(共67张PPT)
第二讲 完形填空解题技巧
专题三
完形填空
[做真题·感悟高考]________________真题体验__透视命题规律
(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Molai
grew
up
in
a
tiny
village
in
India.The
village
lay
near
some
wetlands
which
became
his
second
__21__.He
learned
the
value
and
beauty
of
__22__
there
from
a
very
young
age.
When
he
was
16,Molai
began
to
notice
something
__23__
happening
around
his
home.A
flood
had
hit
the
area
earlier
that
year
and
the
__24__
it
caused
had
driven
away
a
number
of
birds.__25__,the
number
of
snakes
had
declined
as
well.He
__26__
that
it
was
because
there
weren't
enough
trees
to
protect
them
from
the
__27__.The
solution,of
course,was
to
plant
trees
so
the
animals
could
seek
__28__
during
the
daytime.He
turned
to
the
__29__
department
for
help
but
was
told
that
nothing
would
grow
there.However,Molai
went
looking
on
his
own
and
__30__
a
nearby
island
where
he
began
to
plant
trees.
__31__
young
plants
in
the
dry
season
was
__32__
for
a
lone
boy.Molai
built
at
the
__33__
of
each
sapling(幼树)a
bamboo
platform,where
he
placed
earthen
pots
with
small
holes
to
__34__
rainwater.The
water
would
then
drip(滴落)on
the
plants
below.
Molai
__35__
to
plant
trees
for
the
next
37
years.His
efforts
have
resulted
in
1,360
acres
of
naturally?grown
land
that
has
become
home
to
many
plants
and
animals.
[语篇解读] 主题:人与自然(环境保护)。话题:保护湿地。本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了在湿地附近的村庄长大的16岁的印度男孩Molai所发现的在湿地发生的令人不安的事情:鸟飞走,蛇的数量下降。为了改变这一现状,Molai决定植树,经过37年不懈的努力,终于使湿地变成了森林。文章倡导人们关注自然生态并保护环境,意在提高人们与自然和谐共处的意识。
21.A.dream
B.job
C.home
D.choice
解析:上文语境题。根据前一句句意“Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大”可知,这里是他的第一个“家”。村庄附近的湿地就是他的第二个“家”(home)。此处把“湿地”比喻为Molai的“第二个家”,说明他对湿地的热爱。dream梦想;job工作;choice选择。
答案:C
22.A.nature
B.youth
C.culture
D.knowledge
解析:上文语境题。根据上一句中的wetlands(湿地)可知,他了解到的是“自然”[nature(湿地是自然的一部分)]的价值和美。句意:在他很小的时候,他就在那儿了解到了自然的价值和美。youth青年;culture文化;knowledge知识。
答案:A
23.A.precious
B.interesting
C.disturbing
D.awkward
解析:下文语境题。根据下文可知,洪水造成的破坏使得鸟和蛇的数量减少,这些现象是“令人不安的”(disturbing)。句意:当Molai
16岁的时候,他开始注意到在他家附近有一些令人不安的事情发生了。precious宝贵的,珍贵的;interesting有趣的;awkward尴尬的,棘手的。
答案:C
24.A.waste
B.tension
C.pain
D.damage
解析:上文语境题。根据前半句句意“洪水在那年初袭击了那个地区”可知,是洪水造成的“破坏”(damage)使得大量的鸟飞走。waste浪费;tension紧张;pain痛苦。
答案:D
25.A.Besides
B.However
C.Therefore
D.Otherwise
解析:语意逻辑题。根据上文可知,鸟飞走是洪水带来的破坏所造成的负面影响,“除此之外”(besides),蛇的数量也下降了。此处表示语意上的递进,故用besides。however然而;therefore因此;otherwise否则。
答案:A
26.A.agreed
B.realized
C.remembered
D.predicted
解析:下文语境题。由下文提到的“是因为没有足够多的树来保护……”可知,这是他“意识到”(realize)的原因。agree同意;remember记得;predict预测。
答案:B
27.A.noise
B.heat
C.disease
D.dust
解析:下文语境题。这则故事发生在印度,因此这儿的温度常年都很高。再结合后面的干燥的季节(dry
season)可知,应该是保护鸟和蛇免受“高温、炎热”的侵袭。noise噪音;disease疾病;dust灰尘。
答案:B
28.A.directions
B.partners
C.help
D.shelter
解析:上文语境题。根据上文可知,问题是没有足够多的树,那么由此推断,解决这一问题的方式就是种树,这样动物们在白天的时候就可以找到“庇护处,遮蔽物”(shelter)。direction方向;partner同伴;help帮助。
答案:D
29.A.labor
B.police
C.forest
D.finance
解析:上文语境题。上文说Molai想种树,因此他寻求帮助的部门应该是与此相关的部门。句意:他向森林(forest)部门寻求帮助,却被告知那里什么都种不了。labor劳动;police警察;finance财政。
答案:C
30.A.rebuilt
B.discovered
C.left
D.managed
解析:上下文语境题。句意:然而,Molai没有放弃,他开始自己去寻找,“发现”(discover)了附近的一个岛,并开始在那里种树。rebuild重建;leave离开;manage设法做成,管理。
答案:B
31.A.Decorating
B.Observing
C.Watering
D.Guarding
解析:下文语境题。根据本段的最后一句“水会滴落在下面的植物上”可知,在干燥的季节,给小树“浇水”(water)是很难的。decorate装饰;observe观察;guard保卫。
答案:C
32.A.tough
B.illegal
C.fantastic
D.beneficial
解析:下文语境题。从a
lone
boy可知,对于独自一个人干活的小男孩来说,给小树浇水是“很难的”(tough)。illegal违法的;fantastic极好的;beneficial有益的。
答案:A
33.A.back
B.top
C.foot
D.side
解析:下文语境题。根据本段的最后一句可知,植物在下面(the
plants
below),因此Molai建的竹子做的平台应该在小树的“上面”(top)。句意:Molai在每棵幼树的上面建了一个竹子做的平台……back后面;foot底部;side旁边,侧面。
答案:B
34.A.cool
down
B.keep
off
C.purify
D.collect
解析:上下文语境题。Molai在每棵幼树的上面建了一个竹子做的平台,平台上面放着带有小孔的陶罐,这些陶罐是用来“收集”(collect)雨水的。然后雨水就会滴落在下面的小树上。cool
down冷却下来;keep
off远离;purify净化。
答案:D
35.A.returned
B.learned
C.failed
D.continued
解析:下文语境题。Molai种树一直“持续”(continue)了37年。return回到;learn学习;fail失败。
答案:D
题型分为句内层次题、句组层次题、语篇层次题等三个层次,以句内层次题和句组层次题为主,语篇层次题为辅,较难的语篇层次题仅有3道左右。
完形填空本不难,把握主旨最关键。首句特别要重视,信息丰富莫小看。考题在手先别忙,急于做题太慌乱。从头到尾读全文,空格暂且放一边。脑中形成一幅画,紧扣中心不走偏。纵使有误也正常,不会连错一大片。若不清楚重来过,这样不算费时间。毕竟目标在高分,符合正确效率观。
一、5大方法速判句内层次题
解题信息分布在本句内,在读懂文义的前提下,利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接作答。对于此类题目,可边读边填,将原文信息尽量复原。
[研题型·解锁疑难]________________题型突破__揭示命题热点
1.利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题
完形填空中经常会考查一些固定结构、固定句式,这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。
(2020·高考全国卷Ⅲ节选)That
taught
me
a
valuable
__54__
and
I
pass
it
on
to
the
people
who
55.work
in
the
market.Don't
take
it
56.personally.If
a
customer
is
rude
or
difficult,just
think
“Maybe
she's
had
a
row
with
her
husband.Maybe
her
child's
not
57.well.”
54.A.lesson
B.trick
C.skill
D.trade
[分析] 固定搭配题。结合下文作者的认识可知,这件事给作者上了宝贵的一课(lesson)。teach
sb.a
lesson表示“给某人一个教训”。
(2019·高考全国卷Ⅲ节选)...Wednesday,residents(居民)of
Rjukan
47.received
their
very
first
ray
of
winter
sunshine:A
row
of
reflective
boards
on
a
nearby
mountainside
were
put
to
__48__.
48.A.repair
B.risk
C.rest
D.use
[分析] 固定搭配题。根据上文“A
row
of
reflective
boards
on
a
nearby
mountainside
were
put
to...”
可知,在附近的山坡上安装的一排反射板被投入使用。put
to
use
“投入使用”,固定搭配。
[答案核查]
54.A 48.D
2.利用生活常识和文化背景解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时,若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识,巧妙地加以运用,特别是注意中西文化的差异,将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程,节省宝贵的时间,顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。
(2019·高考天津卷节选)I
was
ready
to
pay
for
my
bananas
at
the
grocery
one
night,when
fear
seized
me.My
wallet
was
gone.I
could
only
have
left
it
on
the
G9
bus,which
was
now
speeding
in
the
dark
to
some
__16__
station.
16.A.accessible
B.hidden
C.unknown
D.convenient
[分析] 背景常识题。根据常识可知,作者把钱包遗忘在公交车上了,现在公交车在夜幕中正疾驰着去哪一个车站作者是不知道的。
3.利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系,它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分,将它作为线索,通过它推断出未知填空的答案。
(2019·高考浙江卷节选)What's
47.particularly
interesting
is
the
attitude
various
cities
have
toward
Dubanchet's
cause.Berlin
has
been
the
__48__
while
the
most
difficult
was
the
Czech
town
of
Pilsen.
There,he
had
to
49.ask
at
some
50
different
stores
or
restaurants
before
finding
food.The
50.challenge
is
all
the
more
serious
when
you
consider
the
51.demanding
exercise
required
to
bike
from
France
to
Poland.
48.A.easiest
B.nearest
C.biggest
D.richest
根据空后的“while
the
most
difficult
was
the
Czech
town
of
Pilsen”可知,空处应该是与最困难的作对比,因此柏林是最容易的(easiest)。
4.利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案,主要应用于完形填空的两类题型:一是考查连接词和起连接作用的短语,二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
(2020·高考全国卷Ⅲ节选)...They'll
have
out
half
the
45.goods
in
the
shop,and
want
the
only
style
you
don't
have
left
in
a
__46__
colour.I
do
know
how
upset
the
shop
staff
can
get,but
I
try
to
persuade
them
to
keep
47.smiling.
46.A.particular
B.different
C.matching
D.natural
[分析] 逻辑关系题。根据上文的want
the
only
style可知,店员拿出很多商品,但他们想要店里没有的特定(particular)颜色的。different不同的;matching相同的,相配的;natural自然的。
5.利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现:全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中,我们通常可以通过上下文语境,即根据已知信息,推出正确答案。
(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ节选)...Ehlers
41.thought
about
the
small
dog
he
had
seen
42.trembling
alongside
the
road.He
had
43.tried
to
coax(哄)the
dog
to
him
but,frightened,it
had
__44__.
44.A.calmed
down
B.stood
up
C.rolled
over
D.run
off
[分析] 语境暗示题。根据并列连词but以及形容词frightened可知小狗被吓跑了,run
off逃跑。
二、4大方法智取句组层次题
句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目,其解题信息分布在空格前后的信息中,解题时需瞻前顾后,综合前后信息解答。即本句信息不足填,空格前后再找信息源。
1.利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词、近义词、反义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起。因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况,理解文章的结构和语境,利用文章中的复现来选择正确的答案。
(2020·高考全国卷Ⅲ节选)As
a
businesswoman,I
care
deeply
about
my
customers.But
like
anyone
for
whom
you
feel
affection,__41__
can
also
drive
you
mad.They'll
come
rushing
in,42.saying
their
handbag's
been
stolen.
41.A.shopkeepers
B.customers
C.salespersons
D.receptionists
[分析] 词义复现题。根据上一句可知,作者非常关心顾客,下文举例说明了顾客的一些挑剔行为,结合but可知,此处是指顾客(customer)有时也会让人抓狂。shopkeeper店主;salesperson售货员;receptionist接待员。
(2019·高考江苏卷节选)Chris
and
Tim
work
at
a
zoo,helping
endangered
cranes
with
their
38.reproduction.
Emma,a
female
crane,has
been
in
their
__39__
since
she
arrived
in
2004.
Born
at
an
international
crane
foundation,Emma
was
40.raised
by
human
caretakers...
39.A.care
B.eye
C.mind
D.story
[分析] 词义复现题。自从2004年,Emma一直由Chris和Tim照顾。该空和下一段中的“human
caretakers”呼应。
[答案核查]
41.B 39.A
2.利用作者态度或感彩关联解题
在高考完形填空文章中,我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中,仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助我们快速确定一些题目的正确答案。
(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ节选)Every
year
about
40,000
people
attempt
to
climb
Kilimanjaro,the
highest
mountain
in
Africa.They
41.bring
with
them
lots
of
waste.The
42.crowds
might
damage
the
beauty
of
the
place.The
glaciers(冰川)are
disappearing,changing
the
43.face
of
Kilimanjaro.
Hearing
these
stories,I'm
__44__
about
the
place—other
destinations
are
described
as
“purer”
natural
experiences.
44.A.silent
B.skeptical
C.serious
D.crazy
[分析] 本题可以利用作者感彩关联解题。第一段谈到大批登山者给乞力马扎罗山带来了很多的垃圾,人群可能会破坏这个地方的美丽。冰川正在消失,改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。其他目的地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验,所以作者对乞力马扎罗山被严重破坏这一情况表示怀疑。由下文可知,作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山,作者想解开这个疑问。
(2016·高考四川卷节选)Aunt
Dede,a
teacher,had
read
the
book
to
her
students,and
they
loved
it.44.Even
the
youngest
children
in
the
class
were
45.attracted
by
the
story.They
46.listened
with
great
interest,and
then
__47__
joined
in
grand
conversations
about
Harry's
adventures.
47.A.suspectedly
B.anxiously
C.calmly
D.enthusiastically
[分析] 态度关联题。根据前文中的动词loved,were
attracted以及介词短语with
great
interest的提示可知,47题的感彩是积极向上的,所以47题选择enthusiastically“热情地”。
[答案核查]
44.B 47.D
3.利用逻辑关系解题
在句组层次题中,利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方
法。
(2020·高考全国卷Ⅲ节选)I
remember
the
first
really
__48__
customer
we
had
at
Covent
Garden.She
was
49.displeased
with
absolutely
everything,nothing
was
right
and
I
was
rather
50.surprised
that
she
became
a
“regular”...
48.A.generous
B.polite
C.careless
D.difficult
[分析] 逻辑关系题。根据下文“...absolutely
everything,nothing
was
right...”可知,此处举例说出作者曾经遇到过的一个难对付的(difficult)顾客。generous慷慨的;polite有礼貌的;careless粗心的。
4.利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次题中,有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文语境,即根据已知信息,推出正确答案。
(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ节选)...He
had
43.tried
to
coax(哄)the
dog
to
him
but,frightened,it
had
44.run__off.
Back
home,Ehlers
was
troubled
by
that
45.lost
dog.So,four
days
later,he
called
his
friend
Greg,and
the
two
drove
46.back.
After
a
long
and
careful
47.__search,Greg
saw,across
a
field,the
dog
moving
__48__
away.Ehlers
eventually
succeeded
in
coaxing
the
animal
to
him.Nervousness
and
fear
were
replaced
with
49.joy.It
just
started
licking(舔)Ehlers'
face.
48.A.cautiously
B.casually
C.skillfully
D.angrily
[分析] 本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据文中提到的frightened,nervousness,fear等词可知,那条狗受到惊吓,感到紧张不安和恐惧,因此当Greg看到它的时候,它正小心谨慎地移动。cautiously谨慎地,小心地。
三、坚持“一原则”,活用“三方法”,力争语篇层次题不丢分
[一原则]
不急于解答,读完全文后综合思考再做判定。语篇层次题的解答必须立足于整个语篇,因此在解题时对这类题目不能急于解答,要跨越段落,顺藤摸瓜,仔细比对,最终得出答案。具体来说,可以利用以下3种方法解答此类题目。
[三方法]
方法1 利用语义复现解题
在语篇层次题中,我们同样可以利用语义复现解题。
(2019·高考天津卷节选)I
was
ready
to
pay
for
my
bananas
at
the
grocery
one
night,when
fear
seized
me.My
wallet
was
gone.I
could
only
have
left
it
on
the
G9
bus,which
was
now
speeding
in
the
dark
to
some
16.unknown
station.
The
__17__
moment
was
quickly
followed
by
mental
math.How
much
time
and
money
would
it
cost
to
replace
the
18.contents
of
that
little
wallet?
17.A.face?saving
B.brain?washing
C.eye?catching
D.heart?stopping
[分析] 本题是典型的语篇层次题,只看题目所在的句子我们无法确定答案,此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。本题可以利用语义复现解题。由第一段中的fear
seized
me可以推知,作者在发现丢了钱包之后的第一感觉是“害怕”。之后,作者开始在内心计算找回钱包里的那些东西所需要的时间和钱数。故该空应和fear表达的意思相近或同义。heart?stopping
“令人心悸的”。
方法2 利用首尾呼应关系解题
完形填空在许多情况下不仅仅是在讲述一个故事,而是通过故事来升华主题,而升华的内容往往在文章结尾处,与首段内容形成首尾呼应关系。因此,我们做题不是只看到最后一空,而是看到最后一个词,而且要学会“回头看”(重点看首段)。不要过早地放松而忽略了首尾呼应关系,在最后一两道题上留下遗憾。
(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ节选)(Paras.1-2介绍乞力马扎罗山受到污染;Paras.3-4描述乞力马扎罗山环境污染得到大改观及其奇妙的生态系统)Does
Kilimanjaro
__60__
its
reputation
as
a
crowded
mountain
with
lines
of
tourists
ruining
the
atmosphere
of
peace?I
found
the
opposite
to
be
true.
60.A.enjoy
B.deserve
C.save
D.acquire
[分析] 本题可以采用首尾呼应关系法来解题。纵观全文,文章开头讲到有报道称乞力马扎罗山受到污染,作者提出了质疑,并发现其环境污染问题已经有了很大改观;随后作者以大段文字描述了乞力马扎罗山奇妙的生态系统,因此作者最后得出结论,乞力马扎罗山应该背负一座被游客毁掉了宁谧意境的拥挤之山的名声吗?答案是否定的。deserve
one's
reputation
意为“名不虚传,实至名归”。
方法3 利用文章发展脉络解题
做完形填空题时要合理想象,即合理思考和推理,但绝不能脑洞大开,甚至“胡思乱想”,必须“随文应变”,不可“一意孤行”,要随着文段的发展脉络来调整预测偏差。
(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ节选)(描述了乞力马扎罗山的四种不同的生态系统)...I
56.count
twelve
shades
of
green
from
where
I
stand.Above
4,000
meters
is
the
highland
57.desert:gravel(砾石),stones
and
rocks.__58__
you
climb
into
an
arctic?like
zone
with
59.permanent
snow
and
the
glaciers
that
may
soon
disappear...
58.A.Obviously
B.Easily
C.Consequently
D.Finally
[分析] 本段前面的内容已经描述了四种不同的生态系统,此处应该要达到了乞力马扎罗山的最高处了,“最终(finally)”登山者进入了一个类似北极的区域。(共117张PPT)
第三讲 完形填空解题文体突破
专题三
完形填空
(一)记叙文
(2020·山东淄博一中模拟)Earlier
that
evening,my
mother
called,telling
me
that
my
brother
died
in
a
car
crash.I
stumbled(跌跌撞撞地走)around
the
house
__1__
what
to
put
into
the
suitcases.My
husband,Larry,and
I
had
been
__2__
for
moving
to
New
Mexico.The
house
was
in(a)total
__3__.I
tried
to
hold
my
tears.I
aimlessly
picked
things
up
and
put
them
down.I
couldn't
__4__.
Larry
phoned
a
few
friends.__5__,someone
asked
to
speak
to
me.“If
there
is
anything
I
can
do,let
me
know.”
But
I
didn't
know
what
to
__6__.
The
doorbell
rang
and
I
rose
slowly
for
the
__7__.It
was
Donna.
“I've
come
to
__8__
your
shoes,”
she
said.__9__,I
asked
her
to
repeat.“When
my
father
died,it
took
me
hours
to
get
the
shoes
cleaned
and
__10__
for
my
father's
__11__,”
she
said.I
hadn't
even
thought
about
shoes.
Shoes
were
gathered.Donna
__12__
herself
on
the
floor
and
got
to
work.The
love
in
the
act
__13__
my
tears.Watching
her
__14__
on
one
task
helped
me
pull
my
__15__
into
order.Laundry
first,I
told
myself.One
by
one,the
jobs
fell
into
place.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文,文章主要讲述了作者在失去亲人后心理状态很不好,由于受到了别人的帮助而恢复了正常。
1.A.forgetting
B.imagining
C.wondering
D.searching
解析:根据空前的“I
stumbled(跌跌撞撞地走)”和下文中的“I
tried
to
hold
my
tears.”以及文章开头第一句话可推知,作者听到亲人去世的噩耗时,有些不知所措,虽然是在收拾行李,却不知道该把什么放进手提箱里。wonder“感到疑惑,想知道”。
答案:C
2.A.hoping
B.packing
C.leaving
D.planning
解析:根据本句中的for
moving
to
New
Mexico可推知,作者为搬家到新墨西哥州而打包(pack)。
答案:B
3.A.damage
B.failure
C.despair
D.mess
解析:根据上文可知,作者和丈夫一直在为搬家而收拾行李,由此可推知,当时作者的家里应该是很杂乱(mess)。
答案:D
4.A.hurry
B.decide
C.focus
D.move
解析:根据语境可知,作者当时的心理状态非常不好,不能集中精力做事情。focus“集中(注意力、精力等)于”,符合语境。
答案:C
5.A.Constantly
B.Luckily
C.Suddenly
D.Happily
解析:根据上句“Larry
phoned
a
few
friends.”可推知,作者的丈夫将作者失去弟弟的事情告诉了一些朋友,他们接着就不断地(constantly)打电话说愿意提供帮助。
答案:A
6.A.call
for
B.ask
for
C.talk
about
D.get
across
解析:根据语境可知,作者当时并不知道需要朋友们提供什么样的帮助。call
for“呼吁”;ask
for“要求,请求”;talk
about“谈论”;get
across“解释清楚”。
答案:B
7.A.telephone
B.noise
C.person
D.door
解析:根据本句中的“The
doorbell
rang”可知,作者站起来去应门(door)。
答案:D
8.A.borrow
B.remove
C.clean
D.repair
解析:根据下文中的to
get
the
shoes
cleaned可推知,Donna是来帮作者清理(clean)鞋的。
答案:C
9.A.Touched
B.Shocked
C.Confused
D.Amused
解析:根据本句中的“I
asked
her
to
repeat”可推知,作者当时对Donna说的来帮她清理鞋子感到困惑(confused)。touched“受感动的”;shocked“震惊的”;amused“逗乐的”。
答案:C
10.A.washed
B.coped
C.selected
D.shined
解析:根据“When
my
father
died”可推知,Donna应是说她为了参加父亲的葬礼(funeral)去清理鞋子并把它们擦亮(shined)。
答案:D
11.A.satisfaction
B.funeral
C.smiles
D.wishes
解析:参见第10题解析。
答案:B
12.A.laid
B.stood
C.rested
D.settled
解析:根据上句“Shoes
were
gathered.”和语境可推知,当鞋被聚集到一起之后,Donna在地板上找到舒适的位置(settled)开始清理鞋。
答案:D
13.A.released
B.held
C.stopped
D.caused
解析:根据上文中的“I
tried
to
hold
my
tears.”和语境可知,Donna用行动所展示的关爱让作者感动得流泪。release“释放”。
答案:A
14.A.keeping
B.concentrating
C.insisting
D.depending
解析:根据上文“Donna
__12__
herself
on
the
floor
and
got
to
work.”可知,当时Donna在专心地清理鞋。keep
on“继续,反复做”;concentrate
on“集中(注意力)于”;insist
on“坚持”;depend
on“依靠”。
答案:B
15.A.thoughts
B.rooms
C.sadness
D.luggage
解析:根据上文可知,作者当时因为亲人的突然离世而乱了思绪,而看到Donna专心地帮她清理鞋让她的思想(thoughts)恢复到了有序状态。
答案:A
(二)夹叙夹议文
(2020·滨州模拟)My
family
is
big
on
baseball.Grandpa
__1__
coached
his
team
to
two
national
games.Father
was
even
asked
to
try
out
for
the
Los
Angeles,one
of
the
top
teams
in
the
U.S.A.Minutes
before
I
was
born,my
__2__
were
watching
a
live
baseball
match
on
TV.You
could
say
I
was
__3__
to
play
the
game,but
frankly,I
hated
it
at
first.I
spent
most
days
at
the
baseball
park.I
really
should
have
been
__4__
at
baseball,for
I
practiced
almost
every
day,but
I
was
not.
The
same
old
routine
continued
for
years.My
dad
and
grandpa
would
make
me
practice
and
I
would
put
no
__5__
into
it,until
around
Grade
10.I
was
older
and
__6__
than
ever
before.I
finally
__7__
their
true
motivation:
they
wanted
to
__8__
time
with
me.They
were
just
trying
to
share
a
__9__
part
of
their
life
with
me
and
__10__
me
in
something
that
had
been
in
the
family
forever.__11__
I
got
this,I
stopped
treating
it
as
a
burden
and
__12__
it
as
a
bonding
experience.
Now,I
often
__13__
to
play
baseball
with
my
dad
or
grandpa.The
__14__
practices
and
tough
love
I
got
from
my
__15__
taught
me
a
useful
life
lesson:Find
out
why
someone
does
something
before
jumping
to
conclusions.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。尽管家人都喜欢棒球,但作者在小学期间非常讨厌它。随着时间的推移,作者意识到了家人强迫他一起打棒球的意义。
1.A.fairly
B.successfully
C.naturally
D.accidentally
解析:根据文章第一句“My
family
is
big
on
baseball.”可知,“我”的家人都喜欢棒球,并且后面几句都是在讲述作者的家人们在棒球方面取得的成就和对棒球的热爱。故选B项。fairly“相当地;公平地”;naturally“表现自然地;天生地”;accidentally“偶然地;意外地”。
答案:B
2.A.parents
B.coaches
C.doctors
D.neighbors
解析:根据本段主要是描述家人们对棒球的喜爱可知,此处应是描写作者的父母在作者出生前还在看棒球比赛。故A项符合语境。coach“教练”;doctor“医生”;neighbor“邻居”。
答案:A
3.A.ordered
B.prepared
C.honored
D.born
解析:根据上文中的“Minutes
before
I
was
born”可知,此处属于原词复现,be
born
to
do
sth.意为“天生适合做某事”。故选D项。order“命令;订购”;prepare“准备”;honor“尊重;给……荣誉”。
答案:D
4.A.amazed
B.disappointed
C.great
D.mad
解析:be
great
at
sth.意为“非常擅长某事”;结合上文语境,作者的家人都很擅长打棒球,那么作者作为家里的一员,且经常练习,也应该是擅长的。故选C项。amazed“感到惊奇的”;disappointed“失望的”;mad“疯狂的;恼火的”。
答案:C
5.A.effort
B.wealth
C.promise
D.trust
解析:句意:我的爸爸和爷爷总会让我练习打棒球,而我直到十年级左右才为之付出努力(effort)。根据上文内容可知,作者讨厌棒球,由此推知,他之前并未为此付出努力。故A项最符合语境。wealth“财富”;promise“承诺”;trust“信任”。
答案:A
6.A.calmer
B.smarter
C.happier
D.kinder
解析:根据下文内容可知,作者知道了爸爸和爷爷强迫自己打棒球的原因,说明自己变得比以前聪明了。calm“冷静的”;happy“开心的;高兴的;幸福的”;kind“友善的;宽容的”。
答案:B
7.A.searched
for
B.focused
on
C.benefited
from
D.figured
out
解析:此处表示“我终于明白了(figure
out)他们的真正动机”。从下文语境可知,作者已经知道爸爸和爷爷的真正意图。search
for“寻找;搜寻”;focus
on“集中(注意力、精力等)于”;benefit
from“得益于;从……中受益”。
答案:D
8.A.save
B.waste
C.spend
D.set
解析:句意:我终于明白了他们的真正动机:他们不是想要我提高(打棒球的水平),而是想花(spend)时间跟我在一起。save“节省;解救;储蓄”;waste“浪费”;set“放置”。
答案:C
9.A.normal
B.special
C.short
D.general
解析:此处表示“他们只是想和我分享他们生命中特别的(special)那一部分”。从上文可知,棒球对“我”的家人来说是非常重要的、特别的,所以尽管“我”不喜欢,爸爸和爷爷还是迫使“我”练习。normal“正常的”;short“短的”;general“一般的;普通的;大体的”。
答案:B
10.A.include
B.spoil
C.test
D.judge
解析:从上文可知,棒球是全家都喜欢的运动,家人们也想让“我”参与其中。spoil“溺爱;宠坏”;test“测试;检验”;judge“判断;断定”。
答案:A
11.A.Before
B.Although
C.Unless
D.Once
解析:根据上文可知,作者理解了家人的目的,再结合语境及选项可推知,此处应用once。before“在……之前”;although“尽管”;unless“除非”。
答案:D
12.A.expected
B.described
C.treasured
D.reported
解析:结合文章内容可知,作者对待棒球的态度有了改变,不是讨厌而应是珍惜了。expect“期望;预料;猜想”;describe“描述;叙述”;report“报告”。
答案:C
13.A.fail
B.offer
C.forget
D.hesitate
解析:句意:现在我经常主动(offer)和爸爸或爷爷一起打棒球。结合上文可知,原来作者被强迫打球,而现在有所不同了,与上文形成对比。fail“失败;不及格”;forget“忘记”;hesitate“犹豫;踌躇”。
答案:B
14.A.forced
B.regrettable
C.disturbed
D.endless
解析:文章中多次提及作者不是自愿去练习打棒球,故根据语境并结合选项可推知,此处应选forced。regrettable“可惜的;令人遗憾的”;disturbed“烦恼的;不安的”;endless“无止境的;无穷无尽的”。
答案:A
15.A.team
B.school
C.neighborhood
D.family
解析:由上文内容可知,作者全篇内容都是关于家人的。team“团队”;school“学校”;neighborhood“社区;四邻”。
答案:D
(三)说明文和议论文
(2020·烟台一中模拟)What
I
have
learned
with
my
three
teens
is
this:when
they
are
testing
me
and
pushing
the
limits
in
a
way
that
feels
more
aggressive,this
is
when
they
need
extra
love
and
__1__.
When
our
kids
are
young
and
aren't
able
to
__2__
how
they
are
feeling,they
typically
behave
in
a
way
that
makes
it
obvious
that
they
are
sad
or
__3__.We
parents
try
__4__
to
help
them
feel
better.
As
they
get
__5__
and
are
able
to
talk
and
communicate,I
think
we
raise
our
expectations
a
little
bit
too
__6__—Although
they
can
communicate
and
let
us
__7__
whether
something
is
wrong,it
doesn't
mean
they
will.
Not
because
they
don't
always
want
to,__8__
teenagers
seem
to
think
they
can
__9__
it
on
their
own;they
think
their
__10__
won't
understand,or
they
are
too
embarrassed
to
come
to
us
with
their
__11__
or
talk
about
certain
situations.
Teens,like
all
of
us
are
looking
for
bonding,so
make
sure
we
are
__12__
time
with
them.If
connecting
with
your
teen
by
text
messages
feels
easier,then
start
there,but
don't
__13__
there.Put
down
your
__14__
and
look
at
your
teen
in
the
eyes
to
communicate,and
__15__
will
take
you
and
your
teen's
relationship
to
another
level.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。当孩子小的时候,他们不能向父母表达自己的感受,就会通过明显的方式来表达自己的难过或不舒服;当他们长大时,他们又不愿意表达他们的感受。因此,父母要关注孩子的成长,及时有效地和孩子沟通。
1.A.complaint
B.punishment
C.praise
D.attention
解析:根据语境和前面的“when
they
need
extra
love
and”可知,此处表示当他们需要额外的爱和关注时。
答案:D
2.A.sing
B.explore
C.communicate
D.build
解析:根据语境可知,当孩子小的时候,他们不能表达自己的感受。communicate“传达,传递”。
答案:C
3.A.uncomfortable
B.delighted
C.excited
D.energetic
解析:根据空前的sad
or可判断所填内容为不好的方面。
答案:A
4.A.something
B.everything
C.nothing
D.anything
解析:我们父母尽一切可能去帮助他们感觉好些。
答案:B
5.A.smaller
B.stronger
C.older
D.younger
解析:根据后面的“are
able
to
talk
and
communicate”可推知,当他们年龄大一点时,他们能说出和交流。
答案:C
6.A.high
B.low
C.fast
D.slow
解析:根据前面的“we
raise
our
expectations”并结合语境可知,此处表示我们把期望提得有点过高。
答案:A
7.A.ask
B.say
C.debate
D.know
解析:根据语境可知,他们能说出和交流,能让我们知道是否出了什么问题。
答案:D
8.A.because
B.since
C.though
D.but
解析:根据上文“Not
because
they
don't
always
want
to”和空后的“teenagers
seem
to
think
they
can
__9__
it
on
their
own”可知,空处表转折,此处表示并不是因为他们不想,而是青少年认为他们能自己应付(handle)它。
答案:D
9.A.handle
B.hide
C.present
D.expose
解析:参见上题解析。
答案:A
10.A.friends
B.parents
C.teachers
D.teammates
解析:根据语境可知,他们认为他们的父母不会理解。
答案:B
11.A.worries
B.possibilities
C.explanations
D.assumptions
解析:根据该句中的“they
are
too
embarrassed
to
come
to
us
with
their
__11__”可知,他们太尴尬不愿带着担忧找父母。
答案:A
12.A.wasting
B.killing
C.spending
D.losing
解析:根据该句中的“we
are
__12__
time
with
them”可知,此处表示确保花费时间和他们在一起。
答案:C
13.A.stand
B.hang
C.leave
D.stop
解析:根据该句“If
connecting
with
your
teen...don't
__13__
there.”可知,如果用手机信息和你的孩子沟通感觉更简单,就从那儿开始,但不能停留在手机交流上。
答案:D
14.A.magazines
B.newspapers
C.books
D.phones
解析:根据上文用手机短信和孩子沟通可知,此处表示放下你的手机,看着孩子的眼睛进行沟通。
答案:D
15.A.connections
B.adjustment
C.service
D.disappointment
解析:根据后面的“take
you
and
your
teen's
relationship
to
another
level”可知,联系能让你和孩子的关系更进一层。
答案:A
完形填空
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
[刷题组·题型突破]________________即时演练__巩固复习成果
A
(2020·临沂模拟)Whenever
I
had
nothing
to
do,a
familiar
depression
would
climb
on
my
back.I'd
been
this
way
for
months.So
I
went
to
my
friend
for
__1__,who
lived
on
the
top
of
a
steep
hill.
My
friend
wasn't
in.The
fog
was
rolling
in.So
I
was
__2__
outside
her
house
waiting.Suddenly
I
saw
a
__3__
dashing
out
of
the
house
next
door,__4__,“Help!Finger.Cut.”
I
dialed
911
immediately.While
waiting
for
the
__5__,
I
noticed
he
hadn't
taken
his
cut
finger
and
asked:
“Where
is
it?”
Frozen
for
a
while,he
said
with
__6__,“Maybe
upstairs.”
Having
searched
carefully,I
__7__
it
lying
beside
a
table
saw
on
the
floor.After
getting
outside,I
__8__
the
man,“Hang
tight!The
ambulance
is
on
its
way.”
__9__,the
ambulance
arrived.I
handed
the
finger
to
the
nurse
and
they
__10__
away.Suddenly
I
felt
__11__
helping
someone
in
need,even
if
pushing
three
buttons
on
a
__12__
was
all
I
did.I
would
__13__
doing
it.
Then,I
realized
I
had
completely
forgotten
to
be
__14__
as
I'd
been
busy
playing
the
role
of
local
hero.I
wished
I
could
see
him
again
to
__15__
him,because
when
he
lost
his
finger
he
saved
my
life.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在心情沮丧、情绪低落时,到朋友那里去寻求帮助时发生的一次意外事件使他认识到:帮助他人能够改变自己的心情,使自己更加积极地面对人生。
1.A.information
B.convenience
C.strength
D.help
解析:根据上文中的“Whenever
I
had
nothing
to
do,a
familiar
depression
would
climb
on
my
back.I'd
been
this
way
for
months.”可知,作者心情抑郁已有数月,所以去朋友家寻求帮助。help“帮助”,符合语境。information“信息”;convenience“方便”;strength“力量”。
答案:D
2.A.found
B.stuck
C.struck
D.hurt
解析:根据上文中的“My
friend
wasn't
in.”可知,作者的朋友不在家;再根据第一段中的“my
friend...who
lived
on
the
top
of
a
steep
hill”可知,这里是指作者被阻在屋外等候朋友。stick“困住”,符合语境。find“发现”;strike“打击”;hurt“伤害”。
答案:B
3.A.figure
B.nurse
C.woman
D.friend
解析:由上文语境可知,因为雾很大,所以作者看不清楚对方是谁,应该只是看到一个人影。figure“人影,身影”,符合语境。nurse“护士”;woman“女士”;friend“朋友”。
答案:A
4.A.whispering
B.cheering
C.crying
D.saying
解析:根据语境可知,这个人手指断了,很着急,所以应该是哭喊着向作者求助。cry“喊叫”,符合语境。whisper“低语”;cheer“欢呼”;say“说话”。
答案:C
5.A.taxi
B.ambulance
C.vehicle
D.car
解析:根据上文中的“I
dialed
911
immediately.”和下文中的“The
ambulance
is
on
its
way.”可知,此时作者和伤者是在等候救护车。ambulance“救护车”,符合语境。taxi“出租车”;vehicle“车辆”;car“汽车”。
答案:B
6.A.patience
B.interest
C.uncertainty
D.guilt
解析:根据下文中的“Maybe
upstairs.”可知,那位受伤的人并不确定自己的断指在哪儿。uncertainty“迟疑;无把握”,符合语境。patience“耐心”;interest“兴趣”;guilt“愧疚”。
答案:C
7.A.recognized
B.spotted
C.accepted
D.realized
解析:根据下文中的“I
handed
the
finger
to
the
nurse
and
they
__10__
away.”可知,作者找到了断指。spot“发现”,符合语境。recognize“辨认出”;accept“接受”;realize“意识到”。
答案:B
8.A.comforted
B.treated
C.assisted
D.protected
解析:根据空后的“Hang
tight!The
ambulance
is
on
its
way.”可知,作者是在安慰那个人。comfort“安慰”,符合语境。treat“对待;治疗”;assist“帮助”;protect“保护”。
答案:A
9.A.Eventually
B.Consequently
C.Initially
D.Temporarily
解析:根据下文中的“I
handed
the
finger
to
the
nurse”可知,最后救护车到了。eventually“最终”,符合语境。consequently“因此”;initially“起初”;temporarily“暂时地”。
答案:A
10.A.wandered
B.walked
C.drove
D.dragged
解析:根据语境可知,护士拿到断指后,救护车开走了。drive“开车”,符合语境。wander“徘徊”;walk“散步”;drag“拖;硬拽”。
答案:C
11.A.angry
B.strange
C.good
D.upset
解析:根据语境可知,作者感觉帮助有需要的人很好。good“好的”,符合语境。angry“生气的”;strange“奇怪的”;upset“不快的;烦恼的”。
答案:C
12.A.door
B.phone
C.watch
D.television
解析:根据上文中的“I
dialed
911
immediately.”可知,这里指在电话上按下(911)三个数字。phone“电话”,符合语境。
答案:B
13.A.keep
on
B.depend
on
C.set
about
D.give
up
解析:根据下文中的“I'd
been
busy
playing
the
role
of
local
hero”可知,作者一直在坚持做善事。keep
on“坚持”,符合语境。depend
on“依靠”;set
about“着手做”;give
up“放弃”。
答案:A
14.A.excited
B.confused
C.depressed
D.shocked
解析:根据文章第一段第一句中的a
familiar
depression和空前的forgotten及空后的“I'd
been
busy
playing
the
role
of
local
hero”可知,作者忙于做善事,完全忘记了抑郁。depressed“沮丧的”,符合语境。excited“兴奋的;激动的”;confused“困惑的”;shocked“惊讶的”。
答案:C
15.A.help
B.congratulate
C.greet
D.thank
解析:根据下文可知,帮朋友的邻居这件事治好了作者的抑郁,所以作者想感谢他。thank“感谢”,符合语境。help“帮助”;congratulate“祝贺”;greet“问候”。
答案:D
B
(2020·泰安一中考前演练)I
had
a
perfect
childhood.__1__
I
saw
was
new,wonderful
and
exciting.I
was
__2__
whether
it
was
rainy
or
dry,whether
it
was
hot
or
__3__.I
just
wanted
to
__4__
all
the
things
around
me.
But
I
can't
__5__
time.When
I
reached
my
teens,I
started
to
realize
there
was
a
different
__6__
of
life.I
no
longer
had
enough
time
for
little
things—discovering
a
rainbow
was
not
__7__,looking
at
a
giraffe
in
the
zoo
was
normal,and
__8__
a
building
with
50
floors
was
not
amazing.A
rainy
day
was
a
__9__
day
because
the
traffic
was
slow,and
the
first
day
of
spring
__10__
me
of
allergies(过敏).Life
moves
on
again.The
first
day
of
the
month
is
not
just
the
__11__
of
a
new
month;it's
the
time
to
__12__
bills.Going
to
the
supermarket
is
a
__13__;it
is
not
just
fun
walking
around,looking
for
things
and
seeing
the
people
around
me.
Life
is
a
__14__
in
which
everyone
has
many
obligations(责任),but
if
everyone
tried
to
see
life
through
the
eyes
of
a
child,I
am
sure
that
every
day
could
be
__15__.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者拥有一个无忧无虑的童年,但是随着时间的流逝,处于青春期的他再也找不到儿时的乐趣,同时生活的责任越来越大。作者建议人们从孩童的角度去看待生活,使生活变得更加美好。
1.A.Everything
B.Something
C.Anyone
D.None
解析:根据空前一句中的a
perfect
childhood可知,作者有一个完美的童年,所以所看到的一切都是新的、精彩的、令人激动的。everything“一切;所有事物”,符合语境。故选A项。something“某物”;anyone“任何人”;none“全无”。
答案:A
2.A.anxious
B.grateful
C.confident
D.happy
解析:根据第二句中的new,wonderful及exciting可知,作者一直都很快乐。happy“快乐的”,符合语境。故选D项。anxious“焦虑的”;grateful“感激的”;confident“自信的”。
答案:D
3.A.warm
B.cold
C.windy
D.snowy
解析:根据空前的rainy
or
dry可知,or前后为反义词,hot的反义词为cold。故选B项。warm“温暖的”;windy“多风的”;snowy“多雪的”。
答案:B
4.A.confirm
B.introduce
C.discover
D.possess
解析:根据上文中的“...I
saw
was
new...”可知,作者对一切都感到新奇,总是想发现周围的一切事物。discover“发现”,符合语境。故选C项。confirm“确认;证实”;introduce“引进;介绍”;possess“拥有;具有”。
答案:C
5.A.save
B.record
C.tell
D.stop
解析:根据下一句中的“When
I
reached
my
teens”可知,此处表达作者无法让时间停止。stop“(使)停止;阻止”,符合语境。故选D项。save“拯救;节省”;record“记录”;tell“告诉;辨别”。
答案:D
6.A.way
B.choice
C.side
D.version
解析:根据下文中的“discovering
a
rainbow
was
not...a
building
with
50
floors
was
not
amazing”可知,儿童时期的新鲜感和新奇感消失了,取而代之的是生活的烦恼,也就是说,作者开始意识到生活还有另外一面。side“方面”,符合语境。故选C项。way“方法;方式”;choice“选择”;version“版本”。
答案:C
7.A.challenging
B.disturbing
C.boring
D.surprising
解析:根据上文中的“I
started
to
realize
there
was
a
different
__6__
of
life”可知,作者步入青少年后发现生活还有另一面,所以发现彩虹也不再感到吃惊。surprising“令人吃惊的”,符合语境。故选D项。challenging“富于挑战性的”;disturbing“使人震惊的;令人不安的”;boring“无聊的;令人厌烦的”。
答案:D
8.A.painting
B.seeing
C.purchasing
D.sharing
解析:discovering与looking
at和此空并列,都表达“看”的动作。see“看到”,符合语境。故选B项。paint“涂;画”;purchase
“购买”;share“分享”。
答案:B
9.A.bad
B.specific
C.favorite
D.wonderful
解析:根据rainy和空后的the
traffic
was
slow可知,下雨天是糟糕的一天。bad符合语境,故选A项。specific“特定的;具体的;明确的”;favorite“最喜欢的”;wonderful“令人惊叹的”。
答案:A
10.A.informed
B.reminded
C.persuaded
D.freed
解析:句意:……春天的第一天会让我想到过敏。inform
sb.of
sth.“通知某人某事”;remind
sb.of
sth.“使某人想起某事”;persuade
sb.of
sth.“使某人相信某事”;free
sb.of
sth.“使某人摆脱某事”。故选B项。
答案:B
11.A.breakthrough
B.preparation
C.beginning
D.function
解析:根据“The
first
day
of
the
month”可知,这是一个月的开始。beginning“开始”,符合语境。故选C项。breakthrough“突破”;preparation“准备”;function“功能”。
答案:C
12.A.show
off
B.send
out
C.add
to
D.think
about
解析:由常识可知,月初要考虑交各种生活费用。think
about“考虑”,符合语境。故选D项。show
off“炫耀”;send
out“发出;派出”;add
to“增加,增添”。
答案:D
13.A.trend
B.duty
C.burden
D.rule
解析:句意:去超市成为一种职责,不再是快乐的散步、寻找东西、看周围的人。设空处与下文中的obligations相对应,duty“职责,责任”,符合语境。故选B项。trend“趋势”;burden“负担”;rule“规定;规则”。
答案:B
14.A.process
B.reward
C.lesson
D.skill
解析:句意:生活是一个每个人都有很多责任的过程……。process“过程”,符合语境。故选A项。reward“奖赏;报酬”;lesson“课程;教训”;skill“技巧;技能”。
答案:A
15.A.worse
B.shorter
C.better
D.slower
解析:根据空前的“if
everyone
tried
to
see
life
through
the
eyes
of
a
child”以及文章首句中的perfect
childhood可知,儿童时期的孩子只看到了生活中的快乐,如果每个人都尽力以孩子的眼光来看待生活,每一天应该会更好。better“更好的”,符合语境。故选C项。worse“更糟的”;shorter“更短的”;slower“更慢的”。
答案:C
C
(2020·济南模拟)Paintings
and
sculptures
can
be
a(n)
__1__
for
the
eyes
of
visitors
to
art
museums,but
today
they
are
also
considered
to
be
an
unconventional
__2__
for
people
with
mental
illness.
Last
month,a
group
of
Canadian
doctors
started
to
write
a
brand?new
kind
of
prescription(处方)which
gives
patients
free
__3__
to
the
Montreal
Museum
of
Fine
Arts.There,they
will
have
a
relaxing
experience,enjoying
the
museum's
collections.
Nathalie
Bondil,a
museum's
general
director,__4__
that
being
in
contact
with
culture
and
arts
can
help
with
__5__.Each
prescription
will
allow
not
only
the
__6__
to
go
into
the
art
museums
but
also
their
families
or
friends
to
__7__
them.In
the
museum,visitors
can
__8__
the
artworks,and
take
part
in
a
wide
range
of
activities.
There's
increasing
evidence
that
the
works
of
art,__9__
the
works
of
art
describing
nature,can
have
__10__
effects
on
people
with
fear,depression
and
__11__.
In
2017,the
U.K.'s
All
Party
Parliamentary
Group
on
Arts,Health
and
Well?being
also
released
a
report
stating
that
“it's
time
to
__12__
the
powerful
contributions
the
arts
can
make
to
our
health”.Is
it
possible
for
art
to
help
overall
health?We
may
not
know
the
answer
yet.Only
time
can
__13__.But
one
thing
is
__14__,that
is,more
and
more
people
today
are
__15__
of
the
idea
that
“art
is
good
medicine”.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。如今,艺术被认为是一种非常规疗法,可以用来治愈患有精神疾病的病人。同时,也有证据表明艺术作品可以帮助缓解人们的害怕、抑郁和焦虑等情绪。虽然尚无定论,但越来越多的人确信“艺术是良药”。
1.A.support
B.feast
C.game
D.honor
解析:根据该句中的for
the
eyes
of
visitors可知,观看绘画和雕塑对于艺术博物馆的参观者来讲是一场视觉盛宴。feast“盛会;特别的享受”,符合语境。support“支持”;game“游戏;体育活动”;honor“荣幸;光荣”。故选B项。
答案:B
2.A.custom
B.case
C.cure
D.situation
解析:根据设空处后的for
people
with
mental
illness以及第二段中“...a
group
of
Canadian
doctors
started
to
write
a
brand?new
kind
of
prescription...”可知,绘画和雕塑现在也被认为是治愈患有精神疾病的人的一种非常规疗法。cure“治疗;疗法”,符合语境。custom“习惯;风俗”;case“状况;实例”;situation“情况;形势;局面”。故选C项。
答案:C
3.A.access
B.introduction
C.solution
D.approach
解析:根据下一句“There,they
will...enjoying
the
museum's
collections.”可知,加拿大医生开的一种新处方可以使病人免费进入蒙特利尔美术馆。access“进入;进入权;使用权”,符合语境。introduction“介绍;引进”;solution“解决;解决办法”;approach“方法;靠近”。故选A项。
答案:A
4.A.complains
B.believes
C.imagines
D.recalls
解析:设空处后that引导的宾语从句为Bondil的观点。believe“相信”,符合语境。complain“抱怨;发牢骚”;imagine“想象;猜想”;recall“回想;回忆起”。故选B项。
答案:B
5.A.income
B.education
C.wealth
D.health
解析:根据第一段中“__2__
for
people
with
mental
illness”可知,Bondil认为接触文化和艺术作品对健康有帮助。health“健康”,符合语境。income“收入;收益”;education“教育”;wealth“财富”。
答案:D
6.A.customers
B.doctors
C.patients
D.players
解析:根据第一段中的for
people
with
mental
illness及第二段第一句中的patients可知,每一个处方将允许病人进入美术馆。patient“病人”,符合语境。customer“顾客”;doctor“医生;博士”;player“运动员;参与者”。故选C项。
答案:C
7.A.accompany
B.find
C.control
D.observe
解析:根据该句中的“allow
not
only...but
also...”可知,处方不仅允许病人进入美术馆,还允许病人的家人或朋友陪伴他们一同进入。accompany“陪伴;陪同”,符合语境。find“发现;找到”;control“控制;掌握;管制”;observe“观察”。
答案:A
8.A.adopt
B.adjust
C.acquire
D.appreciate
解析:根据该句“...visitors
can
__8__
the
artworks,and
take
part
in
a
wide
range
of
activities”可知,参观者可以在美术馆欣赏艺术作品。appreciate“欣赏;感激;理解”,符合语境。adopt“收养;采用;采纳”;adjust“调整;调节;适应”;acquire“获得,取得;购得”。
答案:D
9.A.except
B.besides
C.especially
D.additionally
解析:设空处后的the
works
of
art
describing
nature是对设空处前的the
works
of
art更具体的表述。especially“尤其;特别是”,符合语境。except“除……之外(不包括本身在内)”;besides“除……之外(还有)”;additionally“此外;另外”。
答案:C
10.A.unclear
B.controversial
C.negative
D.positive
解析:根据上文可知,欣赏艺术作品对健康有益,也就是有积极影响。positive“积极的;好的”,符合语境。unclear“不清楚的”;controversial“有争议的”;negative“消极的;负面的”。
答案:D
11.A.delight
B.anxiety
C.expectation
D.desire
解析:根据设空处前的“people
with
fear,depression”可知,此处应选择与fear和depression同类的词。anxiety“焦虑;忧虑”,符合语境。delight“高兴;愉快”;expectation“期盼;期望”;desire“欲望;渴望”。故选B项。
答案:B
12.A.recognize
B.forget
C.repeat
D.miss
解析:根据设空处后的“the
powerful
contributions”以及文中多处提及艺术对健康有益可知,此处指是时候承认艺术对健康的巨大贡献了。recognize“认可;承认”,符合语境。forget“忘记”;repeat“重复”;miss“想念;错过”。故选A项。
答案:A
13.A.speak
B.say
C.tell
D.record
解析:根据上文内容可知,艺术是否对整体健康有益,对此尚无定论,故此处指“只有时间能说明一切”。tell“知道;辨别”,符合语境。speak“说话;说某种语言”;say“说(多接说话的内容)”;record“记录”。故选C项。
答案:C
14.A.unique
B.certain
C.disturbing
D.regular
解析:根据该句中的but可知,此处与上文中的“We
may
not
know...Only
time...”形成转折,即有一件事情是确定的。certain“确定的,毫无疑问的”,符合语境。unique“独特的”;disturbing“令人不安的”;regular“定期的;有规律的”。
答案:B
15.A.convinced
B.warned
C.reminded
D.rid
解析:文章第一段引出话题,指出艺术作品不仅可供欣赏,还对患精神疾病的人有治疗效果,下文围绕这一主旨展开,最后一段点明主题:现在越来越多的人确信“艺术是良药”。convince“使确信;使信服”,be
convinced
of为固定搭配,意为“确信”。warn“警告;提醒”;remind“提醒;使想起”;rid“使摆脱”。故选A项。
答案:A(共13张PPT)
专题三
完形填空
[把脉考情]——明考向,知规律
年份
卷别
语篇类型
主题语境
句数
实词
动词短语
介词(短语)
连词
2020
新高考全国卷Ⅰ
记叙文
人与自然——为保护动植物而种树
15
14
1
山东模考卷
记叙文
人与自我——在树上的生活
15
10
2
1
2
从表中我们可以看出以下特点:
一、体裁题材
完形填空的体裁主要以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主,主题语境包括人与自我、人与社会及人与自然,选材都是积极向上、充满正能量的文章,倡导至真至善至美的价值观。
二、考查重点
高考完形填空着重考查语义关系和逻辑关系,主要测试考生是否能在掌握、理解文章主旨大意和句、段间内在联系的基础上,准确判断和选择符合上下文语义和用法的动词、名词、形容词、副词或短语。
三、选项设置
从以上统计可以看出,高考完形填空在14、15句左右,一般说来;每句设置一个空格。高考完形填空重在考查名词、动词、形容词和副词等4大实词。选项设置也不强求完全一致,如四个选项中,单词和短语共存。
四、设空分类
高考完形填空的设空可分为三类:前制性设空;后制性设空;语篇性设空。一般而言,前制性设空难度低,后制性设空难度较高,语篇性设空难度最大。从高考试题看,语篇层次设空的比例有所增加,反映出“突出语篇”的命题思路。
第一讲 完形填空素养必备
/宏观把握文体特征
做完形填空题,最大的禁忌就是急于求成、贸然行动,不置于语篇大环境下而是凭主观臆断,造成“只见树木,不见森林”的片面性错误。考生熟知各种文体特点,有利于从整体上把脉文章的篇章逻辑和组织方式,为更好地理解文章大意打下良好的基础。
?(一)常考文体——记叙文
完形填空的文章体裁以记叙文为主,常见的故事基本上可分为餐厅故事、师生关系、家庭生活和个人奋斗等类型。从叙事方式来看,故事内容基本都遵循“起—承—转—合”的常见记叙文写作思路。从正负态度来解释,则可分为两种模式:一种为“负—正”,即故事开始就是“坏事”,后来转变为“好事”;另一种是“正—负—正”,即文章开始平静祥和,中间经历挫折、困难,最终迎来光明美好的结局。两种模式的共同点在于,无论故事如何开篇,过程都会经历曲折,结尾必然收获美好、充满希望。
总之,完形填空的选材基本都是积极向上、引人向善的文章。了解这些有助于考生理解文章内容、把握主人公情感走向,进而帮助解题。
?(二)常考文体——夹叙夹议文
夹叙夹议类的文章通常是采用叙议结合的写作方法,文章先进行叙述,然后再在段落的结尾或文章的末尾展开议论,说明故事所包含的哲理或总结出作者的观点。阅读此类文章时,考生要重点关注议论的部分,从而总结出文章的主旨。
?(三)时考文体——议论文
议论文是一种“剖析事物、论述事理、提出主张或发表见解”的说理性文章。议论文三要素是论点(作者的观点,也就是被证明的对象)、论据(用来证明论点的依据,是说明论点的理由和材料)和论证(运用论据证明论点的过程与方法)。高考议论型短文分为两种:一种是夹叙夹议型短文;另一种是纯议论型短文。第一种的基本模式是:叙述事件—抒发感悟—作出结论。第二种的基本模式是:提出问题—分析问题—解决问题。
?(四)时考文体——说明文
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式,用来说明事物、阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性,给人准确的科学知识或传递某种思想。其基本模式是:观点—说明—总结。