2021年中考语法复习：语态讲解及提升练习（有答案）

中考语法复习：被动语态讲解及提升练习
一．概念：
语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。
二、基本分类（使用被动语态的情况）
不知道：Some new computers were stolen last night. （动作执行者不明）
没必要：Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. （没必要指出动作执行者）
需强调：Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.（强调动作承受者）
三、用法详解
1、构成：be+动词过去分词
be + done
am/is/are
was/were
am/is/are + being
各种时态 was/were + being
will/would/be going to + be
have/has /had + been
can/must/may/need be
中考中常考的五种被动结构：

时态
主动语态
被动语态
例句
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
do/ does
am/is/are done
We clean the classroom.
The classroom is cleaned by us.
一般过去时
did
was/were done
He made the kite.
The kite was made by him.
一般将来时
will/shall/be going to do
will/shall/be going to be done
They will plat trees tomorrow.
Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
现在完成时
have/has done
have/has been done
Jim has finished the work.
The work has been finished by Jim.
情态动词
can/may/must do
can/may/must be done
I can find him.
He can be found by me.
2、解题步骤
1）第一步： 判断正确的被动结构：be + done
2）第二步： 根据时间状语判断时态，选出正确答案。
3、五项注意
1）不及物动词无被动语态：无宾语何来被动
What will happen in 100 years.
　　 The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2）变被动还原to：四看三使两听一感觉★
　　 A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.
→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
　　 The boss made the little boy do heavy work.
→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
3）双宾变被动：直宾（物）作主语需加介词
He gave me a book. →A book was given to me by him.
　　 My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
4）短语是整体：勿忘介词或副词
We can't laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.
　　 He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
5）复合宾语变被动：宾语变主语，宾补成主补
I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.→ Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.
4、主动表被动
1）need, want, require（要求，需要）/ deserve(应得，值得), be worth值得）
①The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
②The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。
③These young seedlings will require/need looking after 这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。
④Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).?你的头发该剪了。?
2）感官系动词：look, sound, taste, feel, smell
①Uniforms look ugly on us. 我们穿着制服很难看。
②Moon cakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很好吃。
3）sell, wash, write, read, clean, cook, break, catch, drive, lock, open等作不及物动词时，主语为物。
它们被用来描述主语特征，通常与well, easily等副词连用。
①This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。
②This kind of skirt sells well here. 这种样式的衬衫在这卖得很好。
③This kind of cloth washes well.这种布料很容易清洗。
巩固提升：
一、单选题
1．A high-tech ship ________ after the Mayflower that set sail from Plymouth in 1620.
A．names B．named C．be named D．was named
2．Some new schools _______ in Minhang District, Shanghai in the near future.
A．are built B．will build C．are building D．will be built
3．The museum ________ next month to celebrate the Science and Technology Festival.
A．is decorated B．will decorate C．is decorating D．will be decorated
4．Our work ________ with winning the second prize in a national short film competition.
A．rewards B．rewarded C．is rewarded D．was rewarded
5．In about ten years’ time, more and more electric cars ________ running on the road.
A．have been seen B．will be seen C．would see D．are seeing
6．5G cell phones ________ in most cities in China since two years ago.
A．have provided B．were providing C．were provided D．have been provided
7．Water supply________ after something strange in the river water was found and reported.
A．has stopped B．had been stopped C．is stopping D．was stopped
8．Next Friday the hall _________ to celebrate the Science and Technology Festival.
A．decorated B．is decorating
C．will decorate D．will be decorated
9．It was surprising that Huoshengshan Hospital _______ in about ten days in February, 2020.
A．built B．was built C．has been built D．will be built
10．The date of the meeting for this project ________ last Friday.
A．was fixed B．is fixed C．will be fixed D．has been fixed
11．An official ________by some reporters on the traffic problems in Shanghai last Friday.
A．is interviewing B．is interviewed C．was interviewing D．was interviewed
12．Since the story ________ in pictures, reading it together is a lot more fun than you ever imagined.
A．tells B．be told C．is told D．is telling
13．The ever-growing space explorations mean that more astronauts ______.
A．require B．was required C．required D．are required
14．Doctor Zhang, leader of the medical team of experts, _________ by CCTV last week.
A．had interviewed B．was interviewed C．has interviewed D．is interviewed
15．The superheroes, such as Spider-Man and Iron Man, ______ by Stan Lee when he was alive.
A．are created B．have been created C．will be created D．were created
16．About 840,000 tons of kitchen waste ________ every year in Shanghai.
A．will create B．will be created C．creates D．is created
17．Soon the firemen arrived at the scene, and the old man in the fire________ at last.
A．was saved B．saved C．has saved D．has been saved
18．Most of Jeff’s best books ________ when he was sick and poor.
A．wrote B．would write C．had written D．were written
19．The opening ceremony of the event ________ in Rome on Jan. 21, 2020.
A．is held B．was held C．will be held D．has been held
20．Don't worry. The meeting room ________ with everything necessary for the ceremony.
A．is decorated B．decorated C．has been decorated D．had been decorated
21．The first Hollywood film ______ in 1911. Early movie theaters were called “Nickelodeons”.
A．produce B．was produced C．be produced D．produced
22．The flat of the famous architect ________ at the price of 8 million dollars last year.
A．will sell B．will be sold C．sold D．was sold
23．The invitation letter________to Charles and his wife the day before yesterday.
A．was emailed B．is emailed C．will be emailed D．has been emailed
24．Dave’s second book ________ last year and now he has finished a third one.
A．is published B．was published C．will be published D．has been published
25．The 10th China flower expo ______ in Chongming Island from March to July in 2021.
A．was held B．will be held C．is held D．has been held
26．Mobile phones________ in our daily life now, like making phone calls, paying and reading.
A．will widely use B．are widely used C．have widely used D．were widely used
27．After a heated discussion, they have decided where the new shopping mall ________.
A．will be built B．will build C．would be built D．would build
28．Because of the spread of the disease, our flight to France________last week.
A．is cancelling B．has cancelled C．is cancelled D．was cancelled
29．My advice on decorating the back wall ________ at last by the class teacher.
A．was accepted B．was accepting C．will be accepted D．will accept
30．Every year billions of tons of rubbish in Europe. Are you shocked by this?
A．produces B．are produced C．be produced D．has produced
31．To help people travel around the city more easily, more underground lines in the next few years in Shanghai.
A．are built B．will build C．are building D．will be built
32．It's a pleasure that Lucy ______ to the charity show last night.
A．invites B．is invited C．invited D．was invited
33．All the boys into five groups to complete the group activities just now.
A．divide B．have divided C．were divided D．will be divided
34．The old man was sad because his favourite vase by his naughty granddaughter.
A．broke B．breaks C．is broken D．was broken
35．According to NASA, in 2024 the first woman ________ on the moon .
A．is landed B．was landed C．has been landed D．will be landed
36．Hundreds of copies of his novels ______ since the press conference last month.
A．are sold B．were sold C．will be sold D．have been sold
37．According to the political adviser, 5G smartphones on the market in early 2020.
A．will be sold B．has been sold C．are sold D．were sold
38．– How old is the house? – It ________ by my grand grandfather in 1940.
A．is built B．was built C．will be built D．has been built
39．Different kinds of clothes ________ delivered to the earthquake-hit area tomorrow.
A．will be B．had been C．were D．are
40．Last night in Garden City, many trees down in the storm.
A．be blown B．are blown C．were blown D．have been blown
41．The ceremony of the 89th Oscar(奥斯卡) Awards _______in Los Angeles on February 27, 2017.
A．is held B．was held C．has held D．hold
42．After his death，the land _____ equally among his sons．
A．divides B．divided C．was divided D．has divided
43．---Excuse me, could you please tell me if the sports meeting ________ on time?
---It’s hard to say. If it rains tomorrow, we’ll have to put it off.
A．is held B．will be held C．has been held D．was held
44．One of our school rules is that smart phones____in class．
A．aren't allowed B．don't allow
C．isn't allowed D．won't allow
45．A woman who fell 10meters from High Peak _______ to safety by a helicopter．
A．lifted B．is lfted
C．was lifting D．was lifted
答案：
1．D2．D3．D4．D5．B6．D7．D8．D9．B10．A11．D12．C13．D14．B15．D
16．D17．A18．D19．B20．C21．B22．D23．A24．B25．B26．B27．A28．D29．A
30．B31．D32．D33．C34．D35．D36．D37．A38．B39．A40．C41．B42．C43．B
44．A45．D
二、改写句子
1.Many countries sent medical teams to Beirut after the disaster. (改为被动语态)
After the disaster medical teams ________ ________ to Beirut by many countries.
2.We raised a lot of money for the poor children in the west of China. (改为被动语态)
A lot of money __________ __________ for the poor children in the west of China.
3.So far, COVID-19 has killed thousands of people in that country.（改为被动语态）
So far, thousands of people ________ ________ killed by COVID-19 in that country.
4.The teacher chose our monitor to take part in the English competition last Friday.（改为被动语态）
Our monitor _____ to take part in the English competition last Friday.
5.Law requires the wearing of seat belts.（改为被动语态）
The wearing of seat belts _______ _______ by law.
6.They invited the scientist and his wife to the party on New Year's Eve.（改为被动语态）
The scientist and his wife ________ ________to the party on New Year's Eve.
7.We prepare the flower tea in the same way as the regular tea.（改为被动语态）
The flower tea _____ in the same way as the regular tea.
8.Metro workers will stop passengers who play music or videos on the speakers of their mobile phones.（改为被动语态）
Passengers who play music or video on the speakers of their mobile phones will ________ by Metro workers.
9.The robbery case has already been solved.（改为否定句）
The robbery case _______ been solved ________.
10.They name the world's first light-based quantum computer Jiuzhang(九章). (改为被动语态)
The world's first light-based quantum computer _________ _________ jiuzhang.
11.Our school put off outdoor activities because of the rain this morning.（改为被动语态）
Outdoor activities_____off by our school because of the rain this morning.
12.Our school will hold a sports meeting on the first Friday next month.?(改为被动语态)
A sports meeting will ________ ________ in our school on the first Friday next month.
13.We often hang some beautiful presents on the Christmas tree.(改为被动语态)
Some beautiful presents _______ often _______ on the Christmas tree.
14.A couple stole a vase worth about $300,000 yesterday.（改为被动语态）
A vase worth about $300,000 ________ by a couple yesterday.
15.The headmaster awarded one of the students the top prize in the contest. (改为被动语态)
One of the students ________ ________ the top prize in the contest by the headmaster.
16.People have changed their ways of life to protect the environment. (改为被动语态)
People's ways of life ________ changed to protect the environment.
17.Mr. Smith wrote a true story about his holiday in China. (改为被动语态)
A true story ________ ________ by Mr. Smith about his holiday in China.
18.Some visitors wrote the names and dates on the exhibitions. (改为被动语态)
The names and dates ________ ________ on the exhibitions by some visitors.
19.A German company has developed a rapid test. (改为被动语态)
A rapid test __________ __________ developed by a German company.
20.Each student gives a report about national news in Politics lessons. （改成被动语态）
A report about national news ________ ________ by each student in Politics lessons.
21.Our government provides free medical care for NCP patients. (改成被动语态)
Free medical care _______ _______ for NCP patients.
22.In Switzerland, people sell some of the old clothes in charity shops.（改为被动语态）
In Switzerland, some of the old clothes _______ _______ in charity shops.
23.As we all know, many travellers visit the Great Wall every year.（改为被动语态）
As we all know, the Great Wall _________ _________ by many travellers every year.
24.Every year, we invite many doctors to give lectures on keeping fit and healthy. (改为被动语态)
Every year, many doctors ________ ________ to give lectures on keeping fit and healthy.
25.Our country sent a medical team to Italy two months ago. (改成被动语态)
A medical team ______ ______ to Italy two months ago.
26.The headmaster awarded Emily the first prize in the English speech contest. (改为被动语态)
Emily ________ ________ the first prize in the English speech contest by the headmaster.
27.With the help of my Huawei phone, I took a lot of pictures last year. (改为被动语态)
A lot of pictures ________ by me last year with the help of my Huawei phone.
28.So far scientists have done a lot of research on Mars successfully.（改为被动语态）
So far a lot of research on Mars ________ ________ done successfully by scientists.
29.The government should not allow people to hunt wild animals for fun.（改为被动语态）
Hunting wild animals for fun should not _______ _______.
30.You should give the pet dog enough food and water every day.(改为被动语态)
The pet dog should__________ __________ enough food and water every day.
答案
1.were sent 2.was raised 3.have been 4.was chosen 5.is required 6.were invited 7.is prepared8.be stopped9.hasn’t yet 10.is named 11.were put12.be held 13.are hung 14.was stolen15.was awarded
16.have been17.was written 18.were written 19.has been 20.is given
21.is provided 22.are sold 23.is visited 24.are invited 25.was sent 26.was awarded 27.were taken28.has been 29.be allowed 30.be given