中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit
2
I'll
help
clean
up
the
city
parks.
SectionA
Grammar
focus-4c导学案
【学习目标】
1
进一步复习巩固学习Section
A
部分所学的生词和词组,巩固动词短语。
2
对动词不定式的用法进行归纳总结,掌握其规则。
【教学重难点】
1.动副短语的用法
2.非谓语动词
（动词不定式）的用法。
【自主预习】
Ⅰ.翻译下列词组：
_______________
张贴
2.
________________
担心
3.________________
分发
4.
__________________打电话
5.________________
想出
6.
___________推迟
7._______________
赚钱
8._________________
作为娱乐
Ⅱ.
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.
My
brother
wants
___________
(be)
a
pilot.?
2.
He
volunteers
___________
(work)
in
the
school.?
3.
Mike
taught
his
grandpa
how
___________
(use)
the
computer.?
4.
Mr.
Smith
helped
the
young
man
___________
(find)
a
job.?
5.
The
students
decided
___________
(work)
out
the
problem
by
themselves.?
III根据汉语意思完成句子
我想去帮助无家可归的人。
I’d
like
______________
people.?
我们决定去上海度假。
We
______________
to
Shanghai
on
vacation.?
3.
我希望他当科学家的梦想将会实现。
I
hope
his
dream
of
becoming
a
scientist
______________.?
4.
他看上去很伤心。我们去帮他振作起来吧。
He
looks
sad.
Let’s
______________.?
5.
暑假要来了,我将能够去游泳了。
Summer
vacation
______________
and
I
will
be
able
to
swim.?
【合作探究】
探究一：动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式是“________”，（有时可以不带to）动词不定式没有________的变化，其否定形式是“_____________”(not不与助动词连用)在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
【注意】初中要求掌握的动词不定式的句法作用有：
作宾语She
likes
to
read
stories.
作状语I
get
here
to
get
my
papers.
作宾语补足语She
asked
me
to
clean
the
desk.
二、情态动词could用于提建议，语气比can委婉。
You
could
help
to
clean
up
the
school
yard.
【跟踪训练】单项选择
（
）1.The
teacher
told
them
_____make
so
much
noise.
A
don’t
B
not
C
will
not
D
not
to
(
)2.
--Did
you
decide
when
___________
?
--Yes,
tomorrow
morning.
A
to
leave
B
to
b
leave
C
will
you
leave
Dare
you
leaving
探究二：本单元动词短语很多，在学习的过程中最好分类归纳，这样方便记忆。
1.由同一动词构成的短语
（1）Give构成的短语
give
out
分发
give
away赠送
give
up
放弃
give
back
归还
(2)
put
构成的短语
Put
off推迟
put
up张贴
put
away放好
put
out
扑灭
2介词或者副词相同的短语
（1）含有up的短语
cheer
up
使振作；put
up张贴；
clean
up
清扫；give
up放弃；
call
up打电话；grow
up长大
come
up
with
相出；
fix
up
修理；
cut
up
切碎；
use
up
用尽；
look
up
查找；查阅
；
（2）含有out的短语
hand
out=
give
out
分发；put
out扑灭；
help
out帮助摆脱困境；
run
out
of
哟用完；
look
out
当心
find
out
找出
（3）含有off的短语
Put
off
延期；
take
off
脱下；起飞；get
off
下车
turn
off
关掉
【跟踪训练】单项选择
（
）Last
year
was
a
hard
time
time
to
my
friend
Jim,
but
he
didn’t
________hope.
pick
up
B.use
up
C.
put
up
D
give
up
课本任务
1.朗读并翻译Grammar
Focus
里的句子，注意其中几个短语动词的用法。
2.用表格中的短语动词填空，完场4a。
3.用方框中所给单词的正确形式填空，完成4b,朗读短文，勾画出其中的重点短语。
4.用不定式根据自己的实际情况完成4c。
【课时小结】
本课时重点词汇：__________________________________________________________________
重点句型：
__________________________________________________________________
不足：
__________________________________________________________________
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人教新目标版
八年级下
Section
A
Grammar
Focus-4c公开课
Unit
2
I'll
help
clean
up
the
city
parks.
Warming-up
words
and
phrase
清洁日
食品救助站
张贴
志愿做某事
张贴标语
set
up
cheer
up
推迟做某事
give
out
分发通知
打电话给....；号召
hand
out
clean
up
come
up
with
care
for
Revision
Groupwork
Name
What
to
do
?Sherry
?
visit
an
old
people's
home
?
?
?
?
?
?
Talk
like
this:
A：
I
could….
B:
I
hope
to….
C:
I’d
like
to
….
D:
I
want
to
….
E：I
volunteer
to.
.
.
Report
like
this:
In
my
group,
Sherry
hopes
to
visit
an
old
people's
home.
…
to
be
a
volunteer
Fill
in
the
blanks
according
to
the
text.
Grammar
Focus
1.
我想去帮助无家可归的人。
I'd
like
________
homeless
people.
2.
她决定参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者选拔。
She
decided
____________
a
volunteer
after-school
reading
program.
to
help
to
try
out
for
'd
like
decide
would
like
to
do
sth.
“想要干某事”，动词不定式作宾语。
decide
to
do
sth.
“决定干某事”，动词不定式作宾语。
Practice
visit
Grammar
Focus
3.
你可以请求医院允许你探访儿童,
逗他们开心。
You
could
___
hospitals
_____
you
_____
the
kids
and
cheer
them
up.
4.
马里奥相信这会帮助他获得他的梦想工作。
Mario
believes
it
can
_____
him
__
___
his
future
dream
job.
to
get
ask
to
let
help
ask
to
let
help
ask
sb.
to
do
sth.
“请求某人干某事”，动词不定式作宾补。
let
sb.
do
sth.
“让某人干某事”，动词不定式作宾补，省to。
help
sb.
(to)
do
sth.
“帮助某人干某事”，动词不定式作宾补，to可省可不省，在此没省to。
Practice
Grammar
Focus
5.
她自愿一周去一次那里帮助孩子们学习读书。
She
_________
there
once
a
week
_______
kids
learn
to
read.
6.
我正在制作一些告示，并将它们张贴于学校里。
I'm
making
some
signs
__________
around
the
school.
volunteers
to
help
to
put
up
To
put
用来修饰动词make,表目的，所以作目的状语。
to
help
Help
sb.
(to)
do
sth.
“帮助某人干某事”，动词不定式作宾补，to可省可不省，在此省to。
To
help
用来修饰动词volunteer,表目的，所以作目的状语。
Practice
I’d
like
to
help
homeless
people.
She
decided
to
try
out
for
a
volunteer
after-school
reading
program.
You
could
ask
hospitals
to
let
you
visit
the
kids
and
cheer
them
up.
Mario
believes
it
can
help
him
to
get
his
future
dream
job.
She
volunteers
there
once
a
week
to
help
kids
lean
to
read.
I’m
making
some
signs
to
put
up
around
the
school.
朗读句子
不定式
情态动词could表示建议的功能
学习动词短语
作宾语
作宾语补足语
作状语
动词+介词
动词+副词
动词+副词+介词
Summary
2
谓语
“做….”
或“怎么样”
3
宾语
动作行为”做”的对象
主语
“什么人”或“什么事”
1
5
定语用来修饰名词或代词
6
状语修饰动词，形容词或副词
7
宾补用来补充说明宾语的情况
表语“是什么”,”怎么样”
4
短语动词是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的固定词组或习语（idioms），其作用和动词差不多。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。
语法概述
一、短语动词
常见短语动词的类型和用法
相当于及物动词，后面必须有宾语，且宾语只能位于介词之后。
look
after
照顾
look
at看
care
for
非常喜欢；照顾
think
about
考虑
agree
with
同意
wait
for
等待
I
agree
with
what
you
said.
He
cared
for
her
more
than
she
realized.
动词+介词
动词+副词
①可看作及物动词，名词作宾语时，可位于动词与副词之间或副词之后；代词作宾语时；只能位于动词与副词之间。
②有的也可看作不及物动词。
cheer
up
振奋起来
clean
up
打扫干净
give
up
放弃
put
off
推迟
take
away
拿走
fix
up
修理
turn
down
调低；拒绝
This
is
a
new
word.
You’d
better
look
it
up
in
the
dictionary.
It’s
too
noisy.
Please
turn
down
the
TV.
=It’s
too
noisy.
Please
turn
the
TV
down.
相当于及物动词，
宾语位于介词之后。
catch
up
with
赶上
come
up
with
想出
look
forward
to
期望
run
out
of
用完，耗尽
He
worked
hard
to
catch
up
with
his
classmates.
I’m
looking
forward
to
the
weekend.
动词+副词+介词
相当于及物动词，名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语位于介词之后。
make
fun
of
取笑
make
use
of
利用
pay
attention
to
注意
take
care
of
照顾
make
friends
with
与……交往
It’s
impolite
to
make
fun
of
your
classmate.
We
could
make
better
use
of
our
resources.
动词+名词+介词
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时to可省略。它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。其否定形式为“not
to+动词原形”。
例：He
wants
to
see
a
movie
tonight.
他今晚想看电影。
My
teacher
advised
me
not
to
stay
up
late.我的老师建议我不要熬夜。
语法概述
二、动词不定式
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词。
非谓语动词：在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词(它不受人称和数的限制),包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）
动词不定式的用法
常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
想要
拒绝
忘记
(want,
refuse,
forget)
需要
努力
学习
(need,
try,
learn）
选择
同意
帮助
(choose,
agree,
help）
希望
决定
开始
(hope/wish/expect,
decide,
begin/start）
Lily
wants
to
find
a
job
as
an
English
teacher
in
Beijing.
He
decided
to
help
the
homeless.
动词不定式作宾语
常接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：
ask,
tell,
want,
teach,
wish,
help,
warn,
invite,
encourage
等。
Sam
asked
me
to
help
him.
The
teacher
always
tells
us
not
to
swim
in
the
river.
动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词不定式作目的状语，可以放在句首，一般用逗号与后面的内容隔开，也可以放在句尾。
To
get
there
on
time,
they
started
early.
动词不定式作目的状语
动词不定式作主语时，通常表示一个具体的、特定的行为，其谓语动词用单数形式。
To
know
oneself
is
difficult.
人能自知，实属不易。
动词不定式作主语
动词不定式作定语时通常要放在所修饰词之后。
My
duty
is
to
look
after
the
animals.
Who
was
the
first
one
to
arrive?
动词不定式作表语
动词不定式作定语
使用动词不定式需要注意的几个问题
不定式（短语）作主语时，常由it代替它作形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。主要有三种情况。
（1）It
is
+名词
+
to
do
sth.
It’s
our
duty
to
take
good
care
of
the
old.
（2）It
takes
sb.
+some
time
+
to
do
sth.
It
takes
us
two
hours
to
finish
the
work.
1
（3）It
is+形容词(easy,
important,
difficult,
foolish,
right,
wrong...)
(+for/of
sb.)+to
do
sth.
It
is
not
easy
to
catch
fish
with
your
hands
only.
It
is
very
important
for
young
people
to
master
two
foreign
languages.
It
is
clever
of
you
to
do
that.
使用动词不定式需要注意的几个问题
feel,
find,
make,
think等动词后如果是不定式作宾语，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，常用it作形式宾语，把不定式放到宾语补足语之后。
2
如：①我发现记住所有的很难。
I
find
___________________________everything.
②我觉得冬天堆雪人是很有趣的。
I
think___________________________in
winter.
it
difficult
to
remember
it
interesting
to
make
snowmen
使用动词不定式需要注意的几个问题
有一些动词后用作宾语补足语不定式通常不带to，这样的动词主要有三看
(
see,
watch,
notice
)、三让(
let,
make,
have
)、二听(
hear,
listen
to
)、一感觉(
feel
)。
Did
you
notice
her
leave
the
house?
I
saw
her
get
into
the
car.
His
parents
make
him
sweep
the
floor.
The
teachers
often
help
us
(to)
solve
problems.
【特别提醒】：动词不定式在help后作宾补时，可带to也可不带to。
3
1.
I
want
to
______
my
plan
to
work
in
an
animal
hospital
until
next
summer.
I’m
too
busy
with
my
studies
this
year.
2.
She
hopes
to
_______
at
least
five
primary
schools
to
ask
if
they
need
volunteers
for
their
after-school
programs.
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
the
phrasal
verbs
in
the
box.
4a
be
busy
with...
忙于，后接名词或代词
put
off
call
up
put
up
hand
out
call
up
cheer
up
come
up
with
give
out
put
off
3.
Our
class
is
trying
to
____________
some
ideas
to
________
sick
children
because
they
are
often
sad.
4.
We
decided
to
______
signs
around
the
school
and
________
notices
to
tell
students
about
the
book
sale.
We
will
_______
the
money
from
the
sale
to
homeless
e
up
with
cheer
up
put
up
hand
out
give
out
put
up
hand
out
call
up
cheer
up
come
up
with
give
out
put
off
Most
people
today
are
only
worried
about
getting
good
jobs
_______
lots
of
money.
In
their
free
time,
they
think
about
what
_____
for
fun.
However,
few
people
think
about
what
they
can
do
______
others.
There
are
many
people
who
are
less
lucky
than
us.
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
the
correct
forms
of
the
verbs
in
the
box.
4b
help
move
do
make
visit
spend
to
make
to
do
to
help
be
worried
about
担心……
Volunteering
our
time
to
help
these
people
is
a
good
way
_______
our
free
time.
For
example,
we
can
make
plans
_______
sick
children
in
the
hospital
or
raise
money
for
homeless
people.
Some
people
even
stop
doing
their
jobs
for
a
few
months
to
a
year
_______
to
another
place,
like
one
of
the
countries
in
Africa,
and
help
people
there.
help
move
do
make
visit
spend
to
spend
to
visit
to
move
为……筹款
4c
Complete
the
sentences
with
your
own
ideas.
Use
infinitives.
I’d
like
to
volunteer
_______________
At
12:00
a.m.,
I
called
my
friend
__________________________________
3.
I’m
very
busy
but
I
could
help
_________________________________
4.
Summer
vacation
is
coming,
and
I
want
____________________________
5.
I
want
to
travel
alone.
My
parents
told
me
________________________
to
help
poor
people.
to
have
lunch
together
to
do
the
housework
for
my
parents.
to
have
a
long
journey
abroad.
not
to
eat
unhealthy
food.
(齐齐哈尔中考)
Our
school
has
_____
a
sign
at
the
gate,
saying
“Greet
your
child
with
a
smile,
not
a
mobile.”
A.
put
up
B.
put
off
C.
put
on
(铁岭中考)
My
cousin
volunteers
in
the
Children’s
Home.
His
job
is
to____
food
and
clothes.
A.
sell
out
B.
work
out
C.
hand
out
D.
find
out
C
A
1
2
【中考链接】
(抚顺中考)
—Will
Bob
help
me
look
after
my
pet
dog
when
I’m
away?
—Of
course.
He
won’t
_____
your
request.
He
loves
animals
a
lot.
A.
put
down
B.
write
down
C.
turn
down
D.
take
down
(辽阳中考)
John
didn’t
get
the
job
he
wanted.
Let’s
go
and
_____.
A.
turn
him
down
B.
call
him
back
C.
cheer
him
up
D.
let
him
down
(德阳中考)
Mother
asks
me
_____
Enlgish
every
morning.
A.
read
B.
to
read
C.
reading
D.
no
read
C
C
B
3
4
5
(吉林中考)
Michael
visits
many
websites
_____
about
Chinese
culture.
A.
learn
B.
learned
C.
to
learn
(苏州中考)
—Please
stay
with
me
this
weekend.
—I’m
sorry,
but
my
father
and
I
planned
_____
Beijing
a
long
time
ago.
A.
visit
B.
visiting
C.
to
visit
D.
visited
(乐山中考)
—Julia,
your
mobile
phone
is
ringing.
—Wait
a
minute.
It’s
dangerous
_____
it
while
crossing
the
street.
A.
answering
B.
answer
C.
to
answer
C
C
C
6
7
8
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