牛津英语2021中考复习--时态汇总及练习(含答案)

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牛津英语2021中考复习--时态汇总
一般现在时
一般现在时,动词一般用原形。
表述事实讲真理,习惯动作常发生。
?动词词尾加-s(es),只表单数三人称。
?若变一般疑问句,得看句型是哪种。
?系表结构和there
be,be放句首可完成;
?若遇实义动词句,do或does莫忘用。
【中考要求】
1.熟练掌握动动词第三人称单数的形式。
2.熟练掌握一般现在时的构成和基本用法。
一、一般现在时概念
经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况
I
always
get
up
at
seven
o’clock.
我早上总是7点钟起床。
He
usually
visits
her
grandparents
on
weekends.
他通常在周末去看望他的祖父母。
We
sometimes
eat
outside.
我们有时在外面吃饭。
You
always
blink
when
you
tell
a
lie.
你说谎的时候总是眨眼睛。
二、基本结构
动词原形(如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)
We
always
have
seven
classes
every
day.
我们每天上七节课。
It
seldom
snows
here.
这很少下雪
He
is
always
ready
to
help
others.
他随时准备帮助其他人。
Action
speaks
louder
than
words.
行动胜于空谈。
否定形式:am/is/
are+
not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,
同时还原行为动词
He
is
always
ready
to
help
others.
变成否定句:He
isn’t
always
ready
to
help
others.
We
always
have
seven
classes
every
day.
变成否定句:We
don’t
always
have
seven
classes
every
day.
He
usually
visits
his
grandparents
on
weekends.
变成否定句:
He
doesn’t
usually
visit
his
grandparents
on
weeks.
一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
We
always
have
seven
classes
every
day.
变成一般疑问句:
Do
you
always
have
seven
classes
every
day?
Action
speaks
louder
than
words.
变成一般疑问句:Does
action
speak
louder
than
words?
He
is
good
at
expressing
himself.
变成一般疑问句:
Is
he
good
at
expressing
himself?
三、一般现在时的用法
1、习惯
一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态时,常与often,
always,
usually,
sometimes,
every
day等时间状语连用。
The
shop
opens
at
nine
every
day.
这家商店每天九点开门。
It
seldom
snows
here.
这儿很少下雪。
2、真理
一般现在时表示客观存在或普遍真理
Light
travels
faster
than
sound.
光速比声速快。
Food
easily
goes
bad
in
hot
weather.
天气热时食物容易坏
The
moon
goes
round
the
earth.
月亮绕着地球转。
3、性质
一般现在时表示主语的特征或状态
The
picture
looks
very
beautiful.
这幅画看起来很美。
Air
contains
oxygen
and
nitrogen.
空气含有氧和氮。
She
speaks
English,
French
and
Chinese.
她说英语,法语和中文。
4、
将来
一般现在时在时间和条件状语从句中表示将来的动作或状态,例如:
I'll
tell
her
about
it
as
soon
as
I
see
her.
我一见到她就告诉她这件事。
When
does
the
train
arrive?
火车几点到?
I
will
go
with
you
to
the
hospital
when
I
have
time
tomorrow.
明天有空的话我就跟你去医院。
四、一般现在时的标志词
always,
usually,
often,
sometimes,
every
week
(day,
year,
month…),
once
a
week,
on
Sundays
五、词形变化
当主语是第三人称单数,he,she,it
人名:
Mary
,
Tom,
Tony,
Mike
谁的谁:
my
father,your
mother,
his
sister,
our
teacher
可数名词单数:
a
horse,
this
book,
the
moon,
the
earth
不可数名词:water,
paper,
time,
money
非谓语:to
do
,
doing
等,时态是一般现在时时,动词应用第三人称单数形式。
动词第三人称单数构成如下:
一般动词
词尾加-s
like—likes
write-writes
work-works
以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾,词尾加-es,
teach—teaches
do—does
wash—washes
以y结尾:辅音字母+y,变y为i,加-es,
study—studies
carry—carries
try—tries
元音字母+y,直接加-s,
play—plays
stay—stays
say—says
have—has
be
–is
基础过关
1.He
often
________(have)
dinner
at
home.?????????????????????
【解析】他经常在家里吃饭。经常性的动作用一般现在时。主语是he
第三人称代词要跟谓语的第三人称单数。答案为have
2.
Daniel
and
Tommy
_______(be)
in
Class
One.?????????????????
【解析】be
动词的一般现在时有am,
is,
are
,我是am,
你是are,
is
用于他她它,单数is,复数are,变疑问be前提,句尾问号莫忘记,变否定也简单,be
后只把not添。本题的主语是两个人,所以用are
3.
We
(not
watch)
TV
on
Monday.????????
【解析】我们周一不看电视。On
Monday
,
on
weekends
用一般现在时,一般现在时的否定句,有be动词,情态动词的在后面直接加not.
行为动词应加上助动词,do
,
does
加not.
本题主语为we
所以用助动词do.
答案为don’t
4.
What
_______they
often
_______(do)
on
Saturdays????????????
【解析】有标志词often
,
还有on
Saturdays,
主语为they,
助动词提问为do
,有助动词后面的动词变为动原。所以答案为do,
do
5.
______
your
parents
_______(read)
newspapers
every
day?????
【解析】every
day
每天,副词
everyday
每天的,形容词。Every
day
是一般现在时的标志词。一般现在时的疑问句.
句中的谓语动词为行为动词,加助动词,
do
或does,
主语是你的父母两人。所以用do.
答案为:Do,read
6.
There
________(be)
some
water
in
the
bottle.??????????????
【解析】there
be
句型在肯定句中be
只有两种形式,
there
is;
there
are.
There
be
句型be
的形式取决于后面的主语。如果是可数名词的单数,不可数名词
be
动词为is,如果是复数名词谓语动词用are.
答案为is
7.
My
aunt
_______(look)
after
her
baby
carefully.?
【解析】我阿姨照顾她的孩子很细心。这是一个人的性格使然。所以用一般现在时表示。My
aunt
是第三人称单数。谓语动词为Looks
8.
The
child
often
_______
(watch)
TV
in
the
evening.????????
【解析】in
the
evening
在晚上,the
child
是第三人称单数。所以谓语为第三人称单数
watches.
以s,
x,
sh,
ch
结尾的谓语动词加-es.
9.What
_______(do)
he
usually
________
(do)
after
school??????
【解析】after
school
放学后,一般现在时的特殊疑问句。
主语为he
助动词用does
.后面的动词要还原成动词原形。
能力提高
1.Daniel
watches
TV
every
evening.(改为否定句)
Daniel
doesn’t
watch
TV
every
evening.
【解析】肯定句变成否定句有Be动词,或情态动词在be和情态后加not.
当谓语动词为行为动词时,加助动词。Do,
does
再加not.
注意,原来为第三人称单数的动词变成原形。
2.
Amy
likes
playing
computer
games.
(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
Does
Amy
like
playing
computer
games?
Yes,
she
does.
【解析】一般现在时的疑问句,有be
动词,be
提前,有情态动词,情态动词提前,都没有的话加助动词。Do
或does.
Amy
为第三人称单数。所以用does
同时把原动词变成动原。
3.
I
like
taking
photos
in
the
park.(对划线部分提问)
Where
do
you
like
taking
photos?
【解析】对划线部分提问,首先要确定用where,
why,
what.然后加上一般疑问句。
4.
She
is
always
a
good
student.
(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
Is
she
always
a
good
student?No,
she
isn’t.
【解析】变成一般疑问句,有be
动词的be提前。
5.
My
dog
runs
fast.1
变成否定句。2变成一般疑问句
否定句:
My
dog
doesn’t
run
fast.
一般疑问句:Does
your
dog
run
fast?
【解析】否定要看句中有没有be动词和情态动词。本题中没有所以要加助动词,do
或does。My
dog
是三单,所以要用does。
一般疑问句也用does.同时动词三单变原形。
6.
I
usually
play
football
on
Friday
afternoon.
1
变成否定句2变成一般疑问句3.对画线部分提问.
否定句:
I
don’t
usually
play
football
on
Friday
afternoon.
一般疑问句:
Do
you
usually
play
football
on
Friday
afternoon?
划线提问:What
do
you
usually
do
on
Friday
afternoon?
【解析】看题中谓语动词为行为动词,否定加don’t.
疑问加do.划线部分提问用what+一般疑问句。
7.
Sun
Yang
usually
washes
some
clothes
on
Sunday.
1
变成否定句2变成一般疑问句3.对画线部分提问.
否定句:
Sun
Yang
doesn’t
usually
wash
any
clothes
on
Sunday.
一般疑问句:
Does
Sun
Yang
usually
wash
any
clothes
on
Sunday?
划线提问:
What
does
Sun
Yang
usually
do
on
Sunday?
【解析】谓语动词为行为动词,主语为第三人称单数,否定时加doesn’t,
疑问时加Does,
特殊疑问what+一般疑问。
注意:动词三单要还原成动词原形。
8.改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)
He
likes
play
games
after
class.
【解析】一般现在时主语是he
是谓语用likes
没有错误。但是like
to
do
,
like
doing
两种用法。
经常性的用doing。
一次性的用to
do
.
9.改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)
Mr.
Wu
teachs
us
English.
【解析】
主语为Mr.
Wu
谓语为teachs.动词变成三单形式,以s,
x,
sh,
ch
结尾的动词加上es.
答案为teaches.
teachs
10.改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)
She
don’t
do
her
homework
on
Sundays.
【解析】主语为she,
否定时用doesn’t
而不用don’t.
现在进行时
现在进行时
look,
listen是标志,现在进行正发生。
有时now在句中现,"be+V-ing"时态成。
若问be用何形式,须看主语数、人称。
He/She
is,I
am
,
We,you,they?后are紧跟。
V-ing形式更好记,三种构成要分清。
一般问句be提前,be后not否定成!
【中考要求】
1.熟练掌握动词现在分词的形式。
2.熟练掌握现在进行时构成和基本用法。
一、现在进行时的概念:
表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或事情。
We
are
having
English
class
now.
我们正在上英语课。
Look,
the
man
is
running
after
his
dog.
看,那个人正在追他的狗。
Listen,our
English
teacher
is
telling
a
joke.
听,我们的英语老师正在讲笑话。
二、现在进行时的构成是:
主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式
第一人称单数
I+am+doing+sth.
I
am
listening
to
music.
我正在听音乐。
第一人称复数
We+are+doing
+sth.
We
are
having
an
English
party.
我们正在办一个英语晚会。
第二人称单(复)数
You+are+doing+sth.
You
are
leaving
for
Shanghai.
你们要去上海了。
第三人称单数
He(She,it)+is+doing+sth.
She
is
watching
an
touching
movie.
她正在看一部感人的电影。
He
is
doing
his
homework.
他正在做家庭作业。
第三人称复数
They+are+doing
+sth.
They
are
playing
football
on
the
playground.
他们正在操场上踢足球。
肯定句:主语+be(is/am/are)+现在分词
You
are
playing
the
piano.
He
is
doing
exercise.
否定句:主语+be(is/am/are)+not+现在分词
We
are
not
watching
TV.
We
are
not
having
dinner.
I
am
not
playing
computer
games.
一般疑问句:be(is/am/are)+主语+现在分词
Are
you
doing
your
homework?
Are
you
waiting
for
me?
Are
you
telling
a
lie?
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+相应be动词+主语+现在分词+sth?
When
are
you
leaving
for
Shanghai?
What
are
you
eating
for
lunch?
三、现在进行时的用法:
1.现在:当句中出现的表示时间的词是now,
at
the
moment
(此刻、现在)等时,表示句子要说明的是现在正在发生的事,动词应用现在进行时。
Linda's
brother
is
watching
TV
in
his
bedroom
now.
琳达的哥哥现在正在他的卧室里看电视。
We're
far
from
home.
What
are
our
parents
doing
at
the
moment?
我们现在远离家,我们的父母此刻在干什么呢?
2.
当前:当句中出现的时间状语是these
days,
this
week,
this
month等时,如果句子所要表达的意义是在这一阶段正在发生的事,则动词应用现在进行时。
These
days
we
are
helping
the
farmers
work
on
the
farm.
这些天我们在农场帮农民们干活。
They're
having
a
test
this
week.
这一周他们在进行一次考试。
Mr.
Cheng
is
visiting
our
village
this
month.
这个月程先生在我们村访问。
3.
将来:现在进行时还有另外一种含义,即它们能表达即将发生的事情,相当于一般将来时。能够用来表示将来状况的动词有:arrive,
come,
do,
get,
go,
have,
leave,
meet,
play,
return,
see,
spend,
start,
stay,
wear,
work等。
We
are
leaving
on
Friday。
我们星期五出发。
Are
you
going
anywhere
tomorrow?
你明天准备去哪儿?
A
foreign
guest
is
giving
a
lecture
this
afternoon。
今天下午一个外国客人将给我们作报告。
4.
情感:.当其与always,forever,
continually,
constantly
等副词连用时表示重复的动作,而这种动作可能使人不满,厌倦或满意。例如:
①She
is
perpetually
interfering
in
my
affairs.
她老是干预我的事。
(不满)
②The
students
are
making
progress
constantly.
学生们在不断进步。
(满意)
5.在句中出现了Look,
Listen,
Can't
you
see?
等暗示词时,说明后面谓语动词的动作正在发生,该动词应用现在进行时。
Look!
Maria
and
Tom
are
dancing
under
the
tree.
看!玛丽亚和汤姆正在树下跳舞。
Listen!
Our
English
teacher
is
singing
the
popular
English
song.
听!我们英语老师正在唱那首流行的英文歌曲。
Many
children
are
swimming
in
the
river.
Can't
you
see?
许多小孩在河里游泳,你难道看不见吗?
6.注意根据上下文的暗示,句子的谓语动词可能应用现在进行时。

Where
is
Mr.
Wang? 王先生在哪儿?

Oh,
he
is
reading
a
newspaper
in
the
office.
噢,他正在办公室看报。
(问句询问王先生在哪儿,应说明他现在在哪儿,故答句应说明他现在正在做的事,用现在进行时。)
—Is
that
boy
Jack?那个男孩是杰克吗?

No,Jack
is
doing
his
homework
in
the
classroom.
不是,杰克正在教室做作业呢。
(答句中说明的杰克做作业的情况应发生在现在,应用现在进行时。)
现在进行时的用法:
注意:并不是所有动词都有进行时,一些动词一般在句中不能用现在进行时态,而应用一般现在时。这些动词往往是等表示情感状态、知觉认识、愿望或短暂性的动词。例如:see(明白),know,
want,
like,
hear,
have(有),
think,
hope,
hate等。
现在进行时的标志词:
now,
this
week,
at
this
moment,
look,
listen,these
days,
this
month。
词形变化:
(1)直接在谓语动词后加ing.
例如:going,
starting,
working,looking.
(2)去掉词尾不发音的e,再加ing.
例如
leaving,making,coming,writing.
注意:如果单词结尾的e发音,则不能去掉,也直接加ing.
例如:see
-seeing/agree
-
agreeing
.
另外,有少数动词比较特殊,请用心记住:
例如:lie
-
lying/die
-
dying/tie
-
tying/picnic
-
picnicking.
(3)
对于重读闭音节词,双写末尾字母再加ing.
例如:sitting,
beginning,
getting,putting.
这一条规律,必须要弄清什么是“重读闭音节”。下面再举
一些双写的例子:
  
run

running
  stop
-
stopping
cut

cutting
  
control
-
controlling
(4)
以ie
结尾的把ie
变y
加ing.
Lie-lying
die—dying
tie-
tying
基础过关
1、
Look!
He
_____their
mother
do
the
housework.
?A.is
helping????
B.
are
help????
C.
is
help???
D.is
helpping
【解析】Look
是现在进行时的标志词。现在进行时用am,is,
are
+doing
he
是第三人称,
help
不是闭音节不用双写。答案为A。
2.
Don’t
talk
here.
My
mother
_____.
?A.is
sleeping??
?B
.are
sleeping
?C.
sleeping?
??D
.sleep
【解析】根据场景知道用现在进行时,不要说话,我妈妈正在睡觉。My
mother
是第三人称,is
sleeping
答案为A。
3.
–When_____he_____back?
?????–
Sorry,
I
don’t
know.
?A.does,
come
??????B.
are
coming???
C.
is
come???
D.is
coming
【解析】现在进行时可以表示将来。Come,
go,
leave,
stay等动词能用进行时表示将来。
4.
?Danny
______.
Don’t
call
him.
?A.is
writeing??
?B
.is
writing?
??C.
writing??
???D
.writes
【解析】根据句意,不要给Danny打电话,他正在写作。现在进行时是
am,
is,
are
+doing
,
以不发音的e
结尾的单词去e加ing.所以答案为B。
5.
_____are
the
boys
doing
?
They
are
singing
in
the
room.
?A
.Who???????
????B
.How??????
???C.What?????
???D.Where
【解析】
what…doing
是结构。Do
是及物动词,所以要用疑问代词作宾语。
6.我在照看孩子.


A
.
I
am
looking
after
the
baby.
B
.
I’m
look
aftering
the
baby.
C.
I
look
am
aftering
the
baby.
D.I
looking
after
the
baby.
【解析】现在进行时的构成是am,
is
,
are
+
doing.
7.你在干什么?


A.
What
is
you
doing?
B.
What
are
you
do?
C.
What
are
you
doing?
D.
What
do
you
do?
【解析】现在进行时的特殊疑问句是what+be
+主语+ving。所以答案为C
8.我正在听他说话.


A.I
listening
to
him.
B.
I'm
listening
to
him.
C.
I'm
listen
to
him.
D.
I'm
listening
him.
【解析】现在进行时构成为am,
is
,
are
+doing.
Listen
to
后面加主语时to不能省略。答案B
能力提高
1.
What_________you__________(do)?
【解析】are
doing;
你正在做什么。
答案:are
\doing
2.
I_____________(sing)
an
English
song.
【解析】am
singing
主语是I,又是现在进行时。答案:am
singing
3.
What________he____________(mend)?
【解析】他正在修理什么。答案应该是is
mending
4.He______________(mend)
a
car
at
this
moment.
【解析】现在进行时的构成是be
(
am,
is,
are)+doing
主语为he
所以答案为is
mending.
5.______you__________(fly)
a
kite?
Yes,_______.
【解析】我们学了一般现在时和现在进行时,但是放风筝不会是经常性习惯性的动作。用现在进行时。
Are
flying
I
am
现在进行时的一般疑问句是把Be
动词提前。
6.
Look,
______she___________(sit)
in
the
boat?
【解析】look
是现在进行时的标志词,is
sitting
7.______you_____________(ask)
questions
at
the
moment?
【解析】at
the
moment,
此时此刻,你正在问问题吗?现在进行时的一般疑问句。
8.
We_______________(play)
games
now
【解析】有标志词now,
表示现在正在,用现在进行时,主语we
复数。所以用
are
playing
9.The
students
are
singing
in
the
room.(对划线部分提问)
答案:What
are
the
students
doing
in
the
room?
?【解析】现在进行时态中对动作提问可记住此句式“What
+be
+主语+doing+其它?”或简写为“What......doing......”?句式。
10.孩子们在跑还是在跳?
??答案:Are
the
children
running
or
jumping?
?解析:
or连接的是两个并列成分,动词形式须一致。
一般过去时
一般过去时
简单过去不难记
故事发生在过去
动词使用过去式??他的变化有规律
否定句很简单????
did
not
放动前
?Be的否定更不难?
was
were后not连
?如要变成疑问句??
did
放在句子前。
?疑问否定随你变??
动词过去要还原

【中考要求】
1.熟练掌握动词过去式、过去分词的形式。
2.熟练掌握一般过去时的构成和基本用法。
一、一般过去的概念:
一般过去时(simple
past
tense)表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
I
had
a
word
with
Julia
this
morning.
今天早晨,我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。 
I
used
to
work
fourteen
hours
a
day.
我过去常常一天干十四个小时。
Lei
Feng
was
a
good
soldier.
雷锋是个好战士。
二、一般过去的构成是: 
主语+动词过去式+其他
I
was
a
good
student
when
I
was
in
middle
school.
我在中学时是个好学生。
She
walked
to
my
office
in
that
winter.
在那个冬天那步行去工作。
We
lived
a
hard
life
in
the1980s.
在二十世纪八十年代我们的生活很拮据。
否定形式①was/were+not;
②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词
I
was
not
happy
when
I
heard
the
news.
听到这个消息我不开心。
I
didn’t
go
to
school
by
bus
when
I
was
in
elementary
school.
在小学的时候我很少乘公交车去学校。
He
didn’t
like
to
eat
celery
at
the
age
10.
他十岁的时候不喜欢吃芹菜。
一般疑问句:Did+主语+do+其他?
She
often
came
to
help
us
in
those
days.(变成一般疑问句)
Did
she
often
come
to
help
us
in
those
days?
Yes,
she
did.
(肯定回答)
No,
she
didn’t.(否定回答)
He
didn’t
like
to
eat
celery
at
the
age
of
10.
(变成一般疑问句)
Did
he
like
to
eat
celery
at
the
age
of
10?
No,he
didn’t.
(否定回答)
特殊疑问句:疑问句词+did(was,were,情态动词过去式)+主语+动词原形+其他
Where
did
you
buy
your
watch?
你在哪里买的你的手表?
When
were
you
born?
你哪年出生的?
Why
did
your
family
move
to
Beijing
in
1990?
为什么你们家在1990年搬到北京呢?
What
could
you
do
at
that
hard
time?
在那么个艰难时刻你又能做什么呢?
三、一般过去的用法:
1.过去:带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时。如:yesterday(昨天)、two
days
ago…(两天前……
)、
last
year…(去年…)、the
other
day(前几天)、once
upon
a
time(很久以前)、
just
now(刚才)、in
the
old
days(过去的日子里)、before
liberation(解放前…)、
When
I
was
8
years
old(当我八岁时…)、at+一个时间点
Did
you
have
a
party
the
other
day?
前几天,你们开了晚会了吗?
Long
long
ago
,
there
lived
a
king
who
loved
drawing.
很久很久以前,有一个喜欢画画的国王。
2.
过去经常:一般过去时表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。
句式:主语+过去动词+宾语+其他
He
smoked
many
cigarettes
a
day
until
he
gave
up.
他没有戒烟的那阵子,抽烟抽得可凶了。
I
liked
collecting
stamps
when
I
was
in
high
school.
我上高中时收集邮票。
Lincoln
liked
to
ask
questions
when
he
was
a
child.
林肯小的时候喜欢问问题。
3.过去将来:在时间、条件状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作
He
promised
to
buy
me
a
dress
when
he
went
abroad
next
week.
他发誓给我买件礼服,他下周出国的时候。
I
would
go
to
buy
something
for
my
sister
if
I
had
time.
我有空了就出去给妹妹买个生日礼物。
4.用“used
to+do”或“would+do”表示过去经常或反
复发生的动作
He
always
used
to
go
to
school
at
7:30.
He
would
get
up
early,go
to
the
fields
to
work.
一般过去的标志词:
1.
yesterday
(morning,afternoon,evening)
2.
the
day
before
yesterday
3.
last
night
(week,Sunday,weekend,month,winter,year,century
世纪)
4.
Ago
  
5.this
morning/afternoon/evening
6.when引导的状语从句(过去时)
  
7.just
now
8.the
other
day
--
a
few
days
ago.
9.
at
the
age
of
10
(过去年龄段)
  
10.
in
the
old
days
词形规则变化:
1.一般动词,词尾加-ed,work—worked
wait—waited
2.以e结尾,词尾加-d,like—liked
live-lived
3.以y结尾,辅音字母+y结尾,去y变i加-ed
study—studied
carry—carried
try—tried
元音字母+y结尾,直接加-ed
stay—stayed
play—played
4.
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读
闭音节词
双写这个辅音字母再加-ed
stop—stopped
plan—planned
drop—dropped
注意:
prefer的过去式和过去分词要先双写末尾辅音字母r,再加-ed,即:prefer—preferred。
travel的过去式和过去分词有两种形式,英国英语双写l再加-ed,美国英语直接加-ed。
例如:travel—travelled或travel—traveled。
一般过去时动词特殊变化:
中间去e尾加
t,
结尾字母
d变t
meet
learn
keep
sleep
send
spend
?遇见i后改为a??




i变
o
Begin,drink,ring,sing,swim,ride
drive
write
rise
想买带来和打仗?
都需要ought
来换上
Think,
buy
bring
fight
教书抓住切莫忘??
要把aught记心上。
Teach,
catch
改ow\aw
为ew
最时尚



不变样
know
grow,
throw,
blow
词形不规则变化:
类型
例词
ABB
bring,buy,fight,think,catch,teach,build,lend,send,spend,lose,smell,
ABA
become,come,run...
ABC
be,do,go,wear,lie,see,begin,drink,ring,sing,swim,drive,
AAA
hit,hurt,let,spit,read,cost,rid,
put,cut...
基础过关
1、
Steven
Spielberg
____his
first
real
film
when
he
was
twelve.
A.makes
B.made
C.will
make
D.was
making
【解析】
B
解析:本题考查的是when引导的时间状语从句。由“when
he
was
twelve”可知应用一般过去时,故选择B。
2.
My
sister
has
worked
as
an
engineer
since
she
____
back
from
the
United
States.
A.came
B.had
come
C.comes
D.has
come
【解析】:本题考查的是since引导的时间状语从句的时态。
since从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时,本题考查的是从句的时态,用一般过去时,故选择A。
3.
Although
he
missed
some
classes,he
____
good
scores
in
the
exam.
A.got
B.will
get
C.gets
D.get
解析:本题考查的是although引导的让步状语从句的时态。根据从句中的“missed”判断主句应用一般过去时表达,故选择A。
4.
?
—Hi.Kate,You
look
tired.What’s
the
matter?
—I
____
well
last
night.
A.didn’t
sleep
B.don’t
sleep
C.haven’t
slept
D.won’t
sleep
解析:本题考查的是一般过去时的否定形式。根据时间状语“last
night(昨晚)”可以判断用一般过去时,故选择A。
5.
—When
____
Jessie
____
to
New
York?
—Yesterday.
A.does;get
B.did;get
C.has;got
D.had;got
【解析】答案为B。本题考查的是时态。根据答语“yesterday(昨天)”可以判断用一般过去时提问,故选择B。
6.
Edward,you
play
so
well.But
I
____
you
played
the
piano.
A.didn’t
know
B.hadn’t
known
C.don’t
know
D.haven’t
known
解析:本题考查的是一般过去时。根据句意“爱德华,你钢琴弹得真好。但是我还不知道你弹钢琴呢。”可知,不知道弹钢琴是过去的事,用一般过去时表达,故选择A。
7.
It
was
great!
I
____
many
old
friends
at
the
partly.
A.meet
B.met
C.am
meeting
解析:本题考查的是时态。根据题干用到的“was”可以判断用一般过去时,met是meet的过去式,用于一般过去时,故选择B。
8.
—Where
____
you
spend
winter
holiday
last
year?
—In
my
hometown.
A.does
B.will
C.did
D.Do
解析:本题考查的是助动词在时态中的运用。根据“last
year”可以判断用一般过去时,did是do的一般过去式,用于一般过去时,故选择C。
能力提高
1.
—what’s
the
best
food
you
have
had
in
Beijing,Alex?
—Roast
duck!
I
____to
a
famous
restaurant
to
have
it
last
week.
A.have
gone
B.go
C.will
go
D.Went
【解析】本题考查的是一般过去时。根据时间状语“last
week(上周)”判断用一般过去时,故选择D。
2.They
____
her
to
the
party,so
she
was
very
happy.
A.invite
B.invited
C.will
invite
D.are
inviting
【解析】:本题考查的是一般过去时。根据题干中的“was”可以判断用一般过去时,故选择B。
3.
He
went
into
his
room,____the
light
and
began
to
work.
A.has
turned
on
B.will
turn
on
C.turns
on
D.turned
on
【解析】:本题考查的是一般过去时。句意为“他进了屋,打开了灯,开始工作”。根据句中went和began可以判断是用一般过去时来表达三个并列的动作,故选择D。
4.
—How
was
your
trip
to
the
ancient
village?
—Fantastic!
We____
to
a
natural
museum
of
strange
stones.
A.go
B.went
C.are
going
D.will
go
【解析】本题考查的是一般过去时。问句用的一般过去时,回答也要用一般过去时,故选B
5
.??
___________??
He
did
some
reading
at
home.
A
What
does
your
father
do
yesterday
evening?
B?
What
does
your
brother
do
in
the
school
C
What
did
your
brother
do
over
the
weekend??
D?
Where
did
your
brother
go
last
Sunday
【解析】根据答语时态为过去时,所以问句也应该用过去时。在CD里面选在。答案说他做了什么,没有说在哪里做。所以答案为C
6.Tom
wasn’t
watch
TV
last
night.
(改错)
【解析】根据时间标志词
last
night.
应用一般过去时。Watch是行为动词。否定时应加助动词did
再加not.
7.I
didn’t
my
homework
yesterday.
【解析】根据时间标志词
yesterday.
应用一般过去时。否定式是加助动词后面的动词还原成原形。该题漏掉了谓语动词
do
8.He
wait
for
you
three
hours
ago.
【解析】时间是three
hours
ago,可知动词的形态应用过去时。
Wait
改成waited
9.He
go
to
school
by
bus
last
week.
【解析】时间状语last
week
可知是一般过去时,结构为主语加过去式go—went.
一般将来时
一般将来时,将要发生事。
谓语不一般,will加动原(动词原形)。
要变疑问句,will放在主语前。
否定句,也不难,will后面not添。
“be
going
to”的用法口诀
be
going
to,
表打算,准备、计划将干。
表可能,有必然,通过现象来推断。
使用它,要注意,疑问形式be提前。
否定句,更简单,not放在be后边。
to之后,动原形,be的形式看人称。
下列词,要注意,come
go和离去(leave)
进行时,表将来,牢牢记住莫忘记。
一般将来的概念:
一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的发生动作或状态,
??一般将来时或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。一般将来时由助动词
shall(第一人称),will(第二、三人称)+动词原形构成。will+V.原
  美国英语则不管什么人称,一律用will。
be
going
to形式可以在任何情况下使用。
  shall

will
常常缩写成
ll
,紧接在主语之后。其否定式
shall
not
和will
not
的缩写式分别为
shan't

won't。
【中考要求】
1.熟练掌握一般将来时的构成和基本用法。
I
will
go
to
visit
Disneyland
next
holiday.
下个假期我将去参观迪士尼乐园。
Tom
and
Mike
will
visit
Mr.Black
tomorrow.
汤姆和迈克明天要去拜访布莱克先生。
They
won't
have
dinner
at
home
tonight.
他们今晚不会在家吃晚饭。
Shall
we
go
for
a
walk?
我们去散步好吗?
一般将来的构成(一): 
肯定句:I/We
shall/will
go.
You/He/She/They
Will
go.
否定句:I/We
shall/will
not
go.
You/He/She/They
Will
not
go.
疑问句:Shall
I/we
go?
Will
you/he/she/they
go?
简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语shall/will
(否)
No,主语
shall/will
not
一般将来的构成是:   
特殊疑问句:一般将来时的特殊疑问句是将特殊疑问词放在句首,后接一般疑问句(就主语提问时,以疑问词who开头的疑问词除外)
  -----
why
will
you
be
here
on
Sunday?
(周日你为什么将要在这儿?)
  -----I
will
have
a
meeting
on
Sunday
(我将要在周日举行一个聚会)
  (对特殊疑问句要进行具体回答)
We
will
have
two
more
classes
after
we
put
up
the
flag.
升完旗我们还有两节课。
否定句:
We
won’t
have
two
more
classes
after
we
put
up
the
flag.
一般疑问句:Will
we
have
two
more
classes
after
we
put
up
the
flag?
对划线部分提问:How
many
classes
will
we
have
after
we
put
up
the
flag?
一般将来的构成(二): 
肯定句:主语+(am,
is
,
are
)+going
to
do
.
否定句:主语+

am,
is
,
are
)+not+
going
to
do
疑问句:
(am,
is
,
are)
主语+going
to
do
简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语
(am,
is
,
are)
(否)
No,主语(am,
is
,
are
)
not
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。
We're
going
to
meet
outside
the
school
gate.
我们打算在校门口见面。
否定句:
We
aren’t
going
to
meet
outside
the
school
gate.
一般疑问句:
Are
we
going
to
meet
outside
the
school
gate?
对划线部分提问:
Where
are
we
going
to
meet
?
There
is
going
to
be
a
football
match
this
afternoon.今天下午将有一场足球赛
否定句:
There
is
not
going
to
be
a
football
match
this
afternoon.
一般疑问句:
Is
there
going
to
be
a
football
match
this
afternoon?
对划线部分提问:
When
is
there
going
to
be
a
football
match?
一般将来的构成(三): 
表示位置转移的动词(如:go,
come,
leave,
start,
arrive等),可用现在进行时表示将来时。如:
1.
Uncle
Wang
is
coming.
王叔叔就要来了。
2.
They're
leaving
for
Beijing.
他们即将前往北京。
一般将来的构成(三): 
 用一般现在时表示
  根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作,在时间和条件状语从句中,都可用一般现在时表示将来时。如:
  1.
The
new
term
starts
(begins)
on
August
29th.
新学期八月二十九日开学。
  2.
If
it
doesn't
rain
tomorrow,
we
will
go
out
for
a
picnic.
如果明天不下雨,我们将出去野餐
一般将来的用法:
1.将来:一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。
例如:I
will(shall)
arrive
tomorrow.
我明天到。
  Will
you
be
free
tonight?
你今晚有空吗?
  We
won’t
(shan’t)
be
busy
this
evening.
我们今晚不忙。
一般将来的用法:
2.表示计划、打算、准备做的事。
例如:
  We
are
going
to
put
up
a
building
here.
我们打算在这里盖一座楼。
  How
are
you
going
to
spend
your
holidays?
假期你准备怎样过?
  b.表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事。例如:
  I
think
it
is
going
to
snow.
我看要下雪了。
一般将来的用法:
3.在“祈使句+and/or+句子”这个结构中,“句子”用
一般将来时。
Use
your
head
and
you
will
find
a
way.
用用脑子你就会找到方法。
Hurry
up
or
we
will
be
late
for
class.
快点否则我们将迟到了。
一般将来的标志词:
tomorrow,
the
day
after
tomorrow,
tomorrow
morning/afternoon/evening
next
year/week/month/hour
in+段时间
in
the
future
this
afternoon/Sunday/evening
from
now
on
one
day,
someday
(未来的)某天
Soon
Be
going
to
和will
的区别:
Be
going
to
表示眼下要发生的事,will表示
的将来时间则较远一些:
He
is
going
to
write
a
letter
tonight.
他今天晚上将写封信。
He
will
write
a
book
one
day.
他终有一天会出本书。
Be
going
to
和will
的区别:
2.
Be
going
to
表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,
will
表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
He
is
seriously
ill,
he
is
going
to
die.
他病的很严重,他快死了。
He
will
be
twenty
years
old.
他将20岁了。
Be
going
to
和will
的区别:
3.
Be
going
to
表示计划的意思,
will
表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
she
is
going
to
lend
us
her
books.
她计划借给我她的书。
I
will
tell
you
the
truth
if
you
promise
not
to
tell
others.
如果你发誓不告诉其他人的话我愿意告诉你实情。
Be
going
to
和will
的区别:
4.
问对方是否愿意或客气的
邀请或命令
Will
you
please
close
the
window?
关上窗户好吗?
Will
you
go
with
us?
你愿意跟我一起去吗?
Be
going
to
和will
的区别:
5.
在时间、条件状语从句中,
如果主句是将来时,用will
I
will
come
if
it
doesn’t
rain.
如果明天不下雨我就来。
You
will
call
us
as
soon
as
you
get
to
Hung
Kong.
你一到香港就给我打电话好吗?
过去进行时
过去进行时
主语在句首,was,
were跟其后,
现在分词跟着走,其他成分不可丢。
表示过去动作正进行,
句中应有过去时间点。
一般问句,把be提句前,
否定句式也简单,be后只把not添
【中考要求】
1.熟练掌握动词现在分词的形式。
2.熟练掌握过去进行时构成和基本用法。
过去进行时的概念:表示在过去的某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。
其形式为was/were+v-ing形式
,常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如last
night,
last
Saturday等;或者与when,
while,
as
引导的状语从句连用。
Mary
was
making
a
dress
when
she
cut
her
finger.
玛丽正在做衣服的时候割伤了手指。
As
she
was
reading
the
newspaper,
Granny
fell
asleep.
在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。
3.
I
was
doing
my
homework
when
my
mother
came
home
.
昨天妈妈回来的时候我在写作业。
过去进行时的构成是:
1.
过去进行时由“主语+was/were
+
现在分词”构成
We
were
having
supper
when
the
phone
rang.
我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。
What
were
you
doing
at
nine
last
night?
昨晚九点时,你在做什么?
--I
called
you
yesterday
afternoon
but
there
was
no
answer.
昨天下午我打电话给你,但是没有人接电话。
--I
was
visiting
a
friend
of
mine
most
of
the
afternoon.
我昨天下午大部分时间,都在一个朋友家里。
过去进行时的构成是:  
2.
过去进行时的否定式由“主语+was/were
not
+现在分词”构成
This
time
yesterday
Jack
was
not
watching
TV.
He
was
repairing
his
bike.
昨天这个时候,杰克不是在看电视,而是在修理自行车?
I
wasn’t
calling
anybody
at
eight
o’clock
yesterday
evening.
我昨天八点的时候没有跟任何人打电话。
It
wasn’t
raining
at
all
when
I
finished
my
class
last
time.
我上完课的时候天已经不下雨了。
过去进行时的构成是:  
3.
过去进行时的疑问式由“was/were
+
主语+
现在分词”构成
Were
you
playing
basketball
at
four
yesterday
afternoon?
昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗?
Were
you
doing
some
cleaning
at
that
time?
那会儿你正在打扫房间吗?
Were
the
children
watching
their
favorite
cartoon
yesterday
evening?
孩子们昨天看他们最喜欢的动画片了吗?
过去进行时的用法:
1.过去正在:过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
He
fell
asleep
while
he
was
reading.
他看书时睡着了。
My
parents
were
watching
TV
at
eight
yesterday.
我的父母昨天晚上八点钟正在看电视。
--Did
you
see
a
man
in
black
pass
by
just
now?
--
Sorry,
I
was
reading
newspaper
你看到一个穿黑衣服的男人从这经过吗?
对不起我刚刚在看报纸,没注意。
过去进行时的用法:
2.
过去一段:当句中出现的时间状语是those
days,
in
those
time,
等时,如果句子所要表达的意义是在那一阶段正在发生的事,则动词应用过去进行时。
Those
days
people
were
living
a
hard
life.
那段时间人们的生活很艰苦。
I
was
learning
French
in
Paris
that
year.
那一年我在巴黎学习英语。
过去进行时的用法:
3.用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。
I
was
wondering
if
you
could
give
me
a
lift.
我不知你能否让我搭一下车。
一般过去时也有类似用法,但比较而言,用过去进行时显得更客气,更不肯定。
过去进行时的用法:
4.
情感:过去进行时表示感彩与现在进行时相似,过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感彩,也通常与
always,
forever,
continually等副词连用。
They
were
always
quarrelling.
他们老是吵架。
He
was
always
failing
to
pass
English
tests.
他过去总挂科。
5.一个长动作正在进行的时候一个新的动作突然发生。
过去进行时可用来引出一个新的动作,这种用法颇有点儿像镜头转换。
把长动作做主句,短动作为从句时用when
来引导。
I
was
riding
to
school
when
I
saw
an
accident
happening.
我正在骑车上学的时候突然看到一个事故发生了。
把短动作作主语,长动作做背景的时候用when和while都行,多用while
引导。
I
saw
an
accident
happing
while
I
was
ridding
to
school.
He
was
talking
and
laughing
when
he
fainted.
He
fainted
while
he
was
talking
and
laughing.
他正在有说有笑的时候突然晕了过去。
She
was
shopping
when
she
found
her
wallet
missing.
She
found
her
wallet
missing
while
she
was
shopping.
她正在购物时突然发现她的钱包丢了。
6.过去进行时还可以表示两个长动作并列发生。
这是用while
引导,主从句都用过去进行时。
Some
students
were
playing
football
while
others
were
running
round
the
track.
一些学生在踢足球,同时别的学生正在跑道上跑步
The
teacher
was
explaining
carefully
while
the
students
were
listening
attentively.
老师正在认真的讲解同学正在聚精会神地听课。
As
the
mother
was
looking
for
her
child,
the
thief
was
transporting
him
to
another
city.
当妈妈正在四处找自己的孩子的时候,
人贩子正在把他运到另外
一个城市。
when
和while的用法区别
  两者的区别如下:
①when是at
or
during
the
time
that,
既指时间点,也可指一段时间;
因此when可引导终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词,
while是during
the
time
that,只指一段时间,而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。
②when
说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时,也可以是先后发生;
while
则强调两个动作同时发生。
when
和while的用法区别
  两者的区别如下:
③由when引导的时间状语从句,主句用过去进行时,从句应用一般过去时;
如果两句都用过去进行时的时候,多用while引导,
如:
  a.
When
the
teacher
came
in,
we
were
talking.
  当此句改变主从句的位置时,
则为:
  While
we
were
talking,
the
teacher
came
in.
注意:过去进行时和一般过去时的区别
1、一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成,而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。(延续性动词)
She
wrote
a
letter
to
her
friend
last
night.
她昨晚给朋友写了封信。
(信写完了)
She
was
writing
a
letter
to
her
friend
last
night.
她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。
(信不一定写完)
2、一般过去时表示只做一次动作,而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。(短暂性动词)
  She
waved
to
me.
她朝我挥了挥手。
She
was
waving
to
me
there.
她一直站在那向我挥手。
注意:过去进行时和一般过去时的区别
3.句中有a
moment
ago之类的短语一般用一般过去时。
She
left
just
10
minutes
ago.
她十分钟前刚走的。
过去进行时的用法:
 注意:过去进行时和一般过去时的区别
4、句中有at
this
time
last
Sunday,
from
8
to
9
yesterday
之类的状语一般用过去进行时。
He
was
watching
TV
from
8
to
9
last
night.
昨天晚上8点到9点他正在看电视。
He
was
doing
exercise
at
this
time
last
Sunday.
上周六这个时间他正在做运动。
不用于进行时的动词
  感官动词:hear,
see,
notice,
feel,
taste……
  表示态度感情的动词:like,
love,
hate……
  表心理状态:feel,
want,
prefer……
  表占有:own,
have,……
  表存在状态和持续:look,
owe,
be……
过去进行时的标志词:
this
morning,
the
whole
morning,
all
day
,yesterday,
from
nine
to
ten
last
evening,
when,
while
,at
that
time,
at
this
time
yesterday
when,
while
引导的状语从句
词形变化:
(1)直接在谓语动词后加ing.
例如:going,
starting,
working,
looking.
(2)去掉词尾不发音的e,再加ing.
例如
leaving,
making,
coming,
writing.
注意:如果单词结尾的e发音,则不能去掉,也直接加ing.
例如:see
-seeing/agree
-
agreeing
.
(3)
对于重读闭音节词,双写末尾字母再加ing.
例如:sitting,
beginning,
getting,putting.
这一条规律,必须要弄清什么是“重读闭音节”。下面再举
一些双写的例子:
  
run

running
  stop
-
stopping
cut

cutting
  
control
-
controlling
(4)
以ie
结尾的把ie
变y
加ing.
Lie-lying
die—dying
tie-
tying
现在完成时
现在完成时
完成时,很简单;
have,
has
再加done.
I,
you,
we,
they
用have;
其他has把身现。
否定not
加其后;
疑问句里提向前。
如果要把时间加;since一点,for一段。
强调完成有不同;
yet,already句中添。
yet否定,疑问见;already表示“已做完”。
never,ever表经历;用在过去分词前,
never本身表否定;ever“曾经”句意全。
【中考要求】
熟练掌握动词过去分词的形式。
2.熟练掌握现在完成时的构成和基本用法。
3.初步掌握延续性动词和瞬间动词在用法上的区别。
现在完成的概念:
现在完成时(present
perfect)
过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果,过去一段时间发生一直延续到现在并有可能延续到将来的动作或状态。
I
have
lost
my
wallet.
我把钱包丢了。
You
have
learned
English
for
eight
years.
你们已经学习英语八年了。
I
have
been
to
Paris
twice.
我到过巴黎两次。
现在完成的构成: 
构成:主语
+
have/has
+
过去分词
+
其他。(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。
否定式:主语
+
haven't/hasn't
+
过去分词
+
其他。
疑问式:
Have
/Has
+
主语
+
过去分词
+
其他?
简略答语:
Yes,
主语
+
have/has.(肯定)
    No,
主语
+
haven't/hasn't.(否定)
The
students
have
already
finished
the
work.
学生们已经完成了这项工作。(肯定句)
I
haven't
been
to
Shanghai
before.
我以前没去过上海。(否定句)
Has
Jim
come
yet?
占姆已经来了吗?(一般疑问句)
Yes,
he
has.
No,
he
hasn’t
The
students
have
already
finished
the
work.
学生们已经完成了这项工作。(肯定句)
I
haven't
been
to
Shanghai
before.
我以前没去过上海。(否定句)
Has
Jim
come
yet?
占姆已经来了吗?(一般疑问句)
Yes,
he
has.
No,
he
hasn’t
按要求改写下列各句:
4.They
have
bought
a
computer.(改成否定句)
They
haven’t
bought
a
computer.
5.He
has
lost
his
book.
(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)
--Has
he
lost
his
book?
--Yes,
he
has.
现在完成的用法:
1.延续:过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,只用于某些带有延续意义的动词,常与
since,for连用
I
have
taught
in
this
school
for
10
years.
我在这个学校已经教了10年学了。
The
Greens
have
lived
in
Beijing
since
they
moved
to
Beijing
from
Paris.
格林一家自从巴黎搬来后就一直住在北京
Mary
has
been
ill
for
three
days.
玛丽病了三天了。
Since

for
的用法区别
 
①for+时段
为…时间
  ②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来)
  ③since+时段+ago
  ④since+从句(过去时)
  ⑤It
is+时段+since+从句(过去时)
 注:瞬间动词(buy,
die,
join,
lose……)不能直接与for
since
连用。
现在完成的用法:
2.影响:发生在过去,但对现在仍有
影响的动作,
有因果关系
—Have
you
ever
spoken
to
a
foreigner?
—No,
never.
你曾经跟外国人说过话吗?
不,从没有。
I
have
spent
all
of
my
money.
现在我没有钱花了.
现在完成的用法:
2.影响:发生在过去,但对现在仍有
影响的动作,
有因果关系
Jane
has
laid
the
table.
简已经摆好了桌子
Michael
has
been
ill.
现在仍然很虚弱。
He
has
returned
from
abroad.
现在已在此地。
现在完成的用法:
3.经验:
在过去发生过一次或多次的动作,
已成为某种经验
We
have
been
to
the
Great
Wall
four
times.
我去过长城4次了。
All
of
us
have
heard
of
this
story.
我们都听过这个故事。
关于瞬间动词的记忆口诀
现在完成在瞬间;非延只连时间点;终止需转换;否定方可碰一段。
注:1.瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词,还叫终止性动词。瞬间动词可以有现在完成时态,
但不可以接一段时间,若要接一段时间,须要做一些相应的变换。
延续性动词与瞬间动词的用法
①延续性动词与瞬间从此的比较
?
延续性动词
瞬间动词
定义
表示动作能够持续发生一段时间的动词。
表示一个动作刚刚发生即告结束。
例词
be,have,know,work,live,wear;wait,study,
walk,teach,sleep等
come,go,arrive,reach,see,hear,close,leave,start,lose,fall,lend,
buy等
共同点
都能用于现在完成时,表示动作到现在为止已结束。
不同点
可以与表示一段时间的状语连用
不可以和表示一段时间的状语连用
瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。
例如:I
haven't
seen
you
for
a
long
time.
好久没见到你了。
I
haven’t
left
Beijing
for
a
long
time.
我有一段时间没有离开北京了。
I
haven’t
gone
out
for
a
whole
week.
我一周都没有出去(宅在家里)
②瞬间动词的转化
瞬间动词与表示一段时间的状语连用时可将瞬间动词转化为相应的延续性动词。也可以用句型“it
is+-段时间+since从句”表示,从句中的谓语动词用瞬间动词的过去式。
例如:
电影已经开映5分钟了。
The
film
has
been
on
for
five
minutes.
It’s
five
minutes
since
the
film
began.
③瞬间动词与相应的延续性动词转换表
瞬间动词
延续性动词
buy
have
borrow
keep
begin/start
be
on
finish
be
over
put
on
wear
瞬问动词
延续性动词
close
be
closed
come
be
here
die
be
dead
get
up
be
up
arrive
be
瞬间动词
延续性动词
open
be
open
fall
asleep
be
asleep
lose
not
have
wake
up
be
awake
join
be(in)
leave/go
be
away
现在完成的标志词:
影响时:
already,
yet
,
still
延续性:
since,
for,
so
far
经验:
ever,
never,
once
,
twice,
three
times
现在完成时的词形变化
规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:
(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“
ed
”。
  work---worked---worked
,visit---visited---visited
(2)、以“
e
”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“
d
”。
  live---lived---lived
,
leave-leaved
(3)、以“辅音字母
+
y
”结尾的动词,将
"y"
变为
"i"
,再加“
ed
”。
  study---studied---studied
,cry---cried---cried
(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“
ed
”。
  stop---stopped---stopped
,
drop---dropped--dropped
一般过去时不规则动词变化:
中间去e尾加
t,
结尾字母
d变t
meet
learn
keep
sleep
send
spend
?遇见i后改为a??




i变
o
Begin,drink,ring,sing,swim,ride
drive
write
rise
想买带来和打仗?
都需要ought
来换上
Think,
buy
bring
fight
教书抓住切莫忘??
要把aught记心上。
Teach,
catch
改ow\aw
为ew
最时尚



不变样
know
grow,
throw,
blow
put
let
read
词形不规则变化:
类型
例词
ABB
bring,buy,fight,think,catch,teach,build,lend,send,spend,lose,smell,
ABA
become,come,run...
ABC
be,do,go,wear,lie,see,begin,drink,ring,sing,swim,drive,
AAA
hit,hurt,let,spit,read,cost,rid,
put,cut...
一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
(1)、一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式,而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“主语+
have/
has
+
动词(V.)的过去分词”。
过去时,强调动作;现在完成时,强调影响。

A:Have
you
seen
the
film
?
 B:Did
you
see
the
film
?
  分析:你看过这部电影吗?

A
)句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解;

B
)句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过,并不强调是否知道其内容。
(2)
、一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如:
yesterday,
last
week
,
two
years
ago
,just
now
,in
2002
等;而现在完成时则常与
just
,already
,ever
,never
等副词和
these
days
,this
week
,since
......,
for
......
等表示一段时间的状语连用。
  A:He
has
lived
in
Beijing
for
8
years
.
  B:He
lived
in
Beijing
8
years
ago.

A
)句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了
8
年,可能还会继续在北京住下去。

B
)句讲的是他8
年前在北京住
,现在已经不在北京了
(3)现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果,一般过去时说明某个动作发生在过去。
比:I
have
washed
the
car.
我洗过了车。(看上去很漂亮)
I
washed
the
car
a
moment
ago. 
我刚才洗过车了。
I
have
already
had
lunch. 
我已经吃完午饭了(不需要你请客了)
I
had
lunch
at
12o’clock. 
我12点吃晚饭了。
(你可以再请我吃点)
(4)现在完成时表示的动作或状态延续到现在并可能延续下去,而一般过去时则单纯表示过去某段时间内的经历。
比:It
has
rained
for
five
hours.
雨已经下了5个小时了。
It
rained
for
five
hours
yesterday. 
昨天下了5个小时的雨。
He
has
waited
for
her
for
two
hours.
他等她已经两个小时了。
He
waited
for
her
two
hours
and
then
went
home. 
他等她等了两个小时,然后就回家了。
基础过关
1、
—What
a
beautiful
watch!
Is
it
new?
—No,I
have
____
it
for
2
years.
A.had
B.sold
C.borrowed
D.Bought
【解析】本题考查的是延续性动词与瞬间动词的区别。瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,sell,borrow,buy均为瞬间动词,只有have是延续性动词,故选择A。
2—How
long
have
you
____
this
book?
—For
three
days.
A.borrowed
B.kept
C.lent
D.Bought
【解析】本题考查的是延续性动词与瞬间动词的用法区别。与how
long搭配使用的动词应是延续性动词,
borrow,lend,buy均为瞬间动词,只有keep是延续性动词,故选择B。
3.
Are
you
going
to
help
John
with
his
Chinese
this
evening?
—No.He
____
to
England.He
will
be
back
next
month.
A.returned
B.has
returned
C.returns
D.will
return
【解析】本题考查的是现在完成时。句意为“你今晚打算帮助约翰学汉语吗?”“不,他已经回英国了。下个月才会回来。”应用现在完成时表达他现在已经返回英国,故选择B。
基础过关
4.
?
—Where
is
your
father,
Leo?
—He
is
in
Hainan
on
vacation.
He
____
for
two
weeks.
A.has
been
away
B.has
left
C.has
gone
D.Left
【解析】本题考查的是瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换。瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,leave,go均为瞬间动词,要把它们转换成延续性动词才能与for
two
weeks搭配使用。leave转换成延续性动词为be
away,故选择A
5.
Amy
____
in
the
town
since
she
moved
here
in
2005.
A.lived
B.was
living
C.has
lived
D.will
live
【解析】本题考查的是现在完成时。根据时间状语“since
she
moved
here
in
2005(自从她2005年搬到这里)”可以判断用现在完成时,故选择C。
6.
—Oh,Miss
Smith,your
watch
looks
nice.Is
it
new?
—No,I
____
it
for
two
years.
A.have
had
B.will
have
C
had
D.Have
【解析】本题考查的是现在完成时。根据时间状语“for
two
years”判断用现在完成时,故选择A。
7.
I’m
so
glad
to
see
you
back
in
Beijing
and
how
long____
in
New
York?
A.have
you
stayed
B.did
you
stay
C.do
you
stay
D.will
you
stay
【解析】本题考查的是根据情景选择时态。根据句意“我很高兴在北京看到你,你在纽约待了多长时间?”可以知道“你”现在在北京,在纽约已是过去的事了,用一般过去时表达,故选择B。
8.—Where
is
your
mother.Mike?
—She
to
the
supermarket.She
will
come
back
soon.
A.has
gone
B.went
C.has
been
D.will
go
【解析】本题考查的是have
been
to与have
gone
to的区别。have
been
to表示“人去过某地,现在已回来”;have
gone
to表示“人去了某地,现在还没回来”。根据题干“她很快就回来”可以判断“她”去了某地还没回来,故选择A。
能力提高
1.
—I
am
here
to
see
Mr.Andrews.
—I’m
afraid
you
can’t
see
him
here
any
more.He____.
A.leaves
B.left
C.will
leave
D.has
left
【解析】:本题考查的是现在完成时。现在完成时表达的是过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响。根据句意“他已经离开”,对现在的影响是“恐怕你在这里再也看不到他了”。用现在完成时,故选择D。
2.
—How
long
____
Korean
singer
Jang
Nara____
China?
—For
years.She
can
speak
and
sing
in
Chinese.
A.does;go
to
B./:was
in
C.has;been
to
D.has;been
in
【解析】本题考查的是have
been
to与have
been
in的区别。have
been
in表示在某地的状态,have
been
to强调去过某地,人已经回来了,另外have
been
to不能与how
long搭配使用,故选择D。
3.
My
sister
has
worked
as
an
engineer
since
she
____
back
from
the
United
States.
A.came
B.had
come
C.comes
D.has
come
【解析】本题考查的是since引导的时间状语从句的时态。
since从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时,本题考查的是从句的时态,用一般过去时,故选择A。
4.
—Jack.I
haven’t
seen
your
brother
for
a
long
time.
—He
____
Shanghai
on
business
for
two
month.
A.went
to
B.has
gone
to
C.has
been
in
D.has
been
to
【解析】本题考查的是have
been
to,have
been
in与have
gone
to的用法区别。句意为“杰克,我很长时间没看见你哥哥了。”“他在上海出差两个月了。”have
been
in表示“在某地”,强调状态,have
been
to强调“人去过某地已经回来了”,have
gone
to表示“人去了某地,强调不在说话的地点”,不与表示时间段的状语搭配使用,故选择C。
5.
—Good
evening
.I
____
to
see
Miss
Mary.
—Oh,good
evening.I’m
sorry,but
she
is
not
in.
A.have
come
B.come
C.came
D.had
come
【解析】本题考查的是现在完成时的用法。句意为“晚上好,我来这是拜访玛丽小姐的。”指出人已经在这,过去的动作对现在产生的影响,来这是拜访玛丽,应该用现在完成时,故选择A。
6.他们已去了美国五年了。
They
have
been
in
the
USA
for
five
years.
【解析】has
been
to
,has
gone
to
都不能与表示一段的时间状语连用。
要用的话需换成have
been
in
或have
been
away.
7.他们已经结婚10年。
They
have
been
married
for
ten
years.
【解析】marry
是一个瞬间动词,不能与一段时间连用。
要变成be
married
这种状态之后才能与时间段连用。
8.
我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。
My
sister
has
been
a
university
student
for
three
years.
【解析】变成become是一个瞬间动词,可以用现在完成时,但不可与一段时间连用。Be
a
student
可以。