Unit2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.同步导学精炼（知识点与语法汇总）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
八下Unit2
I’ll
help
to
clean
up
the
city
parks.
一、重点短语和表达
Section
A
1.You
could
help
to
clean
up
the
city
parks.你可以帮助打扫干净城市公园。
（1）could情态动词，此处意为"可以，不妨"，表示委婉、客气的建议，其后接动词原形。
例：We
could
write
a
letter
to
the
headmaster.我们可以给校长写一封信。
cican
up表示"打扫（或清除）干净;把…
…收拾干净"，是"动词＋副词"构成的短语动词。当名词做宾语时，名词可放在短语之后，也可放在中间;如果代词做宾语，代词只能放在短语中间。
例：Please
clean
up
your
room.=Please
clean
your
room
up.请把你的房间收拾干净。
There
is
some
broken
glass
on
the
ground;
please
clean
it
up.地上有些碎玻璃，请打扫干净。
2.The
girl
could
visit
the
sick
kids
in
the
hospital
to
cheer
them
up.
这个女孩可以去看望医院里生病的孩子并让他们高兴起来。
cheer
up表示"（使）变得更高兴;振奋起来"，是"动词+副词"构成的短语动词，既可以做不及物短语动词使用，也可做及物短语动词使用。代词做宾语时要放在
cheer
和
up
之间。
例：Cheer
up!
Our
troubles
will
soon
be
over.振作起来!我们的困难很快就会过去。
Lucy
looks
unhappy.
Let's
go
and
cheer
her
up.露西看起来不开心，让我们去使她高兴起来吧。
（2）cheer
动词，意为"欢呼;喝彩"。
例：The
young
people
cheered
loudly
when
the
star
appeared.当那位明星出现时那些年轻人高声欢呼。
【拓展】
cheer
也可用作可数名词，意为"欢呼声;喝彩声"。
例：We
heard
their
loud
cheers.我们听到了他们响亮的欢呼声。
3.The
boy
could
give
out
food
at
the
food
bank.这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。
give
out表示"分发;散发"，是由"动词+副词"构成的短语动词，代词做宾语时要放在短语中间，相当于
hand
out。
例：Please
help
me
give
out
these
test
papers.请帮我分发这些测试卷。
They
took
a
lot
of
fod
and
gave
it
all
out
to
the
kids.他们带了许多食物并全部分发给了孩子们。
【拓展】由
give
构成的常见短语动词
give
up
放弃
give
away
捐赠
give
off
发出;放出
give
back
归还
give
out
分发
give
in
屈服
4.The
girl
could
volunter
in
an
after-school
study
program
to
teach
kids.
这个女孩可以自愿在一个课外学习小组教孩子们。
volunteer此处用作动词，意为"义务做;自愿做"，后常跟介词
for。
常用结构：volunteer
to
do
sth."自愿做某事"。
例：We
volunteer
for
the
work
in
the
club.我们自愿在俱乐部里做这项工作。
He
always
volunteered
to
do
the
most
dangerous
work.他总是自愿做最危险的工作。
【拓展】volunteer
还可用作名词，意为"志愿者"。
例：I’d
like
to
be
a
volunteer
for
the
Olympics
我想成为一名奥运会志愿者。
5.We
can't
put
off
making
a
plan.
我们不能推迟制订计划。
put
off表示"推迟;拖延"，是由"动词+副词"构成的短语动词，其后可接名词、代词或动词ing形式做宾语。代词做宾语时，只能放在
put
和off之间。
例：They
put
off
the
picnic
because
of
the
storm.因为暴风雨，他们推迟了野餐。
Don't
put
off
writing
to
her.不要拖延给她写信。
You
needn't
go
to
the
piano
lesson.
The
teacher
has
put
it
off.
你不必去上钢琴课了。老师已经把课推迟了。
【拓展】由
put
构成的常用短语
put
away
把…
...放好
put
up
张贴;举起
put
on穿上;增加体重
put
out熄灭
6.Let's
make
some
notices，too让我们也做一些通知单吧。
notice
此处用作可数名词，意为"通知;通告"。
例：There
is
a
notice
on
the
board
saying
the
class
has
been
cancelled.
布告牌上有一则通知说这堂课取消了。
【拓展】notice的其他用法
①notice
还可用作不可数名词，意为"预告;警告"。
例：We
can't
change
these
rules
without
notice.没有预先通知，我们不可以更改这些规则。
②notice还可用作动词，意为"注意到;意识到;留心;看到"。其常用结构为：
notice
sb.do
sth.
注意到某人做了某事
notice
sb.doing
sth.
注意到某人正在做某事
例：I
noticed
him
leave
the
clssroom.我注意到他离开了教室。
He
noticed
the
boy
following
him.他注意到那个男孩正跟踪他。
7.We
need
tocome
up
with
a
plan
for
the
City
Park
Clean-Up
Day.我们需要为城市公园清洁日想出一个计划。come
up
with表示"想出;提出（主意、计划、回答等）"，后常接
idea、
plan、solution、advice
等名词，相当于
think
of。
例：We
must
come
up
with/think
of
a
good
idea.
我们必须想出一个好主意。
He
came
up
with/thought
of
a
new
plan
at
last.最后他想出了一个新计划。
【拓展】"动词+up
with"结构的短语
catch
up
with
赶上;追上
keep
up
with
跟上;紧跟
put
up
with
容忍;
忍得住
end
up
with
以…
…结束
8.They
told
me
stories
about
the
past
and
how
things
used
to
be.
他们给我讲过去的生活经历，讲过去是什么样子的。
（1）how
things
used
to
be在句中做told的宾语，是宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序。
例：Can
you
tell
me
where
I
can
find
a
good
job?你能告诉我在哪里可以找到一份好工作吗?
（2）"used
to+动词原形"表示"过去常常…
…"，只用于过去时态，没有人称和数的变化。其疑问句和否定句常借助
did。
例：Mr.Wu
used
to
walk
after
supper.吴先生过去常常在晚饭后散步。
Did
you
use
to
swim
in
the
lake
near
the
village?你过去常常在村子附近的湖里游泳吗?
【拓展】
be
used
to
doing
sth.
表示"习惯于做某事"，其中
to
为介词。
例：My
father
is
used
to
living
in
the
countryside.我父亲习惯生活在乡下。
9.Yeah，a
lot
of
old
people
are
lonely.是的，许多老人都很孤独。
lonely形容词，意为"孤独的;寂寞的"，常在句中做表语，表示人在主观上感到孤独、寂寞，含"忧郁"之意。
例：Sarah
felt
lonely
because
her
best
friend
left
the
small
town.
萨拉感到寂寞，因为她最好的朋友离开了这个小镇。
【拓展】
lonely还可表示"偏僻的;荒凉的;人迹罕至的"，用作此含义时，常在句中做定语，修饰地点名词。
例：The
old
man
lives
in
a
lonely
village.那位老人住在一个偏僻的村子里。
10.We
should
listen
to
them
and
care
for
them.我们应该倾听他们，关爱他们。
care
for表示"照顾;照料"，相当于look
after
或take
care
of，其宾语常为表示人的名词或代词。
例：She
cares
for/takes
care
of/looks
afer
her
sick
daughter
patiently.她耐心地照顾她生病的女儿。
【拓展】
①care
for
还可以表示"喜欢"，宾语常是表示物的名词或代词，多用于否定句或疑问句中。
例：She
doesn't
care
for
skating.
她不喜欢滑冰。
②care
about
表示"计较;在乎"，指由于某事重要或因为责任而关注。
例：She
cares
deeply
about
environment
issues.她对环境问题深感担忧。
I
get
such
a
strong
feeling
of
satisfaction
when
I
see
the
animals
get
better
and
the
look
of
joy
on
their
owners'faces.
当我看到动物们（病情）渐好，看到它们主人脸上的喜悦表情时，我产生出那么一种极强的满足感来。
satisfaction
不可数名词，意为"满足;满意"。
例：I
heard
the
news
with
much
satisfaction.
.听到这个消息，我感到非常满意。
【拓展】
satisfy动词，意为"使满意";satisfied形容词，意为"满意的"，常用短语：
be
satisfied
with"对…
…感到满意"。
例：We
must
satisfy
the
people's
needs.我们必须满足人们的需求。
They
were
satisfied
with
the
new
house.他们对新房子很满意。
（2）joy不可数名词，意为"高兴;愉快"，常用搭配：to
one's
joy"令某人高兴的是"。
例：To
our
joy,Chinese
team
won
the
football
game
at
last.
令我们高兴的是，最终中国队赢了这场足球比赛。
（3）owner
意为"物主;主人"，是由动词own（拥有）加名词后缀-er构成的名词。
例：Who's
the
owner
of
the
watch?谁是这块手表的主人?
12.She
could
read
by
herself
at
the
age
of
four.她在四岁时就能够独自看书了。
（1）by
oneself表示"单独地;靠自己地"。其中
oneself要根据主语的形式进行相应的变化。
例：His
father
lives
by
himself
in
the
village.他的父亲独自住在村里。
I
have
studied
by
myself
for
an
hour.我已经独自学习一个小时了。
（2）at
the
age
of表示"在…
…岁时"，后面接表示年龄的基数词，相当于"at
age+基数词"或"when
sb.
was…
year（s）old"。
例：She
could
swim
at
the
age
of
six.=
She
could
swim
at
age
six
=She
could
swim
when
she
was
six
years
old.她六岁时就会游泳。
Last
year,she
decided
to
try
out
for
a
volunter
after-school
reading
program.
去年，她决定参加课后阅读课程处的志愿者选拔。
try
out意为"参加…
…选拔;试用"。当意为"参加…
…选拔"时常与介词for连用，表示"参加…
…选拔（或试演）"，尤指运动比赛或者角色的选拔。
例：I'm
going
to
try
out
the
car
tomorrow.我打算明天去试驾这辆车。
Over
sixty
boys
came
to
try
out
for
the
basketball
team.
60多个男孩来参加了篮球队的选拔。
I
will
try
out
for
the
lead
in
the
play
next
week.下周我将参加该剧主角的选拔。
..
but
you
can
see
in
their
eyes
that
they're
going
on
a
different
journey
with
each
new
book.
…
…但是你可以从他们的眼睛里看到，他们每读一本新书就像在进行一次不同的旅行。
journey可数名词，意为"（尤指长途）旅行;行程"。常用短语：go
on
a
jurney"进行一次旅行"，相当于
make
a
journey。
例：Life
is
a
long
journey
from
birth
to
death.从出生到死亡，人生是一个漫长的旅程。
Helen
wemt
on
a
journey
to
Paris海伦进行了一次巴黎之旅。
【辨析】journey，trip
与
travel
journey
一般指在陆地上进行的长途旅行
trip
通常指往返定时的短途旅行
travel
惯用复数形式。泛指旅行各地，表示旅行的路途远、时间长，尤指出国旅行
例：He
made
a
journey
to
Mount
Tai
last
month.上个月他去泰山旅行了。
I'm
going
to
make
a
trip
to
Hangzhou.我准备去杭州旅游。
Did
you
go
to
Tokyo
during
your
travels?这次旅行你去东京了吗?
15.Volunteering
here
is
a
dream
come
true
for
me.在这里当志愿者对我来说是梦想成真。
（1）volunteering是动词-ing形式，在此处做主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
例：Doing
eye
exercises
is
one
of
the
useful
ways
to
protect
our
eyes.
做眼保健操是保护我们眼睛的有用的方法之一。
come
true表示"实现"，是不及物短语动词，其主语常是
dream、
hope、plan等。dreams
come
true为固定短语，意为"美梦成真"。
例：Her
dream
of
being
a
doctor
has
come
true.她当医生的愿望实现了。
【拓展】
achieve
及物动词，意为"实现;完成"，其主语是人。
例：Work
hard,and
you
will
achieve
your
goal.努力工作，你就会实现你的目标。
16.For
example,
we
can
mmke
plans
to
visit
sick
children
in
the
hospital
or
raise
money
for
homless
people.例如，我们可以制订计划去看望医院里生病的孩子或者为无家可归的人募捐。
rise及物动词，意为"募集;征集"。常用搭配：raise
money
for"为…
…筹钱"。
例：We
are
raising
money
for
the
blind
children.我们正在为失明儿童募捐。
【拓展】raise
的其他含义
raise
还可意为"饲养;提高;举起"等。
例：The
farmers
raise
cows
and
sheep.农民饲养奶牛和绵羊。
The
simplest
way
is
to
raise
prices.最简单的办法是提高价格。
She
raised
her
right
hand
to
answer
the
teacher's
question.她举起右手回答老师的问题。
Some
people
even
stop
doing
their
jobs
for
a
few
months
to
a
year
to
move
to
another
place…
有些人甚至停下他们的工作几个月到一年，移居到另一个地方…
…
stop
doing
sth.
表示"停止做某事"。
例：The
two
girls
stopped
talking
when
they
saw
me.那两个女孩看到我就停止了说话。
【辨析】stop
doing
sth.与stop
to
do
sth.
stop
doing
sth.
指停止正在做的事情，其中动词-ing
形式做宾语
stop
to
do
sth.
指停止正在做的事情而去做另外一件事情，其中动词不定式做目的状语
例：They
were
very
tired,
but
they
didn't
stop
working.尽管很累，但他们没有停止工作。
She
stopped
to
look
and
smile
at
us.
她停下来微笑地看着我们。
18.Ⅰ
want
to
travel
alone.我想独自旅游。
alone
副词，意为"独自;单独"，在句中做状语，相当于
by
oneself。
例：He
likes
living
alone.=He
likes
living
by
himself.他喜欢独自生活。
【拓展】alone
还可做形容词，意为"独自的;单独的"。
例：Lisa
was
alone
at
home
yesterday.莉萨昨天一个人待在家里。
【辨析】alone
与
lonely
alone
副词，"独自，单独"
侧重于说明独自一人，强调客观情况
形容词，"单独的"
lonely
形容词，"孤独的;寂寞的"
侧重指因缺少陪伴所产生的一种悲伤的情感，带有浓厚的感彩
形容词，"荒凉的"
多修饰表示地点的名词
例：She
often
feels
lonely
when
she
is
alone
at
home.独自一个人在家的时候她常感到寂寞。
He
lives
alone
in
a
lonely
mountain
village.他独自生活在一个偏僻的山村。
Section
B
1.Ⅰ
take
after
my
mother.我像我妈妈。
take
after表示"（外貌或行为）像"，相当于
be
similar
to，其中
after
是介词，其后常接名词或代词。
例：His
daughter
does
not
take
after
him
in
any
way.他的女儿一点儿也不像他。
【辨析】take
after
与
look
like
take
after
指由于血缘关系而在外貌、性格等方面相似
look
like
意为"看起来像…
…"，尤指外貌相像
例：Lucy
is
warm-hearted.
She
really
takes
after
her
mother
very
much.
露西为人热心，这点真是很像她妈妈。
The
girl
looks
like
her
aunt
very
much.那个女孩长得很像她姑姑。
2.Ⅰ
gave
it
away.我把它捐献了。
give
away表示"赠送;捐赠"，是"动词+副词"结构的短语动词。代词做宾语时只能放在动词与副词之间;宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可。
例：—What
are
you
packing
so
many
books
for,Grandma?奶奶，你为什么打包这么多书?
—I'l
give
them
away
to
the
kids
in
West
China.我要把它们捐赠给中国西部的孩子们。
The
old
man
has
given
away
all
his
money.这位老人把他所有的钱都捐了出来。
【拓展】
give
away
还可表示"分发（奖品等）"。
例：The
headmaster
gave
away
the
prizes
to
the
winners.校长向获胜者颁发了奖品。
I
repaird
it.我把它修好了。
repair
动词，意为"修理;修补"。
例：I
have
to
repair
my
car
this
Sunday.这个星期天我必须修理一下我的汽车。
【辨析】repair，mend
与
fix
repair
常指修补破损的东西、损失重大或构造较复杂的事物，如房屋、汽车、桥梁的修理，比
mend和
fix
正式
mend
着重指修理简单的日常用品或缝补衣物
fix
侧重于"安装"，常用来指修理机器。固定短语为
fix
up
例：The
man
repaired
the
car
for
his
neighbour.那位男士为他的邻居修好了汽车。
Lily
is
learning
to
mend
her
clothes.莉莉正学习缝补她的衣服。
The
workers
are
fixing
the
machine.工人们正在安装机器。
4.Jimmy
fixes
up
broken
bicycle
parts，like
wheels.吉米修理损坏的自行车零件，比如车轮。
broken形容词，意为"破损的;残缺的"，在句中常做表语或定语。
例：My
watch
is
broken.我的手表坏了。
Broken
glass
is
very
dangerous.
碎玻璃是很危险的。
【拓展】
break用作动词时，意为"打破;使折断"，其过去式和过去分词分别是
broke
和
broken。
例：She
broke
a
leg
in
a
skiing
accident.她在一次滑雪事故中摔断了一条腿。
5.I'm
sure
you
know
that
this
group
was
set
up
to
help
disabled
people
like
me.
我相信你知道这个组织是为帮助像我一样的残疾人而建立的。
set
up表示"建起;设立"，常与表示组织、机构、团体等意义的名词连用，如
government、company、business、school、hospital等。
例：They
set
up
a
new
business.他们创办了一家新公司。
A
new
middle
school
has
been
set
up
in
the
village.这个村子里建了一所新中学。
（2）disabled形容词，意为"丧失能力的;有残疾的"。the
disabled表示"残疾人"。"the+形容词"表示一类人，在句中做主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式，
例：It
is
our
duty
to
help
disabled
people.
帮助残疾人是我们的职责。
The
disabled
need
looking
after.残疾人需要照顾。
【拓展】
英语中一些词加否定前缀
dis-可构成相应的反义词，例如：
agree（同意）→disagree（不同意）
like（喜欢）→dislike（不喜欢）
You
helped
to
make
it
possible
for
me
to
have
Lucky.
有了你的帮助，我才有可能拥有"幸运儿"（狗名）。
"make
it+形容词（+for
sb.）+动词不定式（短语）"是一个固定句型，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语，形容词做宾语补足语。
例：Sports
can
make
it
easier
for
people
to
unify.体育可以让人们更容易地统一起来。
【拓展】
类似此用法的动词还有
feel、find、consider、think
等。
例：I
feel
it
possible
to
get
there
before
eight.我觉得八点前到那里是有可能的。
I
think
it
easy
to
make
up
a
sentence
with
the
word.我认为用这个单词造句很简单。
Or
imagine
you
can't
walk
or
use
your
hands
easily.
或者想象一下你不能走路或自如地使用你的双手。
imagine动词，意为"想象;设想"。其后可接名词、代词、动词-ing
形式或宾语从句。
例：We
can
hardly
imagine
life
without
electric
lights.我们简直不能设想没有电灯的生活。
Did
you
imagine
becoming
a
pilot?你想象过自己成为一名飞行员吗?
I
can't
imagine
what
will
happen
next.我想象不出接下来会发生什么。
8…but
many
people
have
these
dificulties.
…
…但很多人有这些困难。
difficulty
可数名词，意为"困难;难题"，其复数形式需要变y为i再加-es。
例：We
will
meet
with
many
difficulties
in
the
journey
of
life.在人生的旅途中我们会遇到很多困难。
【拓展】
difficulty表示抽象意义上的"困难"时是不可数名词，常用结构：have
difficulty（in）doing
sth."做某事有困难";have
no/little
difficulty（in）
doing
sth."做某事毫无难度"
例：Do
they
have
any
difficulty
(in)
keeping
five
children
in
school?他们供五个孩子上学有困难吗?
He
had
no
diffculty（in）studying
math.他学习数学毫不费力。
9.I
can't
use
my
arms
or
legs
well,so
normal
things
like
answering
the
telephone,opening
and
closing
doors,or
carrying
things
are
diffcult
for
me.我不能自如地使用我的手臂和双腿，所以像接电话、开门和关门或搬运东西这样平常的事情对我来说都很难。
open
动词，意为"开;打开"，其反义词是
close。
例：Could
you
please
open
the
window?
请你把窗户打开好吗?
【辨析】open
与
turn
on
open
指将原来关闭或合着的东西打开，如打开门、窗、盒、箱、书等物品
turn
on
指打开（水龙头、电器、煤气等的）开关
例：She
can't
wait
to
open
the
box.她迫不及待地打开这个盒子。
Would
you
please
turn
on
the
light?
请你开灯好吗?
【拓展】
open还可用作形容词，意为"开着的"，表示状态，其反义词是closed"关闭的"。
例：All
the
doors
are
open
now.现在所有的门都是开着的。
carry
动词，意为"背，运送，（肩）挑、扛，抱"等。
例：Who's
carrying
the
heaviest
box?谁在搬运最重的箱子?
He
rushed
out
and
carried
the
child
to
safety.他冲出去把那个孩子抱到安全的地方。
【辨析】carry，take，bring
与
get
carry
"运送;搬运"，无明确的方向性
take
"拿走"，指把东西从近处拿到远处
bring
"带来"，指把东西从远处拿到近处
get
"取来"，指去某处把东西拿来，再回到说话者所在地，是一个来回的过程
例：Let
me
help
you
carry
some
books.让我帮你搬些书吧。
Take
some
bread
to
your
room.带点面包到你的房间去。
Bring
your
homework
here
tomorrow.明天把你的作业带到这里来。
Please
go
and
get
me
some
fruit.请去给我拿些水果来。
She
talked
to
Animal
Helpers
about
getting
me
a
special
trained
dog.
她与"动物帮手"组织联系，试图给我找一只特殊的、经过训练的狗。
train及物动词，意为"训练"。常用搭配：train
sb./sth.
to
do
sth."训练某人/某物做某事"，train
sb.in
sth."在某方面培养或训练某人"。其名词形式为
training"训练"。
例：
Try
to
train
children
to
be
good
citizens.努力把孩子们培养成好公民。
The
father
trains
his
son
in
medicine.这位父亲培养自己的儿子学医。
【拓展】train
的其他用法
①train用作不及物动词，表示"锻炼;受训练"，相当于exercise。
例：The
boy
is
training
for
the
coming
sports
meeting.这个男孩正在为即将到来的运动会而接受训练。
②train
用作可数名词，意为"火车"。
例：I
must
get
up
early
to
catch
the
train.我必须早起赶火车。
11…I
was
excited
about
the
idea
of
having
a
dog.
…
…我对于有一只狗的想法感到激动。
excited形容词，意为"激动的;兴奋的"，常用短语：be
excited
about"对…
…感到激动/兴奋"，
例：I
was
very
excited
about
the
good
news.我对这个好消息感到非常兴奋。
【辨析】excited
与exciting
excited
"激动的;兴奋的"，通常在句中做表语，一般修饰或说明"人"
exciting
"令人激动的;令人兴奋的"，在句中既可以做表语，也可以做定语，通常修饰或说明事物
例：We
are
excited
about
the
exciting
match.这场令人兴奋的比赛让我们热血沸腾。
12...I'm
only
able
to
have
a"dog
helper"because
of
your
kindnes!
…
…因为你的善良我才能拥有一个"狗狗帮手"!
kindness
不可数名词，意为"仁慈;善良"。
例：He
did
it
all
out
of
kindness.他出于好意才做了这一切。
Thanks
to
your
kindness,I
found
the
lost
pet.多亏了你好心，我找到了失踪的宠物。
【拓展】"形容词＋-ness"构成的名词还有：
happy→happiness（幸福）
good→goodness（善良）
sad→sadness（悲伤）
ill→illness（疾病）
13.Lucky
is
very
clever
and
understands
many
English
words."幸运儿"很聪明，能听懂很多英语单词。
understand动词，意为"理解;领会;明白"，其过去式为
understood。常用搭配：make
oneself
understood"让别人理解自己（所说的）"。
例：I
can't
understand
French.我听不懂法语。
At
last
he
understood
the
instructions.最后他明白了这些指令的意思。
He
is
trying
to
make
himself
understood.他在努力让别人理解自己。
14.Thank
you
again
for
changing
my
life.再次感谢你改变了我的生活。
change
one's
life意为"改变某人的生活"，其中
change用作动词，意为"改变;更换"
例：
Computers
change
our
life.电脑改变了我们的生活。
Sheila
has
changed
the
color
of
her
hair.希拉换了她头发的颜色。
【拓展】
change
还可用作名词，意为"变化"，是可数名词；意为"零钱"，是不可数名词。
例：This
change
of
the
state
is
a
physical
one.这种状态变化是物理变化。
【练习】
1.（广西贺州中考）
Dave
failed
in
the
singing
competition.
He's
very
sad
now.
Let's
go
to
.
A.
wake
him
up
B.
cheer
him
up
C.
pick
him
up
D.take
him
up
2.（青海中考）—Would
you
please
help
me
the
invitations
to
all
my
friends?
—Sure.
You'd
better
let
me
know
their
phone
numbers.
A.
make
up
B.clean
out
C.
give
out
3.（湖南永州中考）
The
school
sports
meeting
will
be
because
of
the
heavy
rain.
A.
put
up
B.
put
on
C.
put
off
4.（四川绵阳中考）
I
need
to
with
some
ways
of
getting
money,or
I’ll
have
to
stop.
A.
pick
up
B.
come
up
C.
take
up
D.
set
up
5.（贵州黔西南中考）
Maria
watch
TV,
but
how
she
listening
to
music.
A.
used
to;
is
used
to
B.
is
used
to;used
to
C.used
to;
used
to
D.
is
used
to;is
used
to
6.（湖北随州中考）这位父亲很孤独而且经常因孩子的吵闹而发怒。
The
father
was
and
often
became
angry
because
of
the
children.
7.（广东深圳中考改编）—My
mom
is
ill.
I
have
to
stay
at
home
and
look
after
her.
—I'm
sorry
to
hear
that.I
hope
she
can
get
better
soon.
A.look
at
B.look
for
C.
care
for
D.
care
about
8.（浙江丽水中考改编）
Who
is
the
(own)of
the
new
sports
car?
9.At
present
more
and
more
students
choose
online
courses
and
study
by
(they).
10.（江苏苏州中考改编）为什么不参加校足球队的选拔呢?
Why
not
the
school
football
team?
（云南中考）As
long
as
all
the
Chinese
people
pull
together,our
Chinese
Dream
will
.
A.come
true
B.come
out
C.
come
up
D.
come
down
12.（宁夏中考）
Suddenly
the
house
began
to
shake.
He
stopped
music
and
rushed
out.
A.
to
listen
to
B.
to
listen
C.
listening
D.
listening
to
13.（云南中考）
Jack
takes
after
his
father.
They're
both
tall
and
strong.
A.
looks
like
B.
waits
for
C.
takes
care
of
D.
feels
excited
about
14.（山东济宁中考改编）
The
two
stars
over
10,000,000
yuan
to
help
the
poor
in
2015.
A.gave
up
B.
gave
off
C.
gave
out
D.
gave
away
15.（江苏常州中考）
Don't
touch
the
(break)
glass.
It
may
hurt
your
hand.
16.（湖北黄冈中考）—What
should
we
do
for
the
disabled
children
in
the
Children's
Home?
—You're
supposed
to
a
study
group
to
help
them.
A.
take
up
B.
fix
up
C.
set
up
D.
stay
up
17.（山东日照中考改编）你能想象海底生活会是什么样的吗?
what
it
would
be
like
to
live
under
the
sea?
18.（黑龙江绥化中考）
Trust
him!
He
has
no
difficulty
(work)
out
this
problem.
19.（四川凉山中考改编）
The
children
were
all
(excite)because
of
the
games.
20.（陕西咸阳中考改编）—Do
you
have
any
dfficulty
in
(speak)English?
—Yes,
but
I
try
to
make
myself
(understand).
二、重点语法
动词不定式
1.动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，通常由"to+动词原形"构成。
其中to是动词不定式符号，在有些情况下可以省略。动词不定式的否定形式为：not
to+动词原形。
例：Mr.
Li
told
me
to
listen
carefully
in
class.李老师要求我上课认真听讲。
Please
tell
Jim
not
to
come
late
next
time.请告诉吉姆下次别迟到了。
2.动词不定式在句中可以用作宾语、宾语补足语，状语、主语、定语、表语等，没有人称和数的变化。
功能
示例
做宾语：want、decide、hope、ask、agree、choose、learn、plan、need、expect、
refuse等动词后常接不定式做宾语（动词不定式符号
to
不可以省略）
Tony
wants
to
find
a
job
as
a
teacher
in
China.托尼想在中国找一份做老师的工作。I
decided
to
help
the
homeless
people.我决定帮助那些无家可归的人。
做宾语补足语：此时可以是带
to的不定式，也可以是不带
to的不定式，这主要取决于谓语动词
He
asked
me
to
help
him
with
his
Englis.他请求我帮他学英语。
Her
words
made
me
feel
happy.她的话让我感到开心。
做状语：动词不定式做状语表示目的、结果或原因
He
came
to
Bejing
to
have
a
meeting.他来北京开会。He
is
too
young
to
look
after
himself.他太小，不能照顾自己.
做主语：动词不定式做主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;为了避免句子头重脚轻，常用
it
做形式主语
To
give
is
better
than
to
take.奉献比索取好。It's
necessary
for
us
to
learn
English
well.
对我们来说，学好英语是必要的。
做定语：此时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后
He
is
the
first
man
to
walk
on
the
moon.他是第一个在月球上行走的人。
做表语：动词不定式做表语，一般表示具体的动作或说明主语的内容、性质、特征等
Her
job
was
to
look
after
the
sick
boy.她的工作是照顾这个生病的男孩。His
wish
is
to
be
a
policeman.他的愿望是当一名警察。
①跟不带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词主要有感官动词（see、feel、
watch、hear）和使役动词（let、make、have）等。
例：I
saw
the
teacher
get
out.
我看到老师出去了。
They
made
the
children
work
12
hours
a
day.他们让孩子们一天工作
12
个小时。
②动词不定式可以和疑问词
what、which、who、how、when、where等'连用，构成不定式短语，在句子中做主语、宾语、表语等成分，在做宾语时往往可以改写成宾语从句。
例：I
don't
know
what
to
do
next.=I
don't
know
what
I
should
do
next.我不知道接下来该做什么。
短语动词
在英语中，许多动词和介词或副词连用，构成一个固定词组，这个词组可以看作一个整体，与实义动词用法相同，这类词组叫作短语动词。
类型与说明
示例
动词+介词：相当于及物动词，其后可跟宾语，且宾语位于介词之后
ask
for
请求;look
at
看;look
for
寻找;look
after照顾;take
after与…
…相像;come
from来自;hearfrom收到…
…来信;think
of想起;depend
on依靠;wait
for
等待
动词+副词：既可以用作及物动词，也可以用作不及物动词
cheer
up（使）振奋;clean
up打扫干净;fix
up修理;give
away赠送;give
out分发;give
up放弃;pick
out挑选出;put
off推迟;put
up建立;take
away拿走;work
out算出;look
up查阅
动词+副词+介词：相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词后
add
up
to合计达;catch
up
with赶上;come
up
with提出，想出;get
along
with
与…
…相处;keep
away
from避免;look
forward
to期望;run
out
of耗尽
动词+名词：此类短语中的动词主要有have、take、make、tell等
have
a
rest休息一下;have
a
try尝试一下;take
a
walk散步;take
place发生;make
mistakes
犯错;tell
a
lie撒谎
动词+名词+介词：相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词后
make
fun
of
取笑;make
use
of
利用;pay
attention
to注意;take
care
of照顾;have
a
look
at看一看
be+形容词+介词：相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词后
be
late
for迟到;be
angry
with生气;be
good
at
擅长;be
similar
to
与…
…相似;be
busy
with
忙于;be
worried
about
担心
在"动词+副词"构成的短语动词中，宾语是名词时，可以置于短语中间也可置于副词之后;宾语是代词时，只能放在动词和副词之间。
例：I
have
used
up
my
exercise
books.
=I
have
used
my
exercise
books
up.我已经用完了我的练习本。
Tom
looks
sad.Let's
cheer
him
up.汤姆看上去很难过。让我们使他高兴起来吧。
【练习】
一、单选。
—What
are
you
going
to
do
tonight?
—I
plan________Days
of
Our
Past.
A.
watch
B.
watching
C.
to
watch
D.
watched
2.We
must
do
everything
we
can________waste
water
from
running
into
rivers.
A.prevent
B.
prevented
C.
preventing
D.
to
prevent
3.
—Have
you
ever
read
the
traditional
story
Yu
Gong
Moves
a
Mountain?
—Yes,our
teacher
often
advises
us________more
meaningful
traditional
books.
A.reading
B.
reads
C.
read
D.to
read
4.
—Why
are
you
late
for
school
today?
—I'm
sorry.I
didn't
catch
the
early
bus
and
I
had
to________
the
next
one.
A.
wait
for
B.
ask
for
C.
care
for
5.
Because
of
the
bad
weather,
we
have
to_________the
sports
meeting
till
next
week.
A.
take
off
B.
get
off
C.
put
off
D.
set
off
6.
He
fails
the
math
test
and
looks
sad.
Let's________.
A.
put
him
up
B.
set
him
up
C.
cheer
him
up
D.
clean
him
up
7.
Her
mother
is
ill.
She
has
to
stay
at
home
and________her
mother.
A.
look
at
B.
look
for
C.
look
after
D.
look
over
8.
I'm
doing
my
homework.
Would
you
please
turn
your
radio________a
little?
A.
up
B.
down
C.
off
D.on
9.
The
children
decided
________their
schoolyard
this
Friday
afternoon.
A.
clean
B.
to
clean
C.
cleaning
D.
cleaned
二、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1.
After
walking
a
long
way
we
stopped
________________________（休息一下）.
2.
I'll
tell
him
________________________（做什么）.
3.
Her
wish
is
________________________（上大学）when
she
finishes
senior
high
school.
4.
________________________（说）is
one
thing;（做）
________________________is
quite
another.
5.
You
must
be
hungry.
I’ll
get
you
something
________________________（吃）.
重点短语和表达：
BCCBA
loney
noisy
C
owner
themselves
try
out
for
ADAD
broken
C
Can
you
imagine
working
excited
speaking
understood
重点语法答案：
一、CDDAC
CCBB
二、1.to
have
a
rest
2.what
to
do
3.to
go
to
college
4.To
say;to
do
5.to
eat
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