Module 2 Education 模块小结（原卷版+解析版）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Module 2 Education
模块小结
要点1 wear的用法
wear作动词,意为“穿;戴”,其过去式为wore,过去分词为worn。
辨析wear, dress, put on与 be in
wear 意为“穿;戴”,强调“穿着/戴着”的状态,其宾语通常为服装、鞋帽、首饰、眼镜等。
dress 意为“给……穿衣服”,表示穿的动作,其宾语通常是人。常见搭配:dress sb.“给某人穿衣服”(强调动作);dress oneself“给自己穿衣服”。如果表示状态,则用be/get dressed in...“穿着……”。
put on 意为“穿上;戴上”,强调动作,其宾语通常是衣物。宾语为代词时,必须放在put与on之间,且代词用宾格形式。宾语为名词时,放在on的前后均可。反义词组是take off。
be in 意为“穿着”,强调状态,其后接颜色或某种颜色的衣服。
　
例如:
My sister is wearing a pair of sunglasses.我的妹妹戴着一副太阳镜。
My son is too young to dress himself.我的儿子太小,还不能自己穿衣服。
It’s cold outside. Please put on the sweater.外面很冷。请穿上这件毛衣。
Our English teacher is in a red dress.我们的英语老师穿着一条红裙子。
【典例分析】
完成句子
1）你能给婴儿穿衣服吗？
Can you _________the baby
2）她今天穿着一件红色外套。
She ___________________ a red coat today.
3）他穿上他的外套出门去了。
He __________ his coat and went out.
4）你认识那个穿黑衣服的男孩吗？
Do you know the boy who______________ black
5）我的祖父总是戴着眼镜。
My grandpa always___________ a pair of glasses.
6)快穿上衣服，外面很冷。
____________your coat quickly, it’s cold outside.
2.选择填空
1. She hurriedly _______the child and took him downstairs.
A. put on B. wore C. dressed D. had on
2. The child doesn’t need any help. He is old enough to________.
A. put on B. wear C. dress himself
要点2 pass的用法及与past区别
1.pass作动词,意为“及格;通过(考试或检查)”,指在考试或测验中过关。例如:
She was glad to pass the Chinese exam.通过了语文考试,她很高兴。
2.pass作动词,还可意为“传递;经过”。例如:
Pass the book to me, please.请把那本书递给我。
I pass the shop every day.我每天都经过那家商店。
3.pass作名词,意为“及格;入场证;通行证”。例如:
Here is your pass, Mary.玛丽,这是你的入场证。
4.常见pass短语小结:
pass away消失;去世
pass by走过;(时间)逝去
pass on继续下去
pass sth.to sb.=pass sb. sth.把某物递给某人
past
prep. 用作介词意为“超过;到另一侧;晚于;在……之后”。
adv. 经过
n. 名词“过去 往昔“
adj. 作形容词“过去的，从前的”
词组：in the past
另外希望大家能够区分pass和past，前者是动词，而后者则是介词或副词
【典例分析】
一、指出下列各句‘past’的用法
1.I walk past the farm every day on my way to work
2.I will never forget the past days.
3.We can't change the past.
4.It is half past ten.
5.She ran past with a smile.
6.In the past, life was very hard.
二、完成句子
1.他们穿过了森林。
They _________ __________ the forest.
2.他递给我一支笔。
He passed me a pen. = He passed_______ _______ ________ me.
3.当他获得这个消息时，他继续传递给别人。
When he got the message, he _________it _______ ________ others.
三、请用pass和past填空
He ran ________________ the building.
He _____________ him without a word.
四. He ________ by me but didn't notice me.
A．passes B．past C．passed D．goes past
要点3 absent的用法
1.absent作形容词,意为“缺席的;不在场的;茫然的”,既可作定语,也可作表语;其反义词为present,意为“在场的;出席的”。absent作表语时,常用短语为be absent from,意为“缺席;没有到场”;其反义短语是be present at,意为“出席”。例如:
John was absent from the press conference because of his bad cold.约翰因为重感冒缺席了记者招待会。
2.absent作动词,是及物动词,常接反身代词作宾语。表示“做某事缺席”时,其后也接from。例如:
He absented himself from the meeting.他缺席了会议。
3.点名时,若自己在场,用“Here.”或“Present.”回答,意为“到;有”;若自己不在场,旁人可用“Absent.”回答,意为“不在”。
【典例分析】
1.昨天你为什么缺席会议？
Why______________________________ yesterday
2.If you are often 　　　from classes, you may fail in the final examination.
A. absent B. quiet C. active D. silent
3. Today he didn't come to school again. He has been a_________ from classes for a week.（首字母填写单词）
要点4 instead of的用法
1.instead of是短语介词 ,意为“代替;而不是”,其后可以接名词、代词或动名词等。例如:
We will play football instead of swimming.我们要去踢足球,而不是游泳。
2.instead作副词,意为“代替;反而;却”,常用于句尾或句首。若位于句首,常用逗号与后面内容隔开。例如:
She didn’t study. Instead, she played table tennis the whole day.她没有学习。相反,她打了一天乒乓球。
Tom didn’t go to see a film. Instead, he read at home.
【典例分析】
1.根据句意, 选用instead或instead of填空。
1) Mary is going to Shanghai __________Guangzhou.
2) Jack didn’t do his homework. ________, he went to see a film.
3) Ann said nothing. She began to cry ________.
4) I have to do my homework __________ going out.
2.昨晚他待在家里，而没有去看电影
He stayed at home_________ ________ ________ to the cinema last night.
3.她没有玩电脑游戏，而是为考试而学习。
She didn’t play computer games. She studied for the test __________.
4.He didn't answer my question. Instead，he asked me a question.(同义改写)
＝He asked me a question_________ ________ ___________my question.
5. What a nice day！We should go sightseeing ________ watching TV in the hotel.
A．because of　　　 B．instead of C．together with D．instead
6．Miss White doesn't like buying nice clothes. She likes collecting storybooks________.
A．instead　 B．either C．too D．instead of
要点5 none的用法
none作代词,表示全部否定,意为“没有一个;毫无”。
辨析none与neither
none 指“三者或三者以上都不”,既可指代复数可数名词,也可指代不可数名词。作主语时,谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式。其反义词是all“全部”。常用结构为none of...,意为“所有的人(或物)都不”;all of...意为“所有的人(或物)都”。
neither 指“两者都不”,作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。其反义词是both“两者都”。常用结构为neither of...,意为“两者都不”;both of...意为“两者都”。
　　例如:
None of us like/likes swimming.我们中没有人喜欢游泳。
All of us like swimming.我们所有人都喜欢游泳。
Neither of us speaks English.我们两个都不说英语。
Both of us speak English.我们两个都说英语。
both，all，either与neither
★辨析both，all，either与neither
（1）both指“两者都”，可与and搭配。both的反义词是neither，常与nor连用。如：
Both of my parents are teachers.我的父母都是老师。
（2）all指“三者或三者以上全部、都”，反义词是none。
My brothers and I are all at school. 我和我的兄弟们都在上学。
（3）either指“两者中任意一个”，either...or...意思是“或者……或者……”。当它连接并列主语时，谓语动词要与最靠近的主语保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。如：
Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错，就是我错。
（4）neither指“两者都不”，neither...nor...意思是“既不……也不……”。连接并列主语时也遵循“就近原则”。如：
Neither he nor I am well educated. 他和我都没有受过良好的教育。
（5）not only ….. but also 不仅….. 而且
neither……nor 既不…...也不
either…… or 或者….. 或者 要么….. 要么
both……and 既…….又
【典例分析】
1.—Would you like some juice or coffee —________is OK. I really don't care.
A．Both 　 B．Either C．All 　 D．Neither
2. —Would you like some juice or coffee —________is OK. I really like some tea.
A．Both 　 B．Either C．All 　 D．Neither
3.—I don't like such TV programmes. They are too boring.
—________. It's a waste(浪费) of time.
A. Me neither B. I'm sorry C. The same to you D. That's OK
4.用both，all，either与neither填空
1）.________the two boys__________(be) clever.　 两个男孩都很聪明。
2）.__________of the two boys ________(be) clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
3）.__________of the two boys ________(be) clever. 两个男孩都不聪明
4）.There are flowers on ___________ sides of the road. 路边长满了野花。
5）.There are flowers on ________ side of the road. 路边长满了野花。
6）. _________ the flowers are gone.　所有的花都谢了。
7）. ________of us are from China.我们都来自中国。
8）. Her parents are ____________doctors.她父母都是医生。
9）.The two coats are cheap, so you can choose _________ of them.那两件外套不贵，你可以随便挑一件。
10）. All the coats are cheap, so you can choose _________ of them. 所有的外套不贵，你可以随便挑一件。
5.完成句子not only ….. but also neither……nor either…… or both……and
1.在学校老师们不仅给我们传播知识而且还教我们如何做人。
At school teachers teach us ________ _________ knowledge_______ _______ how to be good.
2．他和我还没有看过这部电影。
__________ he ___________ I __________ ____________ the film yet.
3. 只有一张入场券，杰克和你当中只能一个人去看时装展。
There is only one ticket. ________ Jack ________ you will go to the fashion show.
4. 肯特和孩子们都不想去动物园。
_________ Kent _________ the children wanted to go to the zoo.
5,John 和Peter 在电影院看见Jolie 时，都很吃惊
_______ ________ John ______ ________ Peter ________ surprised when they saw Jolie in the cinema.
_______ John ______ Peter ________ surprised when they saw Jolie in the cinema.
6, 只有一个座位，要不你去，要不我去。
There is only one seat, ________ you _______ I can go.
要点6 take place的用法
take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例如：
Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.
在过去的十年，我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
【拓展】happen和take place的辨析：
（1）happen指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生”。
例如：
What happened to him 他出了什么事？
（2）take place常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的意思，即“计划发生”。例如：
The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。
【注意】happen和take place均为不及物动词，无被动语态。
【典例分析】
1.昨天他发生了车祸。(翻译句子)
2.10年来我们的家乡发生很大的变化。(翻译句子)
3.昨天我在武汉碰巧看见他。(翻译句子)
4. An earthquake __________________ when people were sleeping at night.
A. happened B. took place C. had D. appeared
5. I happened _________________ a little cat on my way home from school.
A. saving B. to save C. on saving D. saved
6.请就坐。
7.Bob下月将取代经理的位置。
8. Great changes _________________________ in my hometown, I was nearly lost in the street.
A. happened B. appear C. took place D. showed
要点7 a bit的用法
1.a bit意为“有点儿;稍微”,是程度副词,可以修饰动词、副词、形容词、比较级等。例如:
Would you mind turning down the radio a bit 你介意把广播的声音调小一点吗
2.a bit of意为“一些……”,用来修饰不可数名词。例如:
3.not a bit=not at all,意为“毫不;一点也不”。例如:
He is not a bit tired.他一点也不累。
a bit 和 a little都作“稍微；一点儿”
二者的主要用法如下：
a bit 和 a little 在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、 副词及其比较级, 可以换用, 表示“一点儿”。
The speaker spoke up a bit/a little loudly so as to make himself heard more clearly.
演讲者把嗓音提高一点，以便使别人听得清楚。
a bit 和 a little都作“稍微；一点儿”
② a bit 和 a little 在否定句中, 意思正好相反。
not a bit = not at all 一点儿都不
not a little = very (much) 很、非常
I’m not a bit tired. = I’m not tired at all. 我一点也不累。
I’m not a little tired. = I’m very tired. 我非常累。
③ a little可以直接作定语修饰名词, 而a bit则要在后面加of 构成短语才能作定语, 两者都只能修饰不可数名词。
There’s only a little / a bit of food left for lunch.
午餐只剩一点儿食品了
【典例分析】
1. The new student is ______ shy.
A. a little bit B. little C. a bit of D. bit
用a little, a bit或a bit of填空. （1-3题）
2.He feels ________________ better today.
3.She is ________________ tired.
4.There is ________________ milk in the bottle.
5. His younger brother feels _____________ better today.
A. more B. a bit of C. a little D. too
6. There is ____________ water in the bottle. You can drink it.
A. a bit B. little C. a bit of D. a little of
要点8 present
（1）present作形容词，意为“出席的，在场的”；还意为“现在的，当前的”。例如：
How many people were present at the meeting
到会的有多少人
I’m not at all satisfied with the present situation.
我对目前的情况一点都不满意。
（2）present作名词，意为“礼物，赠品”。the present意为“现在，目前”。
例如：
He often gave his neighbor’s kids little presents.
他常常送些小礼物给邻居的孩子。
There is no time like the present.
机不可失，时不再来。
（3）present作及物动词，意为“赠送，呈献”后接to/with。例如：
They presented him with a bunch of flowers. 他们献给他一束鲜花。
present sth to sb = present sb with sth 赠予、授予某人某物
at present(名词) = at the present(形容词) time 目前；现在
【典例分析】
1.Tim saved two students in the fire. The headmaster will ________ the prize to him at the meeting.
A. promise B. practise C. prepare D. present
2. 我的朋友送给我一把漂亮的扇子作为礼物。
My friend gave me a beautiful fan _________ _________ ______________.
3. 上次参加会议的人比这次多。
More people ___________ _________ the meeting last time than this time.
4. 他们现在正在参观巴黎。
They are visiting Paris __________ __________.
要点9 enough
（1）enough是形容词，意为“充足的，充分的，足够的”，可作表语或定语，作定语时，可放在名词的前面或后面。例如：
The food is enough for the trip. 用于这次旅行的食物足够了。
I have enough time to watch TV. 我有足够的时间看电视。
（2）enough还可作副词，意为“足够地”，这时enough需放在所修饰的形容词或副词后面。例如：
The young man is strong enough to carry the heavy bag.
那个年轻人足够强壮能搬动重包。
【拓展】
（1）enough…to do sth. “有足够的……做某事”。例如：
I don’t have enough time to eat lunch. 我没有足够的时间吃午饭。
（2）…enough to do…可以同too…to…或so…that…结构互相转换。例如：
He isn’t old enough to go to school. = He is too young to go to school.
= He is so young that he can’t go to school. 他太小而不能上学。
【典例分析】
1.—Did you get the present
—No, I got there but there weren't .
A. enough early; ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )enough presents B. early enough; enough presents
C. early enough; presents enough D. enough early; presents enough
2.As teenagers, we a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re ______to help with housework. We can help wash the dishes and wash our clothes.
A. enough young B. enough old C. old enough D. young enough
3.Cathy checked her paper ______ so that she could get good grades this time .
A. careful enough B. enough careful C. enough carefully D. carefully enough
4.这个房间已经足够干净了。
The room is ___________________________.
5.这个男孩足够强壮，他能提起这么重的行李。
The boy is _________strong __________ he can carry such a heavy suitcase.
=The boy is ___________ __________ __________ ___________ such a heavy suitcase.
6.他年龄够大能上学。
He is __________ __________ to go to school.
=He is ________ old ________ he can go to school.
【典例分析】
要点10 few
（1）few 意为“少数的；很少的”，只修饰可数名词，表否定含义。例如：
I can see few birds in the tree. 我几乎看不到树上有鸟。
（2）a few 意为“几个；少许”，相当于several，只修饰可数名词复数，表肯定含义。例如：
He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。
【拓展】
（1）little 意为“很少；一点儿”，用于 “量；额；价值”等概念，修饰不可数名词，表否定含义。little还表示“小的”之意。例如：
There is little milk in the cup. 杯子里没有牛奶了。
A little boy is coming. 一个小男孩过来了。
（2）a little 意为“有点儿；少量”修饰不可数名词，表示肯定含义。例如：
He has a little money with him. 他随身带了点儿钱。
（3）a little也可以用作副词，修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语，表示“有点，稍稍”。例如：
He is a little tired. 他有点累了。
【典例分析】
一、选用few a few little a little 填空
1. Please hurry up. There is _________ time left.
2. Please don’t worry. There is still _________ time left.
3. The box is very heavy. And ___________of us can lift it.
4. There is __________ink in my pen, Please give me____________.
5. Simon makes __________ friends in his class because he is very selfish and dishonest.
6.There is _________food in the cupboard. I must go and get some.
7.The question is difficult and ____________ students can answer it.
8.The question is difficult but ____________ students can answer it.
9.You should walk __________faster.
10 There are a lot of new books, but____________ of them are easy to read.
11. Mike did very well in this math exam and he made ______ mistakes in it.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
12. —Hurry up! The movie is beginning.
—Don’t worry. There is still ______ time left
A. little B. a little C. a few D. few
要点11. What are English schools like
这里的be like意为“像……一样”，like是介词。这个句式是用来询问人的性格特征或者事物的属性。
要求对方对特定事物进行描述。
—What was the exam like 这次考试怎么样
—It was very difficult. 难极了。
② 询问天气情况。
—What is the weather like 天气怎么样？
—It’s fine. 天气不错。
③ 用于人时，既可指人的外表，也可指人的性格、品质。
—What is she like 她长得如何
—Very beautiful. 长得很漂亮。
—What is he like 他是怎样一个人
—He is very kind. 他很友好。
【拓展】
What does/do sb./sth. look like 这个句式是询问某个人或物的外貌特征。例如：
—What does the old man look like 那个老人长什么样？
—He is short and thin. 他又矮又瘦。
【典例分析】
1.广州夏天的天气如何？
________ ________ ________ ________ in Guangzhou in Summer.
________ ________ ________ ________ in Guangzhou in Summer.
2. 你老师是怎样一个人？她既善良又美丽.
__________ your teacher ___________？
--She is very kind and beautiful.
3. — ______is the weather there in summer
—There’s ______rain.
A. How; a lot of B. What; a lot of C. How; too many D. What; too many
4. ---What ____________ your teacher ________________
---She’s a pretty lady with long hair.
A. does; like B. does; look like C. is; like D. is; look like
5. --- ________ is the weather in Beijing in summer
---It’s very hot.
A. What B. How C. What about D. How about
要点12 until
until意为“直到……”，有下列用法：
（1）作介词，后接时间名词，在句中作时间状语。例如：
She waited there until 9 o’clock. 她在那里一直等到9点钟。
（2）作连词，后接从句，引导时间状语从句。例如：
We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。
【拓展】
（1）until用在肯定句中，多与持续性的动词连用。如stand，wait，stay等，表示主句动作的终止时间。
He stayed there until midnight. 他在那里逗留到深夜。
（2）until可用于否定句中，即not…until…意为“直到……才”，常与非延续性动词连用。如open，start，leave，arrive等，强调主句动作开始的时间。例如：
The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back.
直到父亲回来，那个孩子才睡觉。
【典例分析】
1, 直到我去找老师帮忙，我才解出这道题。
I ___________ _______ the problem _________ I went to my teacher for help.
2. 昨晚，直到爸爸回来我才睡觉。
I ________ ________ to bed ________ my father came back home.
3.昨晚他等我直到雨停下来。
He waited for me ________the rain stopped.
4．—Excuse me, is it my turn now
—Not yet. Please wait on the chair ______ your name is called．
A．and B．until C．although D．since
5. I didn’t finish my homework________ 10:30 last night.
A. until B. after C. though D. if
6. We ______ until he came back.
A. left B. not leave C. waited D. wait
要点13
1. 惊讶做某事 2. 玩得开心
3. 像…,…怎么样？ 4. 拍照
5. 大一点 6. 成排地坐着
7. 通过考试 8. 中学
9. 出席 10. 缺席
11.代替，而不是 12. 课外活动
13. 最重要的是
代词
代词有人称代词、指示代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词和疑问代词等。
考点一、人称代词（表示自身或人称的代词）
人称 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们
主格 I you he she it we you they
宾格 me you him her it us you them
（1）人称代词在句中可作主语、宾语（宾格）、表语等。
(2)在并列的主语中，“I”总放在最后。　
(3)she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。
(4)we可以表示包括自己在内的“人们”；you可以表示泛指的“任何人”。
it的用法：it可以用作人称代词，它还可以指时间、天气、距离、上下文等，另外，it还可以作先行词，作形式主语和形式宾语。
(1)作为人称代词，it可以用来指东西、动物、婴儿和未确定身份的人。
例：Where’s my pencil Have you seen it 我的铅笔在哪里？你看见了没有？
The dog is in the garden, isn’t it 狗在花园里，是吧？
The baby cried because it is hungry. 婴儿哭了，因为他/她饿了。
(Someone is ringing.) Who's it It’s me. (有人在按门铃。)谁呀？是我。
(2)it可以指上下文内容
例：The Olympic Game will be held in Beijing in 2008. It makes the Chinese proud.
　2008年将在北京举行奥运会。这使得中国人非常自豪。
(3)it表示时间、天气、距离等。
例：What time is it now It’s half past nine. 现在几点了？九点半
例：It is cold. 天气冷。
例：It’s about ten kilometers from the park to the museum. 公园到博物馆大约是十公里。
(4)it用作形式主语或形式宾语
例：It’s very important for us to learn English well. (实际主语是to learn English well)
　 对我们来说，学好英语很重要。
例：I found it hard to fly a kite. (实际主语是to fly a kite)
　 我发现放风筝很难。
考点二：物主代词
物主代词 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的
形容词性 my your his her its our your their
名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
形容词性物主代词在句中作定语，相当于一个形容词，后面需要接一个名词。名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、介词宾语），相当于一个名词 。
考点三：反身代词
我自己 你自己 他自己 她自己 它自己 我们自己 你们自己 他们自己
myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves oneself
反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词，词尾是self或selves。反身代词表示“某人自己”，与它所指代的名词或代词在人称、性、数上保持一致。
(1)反身代词用作同位语，表示强调
例：You’ll have to do it yourself. 你得自己去干。
The theory itself is all right. 这理论本身没有问题。
(2)反身代词与人称代词宾格的区别在于，只有当主语和宾语是同一个人时才使用反身代词。
例： He saw himself in the mirror. ( he和himself指的是 同一人)他在镜子里看见了自己。
He saw him in the mirror. (he和him指的不是同一人，him指代另一个人)
他在镜子里看见了他。
(3)反身代词的固定搭配是常考内容：
例：They enjoyed themselves at the party last night. 昨天晚上他们在聚会上玩得很开心。
Help yourself to some fish. 吃点鱼吧。
I taught myself swimming when I was six. 我六岁时自学了游泳。
反身代词常见固定搭配
by oneself (靠)自己
enjoy oneself 过得愉快
help oneself to 随便吃
teach oneself 自学
talk to oneself 自言自语　　
考点四：指示代词
指示代词包括this, that, these, those指示代词在句中可作主语、宾语（直接宾语，介词宾语）、表语和定语。
(1)表示空间上的远近：this和these表示近。that和those表示远。
例：No one had worked in this place for ages. 已经好多年没有人在这个地方工作过了。
I don’t like the look of those clouds.　 我不喜欢那些云的样子。
(2)表示时间上的远近。
例：These days the Olympics must mean the best. 现今，奥林匹克运动会肯定是水平最高的。
At that point he became worried. 就在那时，他变得担心起来。
注意：that和those有时可以用来代表前面刚提到过的名词以避免重复。
例：The best cotton is that from Xinjiang. 新疆的棉质量最好。
　 　
考点五：疑问代词
who 谁（指人，主格）
whom 谁（宾格）
whose 谁的（所有格）
what 什么（指物）
which 哪个（指人或物）
疑问代词引导疑问句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
例：Which do you like best, your mother or your father
Who is your favourite composer
考点六：关系代词
who (whom, whose), which, that等可用做关系代词，引导定语从句。例如：
He is a teacher who teaches English.
考点七：不定代词
some （一些，某）any some 一般用于肯定句中、any一般用于疑问句和否定句。 some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。在由would you like发出的问句中，或在说话者想得到对方的肯定答复时，在疑问句中要用some而不用any。如：Would you like some tea
everyeach every ＋单数名词 “每一个” 强调共性，作定语,形式上为单数。如: Every child likes playing games. each“每一个” 强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与of连用。each作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式，如：Each of us wants to learn English wellEach: 1、强调个体、2、指两者以上3. 作形容词或代词4.常与of 连用5.each other 彼此Every:1、强调全体、2、指三者以上3、只作形容词
all(全部)都none(全部)都没有 all 表示三者或三者以上，后常跟介词of 如： We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada. none 表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of 如：None of us is/are afraid of dogs.（单、复数均可）
both（两者）都either两者中任何一个neither(两者)都不 both 作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。 either 作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时，后跟名词单数。neither含有否定意义，用法同either。
another另一个otherthe other “another +单数名词”用于泛指one … the other “一个……，另一个……” the other +复数名词 = the others “其他的人或物” （指确定范围内剩下的全部） others “别人”如：There are ten students here. Where are the others There are ten students here Where are the other students other(后可加名词） others（本是名词）The other两个中的另一个（后可加名词）The others另外几个，其余的（本是名词）
either…or或者...或者neither…nor两者都不... either…or,或neither…nor连接两个主语时，要用到就近原则
one one作代词时，它的复数形式是ones,所有格形式是one‘s，反身代词为oneself.如果one与别的词组成其他词，如： someone, anyone, everyone或only one 则要用his/her，来作其所有格形式。
many / much a few一些 / few几乎没有little几乎没有a little有一些 many+可数名词 much+不可数名词a few / few+可数名词 a little / little+不可数名词
考点八：相互代词
相互代词包括each other和one another。相互代词有数和格的变化，each other's, one another's为所有格形式。
例：Most of us know each other pretty well.
The men shook hands with one another.
【典例训练】
1. The weather in summer in Beijing is cooler than_________ in Shanghai.
A. this B.it C. that D.one
2. Pass________ _the knife, please. My pencil is broken.
A. I B.me C.my D. mine
3. Tell him not to play with the knife. He may hurt________.
A. him B. himself C. yourself D. myself
4. —Whose painting is this It's really wonderful!
—Oh, it's not _________. It's_________.
A. hers, your B. mine, Elsa's C. your's, he's D. his, my
5. —Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning
—_________is OK. I'm free today and tomorrow.
Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
6. We go home _________six days.
A. all B. each C. both D. every
7. _________ of the teachers are kind in our school.
A. Every B. Each C. Either D. All
8. .—_________hat is this —It's_________.
A. Whose, me B. who, mine C. Whom, his D. Whose, mine
9. If you need _________ money, I'll lend you _________.
A. one, one B. any，some C. some，any D. any，any
10. He has_________ to tell us.
A. something important B. important something C anything useful D. useful nothing
11.You like this but I like_________.
A. this B. them C.it D. that
12.She will go skating and I'll do_________.
A. such B. same C. the same as D. the same
13.The sentence _________is wrong.
A. himself B. herself C. itself D.it
14.He is a teacher_________ I like very much.
A. what B. whose C. whom D. which
15.There're more than five hundred students in our school, but _________of them are from France.
A. none B. all C. neither D. both.
16. There are lots of trees on ______ side of the road
A. both B. all C. every D. either
17. They think Waikiki in Hawaii is better than_____________.
A. any beach B. any others C. any other beach D. the other beaches
18. -Who taught _______ French
- Nobaby, but he learned all by ______.
A. himself, his B. he, himself C. him ,himself D. your, mine
19. Why don't you get_________ to read while you are on holiday
A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing
20. During the examination no one is allowed to ask _____ questions.
A. some B. any C. each D. all
介词
介词（preposition 简写prep.），又称作前置词，表示名词、代词等与句中其它词的关系，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语，表示与其他成分的关系。
介词分类 具体介词 用法说明 举例
时间介词 at ①表示在某一段时刻（具体时刻）②表示在……岁时 ①at dawn/day break： 在黎明①at six ：在6点钟①at 4:30 ：在4点30分at sixteen/at the age of sixteen ：16岁的时候
on 表示在星期几 / 具体某日 on Monday ：在星期一
on January fifth：在1月5日
on Christmas Day ：在圣诞节那一天 （也可用at Christmas）
in in来表示一天中的早中晚，月份，季节或年份 in the morning /afternoon / evening在早晨，下午，晚上
in January / February在一月，二月
in Spring在春天
in 2014 在2014年
during 用于已知的一段时间包括大家熟知的节日或者某种已确切限定的时期或阶段之前 during the Middle Ages： 在中世纪
during 1942 ：在1942年中
during the summer（of that year）：在（那一年的）夏季during his childhood ：在他童年时期
for 用来表示一段时间 for six years ：六年之久
for two months ：有两个月
方位介词 at ①表示在小地方表示“在 附近，旁边”
in ①表示 在大地方表示“在 范围之内”
on 表示毗邻，接壤，“在 上面”
to 表示在 范围外，不强调是否接壤；或“到 ”
below 表示在 正下方 There is a cat under the table. Please write your name below the line.
under 表示在 下，不一定在正下方
in front of 意思是“在 前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括，其反义词是behind（在 的后面）。 There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。)
in the front of 意思是“在 ..的前部”，即甲物在乙物的前部，反义词是at the back of…（在 范围内的后部）。 There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. 我们的教室前边有一块黑板。
beside 表示在 旁边
方法介词 by 表示“方法 ，手段” by bus ：搭公车
其它介词
介词 用法 例句
against 表示“反对”“违背”，其反义词为 for。若表示“强烈反对”，一般与副词 strongly搭配。 They are strongly against the idea. 他们强烈反对这个意见。
beyond 表示范围、水平、限度、能力等，意思是“超出；多于；为……所不能及”。 His bad behavior is beyond a joke. 他的不良行为超出了开玩笑的范围。
about about“关于”，多用于内容和观点比较一般性的情况。 What is your excuse about your being late yesterday 你昨天迟到的借口是什么？
like 意为“像……一样”，用于说明相似关系，实际上不是。 He talked to me like my father. 他像父亲那样跟我谈话。（他不是我父亲）
as 意为“作为，以……的身份”，后跟表示职业、职务、身份的名词。。 We chose him as captain of our team. 我们选他当我们的队长。
except 表示“除……之外（不包括在内）”，是从整体中除去一部分，常和否定代词和概括性代词连用。 We are all here except Li Ming.除了李明之外，我们都在这里。
into “往……里（进、蹦、跳）去”，常和动词连用。 Many frogs jumped into the lake.许多青蛙跳进了湖里。
with 表示伴随，意为“和……一起”。 She lives with her parents.她同父母住在一起。
without 表示“没有”，用作状语。 He left without saying a word.他什么也没有说就离开了。
for (1)表示目的，意为“为了”。 Let’s go for a walk. 让我们去散步吧。
(2)表原因、理由。 Sanya is famous for “Tianya Haijiao”． 三亚因“天涯海角”而出名。
(3)表用途、对象。 I think drinking milk is good for our health. 我认为喝牛奶对我们的健康有好处。
(4)表示价格 He sells his books for fifty yuan . 他以50元地价格卖掉了他的书。
along 表示“沿着，顺着”。 We’ve planted more than 1000 trees along the banks of the river．我们沿着河岸种了1000多棵树。
off 表示“离开，脱离”。 Keep off the grass. 勿踏草地。
【典例训练】
1.Lucy is flying to France soon. She will arrive Paris the morning of July 5th.
A. at; in B. in; in C. in; on D. at; on
2.How does your father go to work, foot or bike
A. on; with B. with; on C. by; on D. on; by
3.You look tired. working indoors, you should go out for a walk.
A. Ahead of B. In spite of C. In front of D. Instead of
4. The temperature will stay zero in the day-time, but at night it will fall zero again.
A. on; at B. up; down C. over; under D. above; below
5. --- What's your speech , Mr. Smith --- Tomorrow you will get it.
A. by B. of C. from D. on
6. There are lots of big apples that tree, and there are many birds the tree, too.
A. on; in B. in; on C. on; on D. in; in
7. She got the car and went a shop.
A. from; in B. through; onto C. out of; of D. out of; into
8. A person with good manners never laughs people when they are trouble.
A. on; in B. at; in C. on; to D. to; at
9. English is spoken the first language most people in the us.
A. as; by B. for; by C. by; as D. by; for
10. Jim waited the bus stop twenty minutes.
A. in; at B. for; for C. at; for D. from; of
11. Reading the sun isn't good your eyes.
A. under; for B. in: for C. in; at D. under; at
12. Mr. Green got the bus near the supermarket and then he went home foot.
A. off; on B. to; on C. on; by D. off; by
13. Swimming is good our health, but the same time we shouldn't forget the danger.
A. for; in B. for; at C. at ;at D. at; on
14. Some of us go to school a bike times.
A. by; on B. in; in C. on; at D. with; to
15. --- How are you going to meet your aunt at the airport Thursday morning
--- I'm going there my car.
A. on; in B. on; by C. in; by D. in; in
16. After class, I like playing computer games and chatting my friends the Internet.
A. to; by B. with; on C. for; in D. about; through
17. --- What would you do the lost library book
--- I would try to find it or pay it.
A. about; for B. for; to C. with; to D. with; for
18. --- What did you get your mother Mother's Day
--- A beautiful card with “Thank you, Mum”.
A. for; on B. for; in C. to; for D. to; at
19. These glasses are made glass and the coat is made wool.
A. of; from B. of; of C. from; from D. from; of
20. This photo reminds me the days when I worked the farm with my father.
A. on; in B. in; at C. of; on D. on; at
话题2：介绍学校生活
本模块的话题是“学校生活”。学生在具体的写作中应做到以下几点:
1.能描写现在的学校生活,并能与之前的学校生活进行比较;
2.能够阐述自己对学校生活的看法;
3.能了解并介绍其他国家的学校生活。
【常用词汇】
row一排　　　　 swimming pool游泳池 pass及格;通过 absent缺席的
bell钟;铃 secondary school中学 have a test测验 pass the exam通过考试
have a break休息一下 be late for迟到 primary school小学 after school activity课外活动
pay attention to注意 fail in the exam考试不及格 make great progress in在……方面取得巨大进步
【常用句型】
We go to school every weekday from 8:45 am to 3:15 pm.
What are English schools like
Once a term, there is a parents’ meeting.
How did your exams go last term
There are three forty minute lessons, with a twenty minute break in between.
Of all the school clubs, I like English Club best.
We can set up a reading corner in order to read at any time after class.
Last year when my classmates took part in a sports event, I cheered and took photos for them.
At school, we should respect our teachers, get on well with our classmates and study hard.
【实战演练】
初中生活即将结束，丰富多彩的学校活动一定给你留下了许多美好的回忆。根据图表提示，选择一次你最喜欢的活动进行描述。
内容包括：1. 此次活动的过程；
2. 你的收获或感受。
注意：1. 词数80～100；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 文中不能出现与本人相关的信息；
4. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。
My junior school life is coming to an end. I had a lot of sweet memories. _____________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
思维导图
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句。
知识要点二：语法
当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you, he, she, I,而复数时为we, you, they.如男女并列时，应先男后女，如：He and she … we, 如：Tom and I are good friends.
指示代词常见固定搭配
like this 像这样
that’s all right 没关系
more than that 更重要的是
for all that 尽管如此
So that’s that. 就是这样。
知识要点三：书面表达
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Module 2 Education
模块小结
要点1 wear的用法
wear作动词,意为“穿;戴”,其过去式为wore,过去分词为worn。
辨析wear, dress, put on与 be in
wear 意为“穿;戴”,强调“穿着/戴着”的状态,其宾语通常为服装、鞋帽、首饰、眼镜等。
dress 意为“给……穿衣服”,表示穿的动作,其宾语通常是人。常见搭配:dress sb.“给某人穿衣服”(强调动作);dress oneself“给自己穿衣服”。如果表示状态,则用be/get dressed in...“穿着……”。
put on 意为“穿上;戴上”,强调动作,其宾语通常是衣物。宾语为代词时,必须放在put与on之间,且代词用宾格形式。宾语为名词时,放在on的前后均可。反义词组是take off。
be in 意为“穿着”,强调状态,其后接颜色或某种颜色的衣服。
　
例如:
My sister is wearing a pair of sunglasses.我的妹妹戴着一副太阳镜。
My son is too young to dress himself.我的儿子太小,还不能自己穿衣服。
It’s cold outside. Please put on the sweater.外面很冷。请穿上这件毛衣。
Our English teacher is in a red dress.我们的英语老师穿着一条红裙子。
【典例分析】
1. 完成句子
1）你能给婴儿穿衣服吗？
Can you _________the baby
【点拨】dress。表示穿的动作,其宾语通常是人。
2）她今天穿着一件红色外套。
She ___________________ a red coat today.
【点拨】is in/ is dressing in。强调状态,其后接颜色或某种颜色的衣服。如果表示状态,则用be/get dressed in...“穿着……”。
3）他穿上他的外套出门去了。
He __________ his coat and went out.
【点拨】put on强调动作,其宾语通常是衣物。
4）你认识那个穿黑衣服的男孩吗？
Do you know the boy who______________ black
【点拨】is in/ is dressing in。强调状态,其后接颜色或某种颜色的衣服。如果表示状态,则用be/get dressed in...“穿着……”。
5）我的祖父总是戴着眼镜。
My grandpa always___________ a pair of glasses.
【点拨】wears wear意为“穿;戴”,强调“穿着/戴着”的状态,其宾语通常为服装、鞋帽、首饰、眼镜.
6)快穿上衣服，外面很冷。
____________your coat quickly, it’s cold outside.
【点拨】Put on put on强调动作,其宾语通常是衣物。
2.选择填空
1. She hurriedly _______the child and took him downstairs.
A. put on B. wore C. dressed D. had on
【点拨】A。wear意为“穿;戴”,强调“穿着/戴着”的状态,其宾语通常为服装、鞋帽、首饰、眼镜。dress意为“给……穿衣服”,表示穿的动作,其宾语通常是人。put on意为“穿上;戴上”,强调动作,其宾语通常是衣物。Have on 表示状态。
2. The child doesn’t need any help. He is old enough to________.
A. put on B. wear C. dress himself
【点拨】C。
要点2 pass的用法及与past区别
1.pass作动词,意为“及格;通过(考试或检查)”,指在考试或测验中过关。例如:
She was glad to pass the Chinese exam.通过了语文考试,她很高兴。
2.pass作动词,还可意为“传递;经过”。例如:
Pass the book to me, please.请把那本书递给我。
I pass the shop every day.我每天都经过那家商店。
3.pass作名词,意为“及格;入场证;通行证”。例如:
Here is your pass, Mary.玛丽,这是你的入场证。
4.常见pass短语小结:
pass away消失;去世
pass by走过;(时间)逝去
pass on继续下去
pass sth.to sb.=pass sb. sth.把某物递给某人
past
prep. 用作介词意为“超过;到另一侧;晚于;在……之后”。
adv. 经过
n. 名词“过去 往昔“
adj. 作形容词“过去的，从前的”
词组：in the past
另外希望大家能够区分pass和past，前者是动词，而后者则是介词或副词
【典例分析】
一、指出下列各句‘past’的用法
1.I walk past the farm every day on my way to work
【点拨】句意：我每天在上班的路上经过农场。past adv. 经过
2.I will never forget the past days.
【点拨】句意：我永远不会忘记过去的日子。past adj. 作形容词“过去的，从前的”
3.We can't change the past.
【点拨】句意：我们不能改变过去。past n.名词“过去 往昔“
4.It is half past ten.
【点拨】句意：现在是十点半。past 用作介词意为“超过”
5.She ran past with a smile.
【点拨】句意：她微笑着跑了过去。past adv. 经过
6.In the past, life was very hard.
【点拨】句意：过去，生活很艰难。past n. 名词“过去 往昔“
二、完成句子
1.他们穿过了森林。
They _________ __________ the forest.
【点拨】passed through. Pass 通过，常与“by ，through”连用
2.他递给我一支笔。
He passed me a pen. = He passed_______ _______ ________ me.
【点拨】pass 传递。双宾结构。 Pass sb. sth =pass sth. to sb.
3.当他获得这个消息时，他继续传递给别人。
When he got the message, he _________it _______ ________ others.
【点拨】passed on to 传递。
三、请用pass和past填空
He ran ________________ the building.
He _____________ him without a word.
【点拨】past passed
四. He ________ by me but didn't notice me.
A．passes B．past C．passed D．goes past
【点拨】C此题用分析句子结构法。空格处为谓语，应用动词pass，past 介词，“通过，穿过”。如I go past the hospital every day.再由后半句可知前面的时态应为一般过去时，故选C。
要点3 absent的用法
1.absent作形容词,意为“缺席的;不在场的;茫然的”,既可作定语,也可作表语;其反义词为present,意为“在场的;出席的”。absent作表语时,常用短语为be absent from,意为“缺席;没有到场”;其反义短语是be present at,意为“出席”。例如:
John was absent from the press conference because of his bad cold.约翰因为重感冒缺席了记者招待会。
2.absent作动词,是及物动词,常接反身代词作宾语。表示“做某事缺席”时,其后也接from。例如:
He absented himself from the meeting.他缺席了会议。
3.点名时,若自己在场,用“Here.”或“Present.”回答,意为“到;有”;若自己不在场,旁人可用“Absent.”回答,意为“不在”。
【典例分析】
1.昨天你为什么缺席会议？
Why______________________________ yesterday
【点拨】are you absent from
2.If you are often 　　　from classes, you may fail in the final examination.
A. absent B. quiet C. active D. silent
【点拨】A　根据题干中的"You may fail in the final examination "可知,此处是说"如果你总是缺课,期末考试你可能会不及格",故用absent"缺席"。quiet"安静的";active"积极的";silent"沉默的"。
3. Today he didn't come to school again. He has been a_________ from classes for a week.（首字母填写单词）
【点拨】absent是形容词, 意为“缺席的”
要点4 instead of的用法
1.instead of是短语介词 ,意为“代替;而不是”,其后可以接名词、代词或动名词等。例如:
We will play football instead of swimming.我们要去踢足球,而不是游泳。
2.instead作副词,意为“代替;反而;却”,常用于句尾或句首。若位于句首,常用逗号与后面内容隔开。例如:
She didn’t study. Instead, she played table tennis the whole day.她没有学习。相反,她打了一天乒乓球。
Tom didn’t go to see a film. Instead, he read at home.
【典例分析】
1.根据句意, 选用instead或instead of填空。
1) Mary is going to Shanghai __________Guangzhou.
2) Jack didn’t do his homework. ________, he went to see a film.
3) Ann said nothing. She began to cry ________.
4) I have to do my homework __________ going out.
【点拨】1.instead of 2.instead 3.instead 4.instead of
2.昨晚他待在家里，而没有去看电影
He stayed at home_________ ________ ________ to the cinema last night.
【点拨】instead of going
3.她没有玩电脑游戏，而是为考试而学习。
She didn’t play computer games. She studied for the test __________.
【点拨】instead
4.He didn't answer my question. Instead，he asked me a question.(同义改写)
＝He asked me a question_________ ________ ___________my question.
【点拨】instead of asking
5. What a nice day！We should go sightseeing ________ watching TV in the hotel.
A．because of　　　 B．instead of C．together with D．instead
【点拨】句意：多好的一天！我们应该去观光而不是在旅馆看电视。instead of作为介词短语，意为“而不是”，其后常接名词、代词或动名词等。
6．Miss White doesn't like buying nice clothes. She likes collecting storybooks________.
A．instead　 B．either C．too D．instead of
【点拨】A instead　
要点5 none的用法
none作代词,表示全部否定,意为“没有一个;毫无”。
辨析none与neither
none 指“三者或三者以上都不”,既可指代复数可数名词,也可指代不可数名词。作主语时,谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式。其反义词是all“全部”。常用结构为none of...,意为“所有的人(或物)都不”;all of...意为“所有的人(或物)都”。
neither 指“两者都不”,作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。其反义词是both“两者都”。常用结构为neither of...,意为“两者都不”;both of...意为“两者都”。
　　例如:
None of us like/likes swimming.我们中没有人喜欢游泳。
All of us like swimming.我们所有人都喜欢游泳。
Neither of us speaks English.我们两个都不说英语。
Both of us speak English.我们两个都说英语。
both，all，either与neither
★辨析both，all，either与neither
（1）both指“两者都”，可与and搭配。both的反义词是neither，常与nor连用。如：
Both of my parents are teachers.我的父母都是老师。
（2）all指“三者或三者以上全部、都”，反义词是none。
My brothers and I are all at school. 我和我的兄弟们都在上学。
（3）either指“两者中任意一个”，either...or...意思是“或者……或者……”。当它连接并列主语时，谓语动词要与最靠近的主语保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。如：
Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错，就是我错。
（4）neither指“两者都不”，neither...nor...意思是“既不……也不……”。连接并列主语时也遵循“就近原则”。如：
Neither he nor I am well educated. 他和我都没有受过良好的教育。
（5）not only ….. but also 不仅….. 而且
neither……nor 既不…...也不
either…… or 或者….. 或者 要么….. 要么
both……and 既…….又
【典例分析】
1.—Would you like some juice or coffee —________is OK. I really don't care.
A．Both 　 B．Either C．All 　 D．Neither
【点拨】B . either指“两者中任意一个”
2. —Would you like some juice or coffee —________is OK. I really like some tea.
A．Both 　 B．Either C．All 　 D．Neither
【点拨】D neither指“两者都不”
3.—I don't like such TV programmes. They are too boring.
—________. It's a waste(浪费) of time.
A. Me neither B. I'm sorry C. The same to you D. That's OK
【点拨】A句意：--我不喜欢这样的电视节目，它们太无聊了。--我也不喜欢，浪费时间。A. Me neither我也不；B. I'm sorry很抱歉；C. The same to you 你也一样； D. That's OK 没关系，根据答句中It's a waste(浪费) of time.可知说话人也不喜欢，故选A。
4.用both，all，either与neither填空
1）.________the two boys__________(be) clever.　 两个男孩都很聪明。
2）.__________of the two boys ________(be) clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
3）.__________of the two boys ________(be) clever. 两个男孩都不聪明
4）.There are flowers on ___________ sides of the road. 路边长满了野花。
5）.There are flowers on ________ side of the road. 路边长满了野花。
6）. _________ the flowers are gone.　所有的花都谢了。
7）. ________of us are from China.我们都来自中国。
8）. Her parents are ____________doctors.她父母都是医生。
9）.The two coats are cheap, so you can choose _________ of them.那两件外套不贵，你可以随便挑一件。
10）. All the coats are cheap, so you can choose _________ of them. 所有的外套不贵，你可以随便挑一件。
【点拨】1.Both are 2.Either is 3.Neither is 4.both 5.either 6.All 7.All 8.both 9.either 10.any
5.完成句子not only ….. but also neither……nor either…… or both……and
1.在学校老师们不仅给我们传播知识而且还教我们如何做人。
At school teachers teach us ________ _________ knowledge_______ _______ how to be good.
2．他和我还没有看过这部电影。
__________ he ___________ I __________ ____________ the film yet.
3. 只有一张入场券，杰克和你当中只能一个人去看时装展。
There is only one ticket. ________ Jack ________ you will go to the fashion show.
4. 肯特和孩子们都不想去动物园。
_________ Kent _________ the children wanted to go to the zoo.
5,John 和Peter 在电影院看见Jolie 时，都很吃惊
_______ ________ John ______ ________ Peter ________ surprised when they saw Jolie in the cinema.
_______ John ______ Peter ________ surprised when they saw Jolie in the cinema.
6, 只有一个座位，要不你去，要不我去。
There is only one seat, ________ you _______ I can go.
【点拨】1.not only but also 2.Neither nor have seen 3.either or 4.Both and 5.Not only but also was
Both and were 6.either or
要点6 take place的用法
take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例如：
Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.
在过去的十年，我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
【拓展】happen和take place的辨析：
（1）happen指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生”。
例如：
What happened to him 他出了什么事？
（2）take place常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的意思，即“计划发生”。例如：
The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。
【注意】happen和take place均为不及物动词，无被动语态。
【典例分析】
1.昨天他发生了车祸。(翻译句子)
【点拨】A car accident happened to him yesterday. Sth. + happen to sb：表示“某人发生了某事” “偶然发生的事故”所以用happen。
2.10年来我们的家乡发生很大的变化。(翻译句子)
【点拨】 Our hometown has taken place a lot in the past 10 years. take place：指计划，安排之内的发生。这里不用happen。
3.昨天我在武汉碰巧看见他。(翻译句子)
【点拨】I happened to see him in Wuhan yesterday. Sb + happen to do sth：表示“某人碰巧发生了某事”
4. An earthquake __________________ when people were sleeping at night.
A. happened B. took place C. had D. appeared
【点拨】A句意：当人们在夜里正在睡觉的时候，一起地震发生了。考查易混动词辨析。happen为偶然突然发生；take place为有机会有安排发生；have为拥有；appear为出现，显现。根据句中所描述的earthquake应属于突然发生。故选A。
5. I happened _________________ a little cat on my way home from school.
A. saving B. to save C. on saving D. saved
【点拨】B句意：在我放学回家的路上，我碰巧救了一只小猫。考查非谓语动词与happen的搭配。根据happen常用搭配为happen to do sth碰巧做了某事。故选B。
6.请就坐。
【点拨】Please take your place, class.
7.Bob下月将取代经理的位置。
【点拨】 Bob will take the place of the manager next month.
8. Great changes _________________________ in my hometown, I was nearly lost in the street.
A. happened B. appear C. took place D. showed
【点拨】C句意：在我的家乡发生了巨大变化，我在大街上几乎差一点都迷路了。考查易混动词辨析。take place：有计划、有目的发生；happen：偶然、碰巧发生；appear展现，出现；show展示，出示。根据句意。故选C。
要点7 a bit的用法
a bit 和 a little都作“稍微；一点儿”
二者的主要用法如下：
1 a bit 和 a little 在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、 副词及其比较级, 可以换用, 表示“一点儿”。
The speaker spoke up a bit/a little loudly so as to make himself heard more clearly.
演讲者把嗓音提高一点，以便使别人听得清楚。
a bit 和 a little都作“稍微；一点儿”
② a bit 和 a little 在否定句中, 意思正好相反。
not a bit = not at all 一点儿都不
not a little = very (much) 很、非常
I’m not a bit tired. = I’m not tired at all. 我一点也不累。
I’m not a little tired. = I’m very tired. 我非常累。
③ a little可以直接作定语修饰名词, 而a bit则要在后面加of 构成短语才能作定语, 两者都只能修饰不可数名词。
There’s only a little / a bit of food left for lunch.
午餐只剩一点儿食品了
【典例分析】
1. The new student is ______ shy.
A. a little bit B. little C. a bit of D. bit
【点拨】A。a little bit 等于a little 或者a bit ，可以修饰形容词。a bit of 只能修饰不可数名词。little 和bit 都不可以修饰形容词。本题空格后是形容词shy，故选A。
用a little, a bit或a bit of填空. （1-3题）
2.He feels ________________ better today.
【点拨】a little/a bit . a bit ; a little都可以用作程度副词，修饰动词、形容词、副词或比较级
3.She is ________________ tired.
【点拨】a little/ a bit a bit ; a little都可以用作程度副词，修饰动词、形容词、副词或比较级
4.There is ________________ milk in the bottle.
【点拨】a little/a bit of a bit ; a little都可以修饰不可数名词数量，而a bit必须与of连用。
5. His younger brother feels _____________ better today.
A. more B. a bit of C. a little D. too
【点拨】C句意：他的小弟弟今天感觉有点好了。考查副词辨析。根据句中的better为形容词最高级，判断应该使用可以修饰形容词及其比较级形式的程度副词。而供选答案中只有a little可以。供选C。
6. There is ____________ water in the bottle. You can drink it.
A. a bit B. little C. a bit of D. a little of
【点拨】C句意：在瓶子里还有一点水。你可以把它喝掉。考查易混词辨析。根据句中你可以喝掉，判断瓶子里应该还有水，而供选答案中可以用来修饰不可数名词water肯定意义的只有 a bit of；a little修饰不可数名词数量不与of连用。供选C。
要点8 present
（1）present作形容词，意为“出席的，在场的”；还意为“现在的，当前的”。例如：
How many people were present at the meeting
到会的有多少人
I’m not at all satisfied with the present situation.
我对目前的情况一点都不满意。
（2）present作名词，意为“礼物，赠品”。the present意为“现在，目前”。
例如：
He often gave his neighbor’s kids little presents.
他常常送些小礼物给邻居的孩子。
There is no time like the present.
机不可失，时不再来。
（3）present作及物动词，意为“赠送，呈献”后接to/with。例如：
They presented him with a bunch of flowers. 他们献给他一束鲜花。
present sth to sb = present sb with sth 赠予、授予某人某物
at present(名词) = at the present(形容词) time 目前；现在
【典例分析】
1.Tim saved two students in the fire. The headmaster will ________ the prize to him at the meeting.
A. promise B. practise C. prepare D. present
【答案】本题考查动词辨析。promise 意为“保证；承诺”，practise意为“练习”，prepare意为“准备”， present意为“授予”，结合语境可知应选D。
2. 我的朋友送给我一把漂亮的扇子作为礼物。
My friend gave me a beautiful fan _________ _________ ______________.
【答案】as a present
3. 上次参加会议的人比这次多。
More people ___________ _________ the meeting last time than this time.
【答案】were presented
4. 他们现在正在参观巴黎。
They are visiting Paris __________ __________.
【答案】at present
要点9 enough
（1）enough是形容词，意为“充足的，充分的，足够的”，可作表语或定语，作定语时，可放在名词的前面或后面。例如：
The food is enough for the trip. 用于这次旅行的食物足够了。
I have enough time to watch TV. 我有足够的时间看电视。
（2）enough还可作副词，意为“足够地”，这时enough需放在所修饰的形容词或副词后面。例如：
The young man is strong enough to carry the heavy bag.
那个年轻人足够强壮能搬动重包。
【拓展】
（1）enough…to do sth. “有足够的……做某事”。例如：
I don’t have enough time to eat lunch. 我没有足够的时间吃午饭。
（2）…enough to do…可以同too…to…或so…that…结构互相转换。例如：
He isn’t old enough to go to school. = He is too young to go to school.
= He is so young that he can’t go to school. 他太小而不能上学。
【典例分析】
1.—Did you get the present
—No, I got there but there weren't .
A. enough early; ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )enough presents B. early enough; enough presents
C. early enough; presents enough D. enough early; presents enough
【点拨】B 句意：——你得到礼品了吗？——没有，我到的足够早，但是没有足够的礼品了。形容词或者副词+enough足够……，固定搭配，early是副词，所以用early enough，排除A、D。enough+名词，固定搭配，presents是名词，所以用enough presents，故选B。
2.As teenagers, we a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re ______to help with housework. We can help wash the dishes and wash our clothes.
A. enough young B. enough old C. old enough D. young enough
【点拨】C句意： 作为青少年，我们足够大了可以帮助做家务。我们可以帮忙洗碗和洗衣服。enough修饰形容词，位于形容词后，故排除A和B选项，根据 We can help wash the dishes and wash our clothes，可知能帮助做家务是年龄足够大了，old，年老的，故选C。
3.Cathy checked her paper ______ so that she could get good grades this time .
A. careful enough B. enough careful C. enough carefully D. carefully enough
【点拨】D 形容词/副词+enough for sb”对某人来说足够……. 这里enough修饰副词同样放在副词后面。故用D
4.这个房间已经足够干净了。
The room is ___________________________.
【点拨】clean enough
5.这个男孩足够强壮，他能提起这么重的行李。
The boy is _________strong __________ he can carry such a heavy suitcase.
=The boy is ___________ __________ __________ ___________ such a heavy suitcase.
【点拨】so that strong enough to carry “形容词/副词+enough to do”足够，以致能……可以与so。。。that 进行句式转换。
6.他年龄够大能上学。
He is __________ __________ to go to school.
=He is ________ old ________ he can go to school.
【点拨】old enough so that。“形容词/副词+enough to do”足够，以致能……
【典例分析】
要点10 few
（1）few 意为“少数的；很少的”，只修饰可数名词，表否定含义。例如：
I can see few birds in the tree. 我几乎看不到树上有鸟。
（2）a few 意为“几个；少许”，相当于several，只修饰可数名词复数，表肯定含义。例如：
He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。
【拓展】
（1）little 意为“很少；一点儿”，用于 “量；额；价值”等概念，修饰不可数名词，表否定含义。little还表示“小的”之意。例如：
There is little milk in the cup. 杯子里没有牛奶了。
A little boy is coming. 一个小男孩过来了。
（2）a little 意为“有点儿；少量”修饰不可数名词，表示肯定含义。例如：
He has a little money with him. 他随身带了点儿钱。
（3）a little也可以用作副词，修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语，表示“有点，稍稍”。例如：
He is a little tired. 他有点累了。
【典例分析】
一、选用few a few little a little 填空
1. Please hurry up. There is _________ time left.
【点拨】little。句意：请快点。剩下的时间不多了。Time 不可数名词。little 表示：几乎没有。little符合题意。
2. Please don’t worry. There is still _________ time left.
【点拨】a little 句意：请不要担心。还有一点时间。a little表示：有一点。
3. The box is very heavy. And ___________of us can lift it.
【点拨】few 句意：这个箱子很重。很少有人能举起它。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。
4. There is __________ink in my pen, Please give me____________.
【点拨】little a little 句意：我的钢笔里没有墨水，请给我一点。
5. Simon makes __________ friends in his class because he is very selfish and dishonest.
【点拨】few 句意：西蒙在班上很少交朋友，因为他非常自私和不诚实。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。
6.There is _________food in the cupboard. I must go and get some.
【点拨】little 句意：碗橱里几乎没有食物。我得去拿点。Little 几乎没有。符合题意。
7.The question is difficult and ____________ students can answer it.
【点拨】few 句意：这个问题很难，几乎没有学生能回答。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。
8.The question is difficult but ____________ students can answer it.
【点拨】a few 句意：这个问题很难，但有几个学生能回答。A few 有几个。
9.You should walk __________faster.
【点拨】a little. a little也可以用作副词，修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语.其它几个词都没有这种用法。
10 There are a lot of new books, but____________ of them are easy to read.
【点拨】few 。有很多新书，但是没几本容易读懂。
11. Mike did very well in this math exam and he made ______ mistakes in it.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
【点拨】B句意：马克在数学考试中做得很好，他很少犯错误。
A. little很少；修饰不可数名词；表示否定意义；B. few很少；修饰可数名词的复数，表示否定意义；C. a little一些，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意义；D. a few一些，修饰可数名词 的复数，表示肯定意义。这里mistakes是可数名词的复数，这里表示否定意义，根据题意，故选B。
【点睛】little和a little修饰不可数名词few和a few修饰可数名词little和few强调少a little和a few强调有一些.(a) few + 可数名词,(a) little + 不可数名词a few / a little 为肯定含义,还有一点few / little 为否定含义,没有多少了.He has a few friends.他有几个朋友.He has few friends.他几乎没有朋友.We still have a little time.我们还有点时间.There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时
12. —Hurry up! The movie is beginning.
—Don’t worry. There is still ______ time left
A. little B. a little C. a few D. few
【点拨】B句意：——快点！这部电影快开始了。——不要担心。仍然有一点儿时间剩下。
little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；a little一点，修饰不可数名词；a few一些，修饰可数名词；few几乎没有，修饰可数名词。根据Don't worry.可知不要担心，还有一些时间，修饰不可数名词time，故用a little。故选B。
要点11. What are English schools like
这里的be like意为“像……一样”，like是介词。这个句式是用来询问人的性格特征或者事物的属性。
1 要求对方对特定事物进行描述。
—What was the exam like 这次考试怎么样
—It was very difficult. 难极了。
② 询问天气情况。
—What is the weather like 天气怎么样？
—It’s fine. 天气不错。
③ 用于人时，既可指人的外表，也可指人的性格、品质。
—What is she like 她长得如何
—Very beautiful. 长得很漂亮。
—What is he like 他是怎样一个人
—He is very kind. 他很友好。
【拓展】
What does/do sb./sth. look like 这个句式是询问某个人或物的外貌特征。例如：
—What does the old man look like 那个老人长什么样？
—He is short and thin. 他又矮又瘦。
【典例分析】
1.广州夏天的天气如何？
________ ________ ________ ________ in Guangzhou in Summer.
________ ________ ________ ________ in Guangzhou in Summer.
【点拨】1.What’s the weather like How is the weather. what is the weather like。。。？ 是询问天气的句型，也可以用“How is the weather 。。。 ”
2. 你老师是怎样一个人？她既善良又美丽.
__________ your teacher ___________？
--She is very kind and beautiful.
【点拨】What’s like
3. — ______is the weather there in summer
—There’s ______rain.
A. How; a lot of B. What; a lot of C. How; too many D. What; too many
【点拨】A考查固定句式。How is the weather 是用来询问天气的句型, rain是不可数名词, 不能用too many来修饰。故选A。
4. ---What ____________ your teacher ________________
---She’s a pretty lady with long hair.
A. does; like B. does; look like C. is; like D. is; look like
【答案】B
【解析】句意：---你的老师看上去是什么样子？---她是一个留着长发的很漂亮的女士。考查短语意义辨析。be like：像……的样子（通常强调内在的性质，品格，性格等内在因素）；look like：看上去是……的样子（通常强调外貌、长相等外在因素）；根据pretty lady with long hair为外貌。故选B。
5. --- ________ is the weather in Beijing in summer
---It’s very hot.
A. What B. How C. What about D. How about
【答案】B
【解析】B句意：---在北京夏天天气怎么样呀？---天气很是炎热。考查句型结构辨析。根据句中没有like表示像……样子，因此不能用what；而how = what……like。故选B。
要点12 until
until意为“直到……”，有下列用法：
（1）作介词，后接时间名词，在句中作时间状语。例如：
She waited there until 9 o’clock. 她在那里一直等到9点钟。
（2）作连词，后接从句，引导时间状语从句。例如：
We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。
【拓展】
（1）until用在肯定句中，多与持续性的动词连用。如stand，wait，stay等，表示主句动作的终止时间。
He stayed there until midnight. 他在那里逗留到深夜。
（2）until可用于否定句中，即not…until…意为“直到……才”，常与非延续性动词连用。如open，start，leave，arrive等，强调主句动作开始的时间。例如：
The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back.
直到父亲回来，那个孩子才睡觉。
【典例分析】
1, 直到我去找老师帮忙，我才解出这道题。
I ___________ _______ the problem _________ I went to my teacher for help.
【点拨】didn’t solve until
2. 昨晚，直到爸爸回来我才睡觉。
I ________ ________ to bed ________ my father came back home.
【点拨】didn’t go until
3.昨晚他等我直到雨停下来。
He waited for me ________the rain stopped.
【点拨】until
4．—Excuse me, is it my turn now
—Not yet. Please wait on the chair ______ your name is called．
A．and B．until C．although D．since
【点拨】B。考查连词的用法。句意：“请问，现在轮到我了吗？”“还没有。请在椅子上等着，直到叫你的名字。”and意为“和”；until意为“直到……”；until 直到，肯定句主句谓语动词一定要有延续性。Wait是延续的的动词。although意为“虽然”；since意为“自从”。根据句意可知答案为B。
5. I didn’t finish my homework________ 10:30 last night.
A. until B. after C. though D. if
【点拨】A句意：昨晚直到10:30我才完成家庭作业。本题考查连词。A. until直到 B. after在…后 C. though 尽管D. if假如，not...until...表示“直到……才……”，符合语义，故选A。
6. We ______ until he came back.
A. left B. not leave C. waited D. wait
【点拨】 C .until 直到，用于否定句中表示“直到。。。才”主句谓语动词可用非延续性动词。B否定形式错误，要用didn’t leave。
要点13
1. 惊讶做某事 2. 玩得开心
3. 像…,…怎么样？ 4. 拍照
5. 大一点 6. 成排地坐着
7. 通过考试 8. 中学
9. 出席 10. 缺席
11.代替，而不是 12. 课外活动
13. 最重要的是
【点拨】1.be surprised to do 2.enjoy oneself 3.what is/are like 4.take photos 5. A bit bigger 6.sit in rows 7.pass the exam 8 secondary school 9.be present 10.be absent 11.instead of
12.after-school activities 13.above all
代词
代词有人称代词、指示代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词和疑问代词等。
考点一、人称代词（表示自身或人称的代词）
人称 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们
主格 I you he she it we you they
宾格 me you him her it us you them
（1）人称代词在句中可作主语、宾语（宾格）、表语等。
(2)在并列的主语中，“I”总放在最后。　
(3)she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。
(4)we可以表示包括自己在内的“人们”；you可以表示泛指的“任何人”。
it的用法：it可以用作人称代词，它还可以指时间、天气、距离、上下文等，另外，it还可以作先行词，作形式主语和形式宾语。
(1)作为人称代词，it可以用来指东西、动物、婴儿和未确定身份的人。
例：Where’s my pencil Have you seen it 我的铅笔在哪里？你看见了没有？
The dog is in the garden, isn’t it 狗在花园里，是吧？
The baby cried because it is hungry. 婴儿哭了，因为他/她饿了。
(Someone is ringing.) Who's it It’s me. (有人在按门铃。)谁呀？是我。
(2)it可以指上下文内容
例：The Olympic Game will be held in Beijing in 2008. It makes the Chinese proud.
　2008年将在北京举行奥运会。这使得中国人非常自豪。
(3)it表示时间、天气、距离等。
例：What time is it now It’s half past nine. 现在几点了？九点半
例：It is cold. 天气冷。
例：It’s about ten kilometers from the park to the museum. 公园到博物馆大约是十公里。
(4)it用作形式主语或形式宾语
例：It’s very important for us to learn English well. (实际主语是to learn English well)
　 对我们来说，学好英语很重要。
例：I found it hard to fly a kite. (实际主语是to fly a kite)
　 我发现放风筝很难。
考点二：物主代词
物主代词 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的
形容词性 my your his her its our your their
名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
形容词性物主代词在句中作定语，相当于一个形容词，后面需要接一个名词。名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、介词宾语），相当于一个名词 。
考点三：反身代词
我自己 你自己 他自己 她自己 它自己 我们自己 你们自己 他们自己
myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves oneself
反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词，词尾是self或selves。反身代词表示“某人自己”，与它所指代的名词或代词在人称、性、数上保持一致。
(1)反身代词用作同位语，表示强调
例：You’ll have to do it yourself. 你得自己去干。
The theory itself is all right. 这理论本身没有问题。
(2)反身代词与人称代词宾格的区别在于，只有当主语和宾语是同一个人时才使用反身代词。
例： He saw himself in the mirror. ( he和himself指的是 同一人)他在镜子里看见了自己。
He saw him in the mirror. (he和him指的不是同一人，him指代另一个人)
他在镜子里看见了他。
(3)反身代词的固定搭配是常考内容：
例：They enjoyed themselves at the party last night. 昨天晚上他们在聚会上玩得很开心。
Help yourself to some fish. 吃点鱼吧。
I taught myself swimming when I was six. 我六岁时自学了游泳。
反身代词常见固定搭配
by oneself (靠)自己
enjoy oneself 过得愉快
help oneself to 随便吃
teach oneself 自学
talk to oneself 自言自语　　
考点四：指示代词
指示代词包括this, that, these, those指示代词在句中可作主语、宾语（直接宾语，介词宾语）、表语和定语。
(1)表示空间上的远近：this和these表示近。that和those表示远。
例：No one had worked in this place for ages. 已经好多年没有人在这个地方工作过了。
I don’t like the look of those clouds.　 我不喜欢那些云的样子。
(2)表示时间上的远近。
例：These days the Olympics must mean the best. 现今，奥林匹克运动会肯定是水平最高的。
At that point he became worried. 就在那时，他变得担心起来。
注意：that和those有时可以用来代表前面刚提到过的名词以避免重复。
例：The best cotton is that from Xinjiang. 新疆的棉质量最好。
　 　
考点五：疑问代词
who 谁（指人，主格）
whom 谁（宾格）
whose 谁的（所有格）
what 什么（指物）
which 哪个（指人或物）
疑问代词引导疑问句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
例：Which do you like best, your mother or your father
Who is your favourite composer
考点六：关系代词
who (whom, whose), which, that等可用做关系代词，引导定语从句。例如：
He is a teacher who teaches English.
考点七：不定代词
some （一些，某）any some 一般用于肯定句中、any一般用于疑问句和否定句。 some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。在由would you like发出的问句中，或在说话者想得到对方的肯定答复时，在疑问句中要用some而不用any。如：Would you like some tea
everyeach every ＋单数名词 “每一个” 强调共性，作定语,形式上为单数。如: Every child likes playing games. each“每一个” 强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与of连用。each作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式，如：Each of us wants to learn English wellEach: 1、强调个体、2、指两者以上3. 作形容词或代词4.常与of 连用5.each other 彼此Every:1、强调全体、2、指三者以上3、只作形容词
all(全部)都none(全部)都没有 all 表示三者或三者以上，后常跟介词of 如： We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada. none 表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of 如：None of us is/are afraid of dogs.（单、复数均可）
both（两者）都either两者中任何一个neither(两者)都不 both 作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。 either 作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时，后跟名词单数。neither含有否定意义，用法同either。
another另一个otherthe other “another +单数名词”用于泛指one … the other “一个……，另一个……” the other +复数名词 = the others “其他的人或物” （指确定范围内剩下的全部） others “别人”如：There are ten students here. Where are the others There are ten students here Where are the other students other(后可加名词） others（本是名词）The other两个中的另一个（后可加名词）The others另外几个，其余的（本是名词）
either…or或者...或者neither…nor两者都不... either…or,或neither…nor连接两个主语时，要用到就近原则
one one作代词时，它的复数形式是ones,所有格形式是one‘s，反身代词为oneself.如果one与别的词组成其他词，如： someone, anyone, everyone或only one 则要用his/her，来作其所有格形式。
many / much a few一些 / few几乎没有little几乎没有a little有一些 many+可数名词 much+不可数名词a few / few+可数名词 a little / little+不可数名词
考点八：相互代词
相互代词包括each other和one another。相互代词有数和格的变化，each other's, one another's为所有格形式。
例：Most of us know each other pretty well.
The men shook hands with one another.
【典例训练】
1. The weather in summer in Beijing is cooler than_________ in Shanghai.
A. this B.it C. that D.one
2. Pass________ _the knife, please. My pencil is broken.
A. I B.me C.my D. mine
3. Tell him not to play with the knife. He may hurt________.
A. him B. himself C. yourself D. myself
4. —Whose painting is this It's really wonderful!
—Oh, it's not _________. It's_________.
A. hers, your B. mine, Elsa's C. your's, he's D. his, my
5. —Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning
—_________is OK. I'm free today and tomorrow.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
6. We go home _________six days.
A. all B. each C. both D. every
7. _________ of the teachers are kind in our school.
A. Every B. Each C. Either D. All
8. .—_________hat is this —It's_________.
A. Whose, me B. who, mine C. Whom, his D. Whose, mine
9. If you need _________ money, I'll lend you _________.
A. one, one B. any，some C. some，any D. any，any
10. He has_________ to tell us.
A. something important B. important something C anything useful D. useful nothing
11.You like this but I like_________.
A. this B. them C.it D. that
12.She will go skating and I'll do_________.
A. such B. same C. the same as D. the same
13.The sentence _________is wrong.
A. himself B. herself C. itself D.it
14.He is a teacher_________ I like very much.
A. what B. whose C. whom D. which
15.There're more than five hundred students in our school, but _________of them are from France.
A. none B. all C. neither D. both.
16. There are lots of trees on ______ side of the road
A. both B. all C. every D. either
17. They think Waikiki in Hawaii is better than_____________.
A. any beach B. any others C. any other beach D. the other beaches
18. -Who taught _______ French
- Nobaby, but he learned all by ______.
A. himself, his B. he, himself C. him ,himself D. your, mine
19. Why don't you get_________ to read while you are on holiday
A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing
20. During the examination no one is allowed to ask _____ questions.
A. some B. any C. each D. all
【答案】CBBBA DDDBA DDCCA DCCCB
介词
介词（preposition 简写prep.），又称作前置词，表示名词、代词等与句中其它词的关系，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语，表示与其他成分的关系。
介词分类 具体介词 用法说明 举例
时间介词 at ①表示在某一段时刻（具体时刻）②表示在……岁时 ①at dawn/day break： 在黎明①at six ：在6点钟①at 4:30 ：在4点30分at sixteen/at the age of sixteen ：16岁的时候
on 表示在星期几 / 具体某日 on Monday ：在星期一
on January fifth：在1月5日
on Christmas Day ：在圣诞节那一天 （也可用at Christmas）
in in来表示一天中的早中晚，月份，季节或年份 in the morning /afternoon / evening在早晨，下午，晚上
in January / February在一月，二月
in Spring在春天
in 2014 在2014年
during 用于已知的一段时间包括大家熟知的节日或者某种已确切限定的时期或阶段之前 during the Middle Ages： 在中世纪
during 1942 ：在1942年中
during the summer（of that year）：在（那一年的）夏季during his childhood ：在他童年时期
for 用来表示一段时间 for six years ：六年之久
for two months ：有两个月
方位介词 at ①表示在小地方表示“在 附近，旁边”
in ①表示 在大地方表示“在 范围之内”
on 表示毗邻，接壤，“在 上面”
to 表示在 范围外，不强调是否接壤；或“到 ”
below 表示在 正下方 There is a cat under the table. Please write your name below the line.
under 表示在 下，不一定在正下方
in front of 意思是“在 前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括，其反义词是behind（在 的后面）。 There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。)
in the front of 意思是“在 ..的前部”，即甲物在乙物的前部，反义词是at the back of…（在 范围内的后部）。 There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. 我们的教室前边有一块黑板。
beside 表示在 旁边
方法介词 by 表示“方法 ，手段” by bus ：搭公车
其它介词
介词 用法 例句
against 表示“反对”“违背”，其反义词为 for。若表示“强烈反对”，一般与副词 strongly搭配。 They are strongly against the idea. 他们强烈反对这个意见。
beyond 表示范围、水平、限度、能力等，意思是“超出；多于；为……所不能及”。 His bad behavior is beyond a joke. 他的不良行为超出了开玩笑的范围。
about about“关于”，多用于内容和观点比较一般性的情况。 What is your excuse about your being late yesterday 你昨天迟到的借口是什么？
like 意为“像……一样”，用于说明相似关系，实际上不是。 He talked to me like my father. 他像父亲那样跟我谈话。（他不是我父亲）
as 意为“作为，以……的身份”，后跟表示职业、职务、身份的名词。。 We chose him as captain of our team. 我们选他当我们的队长。
except 表示“除……之外（不包括在内）”，是从整体中除去一部分，常和否定代词和概括性代词连用。 We are all here except Li Ming.除了李明之外，我们都在这里。
into “往……里（进、蹦、跳）去”，常和动词连用。 Many frogs jumped into the lake.许多青蛙跳进了湖里。
with 表示伴随，意为“和……一起”。 She lives with her parents.她同父母住在一起。
without 表示“没有”，用作状语。 He left without saying a word.他什么也没有说就离开了。
for (1)表示目的，意为“为了”。 Let’s go for a walk. 让我们去散步吧。
(2)表原因、理由。 Sanya is famous for “Tianya Haijiao”． 三亚因“天涯海角”而出名。
(3)表用途、对象。 I think drinking milk is good for our health. 我认为喝牛奶对我们的健康有好处。
(4)表示价格 He sells his books for fifty yuan . 他以50元地价格卖掉了他的书。
along 表示“沿着，顺着”。 We’ve planted more than 1000 trees along the banks of the river．我们沿着河岸种了1000多棵树。
off 表示“离开，脱离”。 Keep off the grass. 勿踏草地。
【典例训练】
1.Lucy is flying to France soon. She will arrive Paris the morning of July 5th.
A. at; in B. in; in C. in; on D. at; on
2.How does your father go to work, foot or bike
A. on; with B. with; on C. by; on D. on; by
3.You look tired. working indoors, you should go out for a walk.
A. Ahead of B. In spite of C. In front of D. Instead of
4. The temperature will stay zero in the day-time, but at night it will fall zero again.
A. on; at B. up; down C. over; under D. above; below
5. --- What's your speech , Mr. Smith --- Tomorrow you will get it.
A. by B. of C. from D. on
6. There are lots of big apples that tree, and there are many birds the tree, too.
A. on; in B. in; on C. on; on D. in; in
7. She got the car and went a shop.
A. from; in B. through; onto C. out of; of D. out of; into
8. A person with good manners never laughs people when they are trouble.
A. on; in B. at; in C. on; to D. to; at
9. English is spoken the first language most people in the us.
A. as; by B. for; by C. by; as D. by; for
10. Jim waited the bus stop twenty minutes.
A. in; at B. for; for C. at; for D. from; of
11. Reading the sun isn't good your eyes.
A. under; for B. in: for C. in; at D. under; at
12. Mr. Green got the bus near the supermarket and then he went home foot.
A. off; on B. to; on C. on; by D. off; by
13. Swimming is good our health, but the same time we shouldn't forget the danger.
A. for; in B. for; at C. at ;at D. at; on
14. Some of us go to school a bike times.
A. by; on B. in; in C. on; at D. with; to
15. --- How are you going to meet your aunt at the airport Thursday morning
--- I'm going there my car.
A. on; in B. on; by C. in; by D. in; in
16. After class, I like playing computer games and chatting my friends the Internet.
A. to; by B. with; on C. for; in D. about; through
17. --- What would you do the lost library book
--- I would try to find it or pay it.
A. about; for B. for; to C. with; to D. with; for
18. --- What did you get your mother Mother's Day
--- A beautiful card with “Thank you, Mum”.
A. for; on B. for; in C. to; for D. to; at
19. These glasses are made glass and the coat is made wool.
A. of; from B. of; of C. from; from D. from; of
20. This photo reminds me the days when I worked the farm with my father.
A. on; in B. in; at C. of; on D. on; at
【答案】CDDDD ADBAC BABCA BDABC
话题2：介绍学校生活
本模块的话题是“学校生活”。学生在具体的写作中应做到以下几点:
1.能描写现在的学校生活,并能与之前的学校生活进行比较;
2.能够阐述自己对学校生活的看法;
3.能了解并介绍其他国家的学校生活。
【常用词汇】
row一排　　　　 swimming pool游泳池 pass及格;通过 absent缺席的
bell钟;铃 secondary school中学 have a test测验 pass the exam通过考试
have a break休息一下 be late for迟到 primary school小学 after school activity课外活动
pay attention to注意 fail in the exam考试不及格 make great progress in在……方面取得巨大进步
【常用句型】
We go to school every weekday from 8:45 am to 3:15 pm.
What are English schools like
Once a term, there is a parents’ meeting.
How did your exams go last term
There are three forty minute lessons, with a twenty minute break in between.
Of all the school clubs, I like English Club best.
We can set up a reading corner in order to read at any time after class.
Last year when my classmates took part in a sports event, I cheered and took photos for them.
At school, we should respect our teachers, get on well with our classmates and study hard.
【实战演练】
初中生活即将结束，丰富多彩的学校活动一定给你留下了许多美好的回忆。根据图表提示，选择一次你最喜欢的活动进行描述。
内容包括：1. 此次活动的过程；
2. 你的收获或感受。
注意：1. 词数80～100；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 文中不能出现与本人相关的信息；
4. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。
My junior school life is coming to an end. I had a lot of sweet memories. _____________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
My junior school life is coming to an end. I had a lot of sweet memories. Of them I'd like to share with you my favorite story about a basketball game.
Our team got a good start by beating two strong teams. However, our captain hurt his finger during the third game. He is the brain of our team. Thinking of losing of the center, we were all down and couldn't concentrate on the next match. Our captain found this and encouraged us to fight on and cheered us up. With the help of our captain we played as well as the first two games. Seeing our captain waving his injured finger, we made our biggest effort in the following games.
With the cheers of the students we won the match. During the celebrations we threw our captain into the air. I would never forget it because I understood the importance of teamwork for the first time.
思维导图
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句。
知识要点二：语法
当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you, he, she, I,而复数时为we, you, they.如男女并列时，应先男后女，如：He and she … we, 如：Tom and I are good friends.
指示代词常见固定搭配
like this 像这样
that’s all right 没关系
more than that 更重要的是
for all that 尽管如此
So that’s that. 就是这样。
知识要点三：书面表达
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