2020-2021学年牛津译林版七年级英语下册Unit 2 Neighbours知识汇总(含练习和答案）

牛津译林版七年级英语下册Unit 2知识汇总
重点词语解读
1. neighbour [?neib?] n. 邻居；邻国 美国英语写作 neighbor
联想词：neighbouring adj.邻近的 neighbourhood [?ne?b?h?d] n. 街坊，四邻，居民区，城区 美国英语写作neighborhood a poor neighborhood 贫民区
2. visitor [?vizit?] n.访问者；参观者，客人，旅客
联想词：visit v. n. 参观，访问，预览 visit a factory 参观工厂 go on a visit to the seaside
去海滨游玩 make a visit to the Tower 参观伦敦塔
3. like [laik] prep. 像，相似，类似
【解析】like/as
like 和as都有“像，跟……一样”的意思，但它们的词性不同，在句中的结构也不同。like是介词，其后要接名词或代词，常见的搭配有：be like, look like, feel like, like this, like that等。as是连词，其后接句子；当它用作介词时，意思是“作为，当作”。如：
Do it as I tell you. 照我说的办。
Don’t treat him as a child. He is 18 years old now. 不要把他当作孩子。他现在18岁了。
4. waiter [?weit?] n. (男)侍者；(男)服务员
联想词：waitress n 女招待，女服务员 wait v. n. 等待，等候 wait for sb. 等待某人
wait at table 伺候用餐
5. helpful [?helpful] adj. 给予帮助的，有益的；愿意帮忙的
联想词：help v. n. 帮助 helpless adj. 无助的，不能自立的 help sb (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 help sb with sth. 在某事上帮助某人 help oneself to sth. 随意（吃，用） with the help of 在……的帮助下
6. community [k??mju:niti] n. 社区；社会团体 复数：communities
School should become part of the community.学校应该成为社区的一部分。
7. social [?s?u??l] adj. 社会的，社会上的；交际的，社交的；群居的
联想词：society n. 社会；社团，协会 social customs 社会风俗
social workers 社会工作者 social problems 社会问题
8. check [t?ek] vt.检查, 核实 n.<美>支票
check in （在旅馆、机场）登记，报到 check out 结账离开
check up 核对，检验 check on 检查
【解析】check, examine, test及review
以上四词均有“检查”之意。区别为：check一般指通过核对材料看是否安全、正确或者有没有进展等；examine表示借助仪器等检查是否有问题或者毛病，要比较仔细、彻底的查看；test表示通过测试、试验、实验进行验证，看是否符合标准；review表示重新查看，再次检查、审查等含义。
9. broken [?br?uk?n] adj. 破碎的，打碎的；（腿，臂等）已骨折的 (也是动词break过去分词)
The window is broken. 窗子破了。
How can you mend a broken heart? 你如何修补一颗破碎的心？
10. fix [fiks] vt. 固定；安装；修理；使牢固
Can you fix a computer? 你能修理电脑吗？
He went up the ladder to fix the tightrope. 他爬上梯子去固定钢丝。
Let's fix upon a date for the meeting. 我们来确定一个会议日期吧。
【解析】mend repair 及fix
三词都有“修理”之意，但用法和意义均有不同：
repair：“修理”的对象着重于破损、毁坏或发生故障不能正常使用的物体。如：
When I got home, my brother was repairing his radio.当我到家的时候，哥哥正在修理收音机。
mend：“修理”的对象是一些琐碎的物品。如粘贴的小用具、玩具，要缝补的衣物等。
如：My kite is broken. Can you mend it? 我的风筝坏了，你能修吗？
fix：用于需要重新“调”物体的结构，把松散的部件固定结实，将分离的物体各部分装配起来。如：Please fix a lid on the box. 请给这盒子装上盖子。
11.anyone [?eniw?n] pron. 任何人；任何一个
【解析】anyone及any one
anyone常用来泛指，后不能接of短语作定语，但可用其它介词短语限制范围。并且只能用于人。如：Is there anyone in the class? 教室里有人吗？
anyone不可与动词的否定形式连用。如果表示否定意义，则用no one(表示人)或者none(表示人和物)。如：Anyone didn’t come here.(×) No one came here.(∨)
any one常用于特指，可以接of短语限制范围或者提供语境，既可以指人又可以指物。如：
May I choose any one of the books? 我可以在这些书中任选其一吗？
12. college [?k?lid?] n. 大学；（英国）专科学院；学会
business college 商学院 teacher’s college 师范学院 college of education 教育学院
【解析】college及university
university指的是综合性大学,而college表示的是单科性的大学或者学院。如：
13. lucky [?l?ki] adj. 运气好的，侥幸的；兆头好的，吉祥的
联想词：luck n. 运气 luckily adv. 幸运地 good luck 好运气 a lucky dog 幸运儿
14. elder [?eld?] n. 长者，长辈，前辈 adj. 年纪较大的；资格老的；老练的
She is my elder sister. 她是我姐姐。
She's the elder of the two.她是两个人中年龄较大的一个。
【解析】elder及older
这两词都是形容词old的比较级，区别如下：
older指年龄的大小，既可用于一个家庭成员之间，又可用于非同一家庭成员之间，能作表语和定语，常与than连用。如：He is older than Jack. 他比杰克年长。
elder用于同一个家庭成员之间的比较。elder当形容词时，只能作定语，它不能和than连用。当名词时指职位、身份较高的人。
15. job [d??b] n.（一件）工作；职责；职业
What is your ideal job? 你理想的工作是什么？
I have a job as a teacher. 我担任教师工作。
【解析】job及work
job指已做或要做的某种具体工作，是可数名词。Work通常指抽象意义上的工作，是不可数名词。如：The job needs three-year work experience in school. 这项工作需要有三年学校工作经验。
16. person [?p??sn] n.人；（语法）人称
person指“人；个人”，是可数名词，有单、复数形式。people指“人，人们”，是集体名词，无单数形式；作“民族，种族”解时，有单、复数形式。如：
What kind of person would do a thing like that? 什么人会干那样的事呢？
The price is $40 per person. 价格为每人40元。
There are more than fifty peoples in China. 中国有五十多个民族。
17. sick [sik] adj. 恶心的；病的；不舒服的
feel sick 感到恶心 a sick boy 一位生病的孩子 the sick 病人（复数的概念）
【解析】sick及ill
两个词作形容词，都有“生病的”意思。其区别是：
ill当“生病”讲时通常只用作表语，不作定语，如不能说：ill man; 在指群体时也不能像某些形容词那样用。如：（the rich , the fat） the ill。如：
She can’t go to school because she is ill. 她不能上学了，因为她病了。
sick既可以作表语，也可以作定语，在指病人时可以用the sick， 美国英语习惯用这个词。sick还有“恶心、讨厌、思念”的意思。如：
I’m sick of listening to his stories of trouble. 他老讲自己的烦恼事，我都听腻了。
18.notice [?n?utis] n. 通知；布告；预告 vt.通知；留心；注意到
Here is a notice for you. 这是给你的通知。
He noticed that she was reading the whole day. 他注意到她整天都在读书。
注意：notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人做事的全过程；notice sb. doing sth注意到某人正做某事。
19. help sb with sth. 帮助某人解决某种困难
When I meet any trouble, Mr.Li always helps me with it. 我遇到麻烦，李老师总是帮我解决掉。
I often help Mum with some housework. = I often help Mum do some housework.
我常帮妈妈做些家务。
20. do some shopping 买东西
类似的结构有：do some cleaning 大扫除 do some washing 洗衣服
do some cooking 煮饭 do some sewing 做些针线活
21. make a fire 生火
含有fire的短语有：be on fire 着火，起火 catch fire着火 put out the fire 灭火
Play with fire 玩火 fire at 朝……开火
22. in the future 将来，在将来的日子里
注意：in future 意为“今后”。如：
I hope you will be more careful in future. 我希望你今后更仔细些。
23. worry about 为……担心
注意：worry about=be worried about worried为形容词，意为“担心的，烦恼的，焦虑的” 如：I am a little worried that something may go wrong. 我有点担心要出什么事。
重点句型解读：
24. There’s something wrong with my computer. 我的电脑出故障了。
句型; there’s something wrong with something 相当于something is not working well或something doesn’t work well. 意为“某物坏（失灵）了”。还可以用something is broken.或something is wrong with something.
25. I’m going to ask a computer engineer to check it. 我打算找个电脑工程师检查一下。
句中be going to 意为“准备，打算（做某事）”，这一结构表示将来。如：
We are going to have a picnic in the country this weekend. 我们打算这个周末到乡下野餐。
句中ask sb. to do sth. 意为“请某人做某事”，常用的动词还有：tell, order, want, need, teach等。如：The teacher tells us to share our ideas freely in class. 老师叫我们在课堂上自由发言。
The policeman ordered him to stand in the corner. 警察命令他站在角落里。
26. Most of them have 14 floors. 他们中的大部分有十四层（高）。
句中most意为“大部分，大多数”。most后一般直接跟可数或不可数名词，有时也可接有形容词修饰的名词。跟可数名词时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：
Most girls like playing volleyball. 大部分女孩都喜欢踢足球。
I always spent most time learning English. 我总是把大部分时间花在学习英语上。
most of后可直接跟有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词所修饰的名词。如：
I spent most of my time learning to play the piano last year.
去年我把大部分时间都花在学弹钢琴上。
注意：most of 后接人称代词时，应用复数形式的宾格人称代词。如：
Most of them are going off to Grangzhou next week.
他们中的多数人都准备下星期去广州。
27. Some college students are ready to help. 一些大学生乐于帮忙。
句中be ready to do sth. 意为“乐于做某事，愿意做某事”，相当于be willing to do sth. 如：
She is kind and she is always ready to help people in need.
她很友好，她总是乐意帮助那些需要帮助的人们。
28. It is lucky for us to have a community centre like this.
对于我们来说拥有像这样的社区真是幸运。
句型It is +adj. +for sb +to do sth. 意为“对于某人来说做……是……的” 如：
It is important for us to learn English well. 对于我们来说学好英语是重要的。
句中like作介词，意为“像”， 如：We are like a big family. 我们像个大家庭。
29. She has to go to work by train. 她只好乘火车区上班。
句中have to do sth.意为“不得不做某事”，表示客观需要；如果表示主观要求就用must.如：
I want to be an English teacher,in the future, so I must learn English well.
我想将来做个英语教师，因此我必须学好英语。
I got up late this morning, so I had to go to school by taxi.
今天早上我起床迟了，所以只好打的上学。
句中by train 意为“乘火车”，是介词短语。注意：by+交通工具，交通工具前不能加冠词the, 但可以用on the train。如：by bike =on the bike by bus=on the bus in the car = by car
take the train 意为“乘火车”，是动词短语。注意以下句型的转换：
We took the train to Beijing last year.=We went to Beijing by train last year.
去年我们乘火车去了北京。
I go to school by bike every day. = I ride my bike to school every day. = I go to school on my bike every day. 我每天骑自行车上学。
30. That sounds like a good idea. 那听起来像个好主意。
句中sound like 意为“听起来像”，sound意为“听起来”，和look , feel, smell 等一起属于连系动词，其后常接形容词作表语。如：The idea sounds nice. 这主意听起来不错。
He looks tired but excited. 他看上去疲劳但很激动。
The dish doesn’t smell good. 这菜肴闻起来不好。
That music sounds like the crying of a baby. 那音乐听起来像婴儿的哭声。
31. They will make you feel better. 他们会使得你感觉好多了。
句中feel better中的better是well的比较级，well作“（身体）好”时是形容词。如：
She is not feeling well these days. 这些天她感觉不舒服。
句中make sb do sth. 意为“迫使某人做某事”，do sth为不带to的动词不定式在句中做宾语补足语。如：His words made all of us laugh. 他的话使得我们所有的人都笑了。
重点语法：一般将来时
一般将来时，将要发生事。
谓语不一般，will加动原（动词原形）。
要变疑问句，will放在主语前。
否定句，也不难，will后面not添。
“be going to”的用法口诀
be going to, 表打算，准备、计划将干。
表可能，有必然，通过现象来推断。
使用它，要注意，疑问形式be提前。
否定句，更简单，not放在be后边。
to之后，动原形，be的形式看人称。
下列词，要注意，come go和离去（leave）
进行时，表将来，牢牢记住莫忘记。
一般将来的概念：
一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的发生动作或状态， ??一般将来时或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。一般将来时由助动词 shall（第一人称），will（第二、三人称）+动词原形构成。will+V.原
　　美国英语则不管什么人称，一律用will。 be going to形式可以在任何情况下使用。
　　shall 和 will 常常缩写成 ll ,紧接在主语之后。其否定式 shall not 和will not 的缩写式分别为 shan't 和 won't。
【中考要求】
1．熟练掌握一般将来时的构成和基本用法。
I will go to visit Disneyland next holiday.
下个假期我将去参观迪士尼乐园。
Tom and Mike will visit Mr.Black tomorrow．
汤姆和迈克明天要去拜访布莱克先生。
They won't have dinner at home tonight．
他们今晚不会在家吃晚饭。
Shall we go for a walk?
我们去散步好吗?
一般将来的构成（一）:　
肯定句：I/We shall/will go. You/He/She/They Will go.
否定句：I/We shall/will not go. You/He/She/They Will not go.
疑问句：Shall I/we go? Will you/he/she/they go?
简略回答：(肯)Yes,主语shall/will
(否) No,主语 shall/will not
一般将来的构成是:　　　
特殊疑问句：一般将来时的特殊疑问句是将特殊疑问词放在句首，后接一般疑问句（就主语提问时，以疑问词who开头的疑问词除外）
　　----- why will you be here on Sunday?
（周日你为什么将要在这儿？）
　　-----I will have a meeting on Sunday
（我将要在周日举行一个聚会）
　　（对特殊疑问句要进行具体回答）
We will have two more classes after we put up the flag.
升完旗我们还有两节课。
否定句： We won’t have two more classes after we put up the flag.
一般疑问句：Will we have two more classes after we put up the flag?
对划线部分提问：How many classes will we have after we put up the flag?
一般将来的构成（二）:　
肯定句：主语+（am, is , are )+going to do .
否定句：主语+ （ am, is , are )+not+ going to do
疑问句: (am, is , are) 主语+going to do
简略回答：（肯）Yes,主语 (am, is , are)
(否) No,主语(am, is , are ) not
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。
We're going to meet outside the school gate.
我们打算在校门口见面。
否定句： We aren’t going to meet outside the school gate.
一般疑问句： Are we going to meet outside the school gate?
对划线部分提问： Where are we going to meet ?
There is going to be a football match this afternoon.今天下午将有一场足球赛
否定句: There is not going to be a football match this afternoon.
一般疑问句： Is there going to be a football match this afternoon?
对划线部分提问： When is there going to be a football match?
一般将来的构成（三）:　
表示位置转移的动词（如：go, come, leave, start, arrive等），可用现在进行时表示将来时。如：
1. Uncle Wang is coming.
王叔叔就要来了。
2. They're leaving for Beijing.
他们即将前往北京。
一般将来的构成（三）:　
　用一般现在时表示
　　根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作，在时间和条件状语从句中，都可用一般现在时表示将来时。如：
　　1. The new term starts (begins) on August 29th.
新学期八月二十九日开学。
　　2. If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go out for a picnic.
如果明天不下雨，我们将出去野餐
一般将来的用法：
1.将来：一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。
例如：I will(shall) arrive tomorrow.
我明天到。
　　Will you be free tonight?
你今晚有空吗？
　　We won’t (shan’t) be busy this evening.
我们今晚不忙。
一般将来的用法：
2.表示计划、打算、准备做的事。
例如：
　　We are going to put up a building here.
我们打算在这里盖一座楼。
　　How are you going to spend your holidays?
假期你准备怎样过？
　　b.表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事。例如：
　　I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪了。
一般将来的用法：
3.在“祈使句+and／or+句子”这个结构中，“句子”用 一般将来时。
Use your head and you will find a way．
用用脑子你就会找到方法。
Hurry up or we will be late for class.
快点否则我们将迟到了。
一般将来的标志词：
tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening
next year/week/month/hour
in+段时间
in the future
this afternoon/Sunday/evening
from now on
one day, someday （未来的）某天
Soon
Be going to 和will 的区别：
Be going to 表示眼下要发生的事，will表示 的将来时间则较远一些：
He is going to write a letter tonight.
他今天晚上将写封信。
He will write a book one day.
他终有一天会出本书。
Be going to 和will 的区别：
2. Be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，
will 表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
He is seriously ill， he is going to die.
他病的很严重，他快死了。
He will be twenty years old.
他将20岁了。
Be going to 和will 的区别：
3. Be going to 表示计划的意思，
will 表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
she is going to lend us her books.
她计划借给我她的书。
I will tell you the truth if you promise not to tell others.
如果你发誓不告诉其他人的话我愿意告诉你实情。
Be going to 和will 的区别：
4. 问对方是否愿意或客气的 邀请或命令
Will you please close the window?
关上窗户好吗？
Will you go with us?
你愿意跟我一起去吗？
Be going to 和will 的区别：
5. 在时间、条件状语从句中， 如果主句是将来时，用will
I will come if it doesn’t rain．
如果明天不下雨我就来。
You will call us as soon as you get to Hung Kong．
你一到香港就给我打电话好吗？
一般将来时练习
一、用所给动词的一般将来时填空
1. I ______（leave）in a minute. I ______（finish）all my work before I ______ （leave）.
2. —How long _____ you _____（study）in our country?
?—I _____（plan）to be here for about one more year.
?—I _____（hope）to visit the other parts of your country.
?—What ______ you ______（do）after you ______（leave）here?
?—I ______（return）home and ______（get）a job.
3. I ______（be）tired. I ______（go）to bed early tonight.
4. Mary’s birthday is next Monday, her mother _____（give）her a present.
5. It is very cold these days. It ______（snow）soon.
6. —_____ you _____（be）here this Saturday??—No. I ______（visit）my teacher.
7. —______ I ______（get）you a copy of today’s newspaper?—Thank you.
8. I am afraid there ______（be）a meeting this afternoon. I can’t join you.
9. Mike ______（believe, not）this until he ______（see）it with his own eyes.
10. Most of us don’t think their team ______（win）.
二、单项选择
1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
?A. will be going to??? B. will going to be C. is going to be??? D. will go to be
2. Charlie ________ here next month.
A. isn’t working??? B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working??? D. won’t work
3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.
A. will be; is??? B. is; is C. will be; will be??? D. is; will be
4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.
?A. was??? B. is going to have C. will have??? D. is going to be
5. –_____ you ____ free tomorrow?– No. I ____ free the day after tomorrow.
A. Are; going to; will??? B. Are; going to be; will
C. Are; going to; will be??? D. Are; going to be; will be
6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.
?A. will gives??? B. will give C. gives??? D. give
7. – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?–________. （不，不要。）
?A. No, you won’t??? B. No, you aren’t. C. No, please don’t??? D. No, please.
8. – Where is the morning paper? – I ________ if for you at once.
?A. get??? B. am getting C. to get??? D. will get
9. ________ a concert next Saturday?
A. There will be??? B. Will there be C. There can be??? D. There are
10. If they come, we ________ a meeting.
?A. have??? B. will have C. had?? ? D. would have
11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.
A. gives??? B. gave C. will giving??? D. is going to giving
12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there.
?A. writes??? B. has written C. will write??? D. wrote
13. He ________ in three days.
A. coming back??? B. came back C. will come back??? D. is going to coming back
14. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating.
??A. isn’t rain??? B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain??? D. doesn’t fine
15. – Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow?– No, ________ （不去）.
A. they willn’t??? B. they won’t. C. they aren’t??? D. they don’t.
16. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon?
A. will; go??? B. do; go C. will; going?? ? D. shall; go
17. We ________ the work this way next time.
A. do??? B. will do C. going to do?? ? D. will doing
18. Tomorrow he ________ a kite in the open air first, and then ________ boating in the park.
A. will fly; will go??? B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes??? D. flies; will go
19. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match.
A. will watching??? B. watches C. is watching??? D. is going to watch
20. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday.
A. shall be??? B. will be C. shall going to be???? D. will going to be
21. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.
A. are having??? B. are going to have C. will having??? D. is going to have
22. ________ you ________ free next Sunday?
A. Will; are???? B. Will; be C. Do; be??? D. Are; be
23. He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning.
A. will??? B. is??? C. will be?? D. be
24. ________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library?
A. Are; going to borrow??? B. Is; going to borrow
C. Will; borrows??? D. Are; going to borrows
25. – Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon? –________ （好的）.
A. Yes, please??? B. Yes, you will. C. No, please??? D. No, you won’t.
26. It ________ the year of the horse next year.
A. is going to be??? B. is going to C. will be??? D. will is
27. ________ open the window?
A. Will you please?? B. Please will you C. You please??? D. Do you
28. – Let’s go out to play football, shall we???– OK. I ________.
A. will coming???? B. be going to come C. come??? D. am coming
29. It ________ us a long time to learn English well.
A. takes??? B. will take C. spends??? D. will spend
30. The train ________ at 11.
A. going to arrive??? B. will be arrive C. is going to??? D. is arriving
三、把下列各句译成英语
1．我叔叔今晚要来。
————————————————————————————
2．他没有打算住那座小屋。
————————————————————————————
3．我们要读这本书。
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4．—你爸爸要去钓鱼吗？—不，他要去游泳。
一般将来时答案
一、用所给动词的一般将来时填空
参考答案：1. am leaving ; will finish ; leave???
2. will ; study ; plan ; hope ; will ; do ; leave ; will return ; get
3. am ; will 4. will give 5. will snow
6. Will, be ; will visit 7. Shall ; get
8. will be 9. won’t believe ; sees 10. will win
二、单项选择
参考答案：
1. C??? 2. D???? 3. D???? 4. D???? 5. D???? 6. B???? 7. C???? 8. D????
9. B??? 10. B??? 11. D??? 12. C??? 13. C??? 14. C??? 15. B??? 16. D???
17. B?? 18. A??? 19. D??? 20. B??? 21. B??? 22. B??? 23. C??? 24. B???
25. A?? 26. A??? 27. A???? 28. D?? 29. B??? 30. D
三、把下列各句译成英语
参考答案：
1．My uncle will come tonight．
2．He isn't going to live in the small house．
3．We are going to read this book．
4．—Will your father go fishing？—No，he is going swimming．