2021年中考语法复习：非谓语讲解及提升练习（有答案）

中考语法复习：非谓语讲解及提升练习
概念
非谓语是非谓语动词的简称，是指在句子中不作谓语的动词。
10077452273301102995189865不定式：(to) do (表将来)
动名词：doing (将动作事件化，不强调动作，只强调内容，相当于名词)
现在分词：doing (表进行、表主动)
分词
过去分词：done (表完成、表被动)
不定式：(to) do (表将来)
动名词：doing (将动作事件化，不强调动作，只强调内容，相当于名词)
现在分词：doing (表进行、表主动)
分词
过去分词：done (表完成、表被动)
分类
1579245176530非谓语分为三类：
◆不定式句法功能
不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时，为了避免句子“头重脚轻“，用it作形式主语，而把真正的不定式主语后置。
常考句型有：
It is/was + adj. + for/of sb. + to do sth.
注意：当形容词用来修饰to do sth这件事时，用for，意为“做某事对于某人来说怎么样”
当形容词用来修饰sb.时，用of，意为“某人做某事怎么样”
e.g. It’s important for us to learn English well. 学好英语对我们来说很重要。
It’s so kind of you to say so. 你这样说真是太好了。
It is/was + n. + (for sb.) + to do sth.
e.g. It was a bad way to ride there. 骑自行车去那里不是个好办法。
(3) It took/cost sb…+to do sth.
e.g. It took me two hours to finish my work yesterday. 昨天我用了两个小时才干完活。
不定式作宾语
不定式作宾语主要有以下三组用法，中考主要考查对以下三组用法中动词的识别：
动词+不定式，如：I want to learn English.
动词+疑问词+不定式，如：I don’t know how to learn English.
动词+it+不定式 (it作形式宾语)， 如：I find it interesting to learn English.
详解：
动词+不定式。适用于该用法的常考动词有：
hope, wish, want, expect, would like, agree, promise, refuse, manage, learn, decide, pretend, choose, fail...
e.g. Detective Ken decided to interview Jill and Jenny.
Mr. Jones failed to get the insurance money.
动词+疑问词+不定式。适用于该用法的常考动词有：
know, forget, remember, explain, discuss, wonder, teach, learn, show, ask, tell...
e.g. I don’t know what to do. 我不知道该做什么。
Let’s discuss where to go first. 咱们讨论一下先去哪里。
动词+it+不定式 (it作形式宾语)。适用于该用法的常考动词有：find, think, make.
e.g. We find it difficult to learn written Chinese. 我们发现学习中国文字很难。
I think it easy to answer this question. 我认为回答这个问题很简单。
We made it a rule to clean the classroom every day. 我们把每天打扫教室设为规矩了。
不定式作宾补
不定式作宾补有两种形式，即：带to不定式，不带to不定式
主+谓+宾+to do sth. 适用于该用法的常考动词有：
advise, ask, tell, help, wish, want, like, expect, teach, warn, invite, allow...
e.g. I advised them to arrive early.
They didn’t invite May to join them.
主+谓+宾+do sth. 适用于该用法的常考动词有：“吾看三室两厅有感觉”
感官动词：“五看”see,notice, watch, look at, observe; “两听”hear, listen to; “一感觉”feel.
使役动词：“三室”make, have, let
e.g. I saw him dance. 　=He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night. =They were made to work the whole night.
注意：在主动语态里省掉的to，在被动语态中不能省。
不定式作表语
当主语是抽象名词如suggestion, dream, question, decision...时，用不定式作表语对抽象名词进行解释说明e.g. My suggestion is to leave right now.
不定式作定语
不定式作定语需后置，对名词进行补充说明性质的限定修饰。
e.g. Pansy made a promise to write an article on detectives.
I have lots of homework to do.
不定式作状语
I’m sorry to hear that. （原因）
Tom is too young to go to school. （结果）
To get to work, he takes No.7 bus every day. （目的）
中考中，常对不定式作结果状语和目的状语进行考查，考查题型多为：句型转换。涉及知识点：
(1) 结果状从：“too + adj. /adv. + to do”= “so…that…”= “not…enough to do sth.” 表示“太...而不能”
e.g. The girl is too young to go to school.
= The girl is so young that she can’t go to school.
=The girl is not old enough to go to school.
(2) 目的状从：in order to do sth.= so as to do sth= so that+从句. 表示“为了...”
e.g. In order to achieve my dream, I must study hard.
= I must study hard so as to achieve my dream.
= I must study hard so that i can achieve my dream.
注意：in order to 置于句首句中都可以，而so as to和so that只能置于句中。
不定式常考易错
中考中，常对后接省to不定式的动词短语进行考查，学生极易惯性犯错。这样的常考短语有：
had better, would rather, will/would do please, do nothing but, why not等。
e.g. I would rather go there alone. 我宁愿与一个人去那里。
You’d better finish all the homework today. 你最好今天就完成所有家庭作业。
We can do nothing but wait. 除了等我们什么也做不了。
would please help me carry the heavy box? 你能帮我抬一下这个重重的箱子吗？
Why not go to see grandma with your parents? 为什么不跟父母一起去看奶奶呢？
巩固提升：
一、单选题
1．Many students admitted ________ games once in a while when they took online courses.
A．play B．played C．playing D．to play
2．The sadness over her father's death made it difficult for her ________ schoolwork.
A．finish B．to finish C．finishing D．to finishing
3．The husband denied _______ his wife when the reporter first interviewed him.
A．kill B．to kill C．killing D．killed
4．After work Mary decided _______ new technologies to enrich her teaching.
A．learned B．to learn C．learning D．learn
5．These days doctors often advise citizens ________ hands more often than usual.
A．wash B．washes C．washing D．to wash
6．The air outside is very dirty this morning. Would you mind ________ the windows?
A．close B．to close C．closing D．closes
7．When the detective interviewed the man, he denied ________ the expensive earrings.
A．to steal B．stealing C．steals D．steal
8．In order to memorize the new words, you'd better practise ________ them again and again.
A．use B．to use C．to using D．using
9．When we're under a lot of stress, we need something that enables us ________ relaxed.
A．feel B．to feel C．to feeling D．feeling
10．________more trees can help to protect the Earth and make it more beautiful.
A．Planted B．To plant C．Planting D．Plant
11．Nowadays all schools require students ________ hands before having meals.
A．wash B．to wash C．washing D．washed
12．Read the directions printed on the box and you will know how ________ the batteries.
A．changing B．changed C．to change D．will change
13．Many little boys hope that they can have the ability ________ the world like superheroes.
A．save B．to save C．saving D．saved
14．Nowadays students have more time to practice ________ English after class.
A．speak B．spoke C．speaking D．to speak
15．Oh very funny! You expect me ________ that?
A．believe B．to believe C．believed D．believing
16．Lily promised her son ________ a trip abroad if he made some progress in study.
A．arrange B．arranges C．arranging D．to arrange
17．Mr. Jones denied _________ his own vase, but later he admitted his crime.
A．steal B．to steal C．stealing D．stolen
18．It is not a good idea _________ a picnic on windy days.
A．have B．to have C．having D．had
19．The little boy admitted _______ the vase on the shelf at last.
A．to break B．break C．breaking D．broke
20．Danny really expected ________ some time to do some reading in the evening.
A．have B．had C．to have D．having
21．Both John and his brother denied ________ the bookshelves.
A．messing B．to mess C．mess D．messed
22．I’ll take care of the puppy, and you don’t have to remind me ________ things for him.
A．do B．to do C．doing D．to doing
23．Emily’s mother felt it necessary to let her daughter her own decision this time.
A．to make B．makes C．make D．making
24．The soldiers tried many ways to prevent the flood from________ the roads and fields.
A．destroy B．to destroy C．destroying D．destroyed
25．The government promised________ some schools for the children in mountain areas.
A．build B．to build C．building D．built
26．Mr. Wang is busy ________ his report, so he won't come to your party this afternoon.
A．write B．wrote C．to write D．writing
27．Students are required ________ well prepared before the final exam comes.
A．getting B．get C．to getting D．to get
28．Remember to avoid ________ your eyes, nose and mouth before washing your hands.
A．touch B．touched C．to touch D．touching
29．Anna's parents always encouraged her ________ questions while she was having remote (远程) lessons.
A．raise B．raising C．to raise D．raises
30．Most people enjoy ________ their holidays in Thailand for its natural beauty and wild animals.
A．spend B．spending C．spent D．to spend
31．After ________ some complaints about the food, the manager decided to change the cooks.
A．receive B．receiving C．received D．to receive
32．Kitty avoided ________ at the teacher so that her name would not be called.
A．look B．looking C．looked D．to look
33．The restaurant has tried every possible way ________ the customers.
A．attract B．attracting C．attracted D．to attract
34．My daughter doesn’t remember ______ on her first day of school.
A．cry B．cried C．crying D．to cry
35．They don’t allow people ______ in front of the building.
A．park B．to park C．parking D．to parking
36．The careless driver failed ________ the other car in time, which caused a terrible accident.
A．to see B．seeing C．see D．saw
37．The pop singer was busy ________ for his concert. He didn’t have enough time to take a rest.
A．to prepare B．preparing C．prepare D．prepared
38．Remember how you allowed me ________for dance and music lesson.
A．enter B．entering C．to entering D．to enter
39．It's a pity that some students waste energy _________ on line.
A．to chat B．chatting C．chat D．to chatting
40．In a new place, Jim can’t stop________about what his new school is going to be like.
A．worry B．to worry C．worrying D．worried
41．The little girl kept _________ to her grandpa until he was out of sight.
A．wave B．waving C．to wave D．waved
42．Would you mind ________ outside for a moment?
A．wait B．waited C．to wait D．waiting
43．Jimmy often makes us ________ by telling a lot of funny stories.
A．laugh B．laughed C．to laugh D．laughing
44．I advised Joe to keep ______ regularly in order to lose weight.
A．to exercise B．exercised C．exercises D．exercising
45．Kitty’s mother often makes her ______ up early to walk the dog in their neighborhood.
A．to get B．get C．getting D．got
46．The dark smoke from the factories near the river made the local people ________ sick.
A．feel B．felt C．feeling D．to feel
47．During the winter holidays, the boy practiced ________ the guitar for three hours a day.
A．to play B．playing C．play D．played
48．You’d better stop________ and have a rest for at least two hours. You are really tired.
A．work B．to work C．working D．to working
49．Mr Ma said he was going to have an important meeting________ at 1:00 this afternoon.
A．attend B．to attend C．will attend D．attending
50．Will the special period encourage students _______more independent of their teachers?
A．be B．being C．to be D．been
51．Mr. Baker’s been in Britain for several years, so he’s used to _______ on the left.
A．drive B．driving C．drives D．drove
52．They will keep________the problem with their international partners.
A．discuss B．to discuss C．discusses D．discussing
53．The parents asked their son to be serious but he always pretended________nothing.
A．to hear B．hearing C．hear D．heard
54．He denied ________ down the old man although some witnesses said so.
A．knock B．to knock C．knocking D．knocked
55．— Do you always get up at five?
— Yes, ________ my dog. He barks very early in the morning.
A．walk B．to walk C．walking D．walked
56．My purchases were three weeks late. I had expected the goods on time.
A．arrive B．arriving C．arrived D．to arrive
57．Judy going for a walk, but no one else wanted to.
A．agreed B．offered C．promised D．suggested
58．After being questioned by the police, he admitted lies about his real name.
A．tells B．told C．to tell D．telling
59．Mr Jones expected the insurance company him much money for the vase.
A．paid B．paying C．to pay D．pays
答案
1．C2．B3．C4．B5．D6．C7．B8．D9．B10．C11．B12．C13．B14．C15．B16．D
17．C18．B19．C20．C21．A22．B23．C24．C25．B26．D27．D28．D29．C30．B
31．B32．B33．D34．C35．B36．A37．B38．D39．B40．C41．B42．D43．A44．D
45．B46．A47．B48．C49．B50．C51．B52．D53．A54．C55．B56．D57．D58．D
59．C
二、将所给单词连成句子
1.to save, has tried, the doctor, the boy’s life, everything, possible (连词成句)
2.to communicate with, find, their parents, difficult, the teenagers, it (连词成句)
3.too late, a lie, is, to apologize, never, for, it, telling（连词成句）
4.to do, decided, the students, the environment, something, for (连词成句）
5.on a project, protect the environment, is working, these days, the young man, to help (连词成句)
6.learn that, I, are glad to, in China, have been chosen, my parents, to study（连词成句）
7.to, an, important, keep calm, it, in, emergency, is. （连词成句）
8.find, new skills, you, it, do, to learn, difficult（连词成句）
答案：
1.The doctor has tried everything possible to save the boy's life/ To save the boy's life, the doctor has tried everything possible
2.The teenagers find it difficult to communicate with their parents.
3.It’s never too late to apologize for telling a lie
4.The students decided to do something for the environment.
5.The young man is working on a project to help protect the environment these days.
6.My parents are glad to learn that I have been chosen to study in China.
7.It is important to keep calm in an emergency.
8.Do you find it difficult to learn new skills?