2021年中考英语专题复习讲义---第三讲 冠词 （基础版）（含答案）

第三节：冠词
专题概述：
不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及冠词的活用，难度适中，题型主要是完形填空、综合填空以及短文改错题。掌握定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的使用规则和常见的习惯用法以及与冠词有关的习语和固定句型。
语法考点：
1. 冠词的基本用法： 泛指、特指、类指和专指
2. 冠词的习惯用法：定冠词/不定冠词/零冠词的习惯用法
3. 冠词的活用：形容词比较级、最高级和序数词等前的冠词活用
冠词（Article）
冠词是用在名词前面起辅助作用的词。主要有不定冠词a，an和定冠词the
118999093980 →用在单数可数名词前 表示一类人或物，是泛朴
→用在单数可数名词前 表示一类人或物中的任意一个。
不定冠词a/an： →表示数量 但数的概念没有one强烈，a还可以用于hundred，
thousand，million等词前，相当于one,意为“一”。
→用于某些固定结构中
16510123190① 泛指：指首次提到的、不限定的人或物。
② 类指：指具有共同性质或典型特征的事物的一个类别。
③ 特指：指前面已经提到的人或物，或是指被限定性修饰语在其后加以限制的人或物，也可以指说话双方心中所默认的、特定的人或物。
④ 专指是指类别中的一员或一部分具体物。
注意：a/an 必须 用于单数可数名词前。
① 单数可数名词前用a还是an，不取决于字母而取决于音素
② a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)之前，an用于元音之前
→ This is a B/C/D/G/J/K/P/Q/R/T/U/V/W/Y/Z.
→ This is an A/E/F/H/I/L/M/N/O/S/X.
① 泛指：指首次提到的、不限定的人或物。
② 类指：指具有共同性质或典型特征的事物的一个类别。
③ 特指：指前面已经提到的人或物，或是指被限定性修饰语在其后加以限制的人或物，也可以指说话双方心中所默认的、特定的人或物。
④ 专指是指类别中的一员或一部分具体物。
注意：a/an 必须 用于单数可数名词前。
① 单数可数名词前用a还是an，不取决于字母而取决于音素
② a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)之前，an用于元音之前
→ This is a B/C/D/G/J/K/P/Q/R/T/U/V/W/Y/Z.
→ This is an A/E/F/H/I/L/M/N/O/S/X.
定冠词the的用法：
①用于单数可数名词前表示一类人或事物。
②用于双方都知道的人或物前。
③特指的或上文已提到的人或物。
④用于宇宙中独一无二的事物的名称前。
⑤用于形容词最高级和序数词前。
⑥用于江河海湖等地理专有名词及普通名词构成的专有名词前。
⑦用于姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人或这一姓氏的夫妻二人。
⑧用于形容词前，表示一类人或事物。
⑨用于表示乐器的名词前。
⑩用于某些固定的短语中。
48260195580易错警示：
a number of与the number of的区别:
① a number of意为“许多”，是个固定搭配，修饰可数名词的复数。
②the number of意为“……数量”。
易错警示：
a number of与the number of的区别:
① a number of意为“许多”，是个固定搭配，修饰可数名词的复数。
②the number of意为“……数量”。
零冠词：
不用冠词的情况又叫零冠词
名词前不使用冠词的情况:名词之前代词限，复数名词表泛指，球类学科和三餐，专有名词不可数，星期月份季节前，交通手段和节日，习语称谓和头衔。
21590183515注意：有the无the，意思千差万别
at school在上学 at the school在学校里
at table在吃饭 at the table在桌子旁
in bed(睡、病、躺)在床上 in the bed在床上
in hospital住院 in the hospital在医院里
by sea乘船 by the sea在海滨
on earth究竟 on the earth在地球上
in front of在……前面(外部) in the front of在……前面(内部)
无定冠词the时强调行为本身 有定冠词the时强调地点
注意：有the无the，意思千差万别
at school在上学 at the school在学校里
at table在吃饭 at the table在桌子旁
in bed(睡、病、躺)在床上 in the bed在床上
in hospital住院 in the hospital在医院里
by sea乘船 by the sea在海滨
on earth究竟 on the earth在地球上
in front of在……前面(外部) in the front of在……前面(内部)
无定冠词the时强调行为本身 有定冠词the时强调地点
冠词的固定搭配：
与不定冠词搭配的固定短语
a lot of许多
a little一点儿
a few一些，几个
take a message for为……捎口
once upon a time从前
after a while一会儿后
as a result结果
have a rest休息
have a talk谈话
have a cold感冒
have a fever发烧
have a headache头痛
make a mistake犯错误
make a living谋生
go out for a walk出去散步
take a seat坐下
have a good time玩得高兴
in a word总之
a moment ago片刻之前
in a hurry匆忙
do sb a favor帮助某人
与定冠词the搭配的固定短语
all the time一直
all the year around一年到头
at the same time同时
at the age of在……岁时
at the moment此刻
at the beginning of在…开始时
by the way 顺便说
at the end of在…结束时
in the daytime在白天
at the foot of在……脚下
in the middle of在……中间
in the past在过去
with the help of在……帮助下
the day before yesterday前天
in the end最后
on the other side of…在…的另一边
in the morning/afternoon/evening在早/晚上/下午
第三讲课堂练习
A选择填空：
1.He ordered a washing machine by phone two days ago, and ___ machine has arrived.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
2.My pen pal enjoys watching football matches, but he doesn't like playing ___ football.
A, a B, an C, / D, the
3.Would you like ___ apple juice?
A, an B, any C, a D, some
4.___ young man beside me is ___ university student.
A, An, a B, An, / C, The, an D, The, a
5.I like to read ___ book. It’s better than reading on the Internet.
A, / B, a C, an D, the
6.His father is ___ engineer. He always wears ___ uniform at work.
A, a, a B, a, an C, an, a D, an, an
7.Just wait for ___ while and then I’ll help you.
A, a B, the C, an D, /
8.I have ___ information about the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
A, a B, an C, a piece of D, a lot
9.Jane wants to go to ___ college when she finishes secondary school.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
10.___ Johnsons adopted (收养) ___ homeless boy out of charity ten years ago.
A, /, a B, /, an C, The, a D, The, an
11.___ girl with a toy in her hand is my little sister.
A, A B, An C, The D, /
12.Last week, I wrote ___ article on our School Food Festival to Shanghai Students’ Post.
A, the B, an C, a D, /
13.___ teacher said that Jack was ___ new student and he was ___ honest.
A, The, a, / B, A, the, a C, A, a, an D, The, a, an
14.Please get everything ready. Our meeting will begin in half ___ hour.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
15.It’s about half ___ hour's walk from here to ___ nearest underground station.
A, a, the B, an, the C, /, the D, the, a
16.A: What are you going to be when you grow up?
B: I hope to be ___ animal doctor when I grow up.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
17.The Browns have ____ 8-year-old girl. She is learning English these days.
A, the B, a C, an D, /
18.My younger sister is sick. She has been in ____ hospital for three days.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
B选择填空：
1. ____ Great Wall is ____ longest wall in the world.
A, The, the B, A, a C, A, the D, The, a
2. Who's ____ woman over there?
A, / B, the C, a D, an
3. Shanghai is in ____ east of China.
A, / B, an C, a D, the
4. I can see a little white sheep in the field. ____ sheep is Nancy’s.
A, A B, The C, An D, /
5. ____ old lady in brown is ____ university professor.
A, An, a B, An, / C, The, an D, The, a
6. Did you enter for ____ high jump or ____ 400-meter race.
A, a, a B, a, the C, the, a D, the, the
7. More college graduates would like to work in ____ west part of our country ____ next year.
A, the, the B, /, / C, /, the D, the, /
8. The scientists from ____ United States live in ____ ninth Street.
A, the, the B, /, the C, /, / D, the, /
9.Can you see ____ one-eyed cow in ____ field?
A, an, the B, a, the C, /, the D, a, a
10.There will be ____ interview between the manager and his assistants this afternoon.
A, an B, a C, the D, /
11.A：Which girls is your daughter, Mr. White? B：Oh, look, that little one in ____red.
A, a B, an C, / D, the
12.English is ____ useful language. It is spoken by many people in China.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
13.Alice is ____ honest. She never tells lies.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
14.Little Tony is ____ honest boy. He never tells lies.
A, a B, an C, / D, the
15.Tina has ____ one-month-old baby. She loves it so much.
A, / B, a C, an D, the
16.They are twin brothers with different hobbies. Tim likes playing ____ football but Tom enjoys playing ____ piano.
A, /, / B, /, the C, the, / D, the, the
17.Mr.Black wants his students to be ____ honest.
A, the B, a C, an D, /
18.____ old lady in brown is ____ university professor.
A, An, a B, An, / C, The, an D, The, a
19.Please stay for dinner. It will be ready in half ____ hour.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
20.Janet, ____ eighteen-year-old girl, got ____ first of the English reading contest.
A, an, a B, a, the C, an, the D, the, the
C选择填空：
1.John, you forgot to add ____ “s” to the word “book” here. Be careful next time, please!
A, the B, a C, an D, /
2.She got ____ “A” in geography test.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
3.My grandpa used to have ____ walk in the garden after ____ supper.
A, a, / B,/, / C, /, a D, a, a
4.It’s ____ pleasure for me to be invited to play ____ piano at the concert.
A, the, a B, a, the C, a, a D, a, /
5.What ____ beautiful music! I’ve been listening for ____ half hour.
A, a, an B, a, a C, /, an D, /, a
6.____ Beijing, an old modern city, is developing rapidly, We are going to visit it ____ third time.
A, The, the B, /, a C, /, the D, The, a
7.____ orange on the desk is for you, Mike.
A, A B, An C, / D, The
8.Ama was good at Chinese painting, but she is ____ European artist.
A, / B, a C, an D, the
9.My uncle was knocked by a motorcycle yesterday. Now he is in ____ hospital.
A, a B, an C, / D, the
10.I’ve never seen a UFO so far. Can you tell me what ____ UFO looks like?
A, a B, an C, the D, /
11.Many people go to ____ church on Sunday, but others don’t.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
12.The lecture came from ____ university of ____ European country.
A, a, a B, an, an C, a, an D, the, /
13. ____ postman ____ newspapers and letters from door to door every day.
A, The, deliver B, A, delivers C, /, give D, /, gives
14.A: What’s behind ____ iron door? I can't open it.
B: Let me see. There's a chair.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
15.How do you pronounce ____ “u” in the word ”business”?
A, / B, a C, an D, the
16.That was ____ unusual day for Peter. He got ____ “A” in the physics test.
A, a, the B, an, an C, a, an D, an, a
17.Our English teacher asked us to write ____ 80-word short passage yesterday.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
18.____ man near ____ door is ____ Tom's father.
A, The, /, / B, A, the, / C, The, a, / D, The, the, /
19.What ____ useful language it is!
A, a B, an C, / D, the
20.As a boy, John can play ____ football very well, but he can't play ____ piano.
A, the, / B, /, the C, /, / D, the, the
D选择填空：
1. I read ______story. It is ______interesting story.
A. a, an B. a, a C. the, the D. /, an
2. Britain is __ European country and China is ___ Asian country.
A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a
3. ______China is _____ old country with _____ long history.
A. The, an, a B. The, a, a C. /, an, the D. /, an, a
4. _____elephant is bigger than ______ horse.
A. /, / B. an, a C. An, a D. /, the
5. We always have ______rice for ______lunch.
A. /, / B. the, / C. /, a D. the, the
6. It took me ______ hour and _____ half to finish ______ work.
A. a, a, a B. an, a, a C. an, a, the D. an, a, /
7. __ doctor told me to take __ medicine three times__day, stay in __bed, then I would be better soon.
A. /, a, a, the B. A, the, the, / C. The, the, a, / D. A, /, a, /
8. There is ____ picture on ____ wall. I like ____ picture very much.
A. a, the, the B. a, the, a C. the, a, a D. a, an, the
9. January is ______first month of the year.
A. a B. / C. an D. the
10. Shut _____door, please.
A. a B. an C. the D./
11. Einstein won _____ Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
12. What ____ fine day it is today! Let's go to the Summer Palace.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
13. I like music, but I don't like ____ music of that TV play.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
14. ____ girl over there is ____ English teacher.
A. The, an B. A, / C. The, / D. A, a
15. It's ____ exciting way to shop on the Net.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
16. She was ___ founder of ___ order of nuns called the Missionaries of Charity.
A. a, an B. a, / C. the, / D. the, an
17. Xi'an is ___ old city with ___ long history, isn't it?
A. a, an B. an, a C. the, the D. the, a
18. Nancy's sister is ____ English teacher, isn't she?
A. a B. an C. the D. /
19. Chaffs is______ boy, but he can play the guitar very well.
A. an eight-years old B. a eight-year-old C. a eight-years-old D. an eight-year-old
20. We often have sports after class, and I like to play _____ basketball.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
21.More college graduates would like to work in _____ west part of our country ______ next year.
A. the, the B. /, / C. /, the D. the, /
22.We work five days ______ week.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
23.-In which class is ______ boy in white? -He's in class 4.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
24.-Where do you usually have ______ lunch?-At home.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
25.He hit his sister in ______ face.
A. the B. her C. × D. his
26.-Have you seen ______ book? I left it here this morning.-Is it ______ Chinese book? I saw it.
A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a
27.There's ______“u” and ______“s” in ______word “use”.
A. an, a, the B. a, an, × C. a, a, a D. a, an, the
28.-Did you see my grandmother?
-Oh, I saw ______old woman sitting on a chair by the lake. Maybe she is.
A. a B. an C. the D. ×
29.-Do you see ______man with dog?-Oh, Yes, dog is yellow.
A. the, a, The B. a, a, the C. a, a, A D. a, the, A
30.Who is ______better, Li Ping or Wang Dong?
A. the B. a C. an D. ×
第三讲课后练习
( )1.—Who is 　　　 boy playing soccer over there?? —He is my classmate,Li Ping.
A.a B.不填 C.the D.an
( )2. There is　　　 old piano in 　　　 corner of the living room.?
A.an;the B.an;不填 C.a;the D.a;a
( )3.I believe that 　　　 apple a day keeps the doctor away.?
A.a B.an C.the D./
( )4.Every morning he spends 　　　hour doing exercise,then he goes to 　　　 work.
A.an;/ B.a;a C.a;/ D.the;/
( )5.—What 　　　 useful book it is!?—Yeah, it tells you how to play the guitar.
A.an B.a C.the D./
( )6.May is 　　　 fifth month of the year.It’s 　　　 very pleasant month.
A.the;the B.the;a C.a;a D.the;/
( )7.—Will you go to school-leavers' party tomorrow??—Certainly.I'm going with my parents.
A.a B.an C.the D./
( )8.I enjoy having 　　　 breakfast with my family at home.It makes me feel relaxed.
A.a B.an C.the D./
( )9.—How long does it take us to go to your hometown from here?
—It takes us 　　　 hour to go to my home town by 　　　 train.?
A.an;a B.an;/ C.an;the C.a;the
( )10.Don't tell a lie.You are 　　　 honest boy.
A.a B.an C.the D./
( )11.—How often do you play tennis?
—Twice 　　　 week.And I often play it in 　　　 sports center in our school.?
A.the;/ B.a;an C.an;the D.a;the
( )12.—Jane, I found umbrella.Is it yours??—No, it's Mike's.Mine is third one on the shelf.?
A.a;an B.an;the C.the;a D.a;the
( ) 13.Mr.Fat has eaten five eggs.He wants 　　　 sixth one.
A.a B.an C.the D./
( )14.Those girls practiced playing 　　　 football every day and they won the match at last.?
A.a B./ C.the D.an
( )15.On 　　　 Children's Day,Jack received a prize for being 　　　 honest boy.?
A.the;an B./;an C./;a D.the;an
( )16.—Kate is 　　　 American girl,right??—Yes.She is from 　　　 United States.?
A.a;the B.an;a C.a;a D.an;the
( )17.Miss Lee taught me to be 　 honest person.I will never forget 　 words that she said.?
A.a;the B.a;/ C.an;the D.an;/
( )18.Christine is selling her house,but on 　　　 other hand she doesn't want to move.?
A.a B.an C.the D./
( )19.—Don't give up!Perhaps 　　　 hard task needs more of your effort.?
—I won't.I'll have 　　　 second try anyway.?
a;a B.the;a C.a;the D.the;the
第三讲：冠词
课堂练习
A 1-10 CCDDB CACDC 11-18 CBABB BCD
B 1-10 ABDBD DDDBA 11-20 CADBB BDDBC
C 1-10 CBABD BDBCA 11-20 DABCD BBDAB
1-5 ACDCA 5-10 CCADC 10-15 CACAB 16-20 DBBDD
21- 25 DAADA 26-30 DDBBD
课后练习
( C )1.( A )2.( B )3.( A )4.( B )5.( B )6.( C )7.( D )8.( B )9.( B )10.
( D )11.( B )12.( A ) 13.( B )14.( B )15.( D )16.( C )17.( C )18.( B )19.( B )