ve no idea. But it’s a fact that _______ people had to leave their hometown during the War on Iraq.
A. three thousands B. thousand of
C. thousands of D. several thousands
15. We all think that the _______ century will bring us more hopes.
A. twenty-first B. twentieth-first
C. twenty-one D. twentieth-one
16. ---Can you write the number eighty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six
---Yes, it is __________.
A. 856620 B. 85626 C. 58662 D. 58626
17. When was the PRC founded It was founded on _________.
A. July 1, 1921 B. October 1, 1949
C. August 1, 1927 D. May 1, 1922
18. I was 8 years old when my father was 31. This year my father is twice my age. How old am I
A. 21 B. 22 C. 23 D. 24
19. _______ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics.
A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of
20. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _______one.
A. three B. third C. forth D. /
二. 句子改错：下面各句A, B, C, D中有一处错误，请指出并改正。
1. May is a fifth month of the year.
A B C D
2. The film has been on for half a hour.
A B C D
3. The boys and the girls often play the foot ball in the afternoon.
A B C D
4. It looks rain. Why not take a umbrella with you
A B C D
5. Li Mei often gives us some good information by the e-meil.
A B C D
6. We’ve planted two hundreds trees in the centre of our city this year.
A B C D
7. Five million of dollars is a lot of money.
A B C D
8. There are thousand of children in the park now.
A B C D
9. By the end of twenty century, the world population had passed six billion.
A B C D
10. Over three fifth of the world’s books and newspapers are written in English.
A B C D
选择(2)
冠词
( )1.A little boy wrote____ "U" and___ "n" on the wall.
A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an D. a; a
( ) 2. This is ____ interesting book and it is also ____ useful one.
A. an; an B. an; the C. ah; a D. a; a
( ) .3. Mrs. Smith is ____ friend of __
A. the; mine B. a; me C. the; my D. a; mine
( ) 4. He is ___ boy.
A. a seven-years-old B. an eight-year-old C. the seven-year-old D. an eight-year-older
( ) 5. Which is bigger ___ elephant or ___ horse
A. a; the B. an; a C. the; an D. an; the
（ ) 6. ____monkey can climb____ trees .
A. /; the B. A; / C. The; a D. /; /
( ) 7. -Have you learned German -Yes. It's ___ language I've ever learned.
A. a quite difficult B: quite a difficult C. difficult quite D. difficult a quite
( ) 7. -Have you learned German -Yes. It's ___ language I've ever learned.
A. a quite difficult B: quite a difficult C. difficult quite D. difficult a quite
( ) 8. I usually go out for ___ walk after____ tea;
A: a; / B. /; the C. a; a D. the; a
( ) 9.After that they had ____ sleep.
A. a night good B. a night's good C. a good night D. a good night's
( ) 10. China is one of ___ oldest countries in ___ world.
A. the; the B. the; / C. a; a D. an; the
( ) 11.He likes playing___ piano, he doesn't like playing____ football.
A. the; the B. the; / C. /; the D. /; /
( ) 12.____ poor in those days had a hard time.
A. A B. This C. The D. Those
( )13.He is going to London by ___ sea.
A. the B. a C. one D. /
数词
( )1. There are ___ days in a year.
A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five
C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five
( )2. There are____ students in this school.
A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six
( )3.______people visit this museum every day.
A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of
( )4.There are two___ people in the meeting room.
A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of
( )5.Every year ___ watch NBA on TV.
A. million people B. millions of people
C. millions people D. million of people
( )6.____ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.
A. Thousands of B. Two thousands
C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of
( )7.Look! There are ___ in the sky.
A. thousand stars B. thousand of stars
C. thousands of stars D. thousands of star
( )8. My brother is in____.
A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One
C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one
( )9. We are going to learn___ this term.
A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six
( )10. Please turn to___. Let's read the text aloud.
A. Page Two B. the page two
C. second page D. page second
( )11. We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this____. A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five
B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five
C. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five
D. seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-five
( ) 12. The year "1999" should be read "The year____".
A. nineteen and ninety-nine B. nineteen ninety-nine
C. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine
D. nineteen hundred and ninety-nine
( )13. He will come here ____ tomorrow morning.
A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two D. till tenth
( )14. Every day he begins to do his homework ___.
A. at ten past seven B. at seven pass ten
C. on ten past seventh D. until ten
( )15. He was doing some washing ____.
A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eight
C. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning
( )16. He began to work there____.
A. on his fifty B. at age of fifty C. when he fifty D. in his fifties
( )17. They moved to Beij ing _______ .
A. in 1980s B. in the 1980' C. in the 1980s D. on the 1980's
( )18. We all like the_____ boy.
A. of ten years old B. ten-year-old
C. at ten old D. of age of ten
( )19.She was ___ her early twenties when she went abroad.
A. at B. on C. of D: in
( )20. There are____ months in a year. December is the____month of the year.
A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth
C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth
( )21. During____ century, the world population has already reached 6 billion.
A. twenty B. the twentieth C. twentieth D. the twenty
( )22. Sunday is the____ day of the week.
A. seventh B. first C. second D. third
( )23. Autumn is _____ season in a year.
A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. the threeth
( )24. Tom was _____ to get to school and I was ______.
A. first; ninth B. the first; the ninth
C. a first; a ninth D. the second; the nineth
( )25. －What's the date today －It’s___.
A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th
( )26. Jenny was born_____.
A. on July 10, 1987 B. in July 10, 1987
C. in 1987, July 10 D. on 1987, July 10
( )27. Monday is the second day, and_______.
A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifth
C. the second is Tuesday D. the second is Thursday
( )28. About____ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese.
A.four-fifth B.four-fifths C. fourth-fifths D. fourths-fifth
( )29. ___ of the students are girls in our class
A. Two three B. Two threes C. Two thirds D. Second three
( )30. ___ of the world's books and newspapers are written in English.
A. Three quarters B. Three quarter
C. Thirds four D. Threes fourth
( )31. Tom is____ in the row. A. a second B. the second C. two D. second
( )32. The girl wanted to sing____ song in English.
A. the others B. a second C. other D. second
( )33. Now let me have____.
A. the third try B. a third try C. third try D. this third try
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