2021年英语中考语法复习：宾语从句讲解及提升练习（有答案）

中考语法复习：宾语从句的讲解及提升练习
一．概念：
宾语从句是在复合句中充当宾语的句子，常跟在动词或介词的后面。
二．结构：
主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句
三．宾语从句种类
a. 由that引导的宾语从句，that无任何意义，可以省略。
当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导
Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better.
She says (that) she won’t take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.
Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.
He said (that) he would like to see the headmaster.
注意：
在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的
从句也可算是宾语从句。
I’m sorry (that) I don’t know .
We’re sure (that) our team will win .
I’m afraid (that) he won’t pass the exam.
b. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句，if或whether表示“是否”，不可以省略。
当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导
I want to know if /Whether you still work in the factory.
He asks if /Whether we will go to visit the museum next week.
注意：
一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
②在介词前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.
③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.
c. 由疑问词引导的宾语从句，疑问代词或疑问副词有意义，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分，不可以省略。
当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, who, whom, which, whose）或连接副词（when,
where, how, why）引导
Do you know when we are going to Beijing?
He wants to know who lives in this room.
I wonder what he is doing now.
I am really surprised at why he said so.
注意：
带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句。
I don’t know how far it is to the cinema .
Please tell us how many students there are in your school ?
Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan ?
四．宾语从句语序
　宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。
　Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳)
　Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( √)
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分)
注意:
当从句的原句为以下句子以及疑问词做主语(常用：which, who)作主语时，语序不变：
What’s wrong?/What’s the matter?/What’s happening?/What’s the proble?/What’s the trouble?
eg:I don’t know what’s the matter./Can you tell me who is over there?
五．宾语从句时态
1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定。
Please tell us where we’ll go fishing tomorrow.
Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?
I don’t think (that) you are right.
2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行
时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。
He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992. ( √)
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. ( √)
I thought (that) you are free today. (╳)
I thought (that) you would be free today. ( √)
注意：
当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。
The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.
Could you.......?引导的宾语从句时态不用过去时，根据主句来决定时态。could是委婉语气。
Could you tell me how I can get to the station?
六．宾语从句和状语从句的区别
I will go out tomorrow if it is fine tomorrow.
→状语从句，表示“条件”，修饰主句，意为：如果。
I don’t know if the train has arrived.
→宾语从句，充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语，意为：是否。
判断方法：
1、从整个句式看。
状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面，宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
2、从引导词看。
if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether，词义为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词时，词
义为“如果”。
when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当……
的时候”。
3．从时态看。
if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。
if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，一般遵从“主将从现”的用法。
They don’t know if (是否)we are going hiking next weekend.(宾语从句)
We’ll go to the Great Wall if (如果) it doesn’t rain tomorrow.(状语从句)
=If doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the Great Wall.
Could you tell me when（什么时候）the train arrives ? (宾语从句)
Every thing is coming to life when（当……时候）spring comes.(状语从句)
七．宾语从句中的从句简化（难点）
在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the station? →Can you tell me how to get to the station?
巩固提升：
一、单选题
1．I just wanted to know _________.
A．where you have been these days B．what were you doing at that time
C．who would you go shopping with D．when the sports meeting would be held
2．— Do you know ________ Lily can lose so much weight in such a short time?
— Of course, by having sports regularly and being on a strict diet.
A．why B．when C．what D．how
3．The class teacher asked the students .
A．why doesn’t Jack come for the picnic B．why didn’t Jack come for the picnic
C．why Jack doesn’t come for the picnic D．why Jack didn’t come for the picnic
4．A:Would you please tell me the video conference will be held? B: In two weeks.
A．how long B．how much time C．how soon D．how often
5．– Do you know Jinshan Wanda Square has been open to the public?– Since 2015.
A．how soon B．what time C．how often D．how long
6．Wendy was considering if she ________ to the manager about the awful food the next day.
A．complains B．had complained C．has complained D．would complain
7．Mum, can you tell me ________ coat I should wear today, the blue one or the red one?
A．whose B．what C．who D．which
8．Can you tell me ________ I can search for information on the Internet?
A．what B．how C．when D．where
9．Could you please tell me _________？
A．how can I get to the supermarket
B．how could I get to the supermarket
C．how I can get to the supermarket
D．how I could get to the supermarket
10．My father promised that he me a new computer the next week.
A．buy B．buys C．will buy D．would buy
11．The weather expert predicted that the coming typhoon ______ destructive.
A．is B．will be C．have been D．would be
12．I wonder ________as the advertisement has promised．
A．does the air﹣cleaner really work B．the air﹣cleaner really works
C．that the air﹣cleaner really works D．if the air﹣cleaner really works
13．Could you please tell me _______?
A．where can I find the nearest shopping mall B．where is the nearest shopping mall
C．where I can find the nearest shopping mall D．how can I get to the nearest shopping mall
14．The little girl asked her mum .
A．when will her baby teeth start to fall out B．when her baby teeth would start to fall out
C．when would her baby teeth start to fall out D．when her baby teeth will start to fall out
15．Could you tell me _____?
A．why you were late for school
B．where can I borrow the DVD
C．if he had given us a lesson
D．how would he deal with the case
16．Excuse me, could you tell me ______?
A．where is the nearest shopping mall B．where was the nearest shopping mall
C．where the nearest shopping mall is D．where the nearest shopping mall was
17．Many kids want to know ______.
A．what is the spaceship like B．what the spaceship looks like
C．how the spaceship looks like D．how does the spaceship look like
18．Jane told us that she ______ a trip to Taiwan with her daughter the next month.
A．will take B．has taken C．had taken D．would take
19．Jack’s mother wondered ______.
A．how much the digital camera has cost B．the digital camera had cost how much
C．how much the digital camera had cost D．how much had the digital camera cost
20．Could you please tell us ________?
A．if the plane would take off on time B．if the plane will take off on time
C．when the plane had taken off · D．when the plane would take off
21．— Kate, do you know _________?
— Sure, about one and a half hours.
A．when did the opera begin B．where the interview was held
C．how long the film will last D．how often the meeting is held
22．I didn’t know that many of our bad habits ______ the environment.
A．damage B．will damage C．have damaged D．would damage
23．Do you know ________ my mail will be received by my friend in New York?
A．how long B．how soon C．how often D．how far
答案：
1．D2．D3．D4．C5．D6．D7．D8．B9．C10．D11．D12．D13．C14．B15．A16．C
17．B18．D19．C20．B21．C22．D23．B
二、改写句子
1."How can I improve my memory, Miss White?" said Jack. (改为间接引语)
Jack asked Miss White how ________ ________ improve his memory.
2."Are there any new markets in this town?" The sales manager wondered. (改为间接引语)
The sales manager wondered __________ there __________ any new markets in this town.
3."Are you going to give us a lecture this afternoon?" Cindy asked Mr. Black.（改为间接引语）
Cindy asked Mr. Black ________ he ________ going to give them a lecture that afternoon.
4.Jessie asks, “Did the ancient Greeks win the battle through a trick?”（合并为一句）
Jessie asks _____ the ancient Greeks _____ the battle through a trick.
5.David hasn't decided what to learn in the coming winter holidays.（改为宾语从句）
David hasn't decided what _______ _______ learn in the coming winter holidays.
6.“When will we have the final exam?” the students asked. (改为含有宾语从句的复合句)
The students asked _________ _________ would have the final exam.
7.My friend Mary asked me, “Have you done anything to solve the problem?”（改为宾语从句）
My friend Mary asked me _____ I _____ done anything to solve the problem.
8.The manager asked the clerks, "Can you come up with a new idea for sales?"(改为宾语从句)
The manager asked the clerks _______ they _______ come up with a new idea for sales.
9."What can people do to protect themselves from the virus?" the reporter asked the doctor. (改为间接引语)
The reporter asked the doctor ________ people ________ do to protect themselves from the virus.
10.“Will our lives be better without computers?” Joey asked me.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
Joey asked me ____________ our lives ___________ be better without computers.
11.“Is Mr. Jones behind bars?” asked Pansy.（改为间语）
Pansy asked ________ Mr. Jones ________ behind bars.
12.The teacher asked, “Who wants to be the volunteer to do the experiment?” (改为宾语从句)
The teacher asked________ ________to be the volunteer to do the experiment.
13.John asked his teacher Sandy, "What do you think of our suggestions to the school?" (改为宾语从句)
John asked his teacher Sandy ________ she ________of their suggestions to the school.
14.When will they come back? The readers always asked. (改为宾语从句)
The readers always asked ________ they ________ come back.
15.The salesman asked me. When will you try the new model of the robot? (改为宾语从句)
The salesman asked me ________ I ________ try the new model of the robot.
16.The interviewer asked Roddy, “Have you seen any film stars in Hollywood?” (改为宾语从句)
The interviewer asked Roddy ________ he ________ seen any film stars in Hollywood.
17.“Roddy, do you enjoy working as an extra?” asked the journalist. (改为间接引语)
The journalist asked Roddy __________ __________ enjoyed working as an extra.
18.Linda asked me, “When will the CCTV Host Competition come to an end?”（改为间接引语）
Linda asked me ________ the CCTV Host Competition _________ come to an end.
19.“How did the ancient people build that stone bridge?” asks Tom. （改为间接引语）
Tom wants to know _________ the ancient people _________ that stone bridge.
20.“Why are you late for the meeting?” the manager asked Kevin. (改为含有宾语从句的复合句)
The manager asked Kevin ________ he ________ late for the meeting.
21.Mr. White asked us, “Who will be responsible for the broken window?” (改为间接引语)
Mr. White asked us who ______ ______ responsible for the broken window.
22.Did Bob catch the plane last weekend? Could you tell me? (改为含宾语从句的主从复合句)
Could you tell me ________ Bob ________ the plane last weekend?
23.“What kind of stories have you read these years?” Bob asked me. (改为宾语从句)
Bob asked me ________ kind of stories I ________ read these years.
24.“What will we have for dinner?” Nina asked her mother.（改为间接引语）
Nina asked her mother _______ they_______ have for dinner.
25.‘How have they managed to get everything finished so quickly?’ Mike wondered.（改为宾语从句）
Mike wondered________they________managed to get everything finished so quickly.
26.“Has Mary put all the books on the book shelves yet?” The librarian asked me. （合并为一句）
The librarian asked me if Mary__________ __________ put all the books on the book shelves.
答案
1.he could 2.if/whether were 3.if/whether was 4.whether/if won
5.he will 6.when they 7.if/whether had 8.whether could
9.what could 10.if/whether would 11.if/whether was 12.who wanted
13.what thought 14.when would 15.when would 16.if/whether had
17.if/whether he 18.when would 19.how built 20.why was
21.would be 22.whether/if caught 23.what had 24.what would
25.how had 26.had already