2021年中考英语专题复习讲义---第四讲 代词 （基础版）（含答案）

第四讲：代词
专题概述：
代词是中考考查热点，代词的语境及所含的逻辑关系是备考的重点。英语中代词的考查主要集中在完形填空、短文填空以及短文改错题。
语法考点：
1. 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法
2. 不定代词的用法；否定意义的不定代词和肯定意义的不定代词的区别
3. all , both及every构成的不定代词与not搭配表“部分否定”的用法
4. one，ones，that，those作为替代词的灵活用法
5. it作形式主语和形式宾语的用法以及在固定结构中的用法
代词（Pronoun）
是代替名词或一句话的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词、不定代词和替代词十种。
人称代词和物主代词
人称代词的主格作主语或表语;宾格可作宾语也可作表语或同位语。
形容词性物主代词相当于形容词。置于名词之前，作定语
名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，在句中作主语、表语、宾语。
61595312420表示“我/我们自己”“你自己”等的代词称为反身代词。
作宾语 动宾:Tom taught himself Chinese.
反身代词 介宾:You can't leave the baby by himself.
作表语:She is not quite herself today.
作同位语:I myself can repair the bike.
表示“我/我们自己”“你自己”等的代词称为反身代词。
作宾语 动宾:Tom taught himself Chinese.
反身代词 介宾:You can't leave the baby by himself.
作表语:She is not quite herself today.
作同位语:I myself can repair the bike.
反身代词
1605280197485
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人 称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
句子成分
人称代词
单数
复数
单数
复数
单 数
复数
主格
I
we
you
you
he
she
it
they
主语
宾格
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
宾语
中文
我
我们
你/您
你/您们
他
她
它
他/她/它/们
形容词性物主代词
my
our
your
your
his
her
its
their
定语（名词前作定语）
名词性物主代词
mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
主语/宾语
中文
我的
我们的
你、您的
你/您们的
他的
她的
它的
他她它们的
反身代词
myself
ourselves
yourself
yourselves
himself
herself
itself
themselves
表语/宾语/同位语
指示代词
指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词，表示“这个，这些”“那个，那些”。常用的指示代词有this，that，these, those。 this, that用来指代或标记单数名词:these, those用来指代或标记复数名词。另外，such, so也归到这一类。
指示代词的句法功能
Charlie, this is my friend, Amy.(作主语)查理，这是我的朋友艾米。
This house is for rent.(作定语)此房出租。
What I want to stress is this.(作表语)我想强调的是这一点。
What do you think of this?(作宾语)你觉得这个怎么样？
易错警示：
用英语打电话时，this指自已，that指别人。
在问句中用this(that)时，答语中通常用it，在问句中用these(those)时，答语中通常用they。
不定代词
表示一定数量概念但不表示具体数目，用来代替或修饰名词的代词称为不定代词。按构词分类:
单个词的不定代词:all, any, some, each, every, many, much, few, little, both，either，neither, other，another，one, it, that, ones, none, several, such, no。
复合不定代词:anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody，something, nobody, nothing。
不定代词组:a few, a little, the other, the others, no one, a lot, lots of。
知识归纳1
由于不定代词表示一定的数量概念，所以对其数的理解是正确运用不定代词的关键。“ both, neither, either”限于两者之间;而“all, none, any”表示的数则是三者或三者以上。both用作复数;either, neither和any(任何一个)用作单数。
知识归纳2
the other后只能加可数名词(单数或复数)，不能加不可数名词;短语the rest of(剩余的)后既可以加可数名词(单数或复数)，也可以加不可数名词;else只能放在不定代词或特殊疑问词后。
“another+数词+可数名词的复数形式”是固定搭配，意为“再多几个”。
如:another five books= five more books再多5本书。
each other, one another意为“互相”。 each other主要用于两者之间，one another用于三者或三者以上。
不定代词涉及的全部否定、部分否定及it的特殊用法
1.全部否定和部分否定
all，both，everyone，everybody, everything以及“every+名词”都表示全部肯定;
no one, none，nobody, nothing, not... any以及“no+名词”都表示全部否定;
当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中时，不管not在它们之前还是之后都表示部分否定。此外，not与总括性副词如everywhere , always，wholly，altogether等连用时也表示部分否定。
2. it的用法
指刚刚提到过的事物，也可指不表示性别的婴儿，或要说明某人的身份或情况时指人:
一Who's that? 一It's Miss Liu, our physics teacher.一那是谁?一是我们的物理老师刘老师。
表示时间、天气、距离、温度等:It's New Year's Day.今天是元旦。
It has been raining for three days.雨已下了三天了。
可作形式主语、形式宾语代替从句或不定式、动名词等:
He wanted to make it clear that he didn't want to waste any time on the topic with me.
他想向我表明他不想再在那个题目上浪费时间。
It is+ad j. + ( for/of sb ) to do sth:
It's easy for him to swim across the river.游过这条河对他来说轻而易举。
用于强调句:It is /was+被强调部分+that/who... :
It was three old men who saved the two boys.是三位老人救了那两个男孩。

使用复合不定代词应注意的几个问题:
一般情况下，由some构成的不定代词用在肯定句中，由any构成的不定代词用在一般疑问句和否定句中。但something也可用于表示请求、建议或征求意见的疑问句中，通常是期望得到肯定回答;anyone和anybody也可用于肯定句，表示“任何人”。
由no-构成的不定代词用在肯定句中表达否定意义。
复合不定代词作句子主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式。
第四讲课堂练习
人称代词,形容词性/名词性物主代词 专题训练
一．用所给词义的适当形式填空
1、 is a teacher. (她) 2、 is a good boy. (他)
3、 is in the classroom (它) 4、 are very smart today. (你)
5、 (你们) are students. 6、 can’t find my ruler (我). Where is (它)?
7、 am a student. (我) _______like English very much. (我们)
8、 is my brother. (他)9、I like her pencil case. is nice! (它)
10、________ are playing ping-pong in the park.（他们）
二．选择
（ ）1.I am son.
A. they B. their C. them
（ ）2. This is not _____ desk. ______ is over there.
A. I …Mine B. my…Mine C. mine…my
（ ）3.－What's _____ name? _____name is Lucy.
A. you…My B. your … My C. yours…My
（ ）4. Tom and Jack are brothers. This is _____ room.
A. they B. them C. their
（ ）5. We are in the same class. _____ classroom is very nice.
A. Our B. My C. Ours
（ ）6. Mrs Green is my teacher. Ih'm _____ student.
A. her B. his C. him
（ ）7. That's a cat. _____ name is Mimi.
A. It B. It's C. Its
（ ）8.This cup is _____. That is _____.
A.me…you B. my…your C.mine…yours
( ) 9.This is ____pen. _____is over there.
A.my…your B.me…you C.my…Yours
三．用所给词的适当形式填空
1. That is not____ kite. ( I ) That kite is very small, but ____is very big. ( I )
2. The dress is____. ( she ) Give it to_____. ( she )
3. Is this_____ watch? (you) No, it's not_____ . ( I )
4. ___is my brother. __name is Jack. Look! These maps are___. ( he )
5. _____dresses（裙子） are red. (we) What colour are_____? ( you )
6. Here are two pens, which one is ____? ( she )
7. I can find my toy, but where’s______ (you)? 8. Show ______your kite, OK? (they)
9. I have a cat. ______name is Mimi. These cakes are____. ( it )
10. Are these _____tickets? ( they ) No,_____are not theirs. _____ aren't here. (they )
四．选出括号中正确的词填空
1. This is______（my / I）mother.
2. Nice to meet ______（your / you）.
3. ________（He/ His）name is Mark.
4. What's______（she / her）name?
5. Excuse______（me / my / I）.
6. Are______（your / you）Miss Li?
7. ______（I / My）am Ben.
8. ______（She / Her）is my sister.
9. Fine , thank ______（your / you）.
10. How old is ______（he / his）？
不定代词
1. I have two skirts . One is red , is blue .
A. the other B. others C. other D. another
2. There wrong with my car .
A. are something B. are anything C. is anything D. is something
3. I'm free today . I haven't to do .
A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything
4. Her parents are doctors .
A. each B. all C. both D. no one
5. Of the three foreign friends , one is from London, two are from New York .
A. other B. the other C. others D. the others
6. I want to have a word with Tom . I have to tell him .
A. important something B. nothing important C. anything important D. something important
7. There wrong with the machine .
A. aren't something B. aren't anything C. isn't something D. isn't anything
8. My parents and I are interested in music .
A. both B. all C. neither D. no
9. Look at those students . Some are cleaning the window , are sweeping the floor .
A. the other B. other C. others D. the others
10. You may keep the book for two weeks , but you mustn’t lend it to .
A. other B. others C. the others D. the others
11. I study Chinese , English and some subjects .
A. other B. the other C. others D. the others
12. Do they often talk to each in English ?
A. others B. the other C. Other D. the others
13. Would you like milk ?
A. some B. any C. little D. a few
14. Mary sings better than of he girls in her classroom . She sings best .
A. some B. any C. most D. one
15. All the students had gone out . There was in the classroom .
A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody
16. Now , is here . Let's begin our meeting .
A. Anybody B. Everybody C. Nobody D. Anybody
17. has taken my pencil by mistake . I can't find it .
A. Somebody B. Everybody C. Nobody D. everybody
Did they find in the garden ? No , they found there .
A. anybody , nobody B. somebody , everybody
C. anybody ,somebody D. everybody , anybody
19. She made mistakes in her exercises .
A. any B. another C. no D. one
20. There are fifty pupils in their class . of them are League members .
A. Both B. Either C. All D. No one
第四讲课后练习
1. There is ______ with my computer. It doesn't work.
A. nothing wrong B. anything wrong C. wrong something D. something wrong
2. –Can I use your bike for a while? –Yes. You may use _____ bike. Tom’s bike is here and I can use ____.
A. my, mine B. mine, his C. my, his D. her, hers
3. –Which do you prefer, bananas or oranges? –_______. I enjoy eating apples.
A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. All
4. –Is that ______ dog? –No. _____ is white.
A. his, His B. her, Its C. he, His D. her, Her
5. –Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. –It doesn't matter. You can have _______.
A. we B. us C. our D. ours
6. –We have five kinds of schoolbags. Do you like this one? –No. Can you show me ______?
A. another B. each other C. the other D. others
7. My father is ill in bed. I have to look after ______ at home.
A. he B. his C. him D. himself
8. I saw ______ playing basketball on the playground at that time.
A. them B. they C. their D. theirs
9. You are a kind man. What about ________?
A. she B. he C. hers D. her
10. Mr. Wang is very friendly, and _______ like him very much.
A. we B. us C. our D. ours
11. _____ classroom is clean, but ______ is dirty.
A. We, he B. Ours, his C. Our, his D. We, him
12. –Are the keys over there ______? –No, they may belong to Mary.
A. your B. yours C. yourself D. you
13. –Whose watch is it? –It's ________. I saw her wearing it this morning.
A. his B. mine C. hers D. yours
14. –Look! What's _______ in the sky?
A. this B. that C. those D. these
15. TV sets made in Beijing are just as good as ______ made in Shanghai.
A. this B. that C. those D. these
16. –Who is _______ speaking? –_______ is John speaking.
A. you, I B. that, This C. that, That D. this, This
17. Is there ________ in today’s newspaper?
A. anything interesting B. interesting anything C. something interesting D. interesting something
18. Tom's father said _______ at the meeting. He just sat there silently.
A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing
19. The light is on. There must be _______ in the office.
A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody
20. He has two daughters. One is a doctor, _____ is a teacher.
A. the other B. others C. the others D. another
21. This shirt is too large. Can you show me ________ one?
A. other B. another C. others D. the others
22. There are only 12 students in the classroom. Where are ______?
A. the other B. others C. the others D. another
23. Do you often talk to ______ like this? I hope you can change.
A. other B. others C. the others D. another
24. The small girl teaches _______ English.
A. themselves B. herself C. himself D. myself
25. Enjoy ________, Tom and Lucy.
A. yourself B. himself C. themselves D. yourselves
填空题
Please look after __________(他) well, because __________ is new here. (他)
_________(它) is just a leaf. Why are you looking at _________(它) so carefully?
The two little girls are crying. They can't find _________ (她们的) mother.
This red blouse isn't Helen’s. _________ is blue.(她的)
“___________ ___________ ___________ some food, Mary.” (随便吃些...)
We ___________ ____________ at the party last Sunday. (玩得开心)
John ___________ ____________ in the sports meeting last week. (使自己受伤)
There's ____________ time left. Hurry up!
We still have ___________ meat at home, but we have ___________ bread, so we need to buy some.
both, either, neither, all, any, none
1. _________ of the twins are clever.
2. The flowers will be planted on _________ side of the road. But I don't know which side.
3. --Which one do you like best? --_________. I don’t like them.
4. _________ of my parents wants me to leave home. I want to stay with them, too.
other；the other；the others；others；another
5.Do you have any______________ ideas?
6.I have two brothers. One is a doctor, ______________ is a teacher.
7.He is always ready to help ______________.
8.Five of them are reading books. What about ______________?
9.Don't lose heart. Have______________ try.
10.Tom is taller than ____________ in his class.
第四讲：代词
课堂练习
一、1. she 2. he 3. she 4. it 5. we 6. they 7. it 8. she 9. it 10. he
11. they 12. it 13. she 14. they 15. they 16. it 17. they 18. we 19. he 20. she
二、1.She 2. He 3. It 4. You 5. You 6. I , it 7. I , We 8. He 9. It 10. They
三、1. us 2. We 3. her, you 4. you 5. I , them6. I , him 7. them 8. her 9. them 10. I , him
四、1. She, I 2. I, you 3. He, him, They 4. You, We 5. you , us 6.He
BBBCA BCCCB
二、1.my,mine 2.hers, her 3.your,mine 4.He, His, his 5.Our, yours
6.hers 7.yours 8. them 9. Its, its 10.their, they. Theirs
三、1.my 2.you 3.His 4.her 5.me 6.you 7.I 8.She 9.you 10.he
四、1.A My-I 2.C me 3.C her 4.A We 5.B their
6.A She 7.B He 8.A his 9.C mine 10.B her
11.C his 12.B your 13.A Her 14.A He/She 15.B Her
五、1.My, She 2.She, Her 3.He, his 4. You, your 5.his
6.I, my, it 7.I, I 8.He 9.your 10.her, It
11.She, Her 12.I, you 13.You,We 14.We,our 15.my,yours
16.theirs, Yours 17.their, theirs, ours 18.my,yours 19.ours
20.your, ours 21.mine 22.your,Mine 23.his, yours 24.their,ours
25.his 26.Mine
不定代词 1---5 ADDCB 6---10 DDBCB 11---15 ACABC 16---20 BAACC
课后练习
选择题DBCAD/ACADA/CBCBC/BADAA/BCBBD
填空题1.him,he,2.It,it,3.their,4.Hers,5.Help yourself to,
6.enjoyed ourselves 7.hurt himself 8 no 9 some no
1 Both 2 either 3 None 4 Neither 5 other 6 the other
7 others 8 the others 9 another 10 the others