第五讲 介词 2021年中考英语专题复习讲义（基础版）（含答案）

第五讲：介词
专题概述：
考试对介词的考点主要集中在介词的基本用法上，即与名词搭配组成介词短语和与动词措配组成动词短语的用法。介词虽然是一种虚词，自身不能单独充当句子成分，但它是英语中最活跃、最难掌握的词类之一。介词与名词、形容词、副词、动词都有特定的措配，那些固定短语必须熟记。
语法考点：
1. 介词的基本用法
2. 介词的固定搭配及介词短语
介词(preposition)
表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系，在句中不能单独作句子成分。一般用于名词或者代词前面，表示该词与句中其他成分的关系。介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语(如果是人称代词，则要用宾格)。介词和介词宾语合在一起构成介词短语。可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词、数量介词和其他介词。
22021802143760246634028378152466340250698024441152132330246634017691102730500476250方位介词
方位介词
245935517735552181860768350246824513633452468245978535246824562547524580852755902468245273050991870214503010045708261351005205826135806450144081527209752730500其他介词短语
其他介词短语
27343102346960动词（+名词/副词）+介词
动词（+名词/副词）+介词
27222451972310be + 形容词+介词
be + 形容词+介词
27235151575435介词+ 名词
介词+ 名词
27266901174750其他介词
其他介词
2728595824230方式介词
方式介词
2721610119380时间介词
时间介词
12674601981200介词短语
介词短语
1269365628015介词分类
介词分类
3054351305560介词
介词
考点1 时间介词
1. at, in 与on
介词
用法
示例
at
表示在具体的某一时刻
at 10:00 a.m. 在上午十点
表示在某个节日期间
at the Spring Festival 在春节
用于固定搭配
at noon / night 在中午/ 晚上
at the end of在…结尾
in
常与表示“一段时间”的时间名词搭配（如世纪，月份，季节，年份等）
in December 在十二月
in winter 在冬天
in 2018 在2018
表示泛指的上午下午，晚上，白天等
in the morning / afternoon / evening
daytime在早上/ 下午/ 晚上/ 白天
in + 一段时间 表示“在…多久之后”，常与一般将来时连用
My father will come back in a week.我爸
爸将于一周后回来。
用于固定搭配
in the future
在将来
表示在具体的某日（日期或星期几）
on October 7th 在十月七日
on Sunday 在星期天
表示在某个特定的早上，下午，晚上
on Monday morning
在星期一早上
表示在具体的节日当天
on National Day 在国庆节
2. from, since与for
介词
含义
用法
例句
from
从…起
常与to构成词组，
from…to “从…到…”
He goes to work from Monday
to Friday.他周一到周五去上班。
since
自从…以来
常与现完连用
+具体的过去时间点
I have lived here since 2010
自从2010年我就住在这儿了。
+时间段ago
I have lived here since three years
ago. 自从三年前我就住在这儿了。
for
历时…之久
常与现完连用
+时间段
She has taught English for five years.
她教英语已经有五年了
注意：for 也可以用在其他时态中，since，for，how long，延续性动词不能忘。
3. before 与after
介词
含义
用法
例句
before
在…之前
+ 时间点
I’ll arrive in Hangzhou before 11:00
我将在上午11点之前到达杭州。
after
在…之后
+ 时间点，常与一般
将来时连用
She’ll come back after 5:00 p.m.
她将在下午五点后回来。
+时间段，常与一般过
去时连用
He came back from London after
a week.一周后他从伦敦回来了。
4. until, during与by
介词
含义
用法
例句
until
直到…为止
用于肯定句（谓语
动词用延续性动词）
He waited until 9:00 p.m. last night.
昨晚他一直等到九点钟。
直到…才
用于否定句（谓语
动词为非延续性动词）
I didn’t wake up until 10:00 a.m.
我直到上午十点才醒来。
during
在…期间
+时间段，强调时间
的延续性
She lived with us during these days.
这些年来她和我们住在一起。
by
不迟于；
在…之前
+将来时间点，常与
一般将来时连用
It will be cool by tomorrow morning.
到明天早上，天气就会转凉了。
+ 过去时间点，常与
过去完成时连用
We had learned about 1,000 words
by the end of last term.到上学期末
我们已学了约1000个单词。
考点2 方位介词
-7620666752393315115570
1.on
介词on表示“在某物之上”的意思，它通常表示一个物体在另一个物体之表面上面。两者之间有接触。
例如：Your book is on the desk.你的书在课桌上面。
There is a ball on the floor.地板上有个球。
拓展：above和over的区别
on指的有接触面的上面，但是over和above都是没有接触面的上面。
over“在……正上方”，与under相对。
例如：There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。
The picture is hanging over the blackboard.那张图挂在黑板的正上方。
above只表示“在……上方或位置高出……”，不一定是正上方，与below相对。
例如：A plane flew above our heads.一架飞机从我们头上飞过。
The Turners live above us.特纳一家人住在我们的上面。
2.in
介词in表示“在某物的里面”，它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的内部、中间或者在某个范围之内。
例如：Your pen is in the pencil case.你的钢笔在铅笔盒里面。
She is the tallest in her class.她是她们班最高的。
3.under
介词under表示“在某物的下面”，它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的垂直正下面，两者之间没有接触。
例如：My bike is under the tree.我的自行车在树的下面。
The shoes are under the chair.鞋在椅子的下面。
拓展：under和below的区别
under表示“在……之下”，通常表示位置处于正下方，与介词over“在……上方”相对应。
例如：There is a book under the table.桌子下面有一本书。A?cat?is?sitting?under?the?table.一只猫在桌子下面。
below表示“在……之下”，“在……的下游”，与介词above相对应，常指在某物体之下，但不一定在该物的正下方。
例如：He?is?below?the?average?at?school.他的学习成绩在水准以下。He looked down at the hall below.他瞧了瞧下面的大厅。
4.behind
介词behind表示“在某物的后面”，它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的后面。
例如：Your brother is behind the tree.你的弟弟在树的后面。
She is standing behind her mother.她站在她妈妈的后面。
5.next to
next to是由形容词next和介词to构成的介词短语表示“紧挨着、在某物的旁边”的意思。
例如：The table is next to the wall.桌子紧挨着墙。
6.between
介词between表示某个物体、某人位于两者之间，通常表示一个人、物处于另外两个人、物之间。
例如：Your desk is between the door and the window.你的课桌位于门和窗户之间。
Lily sits between Mary and Ann.丽丽坐在玛丽和安中间。
拓展：between和among的区别
between指两者之间,among指三者或三者以上的人或物之间。
例如：The teacher is among the students.老师在学生们中间。
7.outside
outside指“在……外面”
例如：There are many people outside the room.房间外有很多人。
What did you see outside the hall?你在大厅外看见了什么？
8．near
near在……附近，与far相对
例如：A hospital was built near the railway station.在火车站附近建了一所医院。
My home is near the school.我的家离学校很近。
9．in front of,in the front of
in front of在……前面,in the front of表示“在……前部”，指里面。
例如：A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一条河。
There is a boy in the front of the car.车的前座坐着一个小男孩。
10.around
around在……周围，围绕
例如：There are many trees around the village.村子周围有很多树围绕。
There are flowers around the stage.舞台周围摆着鲜花。
11.at
“at”意为“在……”，可以用在地点前也可以用在时间前。
例如：Let's meet at the school gate.我们在学校门口见面吧。
I get up at seven o'clock.我七点起床。
考点 3 方式介词
介词
用法
例句
by
以…方式，方法或手段，+
交通工具名词
She usually goes to school by bike.
她通常骑自行车去上学。
with
用…工具，材料，身体的
某一部分或器官
People often eat with chopsticks in China.
在中国人们通常用筷子吃饭。
in
用…语言，语调，颜色等
What’s this in English? 这用英语怎么说？
on
用网络，电视，收音机
电话等
They talk on the phone every day.
他们每天在电视导航交流。
考点4 其他介词
介词
例句
about
Could you tell me about your life? 你能告诉我关于你的生活吗？
from
He comes from America. 他来自美国。
How far is your home from here? 你家离这儿有多远？
with
She often goes shopping with her mother. 她经常和妈妈一起购物。
I’d like a house with a garden. 我想要一个带花园的房子。
without
The teacher left without a word. 老师一句话没说就离开了。
of
Here is a photo of my family. 这是我的全家福。
for
What would you like for breakfast? 你早餐想吃什么？
Let me do it for you. 让我为你做这种事。
to
Do you know the way to the zoo? 你知道去动物园的路吗？
as
We have a job for you as a waiter.我们有服务员的工作提供给你。
again
对抗；反对；
靠着
Our class played against Class Three and we won. 我们班和三班比赛并且
赢了。
I am against her opinion. 我不同意她的观点。
考点5介词短语
介词作为虚词，不能单独使用，常与名词等构成介词短语或与动词等搭配使用。常见介词搭配类型如下：
1.介词+名词
at noon 在中午/晚上
at work 在工作
at the beginning of 在…开始
at the end of 在…结尾
at the same time 同时
at school 在学校
at the back of 在…后边
by the way 顺便提一下
for example 例如
in a hurry 匆忙；急忙
in all 总共；总计
in a low/loud voice 低/大声地
in a word 总而言之
in bed 卧床
in danger 处于危险之中
in the hospital 在医院
in time 准时
on sale 在出售
in the left/right 在左边/右边
in English 用英语
in hospital 生病住院
on time 准时，按时
on show 展览
on the phone/on TV 通过电视/电话
2.be+形容词+介词
be afraid of 害怕
be angry with 对（某人）生气
be busy with 忙于
be different from 与…不同
be excited about 对…感到兴奋
be famous for 因…而闻名
be fond of 喜欢
be full of/be filled with 充满…
be good at 擅长
be good/bad for 对…有好处/坏处
be good/nice/friendly/kind to sb. 对某人友好
be good with 和…相处得好
be interested in 对…感兴趣
be late for 迟到
be sorry for 为…感到抱歉
be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
be strict in sth. 在某方面要求严格
3.动词（+名词/副词）+介词
ask sb.for …向.某人要…
arrive at/in 到达
agree with sb. 同意某人的意见
argue with sb. 和某人争吵
care for 照顾，关心
deal with 处理，应付
catch up with 赶上
depend on 信赖，依靠
de well in 在…方面做得好
drop in/by 顺便拜访
fall in love with 爱上
help sb.with sth. 帮助某人（做）某事
hand in 上交
hear of/about 听说
hear from 收到某人的来信
keep away 远离
keep…from 阻止
keep up with 跟上
knock at 敲门
knock into 撞上
laugh at 嘲笑
learn from 向…学习
learn about 了解
pay for 付费，付出代价
pay attention to 注意，关注
point at/to 指向，朝向
talk about 谈论
talk to/with sb. 和某人交谈
wait for 等待
4.其他介词短语
according to 根据
ahead of 在…前面
at first 首先
at once 立刻
after all 毕竟，终究
along with 随着
at last 最后
as for 至于；关于
because of 因为
in order to 为了
instead of 代替，而不是
such as 例如
on one’s own 独自，独立
thanks to 幸亏，由于
together with 和…一起
up to 多达，直到
第五讲课堂练习
单项选则。
1.Your computer is______to the door.
A.behind B.on C.in D.next
2 The map is____the wall____our classroom.
A.on;on　 B.of;on　 C.on;at　 D.on;of
3 Look!The window is_____the wall and the picture is_____the wall.
A.on;on　 B.in;in　 C.in;on D.on;in
4－Where is my ball?I can't see it.Look!It's_____the door.
A.on　 B.in C.at　 D.behind
5.Sally is very happy.There is a big smile______her face.
A.on B.to C.in D.at
6.My father is ill(生病),He is______.
A.in bed B.in the bed C.on bed D.on the bed
7.There is a map of China______the wall in the classroom.
A.in B.on C.under D.at
8.There are three windows______the wall.
A．in B.on C.at D.to
9.There are many oranges______the tree.A bird______the tree is eating an orange.
A.in;on B.on;on C.in;in D.on;in
10.－What time do you usually go to bed?－I usually go to bed______11:00.
A.in B.on C.at D.for
11.We can see______old bike______the tree.
A.a;under B.the;at C.an;in D.an;under
12.My hats and coats are______.
A.on the bed B.under desk C.in room D.under the my bed
13.He put up a map______the back wall because there was a hole______it.
A.on;on B.at;in C.on;in D.on;at
14.Don't read____the sun.
A.at B.under C.with D.in
15.The boat is passing___the bridge.
A.through B.below C.under D.across
【拓展训练】单项选则。
1.—My green ring is in the room.What about yours? —_________.
A.It's red B.It's on the table C.It's Alice's
2.There are 30 classrooms____________our school.Mine is_____________the second floor.
A.on;in B.in;in C.in;on D.on;on
3.I have a friend and my friend is________China.
A.in B.at C.on D.under
【拓展训练】用适当的介词填空。
1.A boy is____the tree.
2.Can you pick(摘)the apples_____the tree?
3.There is a picture_____the wall.
4.There are two windows_____the wall.
5.I live_____Shanghai.
【拓展训练】阅读短文回答问题。
Tom's room
It’s small but nice.A computer and some CDs are on the desk.His backpack is on the wall.The ID card is on his bed.The shoes are under the bed.A baseball is on the floor.
Sally's room
It's very nice.The new pictures are on the wall.Her desk is near the window.Some flowers are on the desk.Where is her schoolbag?Oh,it’s on the chair.We can't see a hat on the bed,but we can see Mimi,her cat.
The twins' room
It's big and nice.Two pencil cases are on the desk.Many books are on the bookcase.It's a big bed near the bookcase.One backpack is on the floor,and the other is on the chair.The jackets are behind the door.A picture of their father and mother is on the wall.
Tom's ID card is_______his bed,and his shoes are_______the bed.
Sally's cat is________her bed.Her schoolbag is_______the chair.
The bookcase is________the twins' room.The big bed is_______the door.
Two pencil cases are________the chair in the twins' room.
A picture of the twins' parents is_______the wall.
【拓展训练】选择题。
Could you tell me something ______ UFOs? I am really interested in it.
A. of B. with C. about D. at
I hope you will be here at half _____ eight tomorrow morning.
A. in B. at C. to D. past
Fangfang's father is _______ forty years old.
A. about B. for C. to D. by
Don't worry _______ your maths. I will help you _____ it.
A. with...about B. about...on C. about...with D. on...about
They lived in a flat_____ the shop.
A. about B. on C. to D. above
How can you go ______ the street when the traffic is heavy?
A. across B. cross C. around D. past
How long would it take to swim _______ the river?
A. by B. across C. over D. through
The river goes ______ the city from west to east.
A. through B. over C. into D. throughout
Dongdong's father was so tired ______ a day's work that he went to bed early.
A. after B. before C. in D. out
What's time _______ your watch, please?
A. on B. in C. by D. with
He left Luxun Park and walked ______ Sichuan road.
A. along B. after C. for D. to
My brother is tall _______ I am short.
A. while B. when C. as D. for
Where is Tom? You can find him ______ the boys over there.
A. by B. between C. among D. into
The small town lies _____ the three mountains.
A. among B. inside C. into D. between
There is a small house______ the trees.
A. in B. through C. among D. around
The headmaster showed the foreign friends _____ the school.
A. along B. to C. around D. over
There are a lot of trees and flowers ______ our school building.
A. among B. above C. around D. with
As we all know, the earth moves ______ the sun.
A. around B. over C. into D. for
I will work _______ a doctor in two months.
A. as B. for C. at D. to
My birthday is coming. My uncle gave me a new watch _____ a present yesterday.
A. with B. like C. as D. for
第五节课后练习
We were very surprised ______ the news.
A. into B. for C. out of D. at
You have lost the key of Tony's bike, you’d better apologize _____ him.
A. for B. in C. to D. at
It's so cold outside. You'd better stay_______ home.
A. in B. on C. or D. at
Why are you _____ such a hurry? I must meet my aunt _____ the station.
A. at...at B. in...at C. with...at D. in...in
His room is _______ the twelfth floor. Let’s go up _____ lift.
A. on...in B. by...on C. on...by D. on...on
To my surprise I saw many people dancing _____ the tree.
A. in B. past C. over D. round
_____their stay in Beijing, they visited many beautiful places.
A. At B. During C. In D. For
The girl would like to have a talk ____ her mother about her future.
A. for B. with C. at D. in
We have not seen him _____ Sunday.
A. to B. since C. past D. until
Great changes have taken place in Shanghai ______ 1992.
A. since B. after C. during D. until
Our school is ______ this high rise. You can’t see it from here.
A. of B. with C. behind D. at
Come and sit______ me. The film will begin at once.
A. beside B. between C. on D. at
Don't talk ____ your father. He is doing some important work.
A. about B. for C. from D. to
According ______ the doctor, sugar is bad for me.
A. on B. at C. to D. of
What do you think of the group singing _____ Class three?
A. in B. by C. at D. on
The bank opens every day _____ Sunday.
A. during B. on C. except D. from
It's good for us to go out _____ a walk after supper.
A. for B. of C. with D. to
I was sick, so I have to ask _____ leave.
A. of B. in C. for D. to
Have you got any tickets _______ next Sunday’s show?
A. for B. on C. in D. of
Yesterday we kept working _______ the night, so we are very tired now.
A. during B. for C. over D. throughout
My mother is not at home. She will be back _____ 2 hours.
A. before B. for C. in D. after
Maths is very important _____ many ways.
A. at B. in C. for D. on
Xiaoming won the first prize in a maths contest, soon the news was known _____ the school.
A. in B. past C. over D. throughout
She looks like Chinese, but ____ fact she is Japanese.
A. in B. at C. on D. for
Water can turn _____ ice when the temperature is below zero.
A. in B. into C. by D. until
He climbed the tree _____ a cat.
A. after B. as C. over D. like
_______ all the sports, I like swimming best.
A. At B. In C. Of D. For
We are very proud _____ our new progress.
A. with B. from C. of D. at
Did you see Mary? I saw her walk ______the library just now.
A. in B. into C. by D. until
The glass fell _____ the table and broke.
A. of B. off C. under D. beside
We will have a check-up _____ our eyesight next Monday.
A. on B. in C. for D. at
When the little boy saw a ball, he was so happy that he ran ______ it.
A. up B. at C. towards D. into
Tom came into the meeting room and sat down _____ my right.
A. to B. on C. in D. at
She often learns English _____ the TV.
A. on B. in C. at D. from
I like my tea _____ milk and sugar in it.
A. with B. in C. inside D. of
Chinese is spoken by many people ____ China.
A. out B. off C. outside D. into
We all want to see Yangpu Bridge _______ our own eyes.
A. on B. in C. for D. with
The man was holding an umbrella _____ his head.
A. over B. above C. at D. on
It's very hot. The temperature is _______ 35 ℃ already.
A. over B. on C. past D. after
I know nothing about it ______ Jane told me.
A. since B. with C. at D. until
第五讲：介词
课堂练习
单项选择。
1.D。2.D。3.C。4.D。5.A。6.A。7.B。8.A。9.D。10.C。11.D。12.A。13.C。14.D。15.C。
【拓展训练】
1.B。2.C。3.A。
用适当的介词填空。
1.不是树上结的果实，表示某物在树上是要用in。
2.树上结的果实“在树上”要用on。
3.墙表面的上面，用介词on。
4.窗户是镶嵌在墙里的，故用介词in。
5.住在哪里，用介词in。
阅读短文回答问题。
1.on;under 2.on;on 3.in;behind 4.on 5.on
选择题CDACD/ABAAC/AACAC/CCAAC
课后练习
DCDBA/DBBBA/CADCB/CACAD
CBDAB/DCCBB/ACBAA/CDAAD