(共23张PPT)
易错点归纳与突破
--主谓一致
2021中考英语
语法一致原则
(2020贵阳)As
we
all
know,
using
public
chopsticks
????
necessary
when
we
eat
with
others.
A.is B.are C.was
【解析】答案????A 句意:众所周知,我们和别人一起吃饭的时候使用公筷是有必要的。本题考查主谓一致和时态。在本句中,动名词短语using
public
chopsticks作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式。由语境可知,本句为一般现在时,故选A。
易错点一：
(2020·怀化)Journey
to
the
West
is
interesting.Both
my
father
and
my
sister
the
book
very
much.
A．likes
B．like
C．dislike
【解析】 由连接词“both…and…”连接的并列主语，若指不同的人，则谓语动词用复数；“father”和“sister”是两个不同的人；根据“interesting有趣的”可知是喜欢这本书，故选B。
主 语
谓 语
例 句
单数名词或代词
单数
Your
dog
is
really
cute.
不可数名词
单数
Water
is
essential
for
us.
复数名词或代词
复数
Many
students
are
waiting
outside
the
classroom.
主 语
谓语
例 句
either，neither，each，every或no＋单数名词，以及由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词
单数
Each
student
has
a
gift
from
our
teacher.
Something
is
wrong
with
my
computer.
one
of＋名词复数，表示“……之一”
单数
One
of
Thailand's
symbols
is
the
elephant.
主 语
谓语
例 句
动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句
单数
Playing
sports
is
good
for
us.
What
she
said
is
important
for
me.
主语后面跟with，together
with，along
with，except，but，like，as
well
as，rather
than，more
than，no
less
than，besides，including等词
取决于主语的数
Everyone
except
Jim
and
Tom
has
arrived
at
the
park.
Tom
with
his
father
is
going
to
travel
abroad
next
week.
主 语
谓语
例 句
由a
lot
of，lots
of，plenty
of，the
rest
of＋名词构成的短语
取决于短语后面名词的数
Lots
of
sheep
are
eating
grass
on
the
grassland.
The
rest
of
money
I
have
has
been
used
up.
由“分数/百分数＋名词”构成的短语
取决于短语后面名词的数
Two
thirds
of
the
students
in
our
class
are
girls.
50%
of
my
free
time
has
been
spent
on
reading.
主 语
谓 语
例 句
定语从句关系代词that，who，which
与先行词的数一致
The
girl
who
is
standing
over
there
is
my
sister.
The
photos
that
are
taken
just
now
are
beautiful.
主 语
谓 语
例 句
由连接词and或both…and连接的并列主语
两个词指不同的人或物
复数
The
boy
and
the
girl
were
surprised
when
they
heard
the
news.
两个词指同一个人或物
单数
The
writer
and
actor
has
come.
a
number
of＋复数名词
复数
A
number
of
soldiers
are
fighting
for
their
country.
主 语
谓 语
例 句
the
number
of
单数
The
number
of
population
in
this
town
is
larger
than
that
in
your
town.
倒装句
谓语的数与其后的主语一致
There
comes
the
bus.
On
the
wall
are
many
pictures.
语法一致原则
(2020·合肥模拟)—How
much
the
pair
of
shoes?
—Twenty
dollars
enough.
A．is；is
B．is；are
C．are；is
D．are；are
【解析】 当shoes前有pair
of修饰时，谓语动词的数由量词的数决定，“the”特指某一双，应用第三人称单数形式；“Twenty
dollars”表示钱，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选A。
易错点二：
(2020·绥化)My
family
for
dinner
now.We're
busy.
A．is
preparing
B．are
preparing
C．prepares
【解析】 句意：我的家人正在准备晚餐，我们很忙。集体名词family作主语时，强调整体时谓语动词用单词，侧重成员则用复数。结合句意，“family”指家人，侧重家庭成员，故选B。
主 语
谓 语
例 句
表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词或短语
单数
Three
years
is
a
long
time.
the＋形容词
表示一类人
复数
The
poor
are
very
happy，but
the
rich
are
sad.
表示抽象概念
单数
The
beautiful
lives
forever.
主 语
谓语
例 句
集体名词(如：family，class，team，group，public，company)强调整体用单数，侧重成员用复数
单数/复数
My
family
is
going
to
start
our
vacation
in
Europe
next
month.(强调整体用单数)
The
whole
family
are
eating
breakfast
now.(侧重成员用复数)
有些集合名词形式上为单数，但意义上为复数(如：people，police，cattle)
复数
The
police
are
looking
for
the
lost
girl
in
the
forest.
主 语
谓 语
例 句
“the＋姓氏名词复数”表示“……一家”或“……夫妇”
复数
The
Smiths
are
willing
to
attend
the
party.
trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes，scissors，shorts，jeans，chopsticks，gloves等作主语
复数
The
shoes
I
bought
yesterday
fit
me
well.
主 语
谓 语
例 句
trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes，scissors，shorts，jeans，chopsticks，gloves等主语前有pair/glass/cup
/kind/box/bag/…等量词接of结构修饰时，谓语动词的数由量词的数决定
单数/复数
A
pair
of
glasses
is
on
the
desk
and
could
you
bring
it
to
me？
There
are
three
cups
of
tea
on
the
table.
主 语
谓 语
例 句
and并列连接的主语表示同一个人或物(and后无冠词)
单数
A
famous
writer
and
teacher
came
to
our
school.
politics，physics，maths，the
United
States，news等词形式上为复数，意义上为单数
单数
The
news
is
very
exciting.
“many
a
＋
单数名词”作主语
单数
Many
a
girl
wears
skirts
in
summer.
就近原则
(2020齐齐哈尔)To
avoid
gathering(聚集),
neither
the
students
nor
their
head
teacher
????
going
to
the
party
this
evening.
A.was ????B.are ????C.is
【解析】答案????C 句意:为避免聚集,学生和校长今晚都不会参加聚会。本题考查主谓一致的用法。这句话的主语是由neither...nor...连接,根据“就近一致”原则,设空处需与their
head
teacher保持一致。且根据时间标志词this
evening
可知应该使用一般将来时,故选is。
易错点三：
(2019新疆)Not
only
Jack
but
also
I
????
crazy
about
the
football
match.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
【解析】答案????A 句意:不但杰克对足球赛着迷,我也着迷。本题考查主谓一致。not
only...but
also...连接两个并列的主语,根据“就近一致”原则可知,本空应与主语“I”保持一致,故选A。
主 语
谓 语
例 句
由either…or…，neither…nor…，not
only…but
also…，not…but…或or连接两个并列主语
谓语动词与最近的主语在数上保持一致
Not
only
my
parents
but
also
I
am
looking
forward
to
meeting
my
uncle.
主 语
谓 语
例 句
here
be
be动词与最近的主语在数上保持一致
Here
is
my
advice
and
I
hope
it
will
help
you.
there
be
be动词与最近的主语在数上保持一致
There
are
30
students
in
our
class.
There
is
little
time
left
for
us.
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
主谓一致导学案
易错点一：语法一致原则
(2020贵阳)As
we
all
know,
using
public
chopsticks
????
necessary
when
we
eat
with
others.
A.is B.are C.was
【解析】答案????A 句意:众所周知,我们和别人一起吃饭的时候使用公筷是有必要的。本题考查主谓一致和时态。在本句中,动名词短语using
public
chopsticks作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式。由语境可知,本句为一般现在时,故选A。
(2020·怀化)Journey
to
the
West
is
interesting.Both
my
father
and
my
sister
the
book
very
much.
A．likes
B．like
C．dislike
【解析】 由连接词“both…and…”连接的并列主语，若指不同的人，则谓语动词用复数；“father”和“sister”是两个不同的人；根据“interesting有趣的”可知是喜欢这本书，故选B。
主 语
谓 语
例 句
单数名词或代词
单数
Your
dog
is
really
cute.
不可数名词
单数
Water
is
essential
for
us.
复数名词或代词
复数
Many
students
are
waiting
outside
the
classroom.
either，neither，each，every或no＋单数名词，以及由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词
单数
Each
student
has
a
gift
from
our
teacher.Something
is
wrong
with
my
computer.
one
of＋名词复数，表示“……之一”
单数
One
of
Thailand's
symbols
is
the
elephant.
动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句
单数
Playing
sports
is
good
for
us.What
she
said
is
important
for
me.
主语后面跟with，together
with，along
with，except，but，like，as
well
as，rather
than，more
than，no
less
than，besides，including等词
取决于主语的数
Everyone
except
Jim
and
Tom
has
arrived
at
the
park.Tom
with
his
father
is
going
to
travel
abroad
next
week.
由a
lot
of，lots
of，plenty
of，the
rest
of＋名词构成的短语
取决于短语后面名词的数
Lots
of
sheep
are
eating
grass
on
the
grassland.The
rest
of
money
I
have
has
been
used
up.
由“分数/百分数＋名词”构成的短语
取决于短语后面名词的数
Two
thirds
of
the
students
in
our
class
are
girls.50%
of
my
free
time
has
been
spent
on
reading.
定语从句关系代词that，who，which
与先行词的数一致
The
girl
who
is
standing
over
there
is
my
sister.The
photos
that
are
taken
just
now
are
beautiful.
由连接词and或both…and连接的并列主语
两个词指不同的人或物
复数
The
boy
and
the
girl
were
surprised
when
they
heard
the
news.
两个词指同一个人或物
单数
The
writer
and
actor
has
come.
a
number
of＋复数名词
复数
A
number
of
soldiers
are
fighting
for
their
country.
the
number
of
单数
The
number
of
population
in
this
town
is
larger
than
that
in
your
town.
倒装句
谓语的数与其后的主语一致
There
comes
the
bus.On
the
wall
are
many
pictures.
易错点二：语法一致原则
(2020·合肥模拟)—How
much
the
pair
of
shoes?
—Twenty
dollars
enough.
A．is；is
B．is；are
C．are；is
D．are；are
【解析】 当shoes前有pair
of修饰时，谓语动词的数由量词的数决定，“the”特指某一双，应用第三人称单数形式；“Twenty
dollars”表示钱，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选A。
(2020·绥化)My
family
for
dinner
now.We're
busy.
A．is
preparing
B．are
preparing
C．prepares
【解析】 句意：我的家人正在准备晚餐，我们很忙。集体名词family作主语时，强调整体时谓语动词用单词，侧重成员则用复数。结合句意，“family”指家人，侧重家庭成员，故选B。
主 语
谓 语
例 句
表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词或短语
单数
Three
years
is
a
long
time.
the＋形容词
表示一类人
复数
The
poor
are
very
happy，but
the
rich
are
sad.
表示抽象概念
单数
The
beautiful
lives
forever.
集体名词(如：family，class，team，group，public，company)强调整体用单数，侧重成员用复数
单数/复数
My
family
is
going
to
start
our
vacation
in
Europe
next
month.(强调整体用单数)The
whole
family
are
eating
breakfast
now.(侧重成员用复数)
有些集合名词形式上为单数，但意义上为复数(如：people，police，cattle)
复数
The
police
are
looking
for
the
lost
girl
in
the
forest.
“the＋姓氏名词复数”表示“……一家”或“……夫妇”
复数
The
Smiths
are
willing
to
attend
the
party.
trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes，scissors，shorts，jeans，chopsticks，gloves等作主语
复数
The
shoes
I
bought
yesterday
fit
me
well.
trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes，scissors，shorts，jeans，chopsticks，gloves等主语前有pair/glass/cup/kind/box/bag/…等量词接of结构修饰时，谓语动词的数由量词的数决定
单数/复数
A
pair
of
glasses
is
on
the
desk
and
could
you
bring
it
to
me？There
are
three
cups
of
tea
on
the
table.
and并列连接的主语表示同一个人或物(and后无冠词)
单数
A
famous
writer
and
teacher
came
to
our
school.
politics，physics，maths，the
United
States，news等词形式上为复数，意义上为单数
单数
The
news
is
very
exciting.
“many
a
＋
单数名词”作主语
单数
Many
a
girl
wears
skirts
in
summer.
易错点三：就近原则
(2020齐齐哈尔)To
avoid
gathering(聚集),
neither
the
students
nor
their
head
teacher
????
going
to
the
party
this
evening.
A.was ????
B.are ???
?C.is
【解析】答案????C 句意:为避免聚集,学生和校长今晚都不会参加聚会。本题考查主谓一致的用法。这句话的主语是由neither...nor...连接,根据“就近一致”原则,设空处需与their
head
teacher保持一致。且根据时间标志词this
evening
可知应该使用一般将来时,故选is。
(2019新疆)Not
only
Jack
but
also
I
????
crazy
about
the
football
match.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
【解析】答案????A 句意:不但杰克对足球赛着迷,我也着迷。本题考查主谓一致。not
only...but
also...连接两个并列的主语,根据“就近一致”原则可知,
本空应与主语“I”保持一致,故选A。
主 语
谓 语
例 句
由either…or…，neither…nor…，not
only…but
also…，not…but…或or连接两个并列主语
谓语动词与最近的主语在数上保持一致
Not
only
my
parents
but
also
I
am
looking
forward
to
meeting
my
uncle.
here
be
be动词与最近的主语在数上保持一致
Here
is
my
advice
and
I
hope
it
will
help
you.
there
be
be动词与最近的主语在数上保持一致
There
are
30
students
in
our
class.There
is
little
time
left
for
us.
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主谓一致专项练习
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2020·广元)Tom,
together
with
his
friends,
often
to
the
old
people's
home
to
cheer
the
old
up.?
A.go
B.going
C.goes
2.(2020·桂林)There
a
computer
and
some
books
on
the
teacher's
desk.?
A.is
B.are
C.be
3.(2020·青海)—
an
amusement
center,
some
restaurants
and
hundreds
of
stores
in
the
shopping
mall.?
—Wow,
it's
amazing.
I
will
go
next
week.
A.There
is
B.There
are
C.There
will
be
4.(2020铜仁)—Maria，what
do
you
think
of
Mount
Fanjing?
—Very
cool.I
________
there
once.I'd
like
to
go
there
again.
A．has
been
B．have
been
C．have
gone
D．has
gone
5.(2020新疆)—Look，Cindy.The
flowers
in
our
classroom
come
out
in
one
night.
—That's
fantastic!
They
are
beautiful
and
colorful.They
________
nice.
A．smells
B．smell
C．sounds
D．sound
6.(2020连云港)________
famous
Chinese
songs，such
as
The
Love
Song
of
Kangding
and
Jasmine
Flowers，were
sung
during
the
concert.
A．A
number
of
B．The
number
of
C．A
great
deal
D．A
great
deal
of
7.(2020天水)Not
only
Jim
but
also
his
sister
________
a
few
cities
in
the
south
since
they
came
to
China.
A．have
visited
B．has
visited
C．visited
D．visits
8.Everyone
except
Bill
and
Jim
there
when
the
meeting
began.?
A.was
B.is
C.are
D.were
9.There
some
milk,
two
eggs
and
a
few
apples
on
the
table.?
A.is
B.are
C.has
D.have
10.Not
only
you
but
also
everyone
here
watching
football
matches.?
A.likes
B.like
C.is
like
D.are
liking
11.Lily,
her
mother,
playing
badminton.?
A.like;
dislike
B.loves;
dislikes
C.dislikes;
like
D.like;
dislikes
12.Professor
William
as
well
as
his
students
hard
to
find
out
why
the
experiment
failed.?
A.work
B.working
C.is
working
D.are
working
13.—As
we
can
see,
the
number
of
the
cars
on
the
road
these
years.?
—Yes,
it’s
more
important
for
everyone
to
obey
traffic
rules.
A.are
keeping
rising
B.keep
rising
C.keeps
rising
D.keeps
raising
14.
More
than
three-quarters
of
the
class
the
work,
but
half
of
the
work
still
unfinished
at
present.?
A.has
taken
part
in;
are
B.has
taken
part
in;
is
C.have
taken
part
in;
are
D.have
taken
part
in;
is
15.The
teacher
and
writer
coming
to
our
school
this
afternoon.?
A.is
B.are
C.be
D.was
Ⅱ.根据句意用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
1.
(2020·牡丹江)—The
talent
show
Youth
With
You(《青春有你》)
is
becoming
hotter
and
hotter
online.
—Exactly.
Half
of
our
class
_____________
(be)
interested
in
it
recently.
2.
Both
Lily
and
Lucy
_____________
(be)
invited
to
the
party
yesterday,
but
they
didn’t
come
at
all.
3.
Not
only
Tom
but
also
his
wife_____________
(be)
interested
in
watching
television.
4.
Listening
to
loud
music
at
rock
concerts
_____________
(have)
caused
hearing
loss
in
some
teenagers.
5.
Three
years_____________
(pass)
and
we’ve
made
so
many
friends
during
our
junior
high
school.
?
6.
If
you
_____________
(be)
able
to
come,
I
will
show
you
around
my
hometown.
7.
A
number
of
visitors
_____________
visiting
the
West
Lake
and
the
number
of
the
visitors_____________
increasing.
(be)
8.
—Ted,
will
you
go
shopping
with
me
this
afternoon?
—I
would
like
to,
but
my
neighbor,
a
lovely
girl,
along
with
her
friends,
_____________
(invite)
me
to
join
them
in
building
a
snowman.
?
9.
(2019·新疆)Not
only
Jack
but
also
I
_____________
(be)
crazy
about
the
football
match.
10.
—There_____________
many
foreign
students
in
her
class.
—Yes.
I
know
two
of
them
_____________
Japanese.
(be)
11.
We
make
it
a
rule
that
each
of
us
_____________
(clean)
the
bedroom
one
day
a
week.
12.
(2020·广元)Tom,
together
with
his
friends,
often
_____________
(go)
to
the
old
people’s
home
to
cheer
the
old
up.
13.
The
father
as
well
as
his
three
children
_____________
(go)
skating
on
the
frozen
river
every
Sunday
afternoon
in
winter.
14.
Nowadays,
a
large
number
of
women,
especially
those
from
the
countryside,
_____________
(work)
in
the
clothing
industry.
15.
(2020·龙东)Safety
_____________
(come)first.
Ⅰ.1-5
CAABB
6-10
ABAAA
11-15
DCCDA
Ⅱ.1.
are
2.
were
3.
is
4.
has
5.
has
passed
6.
are
7.
are;is
8.
has
invited
9.
am
10.
are;are
11.
cleans
12.
goes
13.
goes
14.
work
es
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