2021年中考语法复习：冠词讲解及提升练习（有答案）

中考语法复习：冠词讲解及提升练习
1. 不定冠词 (a/an)
1）有些单词虽是元音字母开头，却不是元音音素开头，前面用a。
如：a European country a one-day trip a university a useful book
2）有些单词开头的辅音字母不发音，实际上是以元音音素开头，前面用an。
如：an honest boy an hour
3）有些辅音字母的读音是以元音音素开头，如f, h, l, m, n, s, x, r，前面用an。
如：an X-ray photograph an MBA course
4）有些元音字母的读音是以辅音音素开头，如u，前面用a。【例如】a U-tube
5）a/an在一些习惯用语中：
come to an end 结束 do somebody a favor 帮某人忙
go for a swim 去游泳 go on a diet 节食
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have a good time 过得愉快 in a hurry 匆忙
have a break 休息一下 in a minute 一会儿
jump to a conclusion 贸然断定 make a decision 做决定
make a fire 生火 make a living 谋生
make a mistake 犯错误 make a noise 发出噪音
play a trick on 捉弄 take a look 看一看
take a message for 给某人捎个口信 take an underground 坐地铁
tell a lie 撒谎 take an active part in 积极参加
2. 定冠词 (the)
1）指前面或上文提到过的人或事物。
如：I have a cat and a dog. The cat is white and the dog is black.
2）特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。
如：The lady in red is our English teacher.
3）谈话双方都知道的是某个事物。
如：Excuse me, where is the bank?
4）在形容词最高级前。
如：The Nile is the longest river in the world.
5）序数词前。
如：Our classroom is on the fifth floor.
6）宇宙中独一无二的事物。
如：The sun is bigger than the earth.
7）江河、海洋或山脉前。
如：The Yangtze River is one of the longest rivers in the world.
8）用在方位、方向名词前。
如：Shanghai is in the east of China./Pudong is in the east of Shanghai.
9）乐器前。
如：Jack can play the piano.
10）定冠词the和某些形容词连用，表示一类人或事物（作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数）。
如：We should help the poor. the old 老年人 the young年轻人 the rich富人
11）用在姓氏的复数形式前面，表示全家人或夫妇二人（注意：作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数）
如：The Greens are going to Japan next week.
12）表示年代
如：在二十世纪九十年代 in the 1990s
13）用在普通名词构成的专有名词前。
如：I have been to the Great Wall twice.
14）用在单数名词前，表示某一类人或事物，和不定冠词的用法相似。
如：The elephant is unique in Africa.
15）the在一些习惯用语中。
如：all the way 一路上 at the end of 在……结束的时候
at the same time 同时 by the way 顺便问；顺便说一下
for the first time 第一次 for the time being 暂时；眼下
get into the habit of 养成……习惯 in the end 最后；终于
in the future 在将来 in the past 在过去
lay the table 摆好餐具 make the bed 整理床铺
on the phone 在听电话 on the other hand 另一方面
take the place of 代替 with the help of 在……的帮助下
16）定冠词的特殊用法。
在形容词、副词比较级前构成 “the+比较级……，the+比较级……”
如：The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
动词+somebody+介词+the+身体部位。
如：The football hit him on the head.
主语+动词+the+比较级+of the two+名词复数。
如：She is the taller of the two girls.
3. 零冠词
1）学科名称前。
如：We study Chinese, Math, English and so on.
2）在表示国家、城市等的专有名词前。
如：China, Shanghai, New York City
如：the United States前必须有定冠词the
【注意】America 前不加定冠词the
3）在日期、季节、月份、星期、节日前。（但在一些表示名族节日的词前需加the）
如：He was born on Monday, February 14, 1995./We often have a good time on Christmas Day.
【注意】the Spring Festival the Mid-Autumn Festival
4）一日三餐前。
如：We have some bread and milk for breakfast.
5）球类运动前。
如：We play football after school every day.
6）在this, that, these, those, my, whose, next, last, some, any, every, each等词前。
如：We had a good time last weekends./We are going to have a picnic this coming Sunday.
7）不可数名词，如物质名词和抽象名词前。
如：Snow is white.
8）在家庭成员、称呼语及表示头衔的名词前。
如：My father and mother went for a walk./President Lincoln was born poor.
9）在复数名词前，表示泛指或类指。
如：Horses are useful animals.
10）零冠词用在一些固定搭配：
at breakfast/lunch/dinner 在早/午/晚餐时 at work 在工作
by bus/train/plane 坐汽车/火车/飞机 have breakfast 吃早餐
in class 在课上 in danger 在危险中
in hospital 住院 in surprise 惊奇地
in trouble 处在困境中 go to church 去做礼拜
on foot 步行 in time 及时
on time 准时 at night 在晚上

注意：在一些短语中，有冠词和没有冠词意义不同。
【例如】in class 在上课 in the class 在班上
in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院里
go to school 上学 go to the school 到学校去
in front of 在……前面 in the front of 在……（内部）前面
at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁边
in school 在学校读书 in the school 在学校里
go to church 去做礼拜 go to the church 去教堂
巩固提升：
一、单选题
1．On September 8, Thailand’s ________ monkey celebrated her 55th birthday at Khao Kheow Open Zoo.
A．old B．older C．oldest D．the oldest
2．The man hit his hands against his leg several times until he felt ________ sharp pain.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
3．_______ woman in the picture saved a lot of people's lives.
A．A B．An C．The D．/
4．"The boss is on ________ phone. He can't see you now." the secretary said to me.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
5．The society should offer ________ disabled more chances for jobs.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
6．A good way to make a piece of writing come to ________ life is to describe things through senses.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
7．I enjoy having ________ breakfast with my family at home. It makes me feel relaxed.
A．/ B．a C．an D．the
8．Doctor Li says Mike is a little overweight and he needs to go on ________ diet.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
9．Manager, I'd like to make _________ complaint about the shop assistant's bad attitude.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
10．After half an hour's discussion, they were all in _______ favor of my suggestion.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
11．Be sure to take your teacher's advice. Then you will make ________ progress.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
12．It’s reported that more and more children learn to play ________ badminton at an early age.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
13．The young man was given an award for his services to ________ disabled.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
14．Many people are eager to see________ famous artwork, the Mona Lisa, with their own eyes.
A．/ B．the C．a D．an
15．My father is ________ university teacher in Shanghai. He always works hard.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
16．Human beings still can't stop the spread of some disease for ________ time being.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
17．In China ________ disabled are taken good care of and respected as well.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
18．________ amusing film Home alone is!
A．What B．What a C．What an D．How
19．It is said that keeping ________ diary helps improve one’s writing ability.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
20．The English usually make ______ tea in a teapot and drink it with cream and sugar.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
21．He didn’t even thank me, so that was the last time I did him ________ favour.
A．a B．the C．an D．/
22．—Would you like to open the window for me?
—It's a little windy outside and I have ________ headache problem.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
23．Madam, I didn’t make it. May I have _________ second try?
A．a B．an C．the D．/
24．Allen called his son to give him ________ hand in the garden.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
25．The genius boy, Laurent Simons, went to ______ college at the age of twelve.
A．а B．the C．an D．/
26．Christine does not usually have ________ supper unless she is very hungry.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
27．There is ________ “u” in the word “though”. Please don’t miss it when you write the word.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
28．Did you notice the lady who was talking happily on ________ phone over there?
A．/ B．a C．an D．the
29．He has been to ______ university to visit his professor for several times since graduation.
A．the B．a C．/ D．an
30．Every morning I have ________ egg and two pieces of bread for breakfast.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
31． sick need to be looked after, so money must be spent on hospitals.
A．A B．An C．The D．/
32．Please take the valuable vase there with great care. I don’t want it to be broken.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
33．Sally often works in the garden after ______ breakfast on Saturday morning.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
34．Never be too proud. There is always _____ room for improvement to become perfect.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
35．Middle school students usually have one-day spring outing in April or May.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
36．Garry likes to go for picnic with his family on sunny weekends.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
37．At last it seemed that the war night be coming to end.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
38．This magazine can’t be taken out of the reading room for ______ time being.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
39．Thousands of people go to big citiesto make living every year.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
40．Please take look at the photo and see if you recognize anyone in it.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
41．When you play ________ violin, you need to pick it up by your neck with your left hand.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
42．I’ll take________ close look at my car. Some strange noise comes from the front wheel.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
43．Sending e-mail has almost taken place of writing letters.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
44．Kitty is _______honest girl . She never tells lies and we like her very much .
A．a B．an C．the D．/
45．More and more young people are trying to do something for ________old at weekends．
A．a B．an C．the D．/
46．Many children start to practice playing ________ piano at an early age.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
47．The doctor suggested to the fat boy that he should go on______diet to keep healthy．
A．a B．an C．the D．/
48．David was in such______hurry that he went to school without breakfast this morning．
A．a B．an C．the D．/
49．The main purpose of international laws of war is to protect ________ innocent．
A．a B．an C．the D．/
50．Many students in my class have _______ lunch at school for free．
A．the B．a C．an D．/
51．The guests are told that the furniture in the flat is designed by ______ owner himself.
A．the B．an C．a D．/
52．Alisa is such_______ honest student that she is often praised by her teachers．
A．a B．an C．the D．/
53．All of us opened our mouths in ________ surprise at the unexpected news.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
54．____ old man in bule is Susan’s physics teacher.
A．A B．An C．The D．/
55．Carl told us that his trip to the United States was _____ wonderful experience．
A．a B．an C．the D．/
56．Brooklyn Beckham，________ eldest child of the Beckhams，will sell his photo book in May，2017．
A．a B．an C．the D．/
57．The young engineer solved the problem in ________ unusual way．
A．a B．an C．the D．/
58．One day Gloria wants to play football for her country in the World Cup.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
59．Sue likes writing very much. She began to keep diary five years ago.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
60．It's common sense that everyone should respect and take care of _____ old．
A．a B．an C．the D．/
61．If you want to lose weight, you should go on diet and have more exercise.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
62．The red cross said that many of ______ wounded were not receiving needed care.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
63．Could you do me________favor and pick up Sam from school today?
A．the B．an C．a D．/
64．Last night, a man sat at a metro station and started to play ______ violin.
A．a B．/ C．the D．an
65．The UK is _____ European country and China is _____ Asian country.
A．an; an B．a; a C．a; an D．an; a
66．Learning from successful people is ______ good way to gain wisdom.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
67．Every child should go to ________ school at the age of six in China.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
68．Last week I bought ______ USB flash disk to store my reading materials.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
69．Have you found ______ detective book they talked about yesterday?
A．/ B．a C．an D．the
70．It is said that ______ new amusement park will be built in the west of Shanghai in the future.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
71．Do you think AI（人工智能）will take ______ place of humans some day in the future?
A．the B．an C．a D．/
72．— Must I finish _________ hamburger, Mommy? It’s too big.
— No, my dear, you don’t have to.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
73．The little boy has learned to make _________ bed and dress himself.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
74．She was in such _________ severe pain that she could hardly sit up.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
75．The water in ________ river rose three feet last night because of the flood.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
76．It’s our duty to take good care of ______ aged.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
77．The kind girl always has ______ pity on the homeless cats in the neighbourhood.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
78．Alfred usually does not have ______ lunch unless he is very hungry.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
79．They have decorated their bedroom in ______ unusual way.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
80．The students are planning to have ______ outdoor barbecue party next week.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
答案
1．C2．A3．C4．C5．C6．D7．A8．A9．A10．D11．D12．D13．C14．B15．A16．C
17．C18．C19．A20．D21．A22．A23．A24．A25．D26．D27．A28．D29．A30．B31．C
32．D33．D34．D35．A36．A37．B38．C39．A40．A41．C42．A43．C44．B45．C46．C
47．A48．A49．C50．D51．A52．B53．D54．C55．A56．C57．B58．D59．A60．C61．A62．C
63．C64．C65．C66．A67．D68．A69．D70．A71．A72．C73．C74．A75．C76．C77．D78．D
79．B80．B