人教（新课标）高中英语必修第二册Unit3Computers -SectionⅠWarming Up&Reading学案

Unit
3　Computers
Using
apps
to
protect
teens,
kids
online
Most
kids
have
cellphones
or
tablets
(平板)
and
are
texting
or
using
social
media
all
the
time.
Experts
say
that
parents
should
use
apps
to
watch
out
for
their
children's
online
activities.
According
to
a
survey,
70
percent
of
US
teens
carry
cellphones,
and
Russ
Warner,
the
CEO
of
Net
Nanny,
is
in
the
business
of
protecting
kids
online.
His
best
advice
to
parents
is
to
know
what
is
out
there
and
to
plan
in
advance.
“Put
a
plan
into
place
because
kids
like
to
feel
protected，”
Warner
said.
“They
like
to
feel
like
Mom
or
Dad
is
helping.”
According
to
another
study,
almost
90
percent
of
children
have
seen
cyber
bullying
(网络欺凌)
in
the
last
year.
However,
Warner
said
only
50
percent
of
parents
talk
with
kids
about
avoiding
these
experiences.
“That
means
the
other
half
don't
and
that's
a
problem，”
he
said.
Warner
often
speaks
to
parent
groups
concerned
about
keeping
their
teens
safe,
“Oftentimes
(时常地)
if
we
can't
control
or
we
don't
understand
something,
we
avoid
it
and
we
can't
do
that
anymore.”
He
said
parents
need
to
talk
to
their
children
about
online
danger,
and
then
they
need
to
use
safety
software.
Parents
should
know
who
is
trying
to
communicate
with
their
children
and
what
they
are
watching
online.
Warner
added
parents
also
need
to
understand
phone
settings
(设置).
iPhone
settings
come
with
restrictions
(限制)
that
are
easy
to
set.
Parents
can
enable
restrictions
with
a
code
that
they
know,
and
their
child
does
not.
Parents
can
also
set
phones
to
not
allow
apps
to
be
downloaded
without
a
passcode.
开户快乐学习之旅
如何保护青少年上网安全已成为人们普遍关注的问题，“网络保姆”的总裁就此提出了自己的看法
Section
Ⅰ　Warming
Up
&
Reading
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．calculate
vt.
计算
2．universal
adj.
普遍的；通用的；宇宙的
3．simplify
vt.
简化
simple
adj.
简单的
4．logical
adj.
合逻辑的；合情理的
logically
adv.
逻辑上；合逻辑地；有条理地
5．technology
n.
工艺；科技；技术
technological
adj.
科技的
6．intelligence
n.
智力；聪明；智能
intelligent
adj.
智能的；聪明的
7．solve
vt.
解决；解答
8．reality
n.
真实；事实；现实
real
adj.
真实的
9．personal
adj.
私人的；个人的；亲自的
personally
adv.
就个人而言；亲自
10．total
adj.
总的；整个的；n.
总数；合计
totally
adv.
完全地；整个地
11．application
n.
应用；用途；申请
12．explore
vt.
&
vi.
探索；探测；探究
13．anyhow
adv.
(也作anyway)无论如何；即使如此
14．goal
n.
目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．have
in
common　　　　　有共同之处
2．compare...with...
把……与……相比较
3．from...on
从……时起
4．go
by
(时间)流逝；超过；经过
5．as
a
result
结果
6．so...that...
如此……以至于……
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．before引导时间状语从句
I
developed
very
slowly
and
it
took
nearly
two
hundred
years
before
I
was
built
as
an
analytical
machine
by
Charles
Babbage.
我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。
2．as引导时间状语从句
As
time
went
by,
I
was
made
smaller.
随着时间的推移，我被制造得更小了。
3．不定式作表语
Anyhow,
my
goal
is
to
provide
humans
with
a
life
of
high
quality.
不管怎样，我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。
课文预读
我是谁？
[第1段译文]
随着时间的推移我已经被改变了很多。1642年我在法国诞生时是一台计算机器。尽管当时我很年轻，但是我能简化一些复杂的数学题。我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。在操作员用穿孔卡为我设计程序后，我能够进行逻辑“思考”，并且能够比任何人更快地算出答案。那时这被当作一次技术革命，也是我“人工智能”的开始。在1936年，我真正的父亲艾伦·图灵写了一本书，讲述了怎样使我成为一台“通用机器”来解决任何数学难题。从那时起，我在体积和脑容量方面迅速成长。到20世纪40年代，我已经长得像一间屋子那么大，我不知道我是否还会长得更大。但是，这个现实也使得我的设计者很担心。随着时间的推移，我被做得更小了。自20世纪70年代以来，我一直被用在办公室和家庭里，先是用作个人电脑，后来又做成便携式电脑。
[第2～3段译文]
这些变化只有随着我的存储能力的不断提高才成为可能。最初是被存储到电子管中，以后是晶体管上，后来是非常小的芯片上。因此，我已经完全改变了我的形状。随着我的年龄越来越大，我也变得越来越小。随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，我从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情！我的存储容量变得如此巨大，连我自己都不能相信！但是我总是孤孤单单地站在那里，直到20世纪60年代初，他们才给了我一个用网络连接的家庭。我能够通过万维网和其他人分享我的知识。
从20世纪70年代起，我又被开发出了很多新的用途。我在通信、金融和贸易领域变得非常重要。我还被放在机器人里面，被用来制作移动电话，并且用来帮助做医疗手术。我甚至还被放置在航空火箭里去探测月球和火星。不管怎样，我的目标是给人类提供高质量的生活。现在我充满了幸福，因为我是人类忠实的朋友并时时给他们提供帮助！
课文理解
Ⅰ.课文判断正(T)误(F)
1．Alan
Turing
built
an
analytical
machine
to
solve
any
mathematical
problem.(　F　)
2．People
began
to
realize
that
the
computer
got
cleverer
and
quicker
with
time
passing
by.(　T　)
3．The
computer
wasn't
able
to
share
knowledge
with
others
through
the
World
Wide
Web
until
in
the
1970s
they
gave
it
a
family
connected
by
a
network.(　F　)
4．Since
the
1970s,
the
computer
was
used
by
people
around
the
world
through
the
Internet.(　T　)
5．The
larger
the
computer
is,
the
more
memory
it
has.(　F　)
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．“I”
in
the
passage
refers
to
.
A．a
TV
set　　　　　　　
B．a
computer
C．a
radio
D．the
Internet
答案：B
2．How
old
is
the
computer?
A．Over
370
years
old.
B．About
270
years
old.
C．About
170
years
old.
D．About
470
years
old.
答案：A
3．When
was
the
computer
the
biggest?
A．In
1642.
B．In
1936.
C．In
the
1940s.
D．In
the
1970s.
答案：C
4．What
happened
to
the
computer
in
the
1960s?
A．It
was
put
into
robots
and
used
to
make
mobile
phones.
B．It
was
given
a
family
connected
by
a
network.
C．It
began
to
be
used
in
the
offices.
D．It
began
to
be
put
into
space
rockets.
答案：B
5．Which
is
the
right
order
according
to
time?
a．The
computer
was
connected
with
other
computers.
b．Alan
Turing
wrote
a
book
about
the
computer.
c．The
computer
has
been
sent
to
explore
the
Moon
and
Mars.
d．The
computer
began
to
simplify
difficult
sums.
A．a，b，c，d
B．b，c，a，d
C．d，a，c，b
D．d，b，a，c
答案：D
Ⅲ.课文难句分析
1．After
I
was
programmed
by
an
operator
who
used
cards
with
holes,
I
could
“think”
logically
and
produce
an
answer
quicker
than
any
person.
[句式分析]　此句为复合句，after引导时间状语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰operator。
[自主翻译]　在操作员用穿孔卡为我设计程序之后，我能够进行逻辑“思考”，并且能够比任何人更快地算出答案。
2．Over
time
my
memory
has
developed
so
much
that,
like
an
elephant,
I
never
forget
anything
I
have
been
told!
[句式分析]　此句为复合句，so...that...引导结果状语从句；I
have
been
told为定语从句，修饰anything省略了关系代词that。
[自主翻译]　随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，以至于我从来不会忘记被告知的任何事情！
3．But
I
was
always
so
lonely
standing
there
by
myself,
until
in
the
early
1960s
they
gave
me
a
family
connected
by
a
network.
[句式分析]　本句中standing
there
by
myself为v.－ing形式作伴随状语；until引导时间状语从句；connected
by
a
network为过去分词短语作后置定语。
[自主翻译]　但是我总是孤孤单单地站在那里，直到20世纪60年代初，他们才给了我一个用网络连接的家庭。
1
(1)be
calculated
to
do
sth.(＝be
intended/designed
to
do
sth.)　　　　　　　　　　　打算/故意/可能做某事
(2)calculate
on
sth./doing
sth.(＝depend/rely
on
sth.)
指望或依靠某事物
It
has
been
calculated
that...
据估算……
(3)calculation
n.
计算，推算
calculator
n.
计算器，计算者
[即学即用]
(1)We
haven't
really
calculated
the
cost
of
the
vacation
yet.
我们还没有确切地计算出度假的费用。
(2)Scientists
have
calculated
that
the
world's
population
will
double
by
the
end
of
the
century.
科学家已推算出世界人口在本世纪末将要增加一倍。
(3)We
can't
calculate
on
having
good
weather
for
the
barbecue.
我们不能指望着有好天气才去烧烤。
(4)This
kind
of
computer
is
calculated
to
serve
the
office
work.
这种计算机是为服务于办公室工作而设计的。
(5)By
his
calculation,
it
could
save
airlines
hundreds
of
millions
of
dollars
a
year.
经过他的测算，这种方法每年可以为航空公司节约数亿美元的开销。
2
(教材P18)In
1936
my
real
father,
Alan
Turing,
wrote
a
book
about
how
I
could
be
made
to
work
as
a
“universal
machine”
to
solve
any
difficult
mathematical
problem.
在1936年，我真正的父亲，艾伦·图灵写了一本书，讲述了怎样能使我成为一台“通用机器”来解决任何数学难题。
solution
n．　　　　解决办法；处理手段
a
solution
to
sth.
……的解决方法
[即学即用]
(1)With
the
help
of
his
friends,
he
finally
solved
the
problem.
在朋友们的帮助下，他终于解决了问题。
(2)Interestingly,
it
was
an
inexperienced
young
man
who
came
up
with
a
solution
to
the
problem.
有趣的是，是一个毫无经验的年轻人想出了这个问题的解决方法。
(3)The
two
countries
don't
agree
with
each
other
on
some
issues,
which
needs
to
be
solved.
这两个国家在一些问题上意见不一致，这一点需要解决。
(4)We
should
try
to
find
a
lasting
solution
to
smog.
我们应该试图找到解决雾霾问题的持久方案。
(5)With
all
the
problems
solved,
he
would
have
nothing
to
worry
about.
随着所有的问题都解决了，他没什么可担心的。
3
(教材P18)Since
the
1970s
many
new
applications
have
been
found
for
me.
自从20世纪70年代以来，人们在我的身上发现了很多新的用途。
(1)an
application
form　　申请表
make
an
application
(to
sb.)
for
sth.
(向某人)申请某物
(2)apply
v.
应用；适用；申请，请求
apply...to...把……涂到……；把……应用到……
apply
to
适用于……
apply
oneself
to...
致力于……；集中精力于……
apply
(to
sb.)
for
(向某人)申请/请求……
[即学即用]
(1)When
should
I
make
an
application
if
I
expect
to
enter
the
university?
如果我想上大学，应该在什么时候提出申请？
(2)The
Chinese
government
has
applied
itself
to
fighting
corruption.
中国政府一直致力于反腐斗争。
(3)Up
to
now,
we
have
received
thousands
of
applications
from
around
the
world.
到目前为止，我们已经收到了来自世界各地的数千份申请。
(4)I'd
rather
you
didn't
apply
for
that
position.
You're
really
unsuitable
for
the
job.
我宁愿你没有申请那个职位。你真的不适合那份工作。
(5)Pupils
in
this
school
practised
applying
what
they
had
learnt
to
anti－violence
exercises.
这所学校的学生练习把所学的东西应用到反对暴力的演习中。
4
(教材P18)Anyhow,
my
goal
is
to
provide
humans
with
a
life
of
high
quality.
不管怎样，我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。
[归纳拓展]
(1)anyway和anyhow“无论如何，不管怎样；总之；尽管如此”。在作此类意思讲时，anyway和anyhow一样，都用作让步状语，一般置于句中(其前常有连词but)或句末。
(2)anyway和anyhow“况且，更何况，再说，至少”。作此类意思讲时，两者都可用来作状语，对前面的话进行补充，给出一个令人信服的理由，此时anyhow常出现在句首或最后的分句之首，而不出现在句末。
(3)somehow
adv.以某种方式；用某种方法；不知为什么。
[即学即用]
(1)I
am
not
sure
whether
I
will
have
anything
else
to
do
tomorrow.
Anyhow,
I
will
try
every
possible
means
to
come
to
the
party.
我不确定明天我是否有其他的事要做，但无论如何，我将尽一切可能来参加这个聚会。
(2)He
reflected
that
the
quality
of
the
instruments
was
good
anyway.
他寻思，不管怎样，这些乐器的质量还是不错的。
(3)Somehow,
I
don't
feel
I
can
trust
him.
不知什么缘故，我觉得我不能信任他。
(4)Anyhow/Anyway,
I'd
better
go
now.
无论如何，我得走了。
(5)I'm
afraid
we
can't
come,
but
thanks
for
the
invitation
anyway/anyhow.
我恐怕我们来不了，不过还是要感谢邀请。
5
(教材P18)Anyhow,
my
goal
is
to
provide
humans
with
a
life
of
high
quality.
不管怎样，我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。
score/kick
a
goal
　　
　
　　　得一分/踢进一球
keep
goal
守球门
set
oneself
a
goal
of
doing
sth.为自己确定做某事的目标
achieve/realize/reach
one's
goal
实现目标
one's
life
goal/one's
goal
in
life
生活目标/人生目标
[即学即用]
(1)The
Italian
team
managed
to
kick
a
goal
a
few
minutes
after
the
match
began.
比赛开始后几分钟，意大利队便进了一球。
(2)My
goal
in
life
is
to
help
others.
我的人生目标是帮助他人。
(3)I
set
myself
a
goal
of
becoming
a
part
of
the
school
team.
我给自己设置了一个目标：成为校队的一员。
(4)We
are
confident
that
we
can
reach
that
goal
ahead
of
schedule.
我们坚信可以提前实现那个目标。
(5)You
can't
imagine
what
difficulty
we
had
in
realizing
our
goal.
你无法想象我们在实现我们的目标时有多么困难。
1
from...on从……时起
(教材P18)From
then
on,
I
grew
rapidly
both
in
size
and
in
brainpower.
从那时起，我在体积和脑容量方面迅速成长。
from
now
on
　从今以后
from
then
on
从那时起
from
that
day
on
从那天起
[即学即用]
(1)Please
be
more
careful
when
you
cross
the
street
from
now
on.
从今以后你过马路时要更加小心。
(2)From
that
day
on,
the
ending
of
the
missing
Amber
Room
remains
a
mystery.
从那天起，丢失的琥珀屋的结局仍是一个谜。
2
(教材P18)As
a
result
I
totally
changed
my
shape.
因此，我完全改变了形状。
(1)as
a
result
of　　　由于；作为……的结果
without
result
毫无结果地
(2)result
from...
由……产生(后跟原因)
result
in...
导致；结果(后跟结果)
[即学即用]
(1)As
a
result
of
automobile
pollution,
the
air
quality
in
major
cities
has
been
lowered.
由于汽车污染，各主要城市的空气质量有所降低。
(2)Let
us
hope
that
peace
will
result
from
our
talks.
让我们期望，我们的会谈会带来和平。
(3)The
game
resulted
in
another
victory
for
our
team.
那场比赛为我们队带来了又一次胜利。
[名师点津]　as
a
result单独使用作状语，多位于句首，用逗号隔开；as
a
result
of引起表示原因的短语，位于句首或句末。
1
I
developed
very
slowly
and
it
took
nearly
two
hundred
years
before
I
was
built
as
an
analytical
machine
by
Charles
Babbage.
我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。
(1)It
takes＋时间段＋before＋从句．..表示“过了多久才……”。
①It
took
months
before
we
solved
the
financial
problem
of
our
company.
我们花了几个月的时间才解决了公司的财务问题。
(2)before还常用于下列句型中：
②If
you
miss
this
chance,
it
will
be
years
before
you
get
another
one.
如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。
③It
was
a
long
time
before
she
recovered
from
the
operation.
过了很长一段时间她才从手术中康复。
as意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句。
①As
the
deadline
came
near,
I
worked
harder.
随着截止日期的来临，我工作得更勤奋了。
②As
she
grows
up,
she
becomes
more
beautiful.
随着长大，她变得更漂亮了。
[名师点津]　as是连词，引导时间状语从句，而with是介词，后接名词或代词构成with短语或with复合结构。
③As
spring
comes
(come),
everything
comes
to
life.
→With
spring
coming
(come),
everything
comes
to
life.
随着春天的到来，万物复苏。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．You
should
find
a
new
way
to
simplify
(simplify)
your
lecture.
2．The
solution
to
the
problem
required
many
hours.
3．In
2030,
a
sixth
of
the
country's
potential
work
force
could
be
totally
(total)
uneducated.
4．He
spent
much
of
his
life
exploring
(explore)
the
wildness.
5．We
should
face
the
reality
(real)
bravely
that
we
don't
have
enough
money
for
the
project.
6．It
will
be
half
a
year
before
you
graduate
from
the
school.
7．As
the
final
examination
is
drawing
(draw)
near,
we
are
busy
preparing
for
it.
8．Have
you
filled
in
the
application
(apply)
form
for
a
new
passport?
9．I'm
afraid
I
can't
afford
the
time,
but
thank
you
for
the
invitation
anyhow/anyway.
10．But
personally
(personal),
I
think
it
was
a
great
success.
Ⅱ.选词填空
work
out，
as
a
result，
from
then
on，
in
total，
have
nothing
in
common，
in
reality
1．Jane
and
I
have
nothing
in
common.
That
is
to
say,
we
are
completely
different.
2．I
am
glad
that
things
are
working
out
so
well
for
them.
3．I
often
turn
to
my
classmates
or
teachers
for
help.
As
a
result,
I
have
made
steady
progress
in
my
studies.
4．I
bargained
with
the
boss
over
the
price
of
the
dress.
Finally
I
paid
less
than
200
yuan
in
total
for
it.
5．From
then
on,
he
made
up
his
mind
to
work
hard.
6．In
reality,
my
goal
was
to
set
up
my
own
business.
PAGE