中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
简单句及特殊句型专项练习
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.[2020·铜仁]—Are
there
any
notebooks
on
COVID-19
(新型冠状病毒肺炎)
in
your
school?
— .
They
tell
us
how
to
protect
ourselves
in
this
big
event.?
A.Yes,
they
are
B.Yes,
there
are
C.Yes,
there
is
D.Yes,
it
is
2.[2020·云南]There
a
basketball
game
next
Monday.
If
it ,
we’ll
have
to
put
it
off.?
A.is
going
to
have;
will
rain
B.is
going
to
have;
rains
C.is
going
to
be;
rains
D.is
going
to
be;
will
rain
3.[2020·达州]—
is
your
school
from
your
home,
Gina??
—Only
ten
minutes’
walk.
A.How
long
B.How
far
C.How
many
D.How
soon
4.[2020·黔南州]—It’s
Father’s
Day,
??
—Yes.
Let’s
buy
a
gift
for
Dad.
He
works
very
hard
for
us.
A.isn’t
it
B.doesn’t
it
C.isn’t
he
D.doesn’t
he
5.[2020·营口]—
the
dishes
after
dinner,
Tony.?
—No
problem,
Mom.
A.Washing
B.Washes
C.To
wash
D.Wash
6.[2020·遂宁]—
do
you
visit
your
grandmother
in
the
countryside??
—Once
a
month.
A.How
far
B.How
long
C.How
soon
D.How
often
7.[2020·达州]—It
was
the
Dragon
Boat
Festival
last
Sunday.
I
drove
to
the
Lianhua
Lake
to
watch
the
boat
races.
How
exciting!
— ,
but
I
didn’t
see
you
there.?
A.So
I
did
B.So
did
I
C.So
do
I
D.Neither
did
I
8.[2020·黔南州]—Mike,
will
the
new
science
museum
be
built??
—It
will
be
built
in
the
center
of
the
city.
A.when
B.where
C.what
D.why
9.[2020·宜昌]—
did
the
rules
about
keeping
civilized
dogs(文明养狗)come
out
in
Yichang??
—I’m
not
sure
about
the
exact
date
but
I
totally
agree.
A.Why
B.When
C.Who
D.What
10.[2020·遂宁]—
hot
weather
it
is!
Why
not
have
a
cold
drink??
—Sounds
good!
Let’s
go.
A.What
B.What
a
C.How
D.How
a
11.[2020·凉山州]When
I
want
to
go
out
to
play
with
my
friends,
my
mother
always
says,“ at
home.
Don’t
waste
your
time.”?
A.Stay
B.Stays
C.To
stay
D.Staying
12.[2020·武威]—
have
you
kept
this
book??
—For
two
months.
A.How
soon
B.How
old
C.How
long
D.How
often
13.[2020·遂宁]Tom
hardly
eats
breakfast,
??
A.isn’t
he
B.is
he
C.doesn’t
he
D.does
he
14.[2020·营口]—
special
class
we
had
today!
We
have
learned
about
Chinese
kung
fu.?
—That
sounds
really
interesting.
A.How
B.How
a
C.What
D.What
a
15.[2020·鄂州]—She’s
never
heard
of
Abing,
she??
— .
She
said
that
his
piece,
Erquan
Yingyue
was
her
favorite
music.?
A.is;
Yes,
she
is
B.has;
Yes,
she
has
C.hasn’t;
No,
she
hasn’t
D.isn’t;
No,
she
isn’t
16.[2020·黔东南州]—The
Chinese
government
has
successfully
stopped
the
virus
from
spreading
in
China.
—
proud
we
Chinese
feel!?
A.How
B.How
a
C.What
D.What
a
17.[2020·丹东]— !
I’m
sure
he
does
quite
well
in
English.?
—You’re
right.
He
got
a
very
good
prize
in
the
English
competition
last
year.
A.What
an
excellent
chess
player
B.How
high
that
boy
is
jumping
C.What
an
exciting
magician
D.How
beautifully
that
boy
speaks
English
18.[2020·滨州]—The
little
boy
is
only
three
years
old,
but
he
can
memorize
about
50
poems.
—
talented
boy
he
is!?
A.How
B.How
a
C.What
a
D.What
19.[2020·连云港]—
is
Ricky
like??
—He’s
humorous.
He
often
tells
us
funny
jokes.
A.How
B.What
C.Which
D.Who
20.[2020·天水]—
the
population
of
Tianshui??
—It’s
about
3.6
million.
A.How
many
B.How
much
C.What
is
D.Which
is
21.[2020·上海]—Tom,
here
to
carry
the
luggage
upstairs
for
me,
will
you?
?
—All
right.
A.come
B.came
C.coming
D.to
come
22.[2020·上海]—
is
in
charge
of
the
summer
concert??
—Jessie.
She
has
a
lot
of
experience.
A.Where
B.Why
C.What
D.Who
23.[2020·天门]—
do
you
go
to
the
library??
—Twice
a
week.
A.How
soon
B.How
long
C.How
often
D.How
far
24.[2020·抚顺]—Look!
The
children
are
playing
in
the
swimming
pool.
—
great
fun
they
are
having!
?
A.What
B.How
C.What
a
D.How
a
25.[2020·绥化]—
do
the
students
in
the
village
go
to
school??
—On
a
ropeway.
A.How
B.When
C.Where
D.What
Ⅱ.指出下列句子画线部分是什么句子成分,
从A、
B
、C、
D中选出正确选项。
1.
(2020·内江)I
visited
the
zoo
last
Sunday.
A.
主语
B.
谓语
C.
状语
D.
宾语
2.
(2020·内江)The
food
in
the
restaurant
is
delicious.
A.
表语
B.
宾语
C.
主语
D.
谓语
3.
(2020·内江)The
quiet
music
makes
me
relax.
A.
宾语
B.
状语
C.
宾语补足语
D.
定语
4.
(2019·内江)It
is
our
duty
to
protect
the
environment.
?
A.
直接宾语
B.
间接宾语
C.
形式主语
D.
真正主语
5.
(2020·内江)I
bought
my
mother
some
flowers
on
Mother’s
Day.
?
A.
直接宾语
B.
间接宾语
C.
表语
D.
状语
答案
Ⅰ.
1-5
BCBAD
6-10
DBBBA
11-15
ACDDB
16-20
ADCBC
21-25
ADCAA
Ⅱ.1-5
BACDB
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易错点归纳与突破
--简单句及特殊句型
2021中考英语
构成
示例
主语＋不及物动词(S
＋
VI)
You
can't
draw
on
the
wall.
主语＋及物动词＋宾语(S
＋
VT
＋
O)
They
speak
English
very
well.
主语＋连系动词＋表语(主语补足语)(S
＋
V
＋
P/SC)
My
mother
is
a
teacher.
主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S
＋
VT
＋
IO
＋
DO)
He
asked
me
a
question.
主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S
＋
VI.＋
O
＋
OC)
I
found
the
story
interesting.
简单句是指只包含一个主谓结构的句子，按照句子的用途可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。简单句的基本句型为：
疑问句的用法
易错点一：
(2020北京)— ????
do
you
visit
your
grandparents,
Tom?
—Twice
a
month.
A.How
much B.How
often
C.How
long D.How
soon
【详解】答案????B 句意:——汤姆,你多久去看望一次你的爷爷奶奶?——一个月两次。此题考查疑问副词词组的用法。根据答语可知是对频率进行提问。因此选B。
(2020福建)— ????
is
it
since
the
Communist
Party
of
China
(中国共产党)
was
founded?
—Ninety-nine
years.
It's
her
100th
birthday
next
year.
A.How
often B.How
long C.How
soon
【详解】答案????B 句意:——中国共产党成立多长时间了?——九十九年。明年是她的一百岁生日。本题考查特殊疑问句。由答语中的Ninety-nine
years可知问的是多长时间。how
often多久一次;how
long多长时间;
how
soon多久之后。故选B。
用来提出问题的句子叫疑问句。疑问句包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句。
1．一般疑问句
一般疑问句表示询问事物或某种情况是否属实，其结构为①Be＋主语＋其他？②助动词(或情态动词)＋主语＋谓语(动词原形)＋其他？用Yes/No来回答。如：
—Is
he
a
teacher？他是个老师吗？
—Yes，he
is./No，he
isn't.是的，他是。/不，他不是。
知识点再现
否定的一般疑问句通常是以be动词、情态动词或助动词与not的缩略形式开头，往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。对否定的一般疑问句作简略回答时也用yes或no，但其汉语翻译与其原意正好相反。如：
—Don't
you
hear
of
that
sound？
(表示惊讶)
—Yes，I
do./No，I
don't.
2．特殊疑问句
由特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。其结构为：特殊疑问词(组)＋一般疑问句。回答时不能使用yes或no。
疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。
(1)疑问代词：可以对主语、表语、宾语、定语提问，有what(对“物”提问)，who(对“人”提问)，which(哪一个；哪一些)，whose(谁的)，whom(宾格“谁”)。如：
—What
do
you
want
to
eat？—Noodles.
(2)疑问副词：用于对状语提问，有when(何时)，where(在哪里)，why(为什么)和how(怎么样)等。如：
—Where
are
you
from？
—I'm
from
Japan.
(3)疑问词组how
soon，how
long，how
far，how
often等。如：
—How
often
do
you
have
an
English
party？
—Once
a
month.
3．选择疑问句
选择疑问句可以分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句两种。其答语不用yes或no回答，需根据实际情况用完整的陈述句或其简略形式作答。
一般选择疑问句：一般疑问句＋or＋被选择的部分？如：
—Do
you
like
apples
or
pears？
—I
like
pears.
特殊选择疑问句：特殊疑问句＋A
or
B？如：
—Which
do
you
like
better，tea
or
coffee？
—Coffee.咖啡。
祈使句的用法
易错点二：
(2018重庆) ????
me
a
chance
and
I'll
bring
you
a
surprise.
A.Give B.Giving
C.Gives D.To
give
【详解】答案????A 句意:给我一次机会,我将带给你一个惊喜。本题考查祈使句。本句为“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型,其中祈使句应以动词原形开头,故选A。
(2020邵阳)—How
can
I
avoid
the
illness,
Sir?
—__________
a
mask
when
going
out
and
wash
hands
with
soap.
A.
Wears
B.
Wear
C.
To
wear
【详解】句意：——先生，我怎么才能避免这种病呢？——外出时戴上口罩，用肥皂洗手。
考查祈使句。wear穿，戴；wears是wear的第三人称单数形式，to
wear是wear的动词不定式。答句中when
going
out是由when引导的时间状语从句，and是并列连词，wash是动词原形，所以此处使用动词原形wear，wear
a
mask是省略了第二人称主语you的祈使句，表示“提建议”，即：外出时戴上口罩，用肥皂洗手。故选B。
祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。在祈使句中，主语you通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号。
1．祈使句的肯定形式
动词原形＋其他。如：
Give
me
the
book.
Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他。如：
Let
me
help
you.
知识点再现
2．祈使句的否定形式
Don't＋动词原形＋其他。如：
Don't
be
late.
Never
＋动词原形＋其他。如：
Never
let
your
child
play
on
the
street
alone.
No＋名词/动名词。如：
No
fishing！
3．祈使句中需要注意的一些情况
祈使句的答语用一般将来时。如：
—Please
remember
to
bring
your
homework
to
school.
—OK，I
will.
—Don't
eat
too
much
chocolate！
—Sorry，I
won't.
在意思较为明显的情况下，可把谓语动词省去。如：
This
way，please.
there
be
句型的用法
易错点三：
(2020邵阳)—Well,
I'm
new
in
town.
_______a
bank
around
here?
—Of
course.
It's
just
near
Chengnan
Park.
A.
There
is
B.
Is
there
C.
Is
it
【详解】句意：——嗯，我是这个镇上新来的。这附近有银行吗？——当然。就在城南公园附近。
考查疑问句。There
is有，陈述句；Is
there有，there
be句型的一般疑问句；Is
it它是，一般疑问句。根据上句中的“？”可知，上句应为疑问句，故排除A选项。结合答语“It's
just
near
Chengnan
Park”可知，就在城南公园附近，因此可推知问句是询问这附近有没有银行，应用there
be句型的一般疑问句，即is
there表示“有”。故选B。
(2020云南)There
________
a
basketball
game
next
Monday.
If
it
________
,
we’ll
have
to
put
it
off.
A.
is
going
to
have;
will
rain
B.
is
going
to
have;
rains
C.
is
going
to
be;
rains
D.
is
going
to
be;
will
rain
【详解】句意：下周一有篮球比赛，如果下雨，我们将推迟。考查there
be句型以及动词的时态。there
be+名词的结构采取就近原则，be与最近的名词的单复数一致，根据a
basketball
game可知是单数，根据next
Monday可知是一般将来时，用there
is
going
to
be。there
be句型不能与have同时使用，排除A和B选项。will
rain动词的一般将来时；rains动词的一般现在时的第三人称单数。if引导的条件状语从句，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，从句主语是it,从句的谓语动词用一般现在时的第三人称单数rains。故选C。
there
be句型表示“(某处)有某人或某物”，there没有具体意义。
1．there
be句型的各种句式
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
There＋be＋主语(＋地点)．
There
were
many
trees
in
the
park
many
years
ago.
否定句
There＋be
＋not＋主语(＋地点)．
There
isn’t
any
water
in
the
cup.
知识点再现
句式
结构
例句
一般疑问句
—Be＋there＋主语(＋地点)?
—Yes,
there＋be./No,
there＋be＋not.
—Is
there
a
lake
in
your
school？
—No,
there
isn’t.
反意疑问句
疑问部分用be
(not)
there
There
are
two
balls
under
the
bed,
aren’t
there？
there
be句型的各种时态
常见时态
结构
例句
一般现在时
There
is/are
There
is
a
bridge
below
the
waterfall.
一般过去时
There
was/were...
There
were
many
people
at
the
meeting
yesterday.
一般将来时
There
will
be...
There
is/are
going
to
be...
There
is
going
to/will
be
an
important
meeting
tomorrow.
倒装句的用法
易错点四：
(2018潍坊)—I
always
hate
being
late
for
school.
— ????
A.So
am
I. ????B.So
do
I.
C.So
I
am. ????D.So
I
do.
【详解】答案????B 句意:——我一直讨厌上学迟到。——我也是。本题考查倒装句。“so+助动词+主语”结构主要用来说明前面所说的情况,也同样适用于后面的人或物,意为“……也一样”。本句为肯定形式的倒装,强调“我”也讨厌上学迟到。
结 构
例 句
So＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语．(主语不是同一个人，
意为“……也是如此”)
—Tom
has
ever
been
to
China.
—So
has
Mike.
Neither＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语．(主语不是同一个人，
表否定)
—Li
Ping
wasn't
late
for
school
this
morning.
—Neither
was
Tom.
知识点再现
结 构
例 句
So＋主语＋助动词/情态动词/be动词．(主语是同一个人，
意为“的确如此”)
—He
continued
watching
TV
after
the
phone
rang
many
times.
—So
he
did.
Here/There＋谓语动词＋名词主语．Here/There＋代词主语＋谓语动词．
Here
comes
the
bus.
Here
it
is.
感叹句的用法
易错点五：
(2020昆明)— ????
rapid
progress
our
country
is
making
in
science
and
technology!
—So
it
is.
We
are
enjoying
the
convenience
of
modern
technology.
A.How B.What C.What
a D.What
an
【详解】答案????B 句意:——我们的国家在科技方面取得的进展真快啊!——的确如此。我们正享受着现代科技的便利。本题考查感叹句。根据句型What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!以及progress是不可数名词可知应该选择B项。
(2020营口)— ????
special
class
we
had
today!We
have
learned
about
Chinese
kung
fu.
—That
sounds
really
interesting.
A.How B.How
a C.What D.What
a
【详解】答案????D 句意:——我们今天上的这节课多么特殊啊!我们学习了中国功夫。——那听起来真有趣。本题考查感叹句。class是单数名词,故用what
a。
分类
结构
例句
how引导
How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
How
clever
a
boy
he
is!
How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!
How
quickly
Tom
runs!
知识点再现
分类
结构
例句
what引导
What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
What
a
beautiful
mountain
it
is!
What+adj.+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!
What
great
inventions
he
has
made!
What+adj.+不可数名词+主语+谓语!
What
bad
weather
it
is
today!
反义疑问句用法
易错点六：
—What
a
fine
day!
Let’s
go
for
a
picnic,
________?
—Sounds
like
a
good
idea.
A.
shall
we
B.
don’t
we
C.
can
we
【详解】句意：——多好的天气啊！我们去野餐，好吗？——听起来是个好主意。
考查反意疑问句。根据题干中“Let’s
go
for
a
picnic,
________?”可知反意疑问句的陈述部分是以let's开头的祈使句，疑问部分用shall
we。故选A。
1.反意疑问句的两种基本句型
基本句型
例句
肯定陈述句+否定简略问句
Lucy
is
from
England,
isn’t
she?
否定陈述句+肯定简略问句
Ann
doesn’t
like
apples,
does
she?
注意前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简略问句。完成后一部分的简略问句时,要根据前面陈述句的动词的时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问,前后两部分的人称和动词的时态要保持一致。
知识点再现
2.反意疑问句的特殊形式
(1)当陈述部分是“there
be+主语+其他”结构时,反意疑问句部分要用“be
(not)+there”结构。
There
are
some
bananas
in
the
basket,
aren’t
there?
(2)当陈述部分有hardly,
seldom,
few,
little,
no,
never,
nothing,
nobody,
nowhere等否定词或半否定词时,反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式。
He
hardly
remembers
his
old
friend’s
name,
does
he?
(3)肯定祈使句的反意疑问部分用will
you或won’t
you皆可;否定祈使句的反意疑问句部分用will
you。
Be
sure
to
write
to
us,
will
you/won’t
you?
Don’t
smoke
in
the
meeting
room,
will
you?
(4)在宾语从句中,如果陈述句部分是“I
think(believe,
suppose,
imagine,
expect等)+宾语从句”,反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致,并要注意否定转移。(简而言之:反从不反主)
I
don’t
think
you
have
heard
of
him
before,
have
you?
(5)对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,只要事实是肯定的,就用yes,
事实是否定的,就用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。
—He
likes
playing
football,
doesn’t
he?
—Yes,
he
does.是的,他喜欢。No,
he
doesn’t.不,他不喜欢。
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
简单句及特殊句型导学案
简单句是指只包含一个主谓结构的句子，按照句子的用途可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。简单句的基本句型为：
构成
示例
主语＋不及物动词(S
＋
VI)
You
can't
draw
on
the
wall.
主语＋及物动词＋宾语(S
＋
VT
＋
O)
They
speak
English
very
well.
主语＋连系动词＋表语(主语补足语)(S
＋
V
＋
P/SC)
My
mother
is
a
teacher.
主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S
＋
VT
＋
IO
＋
DO)
He
asked
me
a
question.
主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S
＋
VI.＋
O
＋
OC)
I
found
the
story
interesting.
易错点一：特殊疑问句的用法
(2020北京)— ????
do
you
visit
your
grandparents,
Tom?
—Twice
a
month.
A.How
much B.How
often
C.How
long D.How
soon
【详解】答案????B 句意:——汤姆,你多久去看望一次你的爷爷奶奶?——一个月两次。此题考查疑问副词词组的用法。根据答语可知是对频率进行提问。因此选B。
(2020福建)— ????
is
it
since
the
Communist
Party
of
China
(中国共产党)
was
founded?
—Ninety-nine
years.
It's
her
100th
birthday
next
year.
A.How
often B.How
long C.How
soon
【详解】答案????B 句意:——中国共产党成立多长时间了?——九十九年。明年是她的一百岁生日。本题考查特殊疑问句。由答语中的Ninety-nine
years可知问的是多长时间。how
often多久一次;how
long多长时间;how
soon多久之后。故选B。
知识点再现
用来提出问题的句子叫疑问句。疑问句包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句。
1．一般疑问句
一般疑问句表示询问事物或某种情况是否属实，其结构为①Be＋主语＋其他？②助动词(或情态动词)＋主语＋谓语(动词原形)＋其他？用Yes/No来回答。如：
—Is
he
a
teacher？他是个老师吗？
—Yes，he
is./No，he
isn't.是的，他是。/不，他不是。
否定的一般疑问句通常是以be动词、情态动词或助动词与not的缩略形式开头，往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。对否定的一般疑问句作简略回答时也用yes或no，但其汉语翻译与其原意正好相反。如：
—Don't
you
hear
of
that
sound？
(表示惊讶)
—Yes，I
do./No，I
don't.
2．特殊疑问句
由特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。其结构为：特殊疑问词(组)＋一般疑问句。回答时不能使用yes或no。
疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。
(1)疑问代词：可以对主语、表语、宾语、定语提问，有what(对“物”提问)，who(对“人”提问)，which(哪一个；哪一些)，whose(谁的)，whom(宾格“谁”)。如：
—What
do
you
want
to
eat？—Noodles.
(2)疑问副词：用于对状语提问，有when(何时)，where(在哪里)，why(为什么)和how(怎么样)等。如：
—Where
are
you
from？
—I'm
from
Japan.
(3)疑问词组how
soon，how
long，how
far，how
often等。如：
—How
often
do
you
have
an
English
party？
—Once
a
month.
3．选择疑问句
选择疑问句可以分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句两种。其答语不用yes或no回答，需根据实际情况用完整的陈述句或其简略形式作答。
一般选择疑问句：一般疑问句＋or＋被选择的部分？如：
—Do
you
like
apples
or
pears？
—I
like
pears.
特殊选择疑问句：特殊疑问句＋A
or
B？如：
—Which
do
you
like
better，tea
or
coffee？
—Coffee.咖啡。
易错点二：祈使句的用法
(2018重庆) ????
me
a
chance
and
I'll
bring
you
a
surprise.
A.Give B.Giving
C.Gives D.To
give
【详解】答案????A 句意:给我一次机会,我将带给你一个惊喜。本题考查祈使句。本句为“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型,其中祈使句应以动词原形开头,故选A。
(2020邵阳)—How
can
I
avoid
the
illness,
Sir?
—__________
a
mask
when
going
out
and
wash
hands
with
soap.
A.
Wears
B.
Wear
C.
To
wear
【详解】句意：——先生，我怎么才能避免这种病呢？——外出时戴上口罩，用肥皂洗手。
考查祈使句。wear穿，戴；wears是wear的第三人称单数形式，to
wear是wear的动词不定式。答句中when
going
out是由when引导的时间状语从句，and是并列连词，wash是动词原形，所以此处使用动词原形wear，wear
a
mask是省略了第二人称主语you的祈使句，表示“提建议”，即：外出时戴上口罩，用肥皂洗手。故选B。
知识点再现
祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。在祈使句中，主语you通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号。
1．祈使句的肯定形式
动词原形＋其他。如：Give
me
the
book.
Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他。如：Let
me
help
you.
2．祈使句的否定形式
Don't＋动词原形＋其他。如：Don't
be
late.
Never
＋动词原形＋其他。如：Never
let
your
child
play
on
the
street
alone.
No＋名词/动名词。如：No
fishing！
3．祈使句中需要注意的一些情况
祈使句的答语用一般将来时。如：
—Please
remember
to
bring
your
homework
to
school.
—OK，I
will.
—Don't
eat
too
much
chocolate！
—Sorry，I
won't.
在意思较为明显的情况下，可把谓语动词省去。如：This
way，please.
易错点三：there
be
句型的用法
(2020邵阳)—Well,
I'm
new
in
town.
_______a
bank
around
here?
—Of
course.
It's
just
near
Chengnan
Park.
A.
There
is
B.
Is
there
C.
Is
it
【详解】句意：——嗯，我是这个镇上新来的。这附近有银行吗？——当然。就在城南公园附近。
考查疑问句。There
is有，陈述句；Is
there有，there
be句型的一般疑问句；Is
it它是，一般疑问句。根据上句中的“？”可知，上句应为疑问句，故排除A选项。结合答语“It's
just
near
Chengnan
Park”可知，就在城南公园附近，因此可推知问句是询问这附近有没有银行，应用there
be句型的一般疑问句，即is
there表示“有”。故选B。
(2020云南)There
________
a
basketball
game
next
Monday.
If
it
________
,
we’ll
have
to
put
it
off.
A.
is
going
to
have;
will
rain
B.
is
going
to
have;
rains
C.
is
going
to
be;
rains
D.
is
going
to
be;
will
rain
【详解】句意：下周一有篮球比赛，如果下雨，我们将推迟。考查there
be句型以及动词的时态。there
be+名词的结构采取就近原则，be与最近的名词的单复数一致，根据a
basketball
game可知是单数，根据next
Monday可知是一般将来时，用there
is
going
to
be。there
be句型不能与have同时使用，排除A和B选项。will
rain动词的一般将来时；rains动词的一般现在时的第三人称单数。if引导的条件状语从句，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，从句主语是it,从句的谓语动词用一般现在时的第三人称单数rains。故选C。
知识点再现
there
be句型表示“(某处)有某人或某物”，there没有具体意义。
1．there
be句型的各种句式
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
There＋be＋主语(＋地点)．
There
were
many
trees
in
the
park
many
years
ago.
否定句
There＋be
＋not＋主语(＋地点)．
There
isn’t
any
water
in
the
cup.
一般疑问句
—Be＋there＋主语(＋地点)?—Yes,
there＋be./No,
there＋be＋not.
—Is
there
a
lake
in
your
school？—No,
there
isn’t.
反意疑问句
疑问部分用be
(not)
there
There
are
two
balls
under
the
bed,
aren’t
there？
there
be句型的各种时态
常见时态
结构
例句
一般现在时
There
is/are
There
is
a
bridge
below
the
waterfall.
一般过去时
There
was/were...
There
were
many
people
at
the
meeting
yesterday.
一般将来时
There
will
be...There
is/are
going
to
be...
There
is
going
to/will
be
an
important
meeting
tomorrow.
易错点四：倒装句的用法
(2018潍坊)—I
always
hate
being
late
for
school.
— ????
A.So
am
I. ????B.So
do
I.
C.So
I
am. ????D.So
I
do.
【详解】答案????B 句意:——我一直讨厌上学迟到。——我也是。本题考查倒装句。“so+助动词+主语”结构主要用来说明前面所说的情况,也同样适用于后面的人或物,意为“……也一样”。本句为肯定形式的倒装,强调“我”也讨厌上学迟到。
知识点再现
结 构
例 句
So＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语．(主语不是同一个人，
意为“……也是如此”)
—Tom
has
ever
been
to
China.—So
has
Mike.
Neither＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语．(主语不是同一个人，
表否定)
—Li
Ping
wasn't
late
for
school
this
morning.—Neither
was
Tom.
So＋主语＋助动词/情态动词/be动词．(主语是同一个人，
意为“的确如此”)
—He
continued
watching
TV
after
the
phone
rang
many
times.—So
he
did.
Here/There＋谓语动词＋名词主语．Here/There＋代词主语＋谓语动词．
Here
comes
the
bus.Here
it
is.
易错点五：感叹句的用法
(2020昆明)— ????
rapid
progress
our
country
is
making
in
science
and
technology!
—So
it
is.
We
are
enjoying
the
convenience
of
modern
technology.
A.How B.What C.What
a D.What
an
【详解】答案????B 句意:——我们的国家在科技方面取得的进展真快啊!——的确如此。我们正享受着现代科技的便利。本题考查感叹句。根据句型What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!以及progress是不可数名词可知应该选择B项。
(2020营口)— ????
special
class
we
had
today!We
have
learned
about
Chinese
kung
fu.
—That
sounds
really
interesting.
A.How B.How
a C.What D.What
a
【详解】答案????D 句意:——我们今天上的这节课多么特殊啊!我们学习了中国功夫。——那听起来真有趣。本题考查感叹句。class是单数名词,故用what
a。
知识点再现
分类
结构
例句
how引导
How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
How
clever
a
boy
he
is!
How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!
How
quickly
Tom
runs!
what引导
What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
What
a
beautiful
mountain
it
is!
What+adj.+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!
What
great
inventions
he
has
made!
What+adj.+不可数名词+主语+谓语!
What
bad
weather
it
is
today!
易错点六：反义疑问句的用法
—What
a
fine
day!
Let’s
go
for
a
picnic,
________?
—Sounds
like
a
good
idea.
A.
shall
we
B.
don’t
we
C.
can
we
【详解】句意：——多好的天气啊！我们去野餐，好吗？——听起来是个好主意。
考查反意疑问句。根据题干中“Let’s
go
for
a
picnic,
________?”可知反意疑问句的陈述部分是以let's开头的祈使句，疑问部分用shall
we。故选A。
知识点再现
1.反意疑问句的两种基本句型
基本句型
例句
肯定陈述句+否定简略问句
Lucy
is
from
England,
isn’t
she?
否定陈述句+肯定简略问句
Ann
doesn’t
like
apples,
does
she?
注意前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简略问句。完成后一部分的简略问句时,要根据前面陈述句的动词的时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问,前后两部分的人称和动词的时态要保持一致。
2.反意疑问句的特殊形式
(1)当陈述部分是“there
be+主语+其他”结构时,反意疑问句部分要用“be
(not)+there”结构。
There
are
some
bananas
in
the
basket,
aren’t
there?
(2)当陈述部分有hardly,
seldom,
few,
little,
no,
never,
nothing,
nobody,
nowhere等否定词或半否定词时,反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式。
He
hardly
remembers
his
old
friend’s
name,
does
he?
(3)肯定祈使句的反意疑问部分用will
you或won’t
you皆可;否定祈使句的反意疑问句部分用will
you。
Be
sure
to
write
to
us,
will
you/won’t
you?
Don’t
smoke
in
the
meeting
room,
will
you?
(4)在宾语从句中,如果陈述句部分是“I
think(believe,
suppose,
imagine,
expect等)+宾语从句”,反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致,并要注意否定转移。(简而言之:反从不反主)
I
don’t
think
you
have
heard
of
him
before,
have
you?
(5)对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,只要事实是肯定的,就用yes,
事实是否定的,就用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。
—He
likes
playing
football,
doesn’t
he?
—Yes,
he
does.是的,他喜欢。No,
he
doesn’t.不,他不喜欢。
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