牛津译林版模块3 Unit 1 The world of our senses Grammar and usage名词性从句课件（37张ppt）

(共37张PPT)
Grammar
and
usage
Introduction
to
noun
clauses
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句(Noun
Clauses），它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，由连接词that,
if/whether和各种特殊疑问词引导。
名词从句
从句中必须用陈述语序。
名词性从句在功能上相当于名词
His
job
is
important.
What
he
does
is
important.
主语
This
is
his
job.
This
is
what
he
does
every
day.
表
语
I
don’t
like
his
job.
I
don’t
like
what
he
does
every
day.
宾
语
I
don’t
know
about
the
man,
Mr.
White.
I
don’t
know
about
the
fact
that
he
is
a
teacher.
同
位
语
1.
主语从句:
在复合句中充当主语的从句。
a.
由that引导的主语从句(that不可以省略)。如:
That
the
doorman
remembered
their
names
surprised
them
a
lot.
看门人还记得他们的名字使他们感到很惊讶。
Noun
clauses
b.
由
whether引导的主语从句(不可用if替代)。
Whether
it
will
clear
up
tomorrow
is
not
yet
known.
明天天气是否会放晴尚不清楚。
c.
由特殊疑问词引导的主语从句。如:
How
much
time
students
spend
on
their
homework
often
concerns
teachers.
教师经常关心学生花多少时间完成家庭作业。
d.
it作形式主语。如:
It
was
reported
that
the
football
team
was
warmly
received
by
the
Queen
at
the
Buckingham
Palace.
据报道，足球队在白金汉宫受到了女王的亲切接见。
2.
宾语从句:
在复合句中作宾语的从句，通常放在主句的谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
a.
作动词的宾语
Later
on
I
realized
(that)
I
was
wrong.
后来我意识到自己错了。
b.
作介词的宾语。如:
We
talked
excitedly
about
whether
we
would
spend
our
two-day
holiday
on
the
beach
or
in
the
hotel.
我们兴奋地谈论着是要去海边还是酒店度过两天的假期。
c.
it作形式宾语。如:
I
find
it
interesting
that
traffic
always
keeps
to
the
left
in
Britain.
在英国，车辆总是靠左行驶，我觉得挺有趣。
3.
表语从句:在复合句中作表语的从句，放在系动词之后。
a.
由that引导的表语从句(that在非正式语体中常可省略)。如:
The
fact
is
(that)we
don't
have
enough
experience
for
the
work.
事实是我们缺少足够的经验来完成这项工作。
b.
由
whether引导的表语从句。
The
question
is
whether
I
should
e-mail
him
about
the
news
now.
问题是我现在是否应该发邮件告诉他这个消息。
C.
由特殊疑问词引导的表语从句。如:
The
problem
we
are
facing
now
is
how
we
can
collect
so
much
money
for
the
blind.
我们现在面临的问题是怎样为盲人筹集这么多钱。
(4)
同位语从句:
在复合句中作名词的同位语的从句，对名词起进一步解释的作用，说明名词所包含的内容。如:
Before
leaving,
the
Green
family
expressed
the
wish
that
they
would
come
to
China
again.
离別前，格林一家表达了想再次来中国的愿望。
Read
the
article
on
Page
9
and
describe
the
main
idea
in
your
own
words.
While
reading,
underline
all
the
noun
clauses
you
can
find
in
this
article.
Paragraph
1
The
possibility
that
pleasant
smells
might
reduce
pain
has…
Paragraph
2
Since
it
is
believed
that
strong
smells
can
affect
the
senses,
…
Paragraph
3
Scientists
are
interested
in
whether
the
sense
of
smell
is
related
to
pain.
Answers
They
are
also
curious
about
whether
it
is
the
same
for
both
sexes.
Now,
the
study
has
proved
that
for
women,
pleasant
smells
reduce
pain.
Paragraph
4
He
says
that
scientists
have
already
collected
data
from
40
volunteers.
He
adds
that
this
year,
scientists
will
test
another
60
volunteers
and
will
be
in
a
better
position
to
analyse
the
results.
Paragraph
5
One
explanation
is
that
women’s
sense
of
smell
is
better
developed
than
that
of
men,
and
is
linked
to
recognizing
the
smell
of
babies.
Scientists
used
to
believe
that
mothers
recognize
their
children
by
sight
only.
Now,
they
have
become
convinced
that
the
sense
of
smell
also
helps.
However,
why
pleasant
smells
do
not
reduce
pain
in
men
remains
a
puzzle
for
scientists.
二、名词性从句连接词的选用
(1)
that
和what
的选用
that
和
what
都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。
what
that
that
1.
His
success
was
because
of
the
fact
he
had
been
working
hard.
2.
He
asked
me
was
the
matter
with
me.
3.
I
am
sure
he
said
is
true.
4.
It
worried
her
a
bit
her
hair
was
turning
grey.
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
that
or
what.
what
(2)
if
和whether
的选用
whether和
if
都可以使用的情况：
1)
引导动词的宾语从句时；
2)
在be
+
adj.之后时；
3)
在主语从句中，it
用作形式主语时。
只能用whether的情况：
①在非正式文体中，if
...
or
not
也是正确的。但与or
not直接连用时，只能用whether(即whether
or
not)，而不能用if
(即if
or
not)；
②引导表语从句和同位语从句时；
③引导主语从句，且位于句首时；
④引导介词后的宾语从句时；
⑤后面直接跟动词不定式时；
⑥if引起歧义时。
1.
l
go
camping
tomorrow
depends
on
the
weather.
2.
--Do
you
know
Mr
Smith
has
been
ill
for
two
weeks?
--Yes.
I
wonder
he
is
better
now.
3.
I
have
no
idea
she
has
heard
about
the
news.
4.
he
will
visit
our
school
or
not
tomorrow
is
still
not
decided
yet.
if
/
whether
Whether
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
if
or
whether.
if
/
whether
Whether
其它连接代词和副词的连用
主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义，正确的选择who/
which/
when/where/
why/how
等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。
我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。
_____
we
shall
hold
our
sports
meeting
is
not
decided.
我不知道昨天谁没来。
I
don’t
know
____
was
absent
yesterday.
When
who
我不知道他喜欢什么。
I
have
no
idea
_____
he
likes.
这就是我忘记书的地方。
This
is
______
I
left
my
books.
what
where
引导词
that
的省略
that引导主语从句，并且主语从句后
置，由it
作形式主语时，that不可省略；
It
was
good
news
that
everyone
got
back
safely.
2.
that
引导宾语从句时，可以省略；但如果有两个that
引导的宾语从句，则第二个宾语从句中的that
不可省略；
He
said
(that)
the
exhibition
was
excellent
and
that
he
wanted
to
visit
it
once
more.
3.
介词后的宾语从句中的that
不可省略;
His
composition
is
very
good
except
that
there
are
some
spelling
mistakes.
4.
如果that
连接的宾语从句中紧接着一
个由其他连词引导的状语从句，that
不能省略；
He
said
that,
if
I
did
not
have
time,
I
might
choose
not
to
go.
5.
引导同位语从句的连词that
在句中不
充当成分，且不可省略。
The
news
that
our
team
has
won
the
match
is
plete
the
sentences.
1.
It
was
was
advertised
on
TV
that
made
many
customers
buy
what
they
might
not
need.
2.
As
a
new
graduate,
he
doesn't
know
it
takes
to
start
a
business
here.
3.
The
news
came
my
cousin
was
chosen
chairman
of
the
Students'
Union.
what
what
that
4.
--What
do
your
parents
think
about
your
decision?
--They
always
let
me
do
I
think
I
should.
5.
The
most
important
thing
we
should
pay
attention
to
in
an
exam
is
our
teacher
mentioned
in
class.
6.
I
shall
never
forget
is
the
time
when
I
lived
in
the
countryside
with
those
friendly
farmers
and
this
experience
has
a
great
effect
on
my
life.
that
What
what
what
Read
the
article
about
our
senses
on
page
11
and
circle
the
right
words.
Answers:
1.
________
2.
________
3.
________
4.
________
5.
________
6.
________
if
that
that
that
whether
that
Complete
the
story
on
page
11
using
that,
whether
or
if.
Answers:
1.
________
2.
________
3.
________
4.
________
5.
________
6.
________
7.
________
8.
________
that
that
that
if/whether
that
if/whether
that
that
填入适当的连词完成句子并在句末写出句子中所含从句的类型。
1.
I
am
worried
about
is
the
fact
more
and
more
children
become
overweight.
(
)
(
)
2.
It
was
was
advertised
on
TV
that
made
many
customers
buy
what
they
might
not
need.
(
)
What
that
what
主语从句
同位语从句
主语从句
3.
Lucy
hesitated
about
she
should
accept
his
invitation.
(
)
4.
When
hearing
the
news
he
had
won
first
prize,
he
was
excited.
(
)
5.
This
famous
university
is
he
studied
for
four
years.
(
)
whether
that
where
宾语从句
同位语从句
表语从句
6.
The
city
is
different
from
it
was
ten
years
ago.
(
)
7.
The
question
so
many
people
would
like
to
take
photos
before
eating
is
still
under
discussion.
(
)
what
why
宾语从句
同位语从句
Do
C1
and
C2
on
Page
92
of
the
Workbook.
Preview
the
next
part.
Homework