初中英语语法讲解之宾语从句课件（38张PPT）

宾语从句
初中英语语法讲解
宾语
是什么
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宾语表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的对象,常由名词或相当于名词的词担任
置于及物动词或介词(动词词组)后。
I know him.
动名词作宾语
代词作宾语
不定式作宾语
I enjoy playing basketball.
How is he getting along with his English?
I am interested in playing piano.
I decide to study hard.
I like my teacher.
名词作宾语
宾语从句
又是什么
We know Spiderman.
是由一个句子来构
成主句的宾语,
并有一个
连接词
做
引导
主
We know that Spiderman is a super hero.
谓
宾
主
谓
宾
主
系
表
连接词
宾语从句
简单句
到你了
We Know Sean Xiao.
We Know that Sean Xiao is a popular idol.
我们知道肖战是一个受欢迎的偶像。
练一练：找出宾语从句和它的引导词
Do you know who is the first Chinese astronaut(宇航员)?
Our teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
Please tell me where she has gone.
I don’t know if he will come tonight.
Let’s find out what is on tonight .
who
that
where
if
what
宾语从句三要素
引导词
陈述句
一般
疑问句
特殊
疑问词
if/whether
特殊疑问词
that
宾语从句的引导词
陈述句
① 当陈述句充当宾语时(包括肯定句和否定句)，由 连接。
He thinks, “ Lucy likes school.”
He thinks that Lucy likes school.
that
This is a book, I know.
I know that this is a book.
She says that you don’t like singing.
I know that he worked last night.
Tell Lucy that they won’t go home.
“You don’t like singing.” She says.
They won’t go home, tell Lucy.
He worked last night, I know.
陈述句
I’m sorry I don’t know .
We’re sure our team will win .
I’m afraid he won’t pass the exam .
that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。在主句为动词be加某些形容词(如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等)
作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句
也可算是宾语从句.
(that)
(that)
(that)
that可以省略的情况
练一练: 用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句
1. I know …
2. She says …
3. Tell your friend …
(that)
1.She is a dancer.
2.You like singing.
3.He worked last night.
4.They will go home.
5.Jim has been to Beijing.
6.She sings well.
例句: I know that you like singing.
一般疑问句(改写的陈述句)
②当一般疑问句充当宾语，由 连接。
if/whether
他是否想去兜风?
I asked
Does he want to go for a ride?
1.改为陈述句语气
2.用if/whether连接
I asked
if / whether
he wants to go for a ride.
I asked if/whether he wants to go for a ride?
例句：我问
一般疑问句(改写的陈述句)
if/whether在句中的意思是“是否”,常放在动词know，ask，care，wonder，find out等之后。在口语中常用if。
whether/if在宾语从句中不作任何成分，但含有“是否”的含义，故在句子中不可省略。
I don’t know whether/if this bike is hers.
我不知道这辆自行车是否是她的。
Can you tell me whether/if your father joined the Party in 1990?
你能告诉我你父亲是不是1990年入党的？
练一练
1.Do you know …
2.I want to know …
(if/whether)
1. Is he reading ?
2. Was she late yesterday?
3. Does Tom work hard?
4. Did you watch TV ?
5. Will they read books ?
6. Can you sing ?
练一练: 用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句
例句: Do you know if he is reading?
I want to know whether they will read books.
练一练
1.Do you know …
2.I want to know …
(if/whether)
he is reading.
she was late yesterday. Tom works hard.
you watched TV .
they will read books .
you can sing .
练一练: 用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句
答案：
宾语从句改为陈述语序
只用whether不用if 的三种情况
一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下情况只能用whether：
1. 与or not连用：
He asked me whether or not I was coming.
2. 在介词之后：
It depends on whether it is going to rain.
3. 在不定式之前：
We haven’t decided whether to go there.
4. 作主语只能用whether
Whether he will come is not decided.
判一判
Let me know whether you can come or not.
Let me know if you can come or not.
If it is true or not, I can’t tell.
Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell.
I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
I don’t know if to accept or refuse.
I worry about if I hurt her feelings.
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
特殊疑问词
我想知道这些英雄里
你最喜欢哪个？
I wonder which hero you like best?
特殊疑问词
这些英雄里你最喜欢哪个？
我想知道
I wonder
which hero do you like most?
I wonder which hero you like best?
③当特殊疑问句充当宾语时，由 连接。
特殊疑问词
特殊疑问句变成
连接词就是 本身
陈述语序
疑问词
练一练
要点拓展
What is she doing? Can you tell me?
Can you tell me what she is doing?
Where does she live? Do you know?
Do you know where she lives?
连接副词引导的宾语从句一般表示疑问，但有时也表示陈述。连接副词在从句中做状语。
I don’t believe what you said.
我不相信你所说的话。
I remember when I lived with my grandparents in the country.
我记得我和爷爷奶奶在乡村住过的日子。
(what在此处表示陈述)
(when在此处作时间状语，不表示疑问。)
练一练
填空
Do you know where _________ from?( she, come)
she comes
is the way
Can you tell me which _________ to the castle? ( be, way)
用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:
1. Do you know …
2. I want to know …
3. Can you tell me …
1. Where does she build the snowman?
2. How did the boy get to the castle?
3. Who will Tom play with?
例句：Do you know when she gets up?
where she builds the snowman ?
how the boy got to the castle ?
who Tom will play with?
宾语从句三要素
引导词
时态呼应
宾语从句的时态变化
① 当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。
I hear
(that)
Jim ( be ) a worker two years ago.
Jim ( be ) an English teacher now .
Jim ( cook ) dinner tomorrow .
Jim ( sing )a popular song now.
Jim ( be ) to the Great Wall twice .
Jim ( play ) basketball when his father came back.
Jim ( learn )1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester.
was
is
will cook
is singing
has been
was playing
had learned
填一填
(需要性原则).
宾语从句的时态变化
②当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。
辨一辨
1) He will go to Hong Kong .
2) He is sick.
3) He is reading a book .
4) He has finished his work.
1) He to Hong Kong.
2) He sick.
3) He a book .
4) He his work.
He said
would go
was
was reading
had finished
(呼应性原则).
从句的时态是根据主句时态来确认的
work
主句时态
从 句 时 态
连 接 前
连 接 后
一般现在时
时态由从句决定
一般过去时
一般现在时work
一般过去时worked
一般过去时worked
过去完成时had worked
一般将来时will work
过去将来时would work
现在进行时 is working
过去进行时was working
现在完成时have worked
过去完成时had worked
宾语从句的时态变化
③当宾语从句说明的是 时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用 。
比一比
客观存在的真理
一般现在时态
He told me (that)
Summer is after Spring.
I was told (that)
the sun is much bigger than the moon.
My parents told me (that)
no news is good news.
The teacher told us (that)
the moon travels round the earth.
(特殊性原则).
is
is
is
travels
宾语从句中的否定转移
④ 主句谓语动词是think, believe, expect, guess等，表示“认为，相信，期望，猜想“等意思，主句的主语是第一人称，且时态为一般现在时时，从句的否定一般要转移到主句上。其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。
看一看
(改为反意疑问句 ).
I don’t believe she will take part in the English evening.
我相信她不会参加英语晚会。
I don’t think it’s your fault.
我认为这不是你的错。
I don’t think it’s your fault, is it?
测试题
解题指导：
5.Do you know how much hot water ?
A．Mum is needed B．does Mum need
C．Mum needs D．did Mum need
6.Can you tell me ?
A．where he is B．where is he
C．he is where D．what is he
7.I want to know how long .
A．has he been back B．has he come back
C．he has been back D．he has come back
A
C
C
陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语
测试题
解题指导：
C
8. I thought he ____to see his mother
if he _____time.
A．will go…has
B．will go …will have
C．would go …would have
D．would go …had
9.Do you know＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿?
A. what the news are
B. what is the news
C. what the news is
D. what are the news
10. I didn’t know how to London?
A．would they go B．are they going
C．they would go D．they are going
C
D
时态呼应
若主句时态是现在时态，宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定；若主句是过去时态，宾语从句的时态要用过去的某个时态，客观真理除外。
4. Do you know who car it is?
3. He told me that winter was colder than autumn.
2. She knew that Danny is a student.
测试题
找出下题的错误并改正。
Could you tell me where do they live?
Could you tell me where they live.（陈述语序）
She knew that Danny was a student（时态的呼应性原则）
He told me that winter is colder than autumn. （时态的特殊性原则）
Do you know whose car it is? （根据语意，应为“谁的”，故为whose）
宾语从句三要素
引导词
时态呼应
语序
宾语从句的语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用 ，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。
Helen says that she will learn French next year.
Do you know where he comes from?
He asked me if I could get to the bus station on time.
陈述句的语序
宾语从句与简单句的转换
I don’t know where I should go.
I don’t know where to go.
Tell me how I can do it.
Tell me how to do it.
你有什么发现？
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
可以转换成
疑问词 + to do 的简单句
让日常交流简洁起来
练一练
变为简单句
1.I don’t know what I shall do next.
2.John didn’t decide which book he would buy.
I don’t know?_________________next .
what to do
John didn’t decide______________________.
which book to buy
变为复杂句
1.Can you tell me how to get to the bus stop ?
2.Please tell Lucy how to use the MP5 .
Can you tell me ___________________the bus stop ?
Can you tell?Lucy ___________________ the MP5.
how I can get to
how she can use
小结
宾语从句三要素
引导词
that（陈述句 ）
if／whether（一般疑问句 ）
特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句)
时态
主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态
主句为一般过去时
从句
一般过去时
过去将来时
过去进行时
过去完成时
语序
宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序
客观真理 自然现象
公式定理 名言警句 时态不变
小结
一.结构
1. 当陈述句作宾语从句时, 结构: 主句+that + 主语 +谓语部分
2. 当一般疑问句作宾语从句时, 结构: 主句+ if(whether) +主语 +谓语部分
3. 当特殊疑问句作宾语从句时, 结构: 主句+特殊疑问词+主语 +谓语部分
二．主从时态关系
主句
一般现在时
一般过去时
(特殊)任何时态
从句
时态不变
时态相应变化
一般现在时
(客观自然现象)
三．语序：陈述语序
测试题
选择题
1. Do you know __________________?
A. where does she live B. she lives where
C. where she lives D. where she live
2. His parents wanted to know what he ______at that time.
A. is doing B. was doing C. has done D. will do
3. - We don’t know ______.
- It is said that he was born in Canada.
A what he is B. when he was born C. where he comes from D. if he lives here
4. Lily’s mother looked for her for half an hour, but could not find ________?
A. what Lily was 　 B. what was Lily
C. where Lily was D. where was Lily
C
B
C
C
3.He doesn’t know that when she can come back.
2.Father told me the sun always rose in the east.
测试题
找出下题的错误并改正。
1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school.
Miss Zhang asked me why I was late for school.
Father told me the sun always rises in the east.
He doesn’t know when she can come back.
测试题
完成句子
1. I hear (that) he ______________ in an hour.
（ 我听说他一小时后回来。）
will be back
2. He said (that) he ______________ very much.
（他说他非常想念我们。）
missed us
3. Ask him ___________________________.
（问问他是否能来。）
if/whether he can come
4. Can you tell me ____________________.
（你能告诉我他在哪儿吗？）
where he is