2021年上海市中考英语语法复习：情态动词讲解及提升练习（有答案）

中考语法复习：情态动词讲解及提升练习
一．定义：
情态动词主要用于表示说话人的态度和看法。情态动词不能单独使用必须与动词原形一起构成谓语，其否定式是在情态动词后加否定词not。一般疑问句则将情态动词提至句首。
二、基本形式：
肯定式
否定式
简略否定式
may
might
may not
might not
mayn’t
mightn’t
can
could
can not
could not
can’t
couldn’t
will, ’ll
would, ’d
will not, ’ll not
would not, ’d not
won’t
wouldn’t
shall
should
shall not
should not
shan’t
shouldn’t
must
must not
mustn’t
need
need not
needn’t
ought to
ought not to
oughtn’t to


三基本用法
1. can 的用法
1)表能力
can表能力时意味着凭体力或脑力或技术等可以无甚阻力地去做某事。
I can climb this pole. 我能爬这根杆子。
He is only four , but he can read. 他只有4岁，但已认得字了。
Fire can’t destroy gold. 火烧不毁金子。
2)表可能性
多用于否定与疑问结构中，但也可用在肯定句中。
Can the news be true? 这消息可能是真的吗？
It can’t be true. 它不可能是真的。
What can he possibly mean? 他可能是什么意思？
3)表示允许（和may意思相近）常见于口语。
Can (May) I come in ? 我能进来吗？
Can I smoke here ? 我可以在这里抽烟吗？
2.could的用法
1)表过去的可能和许可，
Father said I could swim in the river. 爸爸说我可以在河里游泳。
2)表过去的能力
I could swim when I was only six. 我刚六岁就能游泳。
3)表“允许”。可表示委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法,不是can的过去时态。
---Could I use your bike? ---Yes, you can./No, you can’t.
注意：be able to 表示能力，意为“能够做成某事”，相当于can 的用法，但是有区别：can泛指
一般的能力；be able to 则主要指成功做了某件事的能力。
3. may（might） 的用法
1)表示请求、可以、允许。
You may drive the tractor. 你可以开那台拖拉机。
2)当回答由may 引起的问题时，否定答语要用must not,表示“不许可”、“不应该”、“不行”。
May I come in? Yes, you may. No, you can’t. No, you may not. No ,you mustn’t
3)might是may的过去式，语气比may更加委婉；
4. must 的主要用法
1)表示必须、必要
We must do everything step by step .我们必须按部就班地做一切事情。
Why must you always bother me? 为什么你偏要打扰我呢。
2)must be + 表语的结构，通常表示猜测，含有“一定”之意。（只用在肯定句中）
He must be an honest boy. 他一定是个诚实的男孩。
This must be your room. 这一定是你的房间。
3)must 的否定式有两个：
当回答由must引起的问题时，否定答复要用needn’t或don’t have to 表示 “必”、“无须”、“用
不着”、“不一定”的意义。
当表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“禁止”时，就用must not。
Must I go tomorrow?明天我必须去吗？
Yes, you must./No , you needn’t.
注意：must= have to. 但有区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to “不得不,必须”,表示客
观需要,客观条件只能如此。
You must do it now. 你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干)
I have to go now. （客观条件必须现在走）

5. need 的主要用法
1） need作情态动词，表“需要”，多用在否定式或疑问句中.
Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?
-Yes, you must./No , you needn’t.
-You need not hand in the paper this week.
2）need也作实义动词，用法是need to do sth./sth
He needs to finish his homework in time.
I need your help.
3) need主动表被动的用法：sth needs doing=sth needs to be done.
The room needs cleaning.=The room needs to be cleaned.
4) need做名词的用法：
meet one’s needs=satisfy one’s demands in (great) need of（急需）
6.should的主要用法
意思为“应该”。表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是ought to；在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to。
You should go to class right away.
Should I open the window?
7. ought “应当；应该”。用法则ought to do sth.
You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar.
8. shall的用法
意思为“将要/应该”
1)用于第一人称征求对方的意见，如：
What shall I wear on the journey? 我路上穿什么好呢？
Shall we dance? 我们跳舞好吗？
9. 情态动词will和would的用法
will (would) 表决心、愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式, 可用于各人称。
I'll do my best to catch up with them.
I'll never do it again, that's the last time.
He said he would help me.
注意：will, would用于第二人称疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更
婉转,客气。
10. may be与maybe
二者都有“或许，也许”的意思，但用法不同：
. may be是情态动词，只能用于句子中，
如：It’s eight o’clock now. My father may be at home.
(2). maybe是副词，相当于perhaps, probably, likely，常用于句首。
如：It’s eight o’clock now. Maybe my father is at home.
11.had better 最好...
had better do sth. / had better not do sth. (重点)
You had better keep silent in class.
四、易错点：
(一)、can, may, must , need, should的提问与应答：
(1). Can I go to the cinema tonight?
Yes, you can./No, you can’t.
(2). May I have a look at your photos?
Yes, you may / can./No, you mustn’t / can’t.
(3). Must I book a ticket for the concert right now?
Yes, you must./No, you needn’t / don’t have to.
(4). Need I water the flowers in the garden in the afternoon?
Yes, you need / must./No, you mustn’t.
(二)、表示判断: may / may not, must ( be ) / can’t ( be )
(1). 判断语气坚定，有理有据（常摆出理由）
①. 肯定判断 （ must ）
e.g. The light in the office is on. Our teacher must be still working.
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet and muddy.
②. 否定判断（can’t / can not）注：不能用must not 或mustn’t 形式
e.g. Mr. Green can’t be at home, for I met him at the street just now.
This book can’t be Betty’s. She doesn’t like detective stories.
(2). 判断语气不坚定，模棱两可，不确定，常附带有I’m not sure / I don’t know等句子。
e.g. —How soon will your father come back home from London?
—May be in a week, but I’m quite not sure.
巩固提升
一、单选题
1．A lot of online resources ________ be used either by teachers at school or parents at home.
A．can B．should C．need D．must
2．Everyone _______ show their health code before entering the school.
A．must B．can C．may D．ought
3．Dangerous pets ________ be kept in cages so that it won't do harm to others.
A．can B．may C．must D．need
4．—I think her dress comes from the 1970s.
—It________be from that time. It looks so modern on her.
A．can't B．mustn't C．needn't D．shouldn't
5．It’s amazing that the pen ________turn voice into text with few mistakes.
A．can B．must C．may D．need
6．The poster says anybody can join the drama club. You ________ have acting experience.
A．mustn’t B．shouldn’t C．can’t D．needn’t
7．I saw Gary playing basketball on the school playground just now, so he ________ be at home now.
A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t
8．—__________ I come in?
—Yes, please.
A．Will B．Should C．Would D．May
9．The food in this restaurant _______ be very delicious because the restaurant is always crowded with customers.
A．must B．should C．can't D．may
10．We'd better _______ the seven-step hand washing method to keep healthy.
A．following B．followed C．to follow D．follow
11．You ________ talk to anyone if you don’t want to.
A．can’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t
12．If you buy your mum an iRobot floor cleaner, she ________ sweep the floor every day.
A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t
13．“Mr. Lin, you’d better ________ too much meat. It’s not good for your health.” said the doctor.
A．not to eat B．not eating C．not eat D．don’t eat
14．The two computer program________recognize your emotions based on how you type.
A．can B．should C．must D．need
15．We________ keep silent in the kindergarten as the kids are having classes.
A．must B．can C．need D．may
16．It's a rule that visitors ________ bring in his camera to take pictures inside the museum.
A．might not B．needn't C．mustn't D．wouldn't
17．To our surprise, we ________ enjoy an 8-day holiday in October 2020.
A．can B．should C．must D．need
18．Many sea animals are in danger and ________ disappear from the Earth someday.
A．must B．should C．need D．may
19．Guests in the hotel ________ use the beach without extra pay.
A．can B．must C．should D．need
20．Staying with a host family ______ give you the opportunity to experience local culture.
A．can B．need C．must D．should
21．You ________ translate the article for Jessica because she knows English quite well.
A．can’t B．won’t C．needn’t D．mustn’t
22．As I'm busy with my assignment, you __________ have your private time in your own room.
A．must B．can C．need D．should
23．You’d better _________ patient with your parents when they talk to you.
A．be B．to be C．been D．being
24．— Guess who I saw in the street this morning? It’s Peter!
— No, it _________ be him. He is still in the U. S.
A．wouldn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．needn’t
25．I’m afraid I can’t finish reading the book. According to the rules, I ________ return it within 15 days.
A．may B．need C．must D．can
26．To keep safe, the doctors ______ take all the passengers’ temperature at the entrance.
A．must B．can C．may D．need
27．— May I park my car here for a while?
— No, you ________. Don't you see the sign 'NO PARKING"?
A．needn't B．shouldn't C．mustn't D．couldn't
28．“You________ hand in your homework today. You can leave it until tomorrow.” Miss Li said.
A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t
29．Don’t jump to a conclusion! You’d better ________ the problem first.
A．discuss B．to discuss C．discussing D．discussed
30．To win the game, we ________ build up our hope and confidence and practice harder.
A．can B．need C．should D．may
31．Trying low-caloric fruits _______ help a person to lose weight.
A．must B．ought to C．can D．need
32．It’s amazing the programme________put your e-mail into other languages.
A．can B．may C．must D．need
33．Keep off the wet hill path. You ________ fall and hurt yourself.
A．must B．should C．need D．may
34．-- I do the exam this year or next year? What do you think?
-- Next year would be better.
A．Can B．Must C．Need D．Should
35．I know you have already tried your best, so you worry too much about the final exams.
A．can’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t
36．—Who will be responsible for the operation, Jim or Nancy?
—It ______ be Jim because he is on holiday.
A．needn't B．shouldn't C．mustn't D．can't
37．Because of the convenience of online shopping, we ___________buy books without having to leave the comfort of our homes.
A．can B．should C．must D．need
38．Having too much loud noise around us ________ sometimes make people crazy .
A．need B．should C．can D．ought to
39．Students be careful when they do chemical experiments in the laboratory.
A．must B．may C．need D．can
40．The sign says, “Passengers carry matches and knives onto the train.”
A．may not B．needn’t C．wouldn’t D．mustn’t
41．Christy has been in China for a few years, but she still speak Chinese.
A．needn’t B．can’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t
42．Since you’ve got plenty of time, you ______ finish the painting today.
A．needn’t B．may not C．mustn’t D．can’t
43．It seems to rain. You’d better ______ the windows open when you go out.
A．don’t leave B．not leave C．not to leave D．won’t leave
44．You ______ be careful with your diet, or your weight problem will be more serious.
A．can B．may C．should D．might
45．The film will begin in about two hours. You finish your dinner in a hurry.
A．shouldn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t
46．“I’m afraid the doctor see you now — he is busy.” said the nurse to the patient.
A．mustn’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．can’t
47．We ________ take a taxi or rent a car home tonight, but we haven’t decided yet.
A．may B．need C．must D．should
48．There _______ be something wrong with the iPad. I can’t turn it on.
A．can B．need C．must D．should
49．Let kids be kids and parents ________ push their children so hard.
A．mustn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．may mot
50．—Must we walk to the train station? —No, we ______. We can call a taxi.
A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．dare not
51．I find the remote control. Have you seen it anywhere?
A．can’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t
52．The plan ________be discussed any more . We have made our decision .
A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．oughtn’t
53．Passengers _________show their passports and have their luggage checked before boarding．
A．must B．need C．can D．may
54．Our road information system should be improved so that we ____ know the road condition ahead of time．
A．must B．should C．can D．could
55．Students ________ be careful when they do chemical experiments in the lab.
A．can B．must C．need D．may
56．—______you take a message for my parents，Simon？
—OK．
A．May B．Must C．Could D．Should
57．The government says actions be taken to stop child abuse（虐待儿童）in the kindergarten
A．may B．can C．would D．should
58．______ I use your mobile phone？ There is something wrong with mine．
A．Can B．Should C．Must D．Need
59．We shouldn't put metal in the microwave． It ______ start a fire．
A．can B．should C．must D．need
60．Thanks to the first development of communication technology， people in China ____ make phone calls anywhere at any time．
A．should B．would C．must D．can
答案
1．A2．A3．C4．A5．A6．D7．C8．D9．A10．D11．B12．C13．C14．A15．A16．C
17．A18．D19．A20．A21．C22．D23．A24．C25．C26．A27．C28．A29．A30．C31．C
32．A33．D34．D35．B36．D37．A38．C39．A40．D41．B42．A43．B44．C45．B46．D
47．A48．C49．C50．A51．A52．C53．A54．C55．B56．C57．D58．A59．A60．D