中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Module
3
Life
now
and
then
模块小结
要点1
fear
1.
用作动词,注意以下用法：
(1)
表示“恐惧”“害怕”,其后接动词时,可用不定式或动名词(注：用不定式比用动名词常见).如：
He
feared
to
speak
in
public.
他害怕在公共场合讲话.
He
fears
to
tell
[telling]
her
what
happened.
他怕告诉她所发生的事.
(2)
表示“恐怕”“担心”,其后通常接
that
从句.如：
I
fear
that
he
will
refuse
us.
我担心他会拒绝我们.
在答语中
that
从句可用
so,
not
代之.如：
A：Will
he
come?
他会来吗?
B：I
fear
so.
/I
fear
not.
我想会来吧/我想不会来吧.
【注】后接否定的宾语从句时,通常不转移到主句.如：
I
fear
it
won’t
do
much
good.
我担心这不会有多大好处.
(3)
通常不接不定式的复合结构.如：
我担心他会失败.
误：I
fear
him
to
fail.
正：I
fear
that
he
will
fail.
(4)
比较
fear
sb
与
fear
for
sb：前者意为害怕某人,后者意为为某人担心.如：
He
fears
his
wife.
他怕他老婆.
He
fears
for
his
wife.
他为他老婆担心.
2.
用作名词,比较
for
fear
of
与
in
fear
of：前者意为“由于怕……”“以防……”,后者意为“害怕”“担心”.如：
Shut
the
window
for
fear
of
catching
a
cold.
关闭窗户以免感冒.
We’re
in
fear
of
more
snow.
我们担心会再下雪.
The
thief
passed
the
day
in
fear
of
discovery.
这个小偷整天提心掉胆担心会被发现.
3.fear的形容词形式为fearful,意为“可怕的;担心的”;其反义词为fearless,意为“大胆的;无畏的”。注意,fear后接表示否定意义的宾语从句时,否定词通常不转移到主句。例如:
I
fear
it
won’t
do
much
good.我担心这不会有太大好处。
【典例分析】
1.小偷害怕警察。
The
thieves
are
_______
_______
_________
the
police.
2.
不要害怕说实话。
Don’t
________
_______
_______
the
truth.
=Don’t
________
_______
the
truth.
3.The
little
girl
cried
out_______
_________ (
害怕
)
when
the
dog
barked(
吠叫
)
at
her
4.
I
am
afraid
that
he
will
fail
the
exam.(同义改写)
=I
________
that
he
will
fail
the
exam.
5.他害怕一个人晚上外出。
He
________
______
__________going
out
at
night
alone.
=He
________
________
_______
going
out
at
night
alone.
=He
________
________
go
out
at
night
alone.
=He
________
going
out
at
night
alone.
要点2
exercise
1.作可数名词用,“练习,习题,体操,功课,操练”等,常用复数.
I'm
doing
my
exercises.我在做练习/功课.
Doing
morning
exercises
is
helpful
to
our
health.做早操对我们的健康是有益的.
You
should
do
more
spelling
exercises.你应该做更多的拼写练习.
2.作不可数名词用,“锻炼,运动”.
You
are
weak
because
of
the
lack
of
exercise.你身体弱是因为缺少锻炼.
Take
more
exercise,
and
you
will
be
healthy.多多锻炼,你会健康的.
3.作动词用,“训练,锻炼”.
You
must
exercise
yourself
in
order
to
be
stronger
and
healthier.为了更健康更强壮,你必须锻炼自己.
They
are
exercising
troops.他们在练兵.
You
don't
exercise
enough.你锻炼不够.﹝作不及物动词﹞
作动词用还有“履行职责,行使全力”等意思.
You
must
exercise
your
own
duty.你必须履行你自己的职责.
【典例分析】
1.我们每天做眼保健操。（翻译）
2.每天锻炼能强身健体。（翻译2种）
3.Be
careful
next
time！please
correct
all
your_________
right
now.
A.
exercise
B.
exercises
C.
excercised
要点3
married
married
意为“已婚的，结婚的”，在句子中常作表语。常用于词组be
/get
married
to
sb.
意为“与某人结婚”。
get
married
强调的是短暂性动作，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用;
表示结婚已有一段时间用be
married。
例如：
They
have
been
married
for
ten
years.
他们已经结婚十年了。
Alice
was
married
to
a
doctor
last
month.
上个月爱丽丝和一位医生结婚了。
【拓展】
married的动词形式是marry,
其常见用法如下：
（1）marry
sb.
=
get
married
to
sb.
意为“与……结婚”。例如：
John
married
Mary
last
week.
上星期约翰和玛丽结婚了。
（2）marry
sb.
to
sb.
意为“把某人嫁给某人”。例如：
She
married
her
daughter
to
a
businessman.
她把女儿嫁给了一位商人。
（3）marry
一般不与介词with
连用。例如：
她和一位英国人结了婚。
【误】She
married
with
an
Englishman.
【正】She
married
an
Englishman.
【正】She
was
/
got
married
to
an
Englishman.
【典例分析】
1.去年她嫁给了一个士兵。
She
__________
a
soldier
last
year.
=She
______
________
___
a
soldier
last
year.
2.他已经和玛丽结婚一年了。
He
____
______
_________
___
Mary
for
one
year.
3.—How
long
________
they
________?
—For
about
10
years.
A.
have;
married
B.
have;
been
married
C.
were;
married
D.
did;
marry
4.My
grandparents
_________
for
fifty
years
and
they
love
each
other
very
much.
A.
have
got
married
B.
got
married
C.
have
been
married
D.
have
married
要点4
the
number
of/
a
number
of
（1）a
number
of
意为“许多”，后面接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。number前面可以用large，great，small等修饰，构成a
large
number
of;
a
small
number
of等。例如：
I
have
a
number
of
letters
to
write.
我有许多信件要写。
A
large
number
of
students
in
our
school
are
from
the
countryside.
我们学校许多学生来自农村。
A
small
number
of
students
in
our
class
went
swimming
yesterday.
昨天我们班一小部分学生去游泳了。
（2）the
number
of意为“……的数量”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The
number
of
people
speaking
Chinese
is
larger
than
that
of
those
speaking
English.
说汉语的人数要大于说英语的人数。
【典例分析】
1.The
number
of
people
invited
to
the
party________
fifty,
but
a
number
of
them________
absent
for
different
reasons.
A.
were;
was
B.
was;
was
C.
was;
were
D.
were;
were
2.As
we
all
know,
__________
number
of
people
learning
Chinese
is
increasing
rapidly.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.
\
3.There
_____
a
number
of
books
in
the
library
and
the
number
of
them
_____
increasing.
A.
has;
is
B.
have;
are
C.
are;
is
D.
is;
are
4.
________
students
in
the
school
is
over
2,
000.________
them
are
from
the
city.
A.
The
number
of;
A
number
of
B.
The
number
of;
The
number
of
C.
A
number
of;
A
number
of
D.
A
number
of;
The
number
of
要点5
lonely
lonely表示“寂寞的，孤寂的”，带有较强感彩，可用作表语或定语；表示“荒凉的，偏僻的”，用来说明地方，多用作定语。例如：
When
his
wife
died,
he
was
very
lonely.
太太死后他非常孤独。
The
old
man
lived
in
the
lonely
mountain
village.
那个老人住在荒凉的山村。
【拓展】lonely与alone的辨析：
lonely作形容词，意为“（人）孤单的，寂寞的”，它更强调一种主观的感觉；alone作形容词和副词，意为“独自的（地），单独的（地）”，它更强调一种客观情况。alone作形容词，在句中只用作表语。例如：
Don’t
leave
me
alone.
I
will
feel
lonely.
别留下我一个人，我会觉得孤单的。
区分
alone
与
lonely
alone
形容词和副词
强调客观上“独自一人”，不带有感彩。作形容词时不可作定语。
lonely
形容词
强调情感上“孤独的；寂寞的”，可作定语和表语。还可意为“偏僻的”，只作定语。
【典例分析】
1.The
old
man
lives
in
a
____________place
____________.
He
feels
___________
because
he
doesn’t
have
any
sons
or
daughters.（用alone，lonely填空）
2.
His
grandparents
live
________
in
a
small
house,
but
they
don't
feel
________.
A.
lonely;
alone
B.
alone;
lonely
C.
lonely;
lonely
D.
alone;
alone
3.Nowadays
many
old
people
stay
at
home
________,
so
they
often
feel
________.
A.
lonely,
lonely
B.
lonely,
alone
C.
alone,
lonely
D.
alone,
alone
4.When
you
feel
hopeless
and________，just
remember
you
are
not________
in
the
world.
A．alone；alone
B．lonely；lonely
C．lonely；alone
D．alone；lonely
要点6
close
to
close
to意为“靠近，接近”，相当于next
to。例如：
Jim’s
house
is
close
to
his
school.
吉姆的家离学校很近。
【拓展】
（1）close可作动词，意为“关上，闭上”。其形容词形式为closed，意为“关着的”。例如：
Please
close
the
door.
请关上门。
Some
stations
are?closed?on
public
holidays.
在公共假日里某些车站是关闭的。
（2）
close还可作形容词，意为“亲密的；势均力敌的”。例如：
close
friends
密友
a
close
game势均力敌的比赛
【典例分析】
1.我们班的人数将近40人。
The
number
of
the
students
in
our
class
is
_________
_________
40.
2.我住得离超市很近。
I
live
_________
__________
the
supermarket.
3.这家商店8点钟关门。
The
shop
_______
______
at
8
o’clock.=
The
shop
______
at
8
o’clock
4.Mary是Lily的密友。
Mary
is
Lily’s
_________
friend.
5.这家书店已关门2年了。
The
shop
_______
______
________for
2
years.
要点7
imagine
imagine是动词，意为“想象，推测”，后面可接名词、代词、宾语从句、复合宾语，常用于结构：imagine
doing
sth.
想象做某事。例如：
We
can’t
imagine
what
China
will
be
like
in
the
future.
我们无法想象将来中国是什么样子。
I
can’t
imagine
leaving
all
my
friends.
我无法想象离开我所有的朋友。
No
one
can
imagine
what
would
happen
next.
没有人能想象出下一步会发生什么。
要点8
tiny的用法
tiny作形容词,意为“微小的;极小的”。例如:
Fleas
are
tiny
insects.跳蚤是很小的昆虫。
辨析tiny,
little与small
tiny
“微小的;极小的”,强调特别小,指无法与其他事物相比较的异乎寻常的小。
little
“小的;小巧的”,指在体积、数量、距离、年龄、身材等方面比正常的小,带有主观感彩,表示喜欢、可怜或讨厌,常与形容词nice,
pretty,
poor或silly搭配。
small
“小的;不大的”,多指面积、体积、规模、衣服尺寸等方面比正常的略小。
例如:
I
put
the
present
in
a
small
box.我把礼物放在一个小盒子里。
The
little
dog
followed
the
boy
everywhere.那条小狗跟着那个男孩到处跑
【典例分析】
1．I
am
sorry
this
bottle
is
not________
enough.
I
want
a
smaller
one.
A．tiny
B．big
C．slim
D．fat
2.用tiny
small
little
填空
1.The
_________village
is
next
to
the
city.
2.The
________girl
is
my
friend’s
daughter.
3.The
creature
is
a
_________
ant,
but
he
can
move
a
rice
which
is
much
bigger
than
him.
4.That
dress
is
too
_______
for
you.
5.Though
she
was
_________,
she
had
a
very
loud
voice
要点9
result的用法
result
作名词,意为“后果;结果”;作动词,意为“发生;导致”。
常用短语:result
from意为“由……造成”,后接原因;
result
in意为“导致”,后接结果;
as
a
result意为“因此;结果是”,后接结果,要用逗号隔开;
as
a
result
of意为“由于……的原因”,后接原因。例如:
The
bankrupt
of
the
company
resulted
from
poor
management.公司破产是由管理不善造成的。
The
poor
management
results
in
the
bankrupt
of
the
company.管理不善导致这个公司破产。
as
a
result为习惯短语，意为“因此；结果”，在句中作状语。例如：
He
didn’t
practice,
and
as
a
result
，he
lost.
他没有练习，所以输了。【拓展】
as
a
result
of意为“由于……；作为……的结果”。先交代结果，再用as
a
result
of连接原因。例如：
We
can’t
go
out
as
a
result
of
the
heavy
rain.
因为下大雨，我们不能出去。
【典例分析】
1．He
was
late________
the
snow.
A．as
a
result
B．as
a
result
of
C．in
a
result
D．in
a
result
of
2.用result构成的常用短语填空。（不限字数）
1）她因天气寒冷而生病。
She
was
ill
___________
the
cold
weather.
2）许多竹林遭到砍伐，其结果是，越来越多的野生大熊猫失去了它们的家园。
Lots
of
bamboo
forests
have
been
cut
down.
_____________,
more
and
more
wild
pandas
have
lost
their
homes.
3）他的成功源于长年的努力工作。
His
success___________
years
of
hard
work.
=
His
success___________
years
of
hard
work.
4）长年的辛勤工作造就了他的成功。
His
years
of
hard
work
_________
success.
=
His
years
of
hard
work
_________
success.
5）
由于污染，该地区的居民很容易生病。
People
in
this
area
get
sick
easily
_________________the
pollution.
6）这种可怕的疾病已造成数千人死亡。
This
terrible
disease
_______________
thousands
of
deaths.
要点10
suppose
（1）动词suppose意为“猜想、假设”，suppose后接that从句，that可以省略。例如：
I
suppose
he
is
not
yet
twenty.
我猜想他不到二十岁。
（2）be
supposed
to后面用动词原形，表示“被期望做某事、应该做某事”，相当于情态动词should。例如：
You
are
supposed
to
say
hello
to
the
foreigners.
你应该跟这些外宾打招呼。
【拓展】
（1）当句子的主语是人的时候，be
supposed
to表示“应该做某事、被期望做某事”，经常用来表示劝告、建议、义务和责任等。这里be
supposed
to相当于情态动词should。例如：
You
are
supposed
to
ask
our
teacher
if
you
want
to
leave
the
classroom.
如果你要离开教室，应该先问一问我们的老师。
（2）当句子的主语是物的时候，be
supposed
to表示“本应该”的意思，经常用来表示某事物本应该发生而没有发生。例如：
The
meeting
was
supposed
to
take
place
on
Tuesday,
but
we
have
to
put
it
off.
这个会议本应该在星期二举行，但我们不得不把他推迟了。
（3）短语be
supposed
to
do
sth.的否定形式是be
not
supposed
to
do
sth，表示“命令和禁止”，意为“不应该做某事”。例如：
You
are
not
supposed
to
talk
loudly
in
class.
你不应该在课堂上大声交谈。
（4）
be
supposed
to的后面接have+过去分词，表示“本应该做完的事情而没有做完”。例如：
My
mother
is
supposed
to
have
arrived
an
hour
ago.
我的妈妈应该一个小时前就到了。
【典例分析】
1．As
a
student,
you________
do
your
homework
by
yourself.
A．suppose
that
B．are
supposed
to
C．are
supposed
D．are
wanted
2.我猜想我们下周将去那儿.
I
suppose
_______
________
________
_________next
week.
3.我认为她已经动身回家了.
I
_________
_________
________
have
already
left
for
home.
4.我们所有的人都认为他很聪明.
We
all________
_________
________
5.你应该在9点钟到达这里.
You
_______
_______
________be
here
at
nine.
6.你不能在公共汽车上抽烟.
You_________
________
_________smoke
on
the
bus.
要点11
find
out意为“找到，发现，查明”，多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后“弄明白”。通常含有“经过困难、曲折”之后才找出难以找到的东西。例如：
Please
find
out
when
the
train
leaves.
请查一下火车什么时候离站。
【拓展】
（1）find是动词，意为“找到”，通常指找到或发现具体的东西，强调的是找的结果。例如：
He
didn’t
find
his
book.
他没有找到他的书。
（2）look
for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调找的动作。例如：
Jim
is
looking
for
his
little
dog.
Jim正在找他的狗。
【拓展】look
的相关短语：
look
over
仔细检查
look
after
照顾
look
up
查阅；仰视
look
like
看起来像
look
at
看
look
through
浏览
【典例分析】
1．Can
you________
what
time
the
plane
will
take
off?
A．find
B．find
out
C．look
for
D．found
out
2.Paul
,
could
you
help
me_______
when
the
earliest
train
will
leave
for
Beijing
?
-OK
,
I’ll
do
it
right
away
.
A.
look
out
B.
get
out
C.
find
out
D.
take
out
3.The
window
was
broken．Try
to
______
who
has
broken
it．
A．find
B．look
C．find
out
D．look
for
4.他到处寻找他的钢笔，但是还是没有找到。
He____________
his
pen,
but
he
didn’t
___________
it.
5.你能帮我查一下火车什么时候开吗？
Could
you
help
me______________
when
the
train
leaves?
6.
你找到你的书了吗？
Do
you
_____________your
book?
要点12
used
to
do
sth.
过去常常做某事，意思是现在不做了，主语常是人，当然也可以是能实施动作的动物等。I
used
to
get
up
early
and
took
an
hour's
walk
before
breakfast.
我过去常常起床很早并且在早餐前散步一小时。
be
used
to
doing
sth.
习惯于做某事，主语也通常是人，但是也可以是能实施动作的动物等。“get
used
to
doing
sth.”相当于“be
used
to
doing
sth.”。
He
is/gets
used
to
living
like
this.
他习惯了这样生活。
【典例分析】
1.We
have________
up
early
in
order
to
catch
the
early
bus.
A．used
to
get
B．been
used
to
get
C．used
for
getting
D．been
used
to
getting
2.John
_________with
a
knife
but
now
he
_________with
chopsticks
after
living
in
Beijing
for
several
months.
A.
used
to
eat;
is
used
to
eat
B.
used
to
eating;
gets
used
to
eat
C.
used
to
eat;
is
used
to
eating
D.
was
used
to
eating;
is
used
to
eat
2.用
used
to
和
be
used
to
的适当形式填空。
1.
My
uncle
_____________
live
in
a
big
city，
but
he
_________________
living
in
a
village
now.
2.
I
_________________
get
up
late
when
I
was
in
the
middle
school.
3.
The
child
_________________
watch
too
much
TV
at
night.
So
he
has
poor
eyesight
now.
4.
We
students
___________________
doing
morning
exercises
every
day.
5.
There
_______________
be
a
beautiful
park.
要点13
1.过去的生活
2.全职工作
3.结婚
4.过去
5.
习惯……
6处理;应对
7.大点声说
8.
不只是;多于
9.而且;更重要的是
10.
忙于做某事
11.一般而言,总的来说
12.全世界
13.发现,查明
14.结果是;因此;所以
15.在……中扮演……角色/在……中起作用
16摆脱……
形容词和副词
1.形容词和副词的语法功能
形容词可用作定语修饰名词或代词,可与系动词连用作表语,还可用作宾语补足语等。副词通常可用作状语修饰形容词、副词或动词。
2.形容词和副词的位置
（1）形容词作定语时,通常位于所修饰词的前面,但当形容词修饰复合不定代词时,则应后置。形容词作表语时,位于系动词之后。
（2）副词在句中的位置相对比较灵活,通常情况下,表示时间、地点的副词位于句尾;频度副词位于实义动词之前,助动词、情态动词或be动词之后;程度副词位于所修饰的形容词或副词之前,助动词、情态动词或be动词之后;方式副词位于所修饰的动词之后。
3.形容词和副词的比较等级
(1)形容词和副词的比较等级的变化规则:单音节和部分双音节的形容词和副词在词尾加-er,-est构成比较级和最高级;大部分双音节和多音节的形容词和副词在其前加more,
most构成比较级和最高级;以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词和副词在词尾直接加-r,-st构成比较级和最高级;以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词和副词,把y变为i,再加-er,-est构成比较级和最高级。
（2）一些需要特殊记忆的形容词和副词的比较等级:good/
well→better→best;
many/much→more→most等。
注意:much,
even,
still,
a
little等可用来修饰形容词和副词的比较等级;而very,
quite,
too等可用来修饰形容词和副词的原级。
4.含有形容词或副词比较等级的常用结构
(1)“比较级+than...”表示“比……更……”。
(2)“最高级+of/in/among...”表示“……中最……”。
(3)“as+形容词或副词的原级+as...”表示“与……一样……”;“not
as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as...”表示“不如……;不像……一样……”。
(
4)“比较级+than+
any
other+可数名词单数”表示“……比其他的任何一个更……”。
(5)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”;“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”。
(6)“the+比较级+of
the
two...”表示“两个……中更……的一个”。
(7)“one
of+
the+形容词的最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”。
(8)“the+序数词+形容词的最高级+可数名词单数”表示“第几……的……”。
【典例分析】
一、形容词或副词的适当形式填空
1.
The
weather
in
the
North
is
usually_________
(cool)
than
that
in
the
South.
2.
Of
the
students
in
his
class,
he
is
_________
(young)
student.
3.
She
looked
_______
when
she
heard
the
news
and
looked
________
at
the
picture
of
her
lost
son.
(sad)
4.
The
story
is
so
_______
that
the
high
school
students
can
read
it
_______.
(easy)
5.
These
apples
taste
________
and
sell
_______.
(good)
6.
He
eats
too
much,
so
he
gets
________
(fat).
7.
Beijing
is
one
of
_________
(big)
cities
in
the
world.
8.
Who
is_________
(tall),
Tom,
Jack
or
Jason?
9.
It
is
_________
(funny)
book
I
have
ever
read.
10.
The
_________
(careful)
you
are,
the_________
(few)
mistakes
you
will
make.
11.
We’d
better
walk
a
little
_________.
It’s
getting
dark.
(fast)
12.
Mary
writes
____________________
in
her
class.
(beautifully)
13.
I
can
do
it
_________
than
you.
(well)
14.
Ken
often
works
______
into
the
night
but
he
is
never
_____
for
work.
(late)
15.
I
would
like
to
get
there
five
minutes
________
today.
(early)
16.
Would
you
please
speak
_____________
(slow)?
I
still
can’t
follow
you.
17.
She
listened
to
the
teacher
____________________
(careful)
of
all
the
students.
18.
Helen
works
___________
(hard).
And
her
brother
works
even
__________
(hard).
19.
Your
handwriting
is
_______
good.
(real)
20.
She
did
the
experiment
even
_____________
(bad)
today.
二、用括号中单词的适当形式填空。（主要练习形容词，副词构成）
1.
This
plant
needs
a
warm
and
___________(sun)
place.
2.
It
is
a
__________
(snow)
winter
this
year.
3.
Jimmy
told
us
about
his
______________
(amaze)
trip
to
Hong
Kong.
4.
The
Greens
spent
a
______________
(love)
day
by
the
sea.
5.
Jenny
often
wears
a
_____________
(fun)
hat.
6.
Our
classmates
are
all
very
_____________
(friend).
7.
The
water
is
very
______________
(dirt),
please
don’t
drink
it..
8.
During
the
Spring
Festival,
I
usually
get
some
_____________
(luck)
money
9.Please
be
(care)
when
you
cross
the
street.?
10.It
rained
so
(heavy)
last
night
that
the
lake
is
full
of
water
now.?
11.Lily
walks
as
(slow)
as
Nancy
does.?
12.The
weather
report
says
it
will
be
(rain).
Please
take
an
umbrella
with
you.?
话题三、本模块的话题是“现在与过去的生活”。学生在具体的写作中应做到以下几点:
1.能够准确运用不同的时态描述过去和现在的生活;
2.能够描述现在生活与过去生活的差异;
3.能够正确使用形容词的比较级和最高级。
本模块话题需要学生发散思维,学会多角度多层次思考问题。写作时,首先可以分别描述过去生活和现在生活的某些方面,也可以逐一从每个方面直接比较过去生活和现在生活,描述过去与现在时,需注意时态的正确运用。最后,对发生的变化进行总结,并表达自己的观点和想法。
常用词汇:
change
recently
nowadays
in
the
old
days
all
one’s
life
as...as...
not
as/so...as...
used
to
do
sth.
make
progress
live
in
a
small
town
be
different
from
常用句型:
There
have
been
great
changes
in
our
life
these
years.
Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
our
life
these
years.
In
the
past,
people
wrote
letters
to
get
in
touch
with
each
other.
People
used
to
get
information
by
reading
newspapers.
Increasing
traffic
makes
the
roads
more
crowded
than
ever.
Generally
speaking,
life
is
better
today.
【实战演练】
假如你是来自悉尼的一名交换生,
名叫Bruce,
三年前你来到西塘,
目睹了西塘三年来发生的巨大变化。请以Great
Changes
in
Xitang为题,
根据表格中的提示写一篇短文,
谈论一下西塘的今昔以及对未来的展望。
西塘
概况
Xitang,
“江南六大古镇”之一
过去
贫穷、落后,
空气污染严重
现在
高铁、飞机场等,
吸引了国内外众多游客
感想
……
要求:
1.
80词左右。
2.
语法正确,
文理通顺,
流畅。
3.
文中不得出现真实姓名、校名。
思维导图
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句。
知识要点二：语法
知识要点三：书面表达
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Module
3
Life
now
and
then
模块小结
要点1
fear
1.
用作动词,注意以下用法：
(1)
表示“恐惧”“害怕”,其后接动词时,可用不定式或动名词(注：用不定式比用动名词常见).如：
He
feared
to
speak
in
public.
他害怕在公共场合讲话.
He
fears
to
tell
[telling]
her
what
happened.
他怕告诉她所发生的事.
(2)
表示“恐怕”“担心”,其后通常接
that
从句.如：
I
fear
that
he
will
refuse
us.
我担心他会拒绝我们.
在答语中
that
从句可用
so,
not
代之.如：
A：Will
he
come?
他会来吗?
B：I
fear
so.
/I
fear
not.
我想会来吧/我想不会来吧.
【注】后接否定的宾语从句时,通常不转移到主句.如：
I
fear
it
won’t
do
much
good.
我担心这不会有多大好处.
(3)
通常不接不定式的复合结构.如：
我担心他会失败.
误：I
fear
him
to
fail.
正：I
fear
that
he
will
fail.
(4)
比较
fear
sb
与
fear
for
sb：前者意为害怕某人,后者意为为某人担心.如：
He
fears
his
wife.
他怕他老婆.
He
fears
for
his
wife.
他为他老婆担心.
2.
用作名词,比较
for
fear
of
与
in
fear
of：前者意为“由于怕……”“以防……”,后者意为“害怕”“担心”.如：
Shut
the
window
for
fear
of
catching
a
cold.
关闭窗户以免感冒.
We’re
in
fear
of
more
snow.
我们担心会再下雪.
The
thief
passed
the
day
in
fear
of
discovery.
这个小偷整天提心掉胆担心会被发现.
3.fear的形容词形式为fearful,意为“可怕的;担心的”;其反义词为fearless,意为“大胆的;无畏的”。注意,fear后接表示否定意义的宾语从句时,否定词通常不转移到主句。例如:
I
fear
it
won’t
do
much
good.我担心这不会有太大好处。
【典例分析】
1.小偷害怕警察。
The
thieves
are
_______
_______
_________
the
police.
2.
不要害怕说实话。
Don’t
________
_______
_______
the
truth.
=Don’t
________
_______
the
truth.
3.The
little
girl
cried
out_______
_________ (
害怕
)
when
the
dog
barked(
吠叫
)
at
her
4.
I
am
afraid
that
he
will
fail
the
exam.(同义改写)
=I
________
that
he
will
fail
the
exam.
5.他害怕一个人晚上外出。
He
________
______
__________going
out
at
night
alone.
=He
________
________
_______
going
out
at
night
alone.
=He
________
________
go
out
at
night
alone.
=He
________
going
out
at
night
alone.
【答案】1.in
fear
of
2.fear
to
tell
/
fear
telling
3.in
fear
4.fear
5.is
afraid
of
/
is
fear
of
/fears
to
fears
要点2
exercise
1.作可数名词用,“练习,习题,体操,功课,操练”等,常用复数.
I'm
doing
my
exercises.我在做练习/功课.
Doing
morning
exercises
is
helpful
to
our
health.做早操对我们的健康是有益的.
You
should
do
more
spelling
exercises.你应该做更多的拼写练习.
2.作不可数名词用,“锻炼,运动”.
You
are
weak
because
of
the
lack
of
exercise.你身体弱是因为缺少锻炼.
Take
more
exercise,
and
you
will
be
healthy.多多锻炼,你会健康的.
3.作动词用,“训练,锻炼”.
You
must
exercise
yourself
in
order
to
be
stronger
and
healthier.为了更健康更强壮,你必须锻炼自己.
They
are
exercising
troops.他们在练兵.
You
don't
exercise
enough.你锻炼不够.﹝作不及物动词﹞
作动词用还有“履行职责,行使全力”等意思.
You
must
exercise
your
own
duty.你必须履行你自己的职责.
【典例分析】
1.我们每天做眼保健操。（翻译）
【答案】We
do
eye
exercises
every
day.
2.每天锻炼能强身健体。（翻译2种）
【答案】Exercising
every
day
can
build
up
your
body.=Doing
exercise
every
day
can
build
up
your
body.
3.Be
careful
next
time！please
correct
all
your_________
right
now.
A.
exercise
B.
exercises
C.
excercised
【答案】这里exercise
作名词用。故C排除掉。Exercise
在这里应该做“练习，习题”是可数名词。故答案选B、。
要点3
married
married
意为“已婚的，结婚的”，在句子中常作表语。常用于词组be
/get
married
to
sb.
意为“与某人结婚”。
get
married
强调的是短暂性动作，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用;
表示结婚已有一段时间用be
married。
例如：
They
have
been
married
for
ten
years.
他们已经结婚十年了。
Alice
was
married
to
a
doctor
last
month.
上个月爱丽丝和一位医生结婚了。
【拓展】
married的动词形式是marry,
其常见用法如下：
（1）marry
sb.
=
get
married
to
sb.
意为“与……结婚”。例如：
John
married
Mary
last
week.
上星期约翰和玛丽结婚了。
（2）marry
sb.
to
sb.
意为“把某人嫁给某人”。例如：
She
married
her
daughter
to
a
businessman.
她把女儿嫁给了一位商人。
（3）marry
一般不与介词with
连用。例如：
她和一位英国人结了婚。
【误】She
married
with
an
Englishman.
【正】She
married
an
Englishman.
【正】She
was
/
got
married
to
an
Englishman.
【典例分析】
1.去年她嫁给了一个士兵。
She
__________
a
soldier
last
year.
=She
______
________
___
a
soldier
last
year.
【答案】married
got
married
to
2.他已经和玛丽结婚一年了。
He
____
______
_________
___
Mary
for
one
year.
【答案】has
been
married
to
3.—How
long
________
they
________?
—For
about
10
years.
A.
have;
married
B.
have;
been
married
C.
were;
married
D.
did;
marry
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——他们结婚多久了?——大约10年了。
考查现在完成时。根据“For
about
10
years”可知用现在完成时，根据marry是瞬间动词，瞬间动词不能与一段时间连用，应变成相应的延续性动词；这句话可用“be
married”，故选B。
4.My
grandparents
_________
for
fifty
years
and
they
love
each
other
very
much.
A.
have
got
married
B.
got
married
C.
have
been
married
D.
have
married
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我的祖父母已经结婚50年了，他们彼此深爱着对方。
考查现在完成时态。根据空后for
fifty
years可知，这是一个表示一段时间的时间状语，而marry是瞬间性动词，不能持续一段时间，所以要用be
married，表示状态，它后面可以跟表示一段时间的状语，结合语境可知用现在完成时，现在完成时态的结构为have/has+动词的过去分词，主语是My
grandparents，所以助动词用have，应填have
been
married，故选C。
要点4
the
number
of/
a
number
of
（1）a
number
of
意为“许多”，后面接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。number前面可以用large，great，small等修饰，构成a
large
number
of;
a
small
number
of等。例如：
I
have
a
number
of
letters
to
write.
我有许多信件要写。
A
large
number
of
students
in
our
school
are
from
the
countryside.
我们学校许多学生来自农村。
A
small
number
of
students
in
our
class
went
swimming
yesterday.
昨天我们班一小部分学生去游泳了。
（2）the
number
of意为“……的数量”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The
number
of
people
speaking
Chinese
is
larger
than
that
of
those
speaking
English.
说汉语的人数要大于说英语的人数。
【典例分析】
1.The
number
of
people
invited
to
the
party________
fifty,
but
a
number
of
them________
absent
for
different
reasons.
A.
were;
was
B.
was;
was
C.
was;
were
D.
were;
were
【答案】C
【解析】句意：被邀请参加聚会的人数是五十人，但由于种种原因，许多人都缺席了。
考查主谓一致。根据A
number
of大量、很多；后接可数名词复数或代词，谓语动词用复数形式；The
number
of……的数字/数目；当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数。结合“people”，故选C。
2.As
we
all
know,
__________
number
of
people
learning
Chinese
is
increasing
rapidly.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.
\
【答案】C
【解析】句意：众所周知，学习汉语的人数正在迅速增加。
考查冠词和a
number
of
和
the
number
of
的区别和用法。通常将冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词三类。不定冠词有a
和
an两种形式，其中
a
用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an
用于元音音素开头的单词前；而定冠词只有the一种形式；根据空后number
of
和“a
number
of
和
the
number
of
的区别和用法:
1、the
number
of意思是“……的数量”,跟复数名词连用作主语时,中心词是number,作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。
2、a
number
of意思是“许多”,相当于
many,修饰可数名词复数。作主语时,谓语动词要用复数，”结合句意可知，此空应填定冠词the，故选C。
3.There
_____
a
number
of
books
in
the
library
and
the
number
of
them
_____
increasing.
A.
has;
is
B.
have;
are
C.
are;
is
D.
is;
are
【答案】C
【解析】主谓一致法。a
number
of
books意为“大量的书”，可知句子的谓语动词用复数；the
number
of意为“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。故选C
4.
________
students
in
the
school
is
over
2,
000.________
them
are
from
the
city.
A.
The
number
of;
A
number
of
B.
The
number
of;
The
number
of
C.
A
number
of;
A
number
of
D.
A
number
of;
The
number
of
【答案】A
【解析】the
number
of意为“……的数量”；a
number
of意为“许多……”。根据句意可知选A。
要点5
lonely
lonely表示“寂寞的，孤寂的”，带有较强感彩，可用作表语或定语；表示“荒凉的，偏僻的”，用来说明地方，多用作定语。例如：
When
his
wife
died,
he
was
very
lonely.
太太死后他非常孤独。
The
old
man
lived
in
the
lonely
mountain
village.
那个老人住在荒凉的山村。
【拓展】lonely与alone的辨析：
lonely作形容词，意为“（人）孤单的，寂寞的”，它更强调一种主观的感觉；alone作形容词和副词，意为“独自的（地），单独的（地）”，它更强调一种客观情况。alone作形容词，在句中只用作表语。例如：
Don’t
leave
me
alone.
I
will
feel
lonely.
别留下我一个人，我会觉得孤单的。
区分
alone
与
lonely
alone
形容词和副词
强调客观上“独自一人”，不带有感彩。作形容词时不可作定语。
lonely
形容词
强调情感上“孤独的；寂寞的”，可作定语和表语。还可意为“偏僻的”，只作定语。
【典例分析】
1.The
old
man
lives
in
a
____________place
____________.
He
feels
___________
because
he
doesn’t
have
any
sons
or
daughters.（用alone，lonely填空）
【点拨】第一空lonely
“偏僻的”，只作定语。
第二空，alone
强调客观上“独自一人”，第三空，lonely强调情感上“孤独的；寂寞的”
2.
His
grandparents
live
________
in
a
small
house,
but
they
don't
feel
________.
A.
lonely;
alone
B.
alone;
lonely
C.
lonely;
lonely
D.
alone;
alone
【点拨】B句意：他的祖父母独自住在一个小房子里，但他们并不感到孤独。
考查形容词与副词。alone可以作形容词，也可以作副词，意为“单独，独自”；而lonely只可以作形容词，意为"内心孤独的"。根据句中关键词live可知，要用副词alone来修饰；关键词feel是一个感官系动词，后面应跟形容词lonely。故选B。
3.Nowadays
many
old
people
stay
at
home
________,
so
they
often
feel
________.
A.
lonely,
lonely
B.
lonely,
alone
C.
alone,
lonely
D.
alone,
alone
【答案】C
【解析】句意：现在许多老人独自待在家里，所以他们经常感觉很孤独。
考查形容词和副词用法。lonely孤独的，形容词，带有感彩；alone独自（的），副词和形容词，不带感彩。根据语境可知“老人在家里”讲述的是一个事实，而“他们感觉很孤独”带有强烈的感彩；第一空修饰动词stay用副词alone，第二空系动词feel后跟形容词lonely作表语，故选C。
4.When
you
feel
hopeless
and________，just
remember
you
are
not________
in
the
world.
A．alone；alone
B．lonely；lonely
C．lonely；alone
D．alone；lonely
【答案】C
【解析】lonely意为“孤独的，寂寞的”；alone意为“单独，独自”，强调独自一人。
要点6
close
to
close
to意为“靠近，接近”，相当于next
to。例如：
Jim’s
house
is
close
to
his
school.
吉姆的家离学校很近。
【拓展】
（1）close可作动词，意为“关上，闭上”。其形容词形式为closed，意为“关着的”。例如：
Please
close
the
door.
请关上门。
Some
stations
are?closed?on
public
holidays.
在公共假日里某些车站是关闭的。
（2）
close还可作形容词，意为“亲密的；势均力敌的”。例如：
close
friends
密友
a
close
game势均力敌的比赛
【典例分析】
1.我们班的人数将近40人。
The
number
of
the
students
in
our
class
is
_________
_________
40.
2.我住得离超市很近。
I
live
_________
__________
the
supermarket.
3.这家商店8点钟关门。
The
shop
_______
______
at
8
o’clock.=
The
shop
______
at
8
o’clock
4.Mary是Lily的密友。
Mary
is
Lily’s
_________
friend.
5.这家书店已关门2年了。
The
shop
_______
______
________for
2
years.
【答案】1.close
to
接近。时间，数量，地点的靠近。
2.close
to
3.is
closed\closes
4.close
形容词。亲密的。
5.has
been
closed
要点7
imagine
imagine是动词，意为“想象，推测”，后面可接名词、代词、宾语从句、复合宾语，常用于结构：imagine
doing
sth.
想象做某事。例如：
We
can’t
imagine
what
China
will
be
like
in
the
future.
我们无法想象将来中国是什么样子。
I
can’t
imagine
leaving
all
my
friends.
我无法想象离开我所有的朋友。
No
one
can
imagine
what
would
happen
next.
没有人能想象出下一步会发生什么。
要点8
tiny的用法
tiny作形容词,意为“微小的;极小的”。例如:
Fleas
are
tiny
insects.跳蚤是很小的昆虫。
辨析tiny,
little与small
tiny
“微小的;极小的”,强调特别小,指无法与其他事物相比较的异乎寻常的小。
little
“小的;小巧的”,指在体积、数量、距离、年龄、身材等方面比正常的小,带有主观感彩,表示喜欢、可怜或讨厌,常与形容词nice,
pretty,
poor或silly搭配。
small
“小的;不大的”,多指面积、体积、规模、衣服尺寸等方面比正常的略小。
例如:
I
put
the
present
in
a
small
box.我把礼物放在一个小盒子里。
The
little
dog
followed
the
boy
everywhere.那条小狗跟着那个男孩到处跑
【典例分析】
1．I
am
sorry
this
bottle
is
not________
enough.
I
want
a
smaller
one.
A．tiny
B．big
C．slim
D．fat
【答案】A
2.用tiny
small
little
填空
1.The
_________village
is
next
to
the
city.
【答案】small.
多指面积、体积、规模、衣服尺寸等方面略小
2.The
________girl
is
my
friend’s
daughter.
【答案】little
“小的;小巧的”
3.The
creature
is
a
_________
ant,
but
he
can
move
a
rice
which
is
much
bigger
than
him.
【答案】tiny
微小的;极小的
4.That
dress
is
too
_______
for
you.
【答案】small
5.Though
she
was
_________,
she
had
a
very
loud
voice
【答案】tiny.
要点9
result的用法
result
作名词,意为“后果;结果”;作动词,意为“发生;导致”。
常用短语:result
from意为“由……造成”,后接原因;
result
in意为“导致”,后接结果;
as
a
result意为“因此;结果是”,后接结果,要用逗号隔开;
as
a
result
of意为“由于……的原因”,后接原因。例如:
The
bankrupt
of
the
company
resulted
from
poor
management.公司破产是由管理不善造成的。
The
poor
management
results
in
the
bankrupt
of
the
company.管理不善导致这个公司破产。
as
a
result为习惯短语，意为“因此；结果”，在句中作状语。例如：
He
didn’t
practice,
and
as
a
result
，he
lost.
他没有练习，所以输了。【拓展】
as
a
result
of意为“由于……；作为……的结果”。先交代结果，再用as
a
result
of连接原因。例如：
We
can’t
go
out
as
a
result
of
the
heavy
rain.
因为下大雨，我们不能出去。
【典例分析】
1．He
was
late________
the
snow.
A．as
a
result
B．as
a
result
of
C．in
a
result
D．in
a
result
of
【答案】B
as
a
result意为“因此;结果是”,后接结果,要用逗号隔开.
as
a
result
of意为“由于……的原因”,后接原因。
2.用result构成的常用短语填空。（不限字数）
1）她因天气寒冷而生病。
She
was
ill
___________
the
cold
weather.
【答案】as
a
result
of/because
of
2）许多竹林遭到砍伐，其结果是，越来越多的野生大熊猫失去了它们的家园。
Lots
of
bamboo
forests
have
been
cut
down.
_____________,
more
and
more
wild
pandas
have
lost
their
homes.
【答案】as
a
result
3）他的成功源于长年的努力工作。
His
success___________
years
of
hard
work.
=
His
success___________
years
of
hard
work.
【答案】resulted
from
/came
from
4）长年的辛勤工作造就了他的成功。
His
years
of
hard
work
_________
success.
=
His
years
of
hard
work
_________
success.
【答案】resulted
in
/led
to
5）
由于污染，该地区的居民很容易生病。
People
in
this
area
get
sick
easily
_________________the
pollution.
【答案】as
a
result
of
because
of
6）这种可怕的疾病已造成数千人死亡。
This
terrible
disease
_______________
thousands
of
deaths.
【答案】led
to
/resulted
in
要点10
suppose
（1）动词suppose意为“猜想、假设”，suppose后接that从句，that可以省略。例如：
I
suppose
he
is
not
yet
twenty.
我猜想他不到二十岁。
（2）be
supposed
to后面用动词原形，表示“被期望做某事、应该做某事”，相当于情态动词should。例如：
You
are
supposed
to
say
hello
to
the
foreigners.
你应该跟这些外宾打招呼。
【拓展】
（1）当句子的主语是人的时候，be
supposed
to表示“应该做某事、被期望做某事”，经常用来表示劝告、建议、义务和责任等。这里be
supposed
to相当于情态动词should。例如：
You
are
supposed
to
ask
our
teacher
if
you
want
to
leave
the
classroom.
如果你要离开教室，应该先问一问我们的老师。
（2）当句子的主语是物的时候，be
supposed
to表示“本应该”的意思，经常用来表示某事物本应该发生而没有发生。例如：
The
meeting
was
supposed
to
take
place
on
Tuesday,
but
we
have
to
put
it
off.
这个会议本应该在星期二举行，但我们不得不把他推迟了。
（3）短语be
supposed
to
do
sth.的否定形式是be
not
supposed
to
do
sth，表示“命令和禁止”，意为“不应该做某事”。例如：
You
are
not
supposed
to
talk
loudly
in
class.
你不应该在课堂上大声交谈。
（4）
be
supposed
to的后面接have+过去分词，表示“本应该做完的事情而没有做完”。例如：
My
mother
is
supposed
to
have
arrived
an
hour
ago.
我的妈妈应该一个小时前就到了。
【典例分析】
1．As
a
student,
you________
do
your
homework
by
yourself.
A．suppose
that
B．are
supposed
to
C．are
supposed
D．are
wanted
【答案】B
be
supposed
to
do
应该做某事。
2.我猜想我们下周将去那儿.
I
suppose
_______
________
________
_________next
week.
【答案】they
will
go
there
3.我认为她已经动身回家了.
I
_________
_________
________
have
already
left
for
home.
【答案】suppose
her
to
4.我们所有的人都认为他很聪明.
We
all________
_________
________
【答案】suppose
him
clever
5.你应该在9点钟到达这里.
You
_______
_______
________be
here
at
nine.
【答案】are
supposed
to
6.你不能在公共汽车上抽烟.
You_________
________
_________smoke
on
the
bus.
【答案】aren’t
supposed
to
要点11
find
out意为“找到，发现，查明”，多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后“弄明白”。通常含有“经过困难、曲折”之后才找出难以找到的东西。例如：
Please
find
out
when
the
train
leaves.
请查一下火车什么时候离站。
【拓展】
（1）find是动词，意为“找到”，通常指找到或发现具体的东西，强调的是找的结果。例如：
He
didn’t
find
his
book.
他没有找到他的书。
（2）look
for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调找的动作。例如：
Jim
is
looking
for
his
little
dog.
Jim正在找他的狗。
【拓展】look
的相关短语：
look
over
仔细检查
look
after
照顾
look
up
查阅；仰视
look
like
看起来像
look
at
看
look
through
浏览
【典例分析】
1．Can
you________
what
time
the
plane
will
take
off?
A．find
B．find
out
C．look
for
D．found
out
【答案】B
【解析】：本题侧重强调通过调查等查明情况，应用find
out；且情态动词can
后跟动词原形。
2.Paul
,
could
you
help
me_______
when
the
earliest
train
will
leave
for
Beijing
?
-OK
,
I’ll
do
it
right
away
.
A.
look
out
B.
get
out
C.
find
out
D.
take
out
【点拨】C.
find
out意为“找到，发现，查明”，多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后“弄明白”。通常含有“经过困难、曲折”之后才找出难以找到的东西。
3.The
window
was
broken．Try
to
______
who
has
broken
it．
A．find
B．look
C．find
out
D．look
for
【点拨】C。find
out意为“查明”；find意为“找到”；look
for意为“寻找”，根据句意可知应该选“查明”
4.他到处寻找他的钢笔，但是还是没有找到。
He____________
his
pen,
but
he
didn’t
___________
it.
【点拨】looked
for
find.
5.你能帮我查一下火车什么时候开吗？
Could
you
help
me______________
when
the
train
leaves?
【点拨】find
out
6.
你找到你的书了吗？
Do
you
_____________your
book?
【点拨】find
要点12
used
to
do
sth.
过去常常做某事，意思是现在不做了，主语常是人，当然也可以是能实施动作的动物等。I
used
to
get
up
early
and
took
an
hour's
walk
before
breakfast.
我过去常常起床很早并且在早餐前散步一小时。
be
used
to
doing
sth.
习惯于做某事，主语也通常是人，但是也可以是能实施动作的动物等。“get
used
to
doing
sth.”相当于“be
used
to
doing
sth.”。
He
is/gets
used
to
living
like
this.
他习惯了这样生活。
【典例分析】
1.We
have________
up
early
in
order
to
catch
the
early
bus.
A．used
to
get
B．been
used
to
get
C．used
for
getting
D．been
used
to
getting
【点拨】D
used
to
do
sth.
过去常常做某事，Be
used
to
doing习惯于做某事，根据句意选D。
2.John
_________with
a
knife
but
now
he
_________with
chopsticks
after
living
in
Beijing
for
several
months.
A.
used
to
eat;
is
used
to
eat
B.
used
to
eating;
gets
used
to
eat
C.
used
to
eat;
is
used
to
eating
D.
was
used
to
eating;
is
used
to
eat
【点拨】C
句意：约翰过去常常用刀吃用餐，但现在他在北京住了几个月后习惯用筷子吃饭。
2.用
used
to
和
be
used
to
的适当形式填空。
1.
My
uncle
_____________
live
in
a
big
city，
but
he
_________________
living
in
a
village
now.
【点拨】used
to
is
used
to
2.
I
_________________
get
up
late
when
I
was
in
the
middle
school.
【点拨】used
to
3.
The
child
_________________
watch
too
much
TV
at
night.
So
he
has
poor
eyesight
now.
【点拨】used
to
4.
We
students
___________________
doing
morning
exercises
every
day.
【点拨】are
used
to
5.
There
_______________
be
a
beautiful
park.
【点拨】used
to
要点13
1.过去的生活
2.全职工作
3.结婚
4.过去
5.
习惯……
6处理;应对
7.大点声说
8.
不只是;多于
9.而且;更重要的是
10.
忙于做某事
11.一般而言,总的来说
12.全世界
13.发现,查明
14.结果是;因此;所以
15.在……中扮演……角色/在……中起作用
16摆脱……
【答案】1.life
in
the
past
2.
a
full-time
job
3.
get
married
4.used
to
5.
be
used
to...
6.deal
with
7.speak
up
8.more
than
9.
what’s
more
10.be
busy
doing
sth.
11.generally
speaking
12.all
over
the
world
13.
find
out
14.as
a
result
15.
play
a
role
in...
16.
get
rid
of...
形容词和副词
1.形容词和副词的语法功能
形容词可用作定语修饰名词或代词,可与系动词连用作表语,还可用作宾语补足语等。副词通常可用作状语修饰形容词、副词或动词。
2.形容词和副词的位置
（1）形容词作定语时,通常位于所修饰词的前面,但当形容词修饰复合不定代词时,则应后置。形容词作表语时,位于系动词之后。
（2）副词在句中的位置相对比较灵活,通常情况下,表示时间、地点的副词位于句尾;频度副词位于实义动词之前,助动词、情态动词或be动词之后;程度副词位于所修饰的形容词或副词之前,助动词、情态动词或be动词之后;方式副词位于所修饰的动词之后。
3.形容词和副词的比较等级
(1)形容词和副词的比较等级的变化规则:单音节和部分双音节的形容词和副词在词尾加-er,-est构成比较级和最高级;大部分双音节和多音节的形容词和副词在其前加more,
most构成比较级和最高级;以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词和副词在词尾直接加-r,-st构成比较级和最高级;以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词和副词,把y变为i,再加-er,-est构成比较级和最高级。
（2）一些需要特殊记忆的形容词和副词的比较等级:good/
well→better→best;
many/much→more→most等。
注意:much,
even,
still,
a
little等可用来修饰形容词和副词的比较等级;而very,
quite,
too等可用来修饰形容词和副词的原级。
4.含有形容词或副词比较等级的常用结构
(1)“比较级+than...”表示“比……更……”。
(2)“最高级+of/in/among...”表示“……中最……”。
(3)“as+形容词或副词的原级+as...”表示“与……一样……”;“not
as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as...”表示“不如……;不像……一样……”。
(
4)“比较级+than+
any
other+可数名词单数”表示“……比其他的任何一个更……”。
(5)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”;“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”。
(6)“the+比较级+of
the
two...”表示“两个……中更……的一个”。
(7)“one
of+
the+形容词的最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”。
(8)“the+序数词+形容词的最高级+可数名词单数”表示“第几……的……”。
【典例分析】
一、形容词或副词的适当形式填空
1.
The
weather
in
the
North
is
usually_________
(cool)
than
that
in
the
South.
2.
Of
the
students
in
his
class,
he
is
_________
(young)
student.
3.
She
looked
_______
when
she
heard
the
news
and
looked
________
at
the
picture
of
her
lost
son.
(sad)
4.
The
story
is
so
_______
that
the
high
school
students
can
read
it
_______.
(easy)
5.
These
apples
taste
________
and
sell
_______.
(good)
6.
He
eats
too
much,
so
he
gets
________
(fat).
7.
Beijing
is
one
of
_________
(big)
cities
in
the
world.
8.
Who
is_________
(tall),
Tom,
Jack
or
Jason?
9.
It
is
_________
(funny)
book
I
have
ever
read.
10.
The
_________
(careful)
you
are,
the_________
(few)
mistakes
you
will
make.
11.
We’d
better
walk
a
little
_________.
It’s
getting
dark.
(fast)
12.
Mary
writes
____________________
in
her
class.
(beautifully)
13.
I
can
do
it
_________
than
you.
(well)
14.
Ken
often
works
______
into
the
night
but
he
is
never
_____
for
work.
(late)
15.
I
would
like
to
get
there
five
minutes
________
today.
(early)
16.
Would
you
please
speak
_____________
(slow)?
I
still
can’t
follow
you.
17.
She
listened
to
the
teacher
____________________
(careful)
of
all
the
students.
18.
Helen
works
___________
(hard).
And
her
brother
works
even
__________
(hard).
19.
Your
handwriting
is
_______
good.
(real)
20.
She
did
the
experiment
even
_____________
(bad)
today.
【答案】1.cooler
2.the
youngest
3.sad
sadly
4.easy
easily
5.good
well
6.fatter
7.the
biggest
8.the
tallest
9.
Funniest
10.more
careful
fewer
11.faster
12.
(the)
most
beautifully
13.better
14.late
late
15.earlier
16.
slowly
17.(the)
most
carefully
18.hard
harder
19.really
20.worse
二、用括号中单词的适当形式填空。（主要练习形容词，副词构成）
1.
This
plant
needs
a
warm
and
___________(sun)
place.
2.
It
is
a
__________
(snow)
winter
this
year.
3.
Jimmy
told
us
about
his
______________
(amaze)
trip
to
Hong
Kong.
4.
The
Greens
spent
a
______________
(love)
day
by
the
sea.
5.
Jenny
often
wears
a
_____________
(fun)
hat.
6.
Our
classmates
are
all
very
_____________
(friend).
7.
The
water
is
very
______________
(dirt),
please
don’t
drink
it..
8.
During
the
Spring
Festival,
I
usually
get
some
_____________
(luck)
money
9.Please
be
(care)
when
you
cross
the
street.?
10.It
rained
so
(heavy)
last
night
that
the
lake
is
full
of
water
now.?
11.Lily
walks
as
(slow)
as
Nancy
does.?
12.The
weather
report
says
it
will
be
(rain).
Please
take
an
umbrella
with
you.?
【答案】：1,sunny
2,
snowy
3,amazing
4
lovely
5,
funny
6,
friendly
7,
dirty
8,
lucky
9.careful
10.heavily
11.slowly
12.rainy
话题三、本模块的话题是“现在与过去的生活”。学生在具体的写作中应做到以下几点:
1.能够准确运用不同的时态描述过去和现在的生活;
2.能够描述现在生活与过去生活的差异;
3.能够正确使用形容词的比较级和最高级。
本模块话题需要学生发散思维,学会多角度多层次思考问题。写作时,首先可以分别描述过去生活和现在生活的某些方面,也可以逐一从每个方面直接比较过去生活和现在生活,描述过去与现在时,需注意时态的正确运用。最后,对发生的变化进行总结,并表达自己的观点和想法。
常用词汇:
change
recently
nowadays
in
the
old
days
all
one’s
life
as...as...
not
as/so...as...
used
to
do
sth.
make
progress
live
in
a
small
town
be
different
from
常用句型:
There
have
been
great
changes
in
our
life
these
years.
Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
our
life
these
years.
In
the
past,
people
wrote
letters
to
get
in
touch
with
each
other.
People
used
to
get
information
by
reading
newspapers.
Increasing
traffic
makes
the
roads
more
crowded
than
ever.
Generally
speaking,
life
is
better
today.
【实战演练】
假如你是来自悉尼的一名交换生,
名叫Bruce,
三年前你来到西塘,
目睹了西塘三年来发生的巨大变化。请以Great
Changes
in
Xitang为题,
根据表格中的提示写一篇短文,
谈论一下西塘的今昔以及对未来的展望。
西塘
概况
Xitang,
“江南六大古镇”之一
过去
贫穷、落后,
空气污染严重
现在
高铁、飞机场等,
吸引了国内外众多游客
感想
……
要求:
1.
80词左右。
2.
语法正确,
文理通顺,
流畅。
3.
文中不得出现真实姓名、校名。
【范文】
Great
Changes
in
Xitang
I
am
an
exchange
student
from
Sydney.
Three
years
ago,
I
came
to
Xitang.
Xitang
was
a
small
town.
People
lived
a
poor
life.
Pollution
was
very
serious
and
rubbish
was
everywhere.
People
went
everywhere
by
electric
bike
or
motorcycle.
But
things
have
become
different
in
the
past
three
years.
The
government
has
built
wide
roads,
high-speed
trains,
airports
and
highways
here.
The
environment
has
become
more
beautiful.
And
it
is
considered
to
be
one
of
the
six
ancient
towns
in
the
south
of
the
Yangtze
River.
Every
year,
thousands
of
people
from
all
over
the
world
come
to
visit
the
ancient
town.
In
a
word,
I’m
sure
Xitang
will
become
better
and
better.
思维导图
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句。
知识要点二：语法
知识要点三：书面表达
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