2021年上海中考英语语法复习：形容词讲解及提升练习（有答案）

中考语法复习：形容词讲解及提升练习
1. 形容词作定语
形容词作定语时，置于名词前是最常见的一种用法。
形容词作定语，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前和不定代词之后。
E.g. China has a long history. 中国历史悠久。
Would you like anything else? 你要点别的什么吗？
本单元，我们重点学习描述人的形容词作定语：
外貌
hair
long, black, blond, gray, curly(卷曲的), ponytail(马尾辫), crew cut( 平头), bald(秃头的）
eyes
Round, small, smiling, bright
nose
straight, flat, broad, narrow, short, aquiline nose( 鹰钩鼻)
face
smooth, bony(瘦骨的), sunken(凹陷), swollen (肿胀的),socket or dimple ( 酒窝), square,oval-shaped (face)(瓜子脸)
figure
chubby (圆胖的), plump (丰满), fat, overweight, thin, skinny(皮包骨), muscular(肌肉发达的), massive(魁梧的), long and slim(修长而苗条), tall, short, average height(中等身高), medium height, thick-set (矮而胖), dwarfish (矮小)
appearance
beautiful, pretty, nice, lovely, peaceful, charming, attractive, lean, fat, handsome, good-looking, plain, well dressed, neatly dressed, scruffily dressed
性格
outgoing, active, shy, polite, well-educated, friendly, mild, kind-hearted, careful, modest, honest, sincere, loyal, responsible, independent, forceful, frank, ambitious, confident, creative, adaptable, aggressive, efficient, energetic, humorous
2. 形容词作表语
系动词后可接形容词作表语。初中阶段，我们接触的系动词及常用法如下：
状态系动词：be + adj./n./pron...
感官系动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel + adj.
变化系动词：go, get, become, turn, grow + adj.
持续系动词：stay, remain, keep +adj.
表象系动词：seem, (appear)
终止系动词：turn out, prove
E.g. The service in this restaurant seems fast.这个饭店的服务速度很快。
The music sounds nice.这首音乐听起来很优美。
注意：有些形容词只能作表语，这类形容词有：
55245153035 a-开头：asleep,awake,alive,alone, aware, afraid
表健康状况：fine, ill, well
表感觉/心情：glad, sorry
E.g. Don’t be afraid. 别害怕。 The baby is asleep. 宝宝睡着了。

3. 形容词用于It is...句型
不定式作主语时，为平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，会用It作形式主语，构成如下句式：
It is + adj + to do sth. 译为：“做某事怎么样”
E.g. It is nice to live in a new flat.
It is difficult to finish the project by myself.
注意：该句式还可以写成It is/was +adj+for sb/of sb. to do sth. 译为：“对于某人来说做某事怎么样/某人做某事怎么样”
E.g. It was difficult for me to speak English fluently when I was a junior high school student.
It is very nice of you to help me correct the mistakes.
4. -ing和-ed结尾的形容词
关于-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别，我们很容易陷入误区。
误区：
通常，我们会说：-ing形容词用来形容物，表示“（物）令人…”；-ed形容词用来形容人，表示“（人）感到…”。
此说法在很多情况下是可行的，但表述欠准确，有时做起题来还可能会因此掉入命题人的陷阱，如：
_____ do you think of your English teacher? Is he _______?
A. What, interesting B. What, interested C. How, interesting D. How, interested
解析：此题考查两方面的知识点：一是考查what do you think of…与how do you like…的用法区别；二是考查interesting与interested的用法区别。若套用以上关于-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别，则可能将答案锁定为D。但是错了，此题的最佳答案应是A。
正解：
(1) 以-ed结尾的形容词(如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, surprised, worried等) 通常用于说明人，若出现修饰物的情况，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。如：
He had a delighted smile on his face. 他脸上露出了愉快的微笑。
He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他声音很激动地告诉了我这个消息。
解析：第一句中的a delighted smile 意为“愉快的微笑”，它指的是某人因感到愉快发出的微笑；第
二句中的 a very excited voice 指的是“很激动的声音”，即指的是某人因很激动而发生那样的声音。
由上可见，-ed 形容词通常用于说明人，若修饰事物，则多为appearance(外貌), cry(哭声), face(表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪)等显示某人的情感状况的名词。

(2) 以-ing 结尾的形容词(如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如：
The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。
The man is very interesting. 这个人很有趣。
请再比较体会以下句子，并翻译：
He is frightened. 他很害怕。 He is frightening. 他很吓人。
He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。
He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带有吓人的神情。
I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。
I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。

巩固提升：
一、单选题
1．The public are unaware of the ________ effect of the bushfires in Australia.
A．importantly B．likely C．securely D．possibly
2．Although the virus sounds _______, we can finally win through hard work.
A．terribly B．terrible C．wonderfully D．wonderful
3．Students find that online classes are as _______ as traditional ones.
A．helpful B．more helpful C．the most helpful D．most helpful
4．"You look ________ in that yellow and white dress." Mum said to her daughter.
A．happily B．quietly C．politely D．lovely
5．Wanda Plaza is ________ shopping center in Chongming and it attracts many local people.
A．large B．larger C．largest D．the largest
6．________ the task is, the happier you will be when you complete it.
A．The more difficult B．The most difficult
C．More difficult D．Most difficult
7．Many visitors agree that the dancing robot is ________one in the exhibition.
A．cool B．cooler C．coolest D．the coolest
8．At an altitude（海拔）of 4, 119 meters, the delivery office at the foot of Mount Qomolangma is known as ________ delivery station.
A．high B．higher C．highest D．the highest
9．After talking about his son with the teacher, Mr. Smith felt pleased and much ________.
A．excited B．more excited C．most excited D．less excited
10．The more carefully we listen to our teacher in class, ________ progress we will make.
A．the greatest B．the greater C．greater D．great
11．I believe the harder you work, _______ grades you'll get in exams.
A．better B．the better C．the good D．the best
12．The little girl felt _______ when she heard a strange noise.
A．frighten B．frightening C．frightened D．fright
13．This new seat is ________ to sit on than the old one.
A．comfortable B．more comfortable C．most comfortable D．the most comfortable
14．Thanks to the development of science and technology, our lives are much ________than before.
A．most convenient B．the most convenient C．convenient D．more convenient
15．It is ________ to go to a country town and have delicious, authentic Greek food.
A．lovely B．safely C．luckily D．happily
16．The earlier I leave home, ________ the journey is, because the buses aren’t so crowded.
A．easy B．easier C．the easier D．the easiest
17．As a Grade Nine student, are you still ______ to relax yourself and have sports?
A．enough active B．active enough C．enough actively D．actively enough
18．The baby panda looks so________ that many visitors would like to take pictures with it.
A．gently B．simply C．lovely D．politely
19．Studies show that________ you read, the less you understand what you have read.
A．faster B．the faster C．fastest D．the fastest
20．China has become one of ________ countries worldwide in greening the desert.
A．more successful B．the most successful C．more successfully D．most successfully
21．The baby’s hand feels so ________ that you want to hold it longer.
A．soft B．soften C．softly D．softness
22．The traffic is ______ during the week than at weekends because everyone is going to work.
A．bad B．worse C．worst D．the worst
23．The assistants are trained to deal with customer complaints in a ______ manner.
A．friendly B．gently C．quietly D．politely
24．The Super Typhoon Hagibis was ________ typhoon that happened in Japanese history.
A．bad B．worse C．worst D．the worst
25．More and more people choose the style of a low-carbon life and the air is getting much________ than before in Shanghai.
A．worse B．greener C．cleaner D．warmer
26．It will be much________for cyclists if there are more bike lanes in the future.
A．safe B．safer C．safest D．the safest
27．Remember that the top of the oven will be ________ than the bottom.
A．hot B．hotter C．hottest D．the hottest
28．At first, the virus (病毒) spread much ______ than people thought.
A．fast B．faster C．fastest D．the fastest
29．The music sounds ______. You should turn off the radio so as not to disturb others.
A．loudly B．terrible C．gently D．wonderful
30．Nowadays people have found it ________ to read a printed book than they did 20 years ago.
A．hard B．harder C．hardly D．the hardest
31．Nowadays online courses are becoming as________ as those learned in classes at school.
A．popular B．less popular C．more popular D．most popular
32．The little boy looked very________ while he was singing and dancing on the stage.
A．likely B．lovely C．politely D．bravely
33．Thanks to “seniors’ college,” my grandmother feels much ________ and less lonely as well.
A．young B．younger C．youngest D．the youngest
34．The farmer sounded ______ on the phone. He offered to give me a speech on planting seeds.
A．gently B．friendly C．sadly D．kindly
35．My neighbor doesn’t seem very . She always ignores my greeting and avoids me.
A．politely B．happily C．patiently D．friendly
36．Johnson and his partner didn’t attend the meeting because he had to do last Friday.
A．something urgent B．anything urgent C．urgent something D．nothing urgent
37．In my opinion, Chinese is any other language in the world because Chinese has the most number of speakers.
A．as important as B．so important as C．the most important D．more important than
答案
1．B2．B3．A4．D5．D6．A7．D8．D9．B10．B11．B12．C13．B14．D15．A16．C
17．B18．C19．B20．B21．A22．B23．A24．D25．C26．B27．B28．B29．B30．B31．A
32．B33．B34．B35．D36．A37．D
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.We should get rid of any________ lifestyle and live a happy life. (healthy)
2.New research suggests there could be ________ things in the clouds above Venus(金星).(live)
3.The ________ government is faced with a sharp increase in Covid-19 patients. (Britain)
4.It is __________ for me to go skiing in Changchun. It is such a beautiful city. (forget)
5.Her __________ jump brought a loud cheer from the crowd on the playground. (succeed)
6.We provide 2-person tents and __________ camping equipment for tourists. (base)
7.We trend to stop the fire from spreading, but we knew it was ________. (hope)
8.The teachers' training during the summer holiday turned out to be very ________. (effect)
9.Nearly 90% students in big cities own mobile phones according to a _________ study.（recently）
10.Joe’s parents couldn’t understand why he made such a ________ decision yesterday.（surprise）
11.He has worked hard and it’s _______ that he will succeed. (probably)
12.Mr. Green received a complaint from a customer who was ________, with the goods he had bought. (happy)
13.The________treatments are given, the sooner patients will get better.（early）
14.The scientific research Chang’e-5 did on the moon really made me feel________.（interest）
15.These years China has made great efforts to ensure people’s sense of ________ safety.（person）
16.The editor will hold a ________ discussion about the topic for the next edition of the school newspaper.（far）
17.Young people from _________ counties shared their thoughts about the program. (variety)
18.Everyone should learn how to be _____(depend) in our daily life.
19.The hi-tech industry attracts many_____people to work there.（create）
20.You may add variety to the comic strips to keep the readers ________. (interest)
21.I think one of the most _______ ways to improve memory is the link method. (effect)
22.It's wrong of you to make fun of the _______ boy. You should apologize to him. (able)
23.Because of her busy schedule, it is ________ for her to spend much time traveling. (possible)
24.Eating food with strong smell on the underground usually makes people ________.（comfort）
25.So what’s going on, you sound ________ on the phone?（worry）
26.On Children’s Day, we can see many balloons in ________ shapes and sizes in the street. (variety)
27.They found a new way to solve the problem, but it turned out to be ________. (use)
28.According to the report, many people in Tokyo like________ Japanese dishes. (tradition)
29.We all know that the breaking of glass bottle is a ________ change. (physics)
30.I think we have to be very ________ about receiving gifts from others. (careless)
31.As we all know, fresh water is a kind of ________ resource in the world. (limit)
32.Because of the ________ weather, quite a few kids got a bad cold. (change)
33.The assistant felt angry about the ________ rules of the company. (fair)
34.To stay ________, those hungry people had to eat grass roots. (live)
35.It seems __________ that our school has only picked the best students to attend the meeting. (fair)
36.I think online learning is really __________. It’s a funnier way of learning. (enjoy)
37.I just want you to know that, as my _______ leader, you have helped me to believe in myself. (great)
38.I didn't expect a beach area in Hainan to be so _______. (love)
39.There is a __________ painting I have in my office. (nature)
40.However, I prefer sky diving when it's completely _______. (sun)
41.My mother has become very________and confused these days. (forget)
42.We all think a ________ driver is a danger to the public. (care)
43.During the discussion, Mrs. Brown’s ______ voice deeply impressed me. (power)
44.WHO is one of the most important international ________ the world. (organize)
45.That area was in great need of ________ workers to help cure the patients. (medicine)
46.Zhong Nanshan and Li Lanjuan are ________ medical workers. They are the real heroes. (profession)
47.The more metro lines are built, the _______ traffic conditions we will have.(good)
48.The big smile on my teacher’s face shows that he is quite _______ with our work.(satisfy)
49.Please keep it in mind it’s awful to make friends with those _______ people.(honest)
答案
1.unhealthy2.living3.British4.unforgettable5.successful6.basic7.hopeless8.effective9.recent10.surprising11.probable12.unhappy13.earlier14.interested15.personal16.further17.various18.independent
19.creative20.interested21.effective22.disabled23.impossible24.uncomfortable25.worried26.various27.useless28.traditional29.physical30.careful31.limited32.changeable33.unfair34.alive35.unfair
36.enjoyable37.greatest38.lovely39.natural40.sunny41.forgetful42.careless43.powerful44.organizations45.medical46.professional47.better48.satisfied49.dishonest50.attractive51.confident