Unit4 Don’t eat in class.同步导学精炼（知识点和语法点汇总）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
七下Unit4
Don’t
eat
in
class.
一、重点短语与表达
1.
Don’t
arrive
late
for
class.
上课不要迟到。
（1）＂Don’t＋动词原形＂是祈使句的否定形式，意为＂不要……；禁止……＂，相当于＂You
mustn’t＋动词原形＂。
eg：Don’t
be
late
for
class
next
time.下次上课不要迟到了。
Don’t
play
football
in
the
street.
不要在街上踢足球。
（2）arrive
late
for与be
late
for的区别
arrive
late
for
都表示＂迟到＂
侧重到达时间晚
Don’t
arrive
late
for
the
meeting
next
time.下次开会别迟到了。
侧重于状态
She
is
late
for
work
every
day.她每天上班都迟到。
be
late
for
2.
You
must
be
on
time.你一定要准时。
（1）must
modal
verb
必须
must为情态动词，意为＂必须，一定＂。情态动词不能单独作谓语动词，必须和动词原形一起构成谓语。
You
must
read
a
book
before
you
watch
TV.
在看电视前你必须读书。
（2）must用于否定句时，mustn’t意为＂不允许，禁止＂，而不表示＂不必＂。
You
mustn’t
be
late
for
school.
你千万不要上学迟到。
（3）以must开头的一般疑问句，若作否定回答，可以用needn’t或don’t
have
to，不用mustn’t。
—Must
I
clean
all
the
rooms?
我必须打扫所有的房间吗？
—No,
you
needn’t/don’t
have
to.
不，你不必。
（4）on
time意为＂准时；按时＂，指在规定的时刻发生。
We
can’t
finish
the
work
on
time
without
his
help.没有他的帮忙，我们不能按时完成工作。
【辨析】on
time与in
time
on
time
准时(在规定的时间之内)
表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时间提前发生。
in
time
及时(恰在时间点上)
强调与某个时刻一致。
【一言辨异】She
didn’t
catch
the
bus
in
time，so
she
couldn’t
arrive
there
on
time.
她没有及时赶上公共汽车，因此她不能准时到那里。
3.
Don’t
listen
to
music
in
class.
不要在课堂上听音乐。
（1）①listen
to
music意为＂听音乐＂，其中listen为不及物动词，其后接宾语时，要加介词to。
Listen!
The
girl
is
singing.
听！那个女孩正在唱歌。
Listen
to
the
teacher
carefully,
please.
请认真听老师讲课。
【辨析】listen和hear
listen
不及物动词
后接宾语时，要加介词to，侧重于＂听＂的动作
This
girl
likes
to
listen
to
the
radio.这个女孩喜欢听收音机。
hear
及物动词
强调＂听＂的结果
Can
you
hear
anything?你能听到什么吗？
（2）①in
class是固定短语，意为＂在课上；上课时＂，after
class意为＂在课下；下课后＂。
【辨析】in
class和in
the
class
in
class
在课上；上课时
Do
you
listen
to
your
teacher
carefully
in
class?
你在课上认真听老师讲课吗？
in
the
class
在这个班
There
are
forty
students
in
the
class.这个班有40名学生。
【拓展】有类似用法的还有：
①in
hospital住院
in
the
hospital在医院里
②at
table吃饭　
at
the
table在桌子旁
4.
wear
/we?/
v.
穿；戴
wear为及物动词，意为＂穿；戴＂，表示状态。其过去式为wore，过去分词为worn。
eg:He
wears
a
black
T-shirt.
他穿着一件黑色的T恤衫。
She
likes
wearing
sunglasses.
她喜欢戴太阳镜。
【辨析】wear，put
on，dress，have
on与in
wear
强调＂穿；戴＂的状态，其宾语可以是衣服、鞋帽、首饰或眼镜等。
He
is
wearing
a
new
skirt
today.他今天穿着一条新短裙。
put
on
侧重＂穿；戴＂的动作，可用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。
Please
put
on
your
coat.请穿上你的外套。
dress
意为＂穿着；打扮＂，表＂穿＂的动作时，宾语是人，不是衣服。
She
dresses
her
little
brother
every
morning.她每天早上给她弟弟穿衣服。
have
on
表示状态，和wear相似，也可以表示＂随身携带……＂。
The
emperor
had
nothing
on.皇帝什么也没穿。
in
表示＂穿；戴＂的状态；后接表示衣服颜色的词。
The
boy
in
blue
is
my
brother.穿蓝色衣服的那个男孩是我弟弟。
5.
important/?m’p??(r)tnt/
adj.
重要的
（1）important为形容词，意为＂重要的＂，常与连系动词连用作表语，也可作定语，放在所修饰的名词前面。
There
is
an
important
meeting
this
afternoon.今天下午有一个重要的会议。
（2）常用句型为：It
is
important
for
sb.
to
do
sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是重要的。＂
It
is
important
for
us
to
learn
English
well.
对我们来说学好英语是重要的。
（3）important的名词形式为importance，是不可数名词。
The
health
report
stresses
the
importance
of
fresh
food
in
a
diet.这份健康报告强调了饮食中新鲜食物的重要性。
6.
Can
we
bring
music
players
to
school?
我们可以把音乐播放器带到学校吗？
（1）本句为含有情态动词can的一般疑问句，肯定回答用＂Yes,
...can.＂，否定回答用＂No,
...can’t.＂，
can在此处表示许可，意为＂可以＂。
（2）bring为及物动词，意为＂带来；取来＂反义词为take，意为＂拿走＂。bring
sth./sb.to
sp.意为＂把某物/某人带来某地＂。
eg：Why
don’t
you
bring
your
girl
friend
to
the
party?
你为什么不把你的女友带来参加聚会？
Please
take
these
books
to
the
library.请把这些书带到图书馆。
【辨析】bring,
take,
get与carry
bring
意为＂带来；拿来＂，指从别处带到说话者所在的地方来
Please
bring
your
family
photo
here.请把你的全家福照片带到这儿来。
take
意为＂带走；拿走＂，指从说话者所在的地方带到远处去。常与介词to连用。方向上与bring正好相反
His
father
often
takes
him
to
the
zoo
on
weekends.他爸爸经常在周末带他去动物园。
get
意为＂得到；获得＂，无方向性，常与介词from连用
People
often
get
money
from
me.人们经常从我这里取钱。
carry
意为＂搬运＂，无方向性
The
box
is
too
heavy
for
the
boy
to
carry.对那个男孩来说这个箱子太重了，他搬不动。
7.
This
is
a
great
school,
but
there
are
a
lot
of
rules.
a
lot
of意思是＂大量，许多(个)＂，可以接可数名词，相当于many，也可以接不可数名词，相当于much。
eg：I
have
a
lot
of
work
from
morning
till
night.
我从早到晚事情很多。
He
reads
a
lot
of
books
after
school
every
day.
他每天放学后阅读大量书籍。
8.practice
the
guitar
练习弹吉他
（1）practice此处用作及物动词，意为＂练习，训练＂，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
eg:I
often
practice
my
English
in
the
morning.
我常常在早上练习英语。
He
practices
playing
the
piano
every
day.
他每天练习弹钢琴。
（2）practice还可用作不可数名词，意为＂练习，实践＂。
eg:Practice
makes
perfect.熟能生巧。
9.do
the
dishes
清洗餐具
（1）dish此处用作可数名词，意为＂碟，盘＂，作＂餐具＂讲时，常用复数形式，其前常加the。
do
the
dishes相当于wash
the
dishes，意为＂清洗餐具＂。
eg:You
must
do
the
dishes
before
you
go
out.
你外出前必须清洗餐具。
（2）dish与plate二者都是餐具名称，都有＂盘，碟＂的意思，其区别在于：
dish
可泛指就餐时所用的餐具，包括盘、碟、碗、杯、刀、叉等，特指较深的盘子。
plate
指较平的盘子、碟子，可用来装菜。
【拓展】dish还可用作可数名词，意为＂菜肴，一道菜＂。eg:
He
likes
cold
dishes.他喜欢凉菜。
10.make
breakfast
做早饭
make
breakfast
for
给……做早饭。
eg:My
mother
gets
up
at
six
every
morning
to
make
breakfast
for
me.
我妈妈每天早晨六点起床给我做早饭。
【辨析】make与do两者都有＂做＂的意思。
make
＂生产，制造＂，指用原材料制作成某种东西，或经过努力而做成某物。一般强调做的东西时用make。
do
指进行一项经常性的或指定的活动，一般强调动作时用do。
eg:He’s
making
a
cake.
他正在做一个蛋糕。
I’m
doing
my
homework.
我正在做我的家庭作业。
【拓展】含有make的短语：
make
one’s
bed
整理某人的床铺
make
a
noise
发出噪音
make
faces
做鬼脸
make
dumplings包饺子
make
friends
with
和……交朋友
make
up
组成；化妆
make
a
difference
起作用
make
rules
制订规则
make
mistakes
犯错误
make
progress
取得进步
make
up
one’s
mind
下定决心
make
fun
of
取笑
make
room
for
为……让出地方
make
sb.
feel
at
home
舒适自在，无拘无束
11.leave
/li?v/
vt.留下，落下
（1）leave意为＂留下，落下＂,常与表示地点的介词短语连用,表示＂把某物忘在某地＂。其过去式和过去分词为left。
eg:I
left
my
pen
in
the
bedroom.我把钢笔落在卧室了。
【辨析】forget和leave
forget
表示忘记某物，常表示＂遗忘，记不起＂，不与地点状语连用
Oh,
dear!
I
forget
his
phone
number.糟糕！我忘记了他的电话号码。
leave
表示＂忘了带，落下；留在＂，常与地点状语连用
I’m
sorry.
I
left
my
homework
at
home.对不起，我把我的家庭作业落在家里了。
（3）leave的其他用法
leave
离开
He
leaves
home
early
every
day.
每天他早早地离开家。
忘了带，丢下
I
left
my
bag
at
home.
我把我的书包落在家了。
剩下
Hurry
up!
There’s
little
time
left.
快点！几乎没有时间了。
【辨析】leave
和
leave
for
leave
后跟的地点为＂出发地＂
He
left
Beijing
yesterday.
昨天他离开北京。
leave
for
后跟的地点为＂目的地＂
He
will
leave
for
Shanghai
tomorrow.
明天他将动身去上海。
12.At
school,
we
have
more
rules—don’t
be
noisy,
don’t
eat
in
class...
在学校，我们有更多的规则—不许喧哗，不要在课堂上吃东西……
（1）more意为＂更多的＂，此处是many的比较级，修饰可数名词复数形式。它也是much的比较级，可修饰不可数名词。
eg:She
has
more
books
than
I.
她的书比我的多。
（2）noisy形容词，意为＂吵闹的，嘈杂的＂，其反义词为quiet＂安静的＂。
【辨析】noise，noisy与noisily
noise
n.
喧闹声，噪音
Don’t
make
so
much
noise.
Dad
is
sleeping
in
the
next
room.不要制造这么大的噪音。爸爸正在隔壁的房间里睡觉。
noisy
adj.
吵闹的
Don’t
be
noisy!
Be
quiet,
please.不要吵闹！请保持安静。
noisily
adv.
吵闹地
My
little
sister
is
crying
noisily.我的小妹妹正在大声哭闹。
13.After
dinner,
I
can’t
relax
either.
晚饭后，我也不能放松。
（1）relax/r?’l?ks
/
v.
放松，休息
eg:Just
relax
and
enjoy
the
movie.
休息休息，看看电影吧。
【辨析】relax，relaxing与relaxed
relax
动词
放松；使放松
relaxing
形容词
主要用来修饰物，表示＂令人放松的＂
relaxed
形容词
主要用来修饰人，表示某人＂感到轻松的＂
eg:Playing
games
always
relaxes
me.
玩游戏总是使我放松。
This
film
is
very
relaxing.
这部电影很令人放松。
He
is
relaxed
after
taking
a
vacation.
度假后，他感到轻松。
【拓展】英语中类似的词还有：interesting有趣的；interested
感兴趣的；boring无聊的；bored
(对某人/某事)厌倦的，烦闷的；exciting令人兴奋/激动的；excited兴奋/激动的；surprising令人惊讶的；surprised感到惊讶的等。
eg:This
is
a
surprising
story.
这是一个令人惊讶的故事。
I’m
surprised
at
the
news.
我对这个消息感到惊讶。
(2)
either在此处意为＂也＂。
【辨析】either,
too与also
also
＂也＂，用于肯定句中，常放在句中，位于be动词、情态动词或助动词之后，实义动词之前。
too
＂也＂，用于肯定句中，一般放在句末。
either
＂也＂，用于否定句中，一般放在句末。
eg:My
brother
can
also
play
the
piano.
我哥哥也会弹钢琴。
I
like
English,
too.
我也喜欢英语。
I
don’t
like
it
either.
我也不喜欢它。
14.read/ri?d/
v.
阅读；读
【辨析】read，watch，see与look
read
意为＂阅读＂，侧重指看文字性的东西。可用于read
sth.
to
sb.或read
sb.
sth.结构。
He
is
reading
a
book.他正在看书。
watch
意为＂观看；注视＂，指非常仔细地、有目的地、全神贯注地＂看＂。
We
sat
and
watched
the
sunset.我们坐着看日落。
see
意为＂看见；看到＂，强调看的结果，指有意或无意地看到，无进行时态。
I
saw
him
leave
a
few
minutes
ago.几分钟前我看见他离开了。
look
意为＂看＂，强调看的动作，表示有意识地集中精力去看。
I
looked
but
saw
nothing.我看了，但什么也没看到。
15.terrible/’ter?bl/
adj.非常讨厌的；可怕的
terrible＂非常讨厌的；可怕的＂。在非正式语体里，terrible还可作＂很糟的，极差的＂解，在句中可用作定语或表语。
eg:Do
you
know
the
terrible
news?
你知道那则骇人听闻的新闻吗？
It
is
terrible
that
she
lost
her
purse.
糟透了，她丢失了钱包。
【拓展】terribly为副词，意为＂很；非常；很厉害地＂。
eg:
I
am
terribly
sorry
for
that.
我对那件事非常抱歉。
She
suffered
terribly
when
her
son
was
killed.
她儿子被杀之后，她遭受了极大的痛苦。
16.Parents
and
schools
are
sometimes
strict,
but
remember,
they
make
rules
to
help
us.
父母和学校有时是严格的，但是要记住，他们制订规则是为了帮助我们。
（1）strict形容词，意为＂严格的，严厉的＂，在句中可作表语、定语。
She
is
a
strict
teacher.
她是一个严格的老师。
【辨析】
be
strict
with
sb.
对某人要求严格
My
parents
are
strict
with
me.我父母对我要求严格。
be
strict
in
sth.
对某事要求严格
Our
teacher
is
strict
in
his
work.我们的老师对他的工作要求严格。
（2）remember为及物动词，意为＂记住，记起＂，
其反义词是forget，意为＂忘记＂。remember后可接名词、代词、动词的?ing形式和动词不定式作宾语。
eg:I
can’t
remember
his
telephone
number.我记不得他的电话号码了。
【辨析】remember
to
do
sth.与
remember
doing
sth.
remember
to
do
sth.
记得要去做某事，说明事情还没有做，相当于don’t
forget
to
do
sth.
Remember
to
telephone
me
when
you
arrive
there.当你到那里的时候，记着打电话给我。
remember
doing
sth.
记得做过某事，说明事情已经做过
I
remember
seeing
her
in
the
city.我记得在这个城市见过她。
17.follow
/’f?l??/
v.
遵守
follow在此为及物动词，意为＂遵循，遵守＂，常用短语：follow
the
rules遵守规则。
eg:We
should
follow
the
traffic
rules.我们应该遵守交通规则。
【拓展】follow常见的其他用法有：
①跟随，跟着
eg:Please
follow
me.
I’ll
show
you
the
way.
请跟我走，我来给你带路。
②明白，领悟(＝understand)
You
are
speaking
too
fast
and
we
can’t
quite
follow
you.
你讲得太快，我们不太懂你的意思。
③沿……而行follow
the
road
沿路而行
④following作形容词，意为＂下列的，接下来的＂
eg:Can
you
answer
the
following
questions?
你能回答下列问题吗？
18.luck
/
l?k
/
n.幸运；运气
luck为不可数名词，意为＂幸运；运气＂。
good
luck
(to
sb.)表示＂祝(某人)好运＂，bad
luck意为＂倒霉＂。
eg:She
had
no
luck
finding
a
job.
她很不幸，找不到工作。
I
wish
you
good
luck!＝Good
luck
to
you!
祝你好运！
【拓展】①lucky是形容词，意为＂幸运的，吉祥的，侥幸的＂。
eg:He
is
a
lucky
dog.他是个幸运的家伙。
②luckily是副词，意为＂幸运地，幸亏，侥幸＂。
eg:Luckily
there
was
a
doctor
on
the
spot.
幸运的是现场有一位医生。
19.keep
my
hair
short
留短发
(1)keep用作及物动词，意为＂使……保持某种状态＂，即＂keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语＂结构，其中宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。
eg:We
must
keep
the
classroom
clean.
我们必须保持教室干净。
Keep
the
children
away
from
the
fire,
please.
请让孩子们远离火。
【拓展】keep的其他用法：
①keep作及物动词，可意为＂保留＂，后可接时间段。
eg:How
long
can
I
keep
the
book?
我可以借这本书多长时间？
②keep作及物动词，可意为＂遵守＂，与follow同义。
eg:Everyone
must
keep
the
rules.
每个人必须遵守规章制度。
③keep还可作连系动词，后接形容词等作表语。
eg:You
must
look
after
yourself
and
keep
healthy.
你必须照顾好你自己，保持身体健康。
（2）hair
/he?(r)/
n.头发；毛发
hair可用作可数名词和不可数名词。指头发的总称时，是集合名词，为不可数；指一根根的头发时，是可数名词。
eg:He
has
blond
hair.
他有一头金发。
Look
at
this,
a
hair
in
my
soup.你瞧，我的汤里有根头发。
20.have
fun
玩得高兴；获得乐趣
（1）have
fun中的fun是不可数名词，其前可用no;
much;
a
lot
of等词修饰。
eg:It’s
a
good
place
to
have
fun.
那是一个获得乐趣的好地方。
（2）同义短语：enjoy
oneself或have
a
good
time。
eg:Did
you
have
fun/enjoy
yourself/have
a
good
time
at
the
party?
你在聚会上玩得开心吗？
【拓展】have
fun(in)doing
sth.意为＂做某事有乐趣＂。
eg:The
kids
are
having
fun
playing
in
the
park
now.
现在孩子们在公园玩得正开心呢。
21.Dear
Dr.Know
Dr.是Doctor一词的缩写，意思是＂博士；医生；医师＂，冠于姓氏之前，表示对某人的尊称，
如：Dr.Zhu朱博士；Dr.
Bethune白求恩大夫。
22...I
don’t
want
the
cat
to
get
me!?
want
sb.to
do
sth./want
sb.not
to
do
sth.的意思是＂想要某人做某事/想要某人不做某事＂。
eg:I
want
my
cousin
to
help
me
with
my
lesson.
我想要我的表哥帮我学习功课。
He
doesn’t
want
me
to
tell
you
about
it.
他不想我告诉你这件事。
【练习】
一、单项选择题。
1.The
passengers
show
their
ID
cards
before
getting
on
the
plane.
A.
might
B.
must
C.
could
2.Don’t
be
late
class!
We
must
be
on
time.
A.
for
B.
to
C.
in
3.Children
sit
in
the
front(前面)
seat
of
a
car.
It’s
too
dangerous(危险).
A.
need
B.
needn’t
C.
must
D.
mustn’t
4.—Must
I
hand
in(上交)
my
homework
now,
Mr.
Smith?
—No,
you
.
A.
can’t
B.
shouldn’t
C.
wouldn’t
D.
needn’t
5.The
teachers
hope
all
of
us
can
hand
our
homework
time
every
day.
A.
up;
in
B.
out;
on
C.
on;
in
D.
in;
on
6.We
all
the
man
carefully(仔细),
but
we
can’t
what
he
says.
A.
listen
to;
listen
to
B.
listen
to;
hear
C.hear;listens
to
D.hear；hear
7.She
the
children
in
their
best
clothes.
A.
put
on
B.
wore
C.
dressed
D.
had
on
8.It’s
important
me
the
piano
every
day.
A.
to；practice
B.
for；practice
C.
for；to
practice
D.
to；to
practice
9.Why
don’t
you
your
friends
to
the
party?
I
want
to
meet
them.
A.
bring
B.
takes
C.
gets
D.
carry
10.—Can
I
park
my
car
in
front
of
the
building?
—No,
you
.
won’t　
B.
can’t　
C.
needn’t　
D.
couldn’t
11.Bruce
practices
basketball
every
day
so
that
he
can
be
a
better
player.
A.
play
B.
to
play
C.
playing
12.—I’m
sorry
I
my
exercise
book
at
home
this
morning.
—It
doesn’t
matter.
Don’t
forget
it
here
this
afternoon.
A.
left;
to
take
B.
forgot;
bringing
C.
left;
to
bring
D.
forgot;
to
bring
13.Tony
gets
up
early
in
the
morning.
He
likes
to
make
breakfast
his
family.
A.
at　　
B.
on
C.
for
D.
from
14.—I’m
going
to
Mary’s
birthday
party.
Bye,
Mom.
—
,
David!
A.
Best
wishes
B.
Have
fun
C.
Take
care
D.
No
problem
15.—Must
I
return
the
book
this
week?
—No,
you
.
You
can
it
for
20
days.
A.
mustn’t；keep
B.
needn’t；borrow
C.
needn’t；keep
16.—I’m
going
to
enter
an
English
speaking
competition
tomorrow.
—
!
A.
Good
luck
B.
Have
a
nice
trip
C.
No
problem
D.
Congratulations
17.For
our
own
safety,
it’s
important
to
the
traffic
rules
on
the
way
to
school.
A.
follow　　　　
B.
change　　
C.
make
D.
break
18.Tom,
please
remember
the
light
when
you
leave.
A.
turn
off
B.
turning
off
C.
to
turn
off
19.My
English
teacher
is
always
strict
us.
A.
in　　
B.
at　　
C.
with　　
D.
about
20.—Bruce,
I
don’t
like
this
restaurant.
It’s
too
here.
—Well,
let’s
go
somewhere
quiet.
A.
dirty
B.
noisy
C.
dangerous
D.
expensive
21.
—How
do
you
usually
go
to
school?
—My
school
is
far
away.
I
take
the
bus
to
school.
A.
must
B.
might
C.
have
to
22.
—Don’t
throw
paper
on
the
floor.
—
.
A.
Good
idea.
B.
Sorry,
I
won’t.
C.
Cheers!
D.
No
way!
23.
—May
I
go
out
for
a
while,
Mom?
—No,
you
.
You
have
to
finish
your
homework
first.
A.
shouldn’t
B.
needn’t
C.
mustn’t
D.
won’t
24.
Cars,
buses,
bikes
and
people
stop
when
the
traffic
lights
are
red.
A.
can
B.
may
C.
must
25.
—Can
I
listen
to
music
here?
—
.But
you
can
listen
to
music
in
the
hallways.
A.
Yes,
please
B.
No,
you
can’t
C.
No,
you
don’t
D.
Yes,
you
can
26.
I
am
in
a
jacket
today.
But
he
says
we
have
to
uniforms
at
school.
A.
wear
B.
put
on
C.
dress
D.
have
in
27.
—Please
the
photos
taken
in
Canada
here
when
you
come
to
school
tomorrow.
I’d
like
to
have
a
look.
—OK!
A.
take
B.
get
C.
bring
D.
carry
28.
—I
hear
you
h
ave
to
get
up
earl
y
every
morning.
—Right.
It’s
one
of
the
of
my
family.
A.
plans
B.
jobs
C.
programs
D.
rules
29.
Did
he
have
to
at
that
time?
A.
went
B.
go
C.
does
D.
going
30.
This
is
an
talk.
Please
arrive
time.
A.
important;
on
B.
good;
on
C.
important;
in
D.
good;
in
31.
Rose
school
very
early
every
day.
A.
gets
B.
gets
to
C.
arrives
32.
—Is
ready
for
the
trip?
—No,
we
still
need
to
buy
a
map
before
we
start
the
trip.
A.
anything
B.
something
C.
everything
D.
nothing
33.
—
do
you
go
to
bed?
—At
10:00.
A.
What
time
B.
What
C.
Why
D.
Who
34.
Students
can’t
music
in
the
hallways.
A.
listen
B.
hear
C.
listen
to
D.
hear
to
35.
They
arrived
Shanghai
very
late
last
night.
A.
at
B.
in
C.
on
D.
to
二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.
I
prefer
historical
dramas
because
they
are
a
(relax)
way
for
me
to
learn
history.
2.
Too
many
(rule)
make
Molly
feel
terrible.
3.
Please
don’t
be
(noise).
The
baby
is
sleeping.
4.
I
have
a
(relax)
weekend.
5.
Zhao
Pei
has
to
learn
(play)
the
piano
on
weekends.
6.
Do
you
have
fun
(watch)
TV?
三、用适当的介词填空。
1.
Sally
is
never
late
class.
2.
—What
do
you
usually
do
school
nights?
—I
usually
do
my
homework.
3.
My
brother
likes
listening
music
night.
4.
Can
you
help
me
my
math?
5.
Nick
always
brushes
his
teeth
going
to
bed.
二、重点语法
祈使句
用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。祈使句最常用于表达命令。祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称，所以通常都省略主语。祈使句的开头动词都为原形，句末则使用句号或感叹号。
Go
and
wash
your
hands.去洗你的手。(命令)
Be
quiet,
please.
请安静。(请求)
Be
kind
to
your
sisters.
对妹妹要和善。(劝告)
Look
out!
Danger!
小心！危险！(警告)
Keep
off
the
grass.勿践踏草坪。(禁止)
1.
祈使句的形式
（1）肯定祈使句的表现形式：
Do型
动词原形(＋宾语)＋其他成分
Please
have
a
seat
here.
请这边坐。
Be型
Be＋表语(名词或形容词)＋其他成分
Be
a
good
boy！要做一个好孩子！
Let型
Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分
Let
me
help
you.让我来帮你。
（2）否定祈使句的表现形式：
①Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加Don’t。
Don’t
forget
me!
不要忘记我！
Don’t
be
late
for
school!
上学不要迟到！
②Let型的否定式有两种：＂Don’t＋let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分＂和＂Let＋宾语＋not＋动词原形＋其他成分＂。
Don’t
let
him
go./Let
him
not
go.
别让他走。
③有些可用no开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
No
smoking!
禁止吸烟！
No
fishing!
禁止垂钓！
【祈使句用法歌诀】
祈使句，祈使句，请求、命令或建议。
主语是you常省去，动词原形开头记。
否定形式要注意，句首要把Don’t加。
要讲客气用please，句首、句末没关系。
情态动词must和have
to的用法
1.
must的用法
（1）must表示主观义务，意思是＂应该，必须＂，其否定式mustn’t意为＂不应该，不准＂。
eg：We
must
get
there
before
five
o’clock.
我们必须在五点钟前赶到那儿。
You
mustn’t
break
the
rules.
你不要破坏规定。
对用must所提问题的否定回答，常用needn’t或don’t
have
to，意思为：不必。
eg：Must
I
stay
here
after
school?
放学后我还得留在这儿吗？
No,
you
needn’t
/
don’t
have
to.
不了，没有必要。
（2）must表示推测，意思为：一定，必定(只用于肯定句中)。
eg：He
must
be
our
headmaster.
他肯定是我们的校长。
He
must
have
seen
the
film
last
night.
他昨天晚上肯定看了那场电影。
2.
have
to表示客观要求，意思为：不得不；必须；除此之外，别无选择。使用have
to应注意以下几点：
（1）have
to后接动词原形，意为＂必须做……；不得不做……＂。
eg：We
have
no
food
home,
you
have
to
go
and
get
some,
Tom.
家里没有食物了，汤姆你得去买一些来。
（2）have
to
有人称、数和时态的变化，其第三人称单数形式为has
to。
eg：She
has
to
help
her
mom
make
dinner.
她不得不帮她妈妈做晚饭。
eg：There’s
no
bus
here,
so
we
had
to
walk
home.
现在这里没有汽车了，我们只好走路回家了。
（3）含有have
to,
has
to的句子需分别借助动词do,
does构成疑问句或否定句。
eg：Do
they
have
to
go
now?
他们得现在回家吗？
You
don’t
have
to
go
if
you
don’t
want
to.
如果你不想去，你就不必去。
【辨析】have
to
与must
词(组)
用法
否定形式
have
to必须；不得不
强调客观存在的必要性，含有不情愿的色彩，不能用来表示推测。有时态、人称和数的变化。
don’t/doesn’t
have
to意为＂不必；不必要＂，相当于needn’t。
must必须；一定
表示说话人的主观意志和看法，含有自觉、自愿的色彩，不能用于过去时或将来时，也没有人称和数的变化。可以用来表示推测，
意为＂准是；一定＂
mustn’t表示＂禁止；不允许；一定不要＂。
eg：I
have
to
study
hard.
我不得不努力学习。
I
must
study
hard.
我必须努力学习。
You
don’t
have
to
tell
him
about
it.
你没有必要把这件事告诉他。
You
mustn’t
tell
him
about
it.
你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
【练习】
一、请根据你校的实际情况,用have
to，don’t
have
to，can，can’t，must，mustn’t等表达你的校规。
1.
I
arrive
late
for
class.
I
be
on
time.
2.
I
keep
my
hair
short
and
wear
a
school
uniform.
3.
I
listen
to
my
teachers
carefully
in
class.
I
talk
with
my
partner.
4.
I
be
noisy
in
the
classroom.
I
be
quiet.
5.
I
eat
in
the
classroom.
I
eat
in
the
dining
hall.
二、根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
1.
到这儿来。
.
2.
快点！
quick!
3.
不要在这儿吃东西。
here.
4.
让我们骑自行车到那儿吧。
the
bike
to
get
there.
5.
别在走廊里跑。
in
the
hallways.
三、单项选择题。
1.—Lingling,
can
I
use
your
e-dictionary?
—Sure.
But
you
return
it
after
class.
A.
must
B.
can
C.
may
D.
would
2.Daniel,
play
with
the
mobile
phone
while
you’re
walking
in
the
street.
A.
don’t
B.
doesn’t
C.
won’t
D.
can’t
3.—
dressed
now!
We
have
to
go
in
ten
minutes.
—OK,
Mom.
Getting
B.
Get
C.
To
get
　
D.
Gets
4.
At
school
I
wear
a
uniform
and
I
keep
my
hair
short.
A.
can’t;
have
to
B.
have
to
;must
C.
don’t
have
to;must
5.
—Must
I
return
the
book
this
week?
—No,
you
.
You
can
it
for
20
days.
A.
mustn’t:
keep
B.
needn’t;
borrow
C.
needn’t;
keep
D.
mustn’t;
borrow
6.
—Will
you
please
stay
here
a
little
longer?
—Sorry,
I
.
I
eat
dinner
with
my
mother.
She’s
coming.
A.
mustn’t;
will
have
to
B.
don’t;
have
to
C.
can’t;
had
to
D.
can’t;
will
have
to
7.
—
Jim
study
hard
these
days?
—Yes,
he
will
take
an
exam
next
week.
A.
Is,
have
to
B.
Does,
have
to
C.
Can,
have
to
D.
Does,
has
to
8.
Mrs
Green
go
far
if
she
goes
shopping.
The
supermarket
is
beside
her
neighbourhood.
A.
have
to
B.
doesn’t
have
to
C.
needn’t
have
to
D.
haven’t
to
9.
This
book
Tom’s
father’s,
because
his
name
is
on
the
book.
A.
maybe
B.
may
be
C.
must
be
D.
must
10.
—It’s
said
a
pianist
will
perform
at
Poly
Theater
on
Friday
evening.
Is
it
Lang
Lang?
—Yes,
it
him.
He
for
a
week.
A.
must
be;
has
arrived
here
B.
maybe;
has
been
here
C.
must
be;
has
been
here
D.
maybe;
has
arrived
here
11.
The
girl
in
the
classroom
be
Maria.
She
called
me
from
the
library
just
now.
A.
mustn’t
B.
may
not
C.
can’t
D.
needn’t
12.
—Where
is
Tom?
Is
he
in
the
room
now?
—He
be
there,
for
I
saw
him
in
the
teachers’
office
just
now.
A.
can’t
B.
may
not
C.
shouldn’t
D.
mustn’t
13.
We
_____________
use
mobile
phones
when
the
plane
takes
off
A.
may
not
B.
shouldn’t
C.
needn’t
D.
mustn’t
四、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.
(do)
your
homework
right
now(立刻).
2.
Please
(be)
quiet.
3.
(not
let)
the
dog
come
in.
4.
No
(swim)!
5.
Stop
(talk)!
【重点短语与表达】答案：
一、BADDD
BCCAB
CCCBC
AACCB
CBCCB
ACDBA
BCACB
二、1.
relaxing
2.
rules
3.
noisy
4.
relaxing
5.
to
play
6.
watching
三、1.
for
2.
on
3.
to；at
4.
with
5.
before
【重点语法】答案：
一、1.
can’t；must
2.
have
to
3.
must/have
to；can’t/mustn’t
4.
can’t/mustn’t；must/have
to
5.can’t/mustn’t；must
二、1.
Come
here
2.
Be
3.
Don’t
eat
4.
Let’s
ride
5.
Don’t
run
三、AABBC
DBBCC
CAD
四、1.
Do
2.
be
3.
Don’t
let　4.
swimming
5.
talking
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