2012年江苏省中考英语一轮复习7A Unit4讲解

第4课时－Unit 4 Food, 7A
一.【精挑细选短语】
1. need a lot of energy需要许多能量 (p58)
【知识链接】energy n.(U)能量→energetic adj.精力充沛的，be energetic＝have a lot of energy精力充沛
e.g. People need energy to live.人活着就需要能量。
2. a bowl of rice 一碗米饭 → two bowls of rice两碗米饭，rice没有复数形式。
3. get tired疲劳→ get＋形容词，类似的有：get hungry挨饿，get angry生气，get scared害怕
4. keep fit＝keep healthy＝stay healthy保持健康，sweet snacks甜食 (p60)
5. too much sugar太多的糖
【知识链接】too much＋不可数名词，太多…，much too＋形容词或副词原级，实在太… e.g.
①There is too much traffic on the street during rush hours. ②He was much too tired to walk.
6. eat meat and vegetables for dinner正餐吃肉和蔬菜，eat hamburgers for lunch午餐吃汉堡
【知识链接】⑴eat/have sth for breakfast/linch/supper早/中/晚餐吃…，此处的介词for不能替换为at。
⑵at breakfast/lunch/supper在早/中/晚餐时e.g. What’s for breakfast 早餐吃什么
7. chat with my friends on the Internet和朋友在网上聊天 (注意on the Internet中的介词和冠词)
【知识链接】chat with sb和某人聊天，chat online＝chat on the Internet网上聊天
8. a top student尖子生，top＝the best
【用法拓展】⑴on top of…＝at the top of…在…的顶端 e.g. Father Christmas lands on top of each house on Christmas Eve. ⑵top顶端→bottom底部→ at the bottom of…在…的底部
9. have a healthy diet or lifestyle饮食或生活方式健康，change one’s diet改变饮食
10. plan to eat healthy meals计划吃健康的饭菜，plan to go swimming计划去游泳
【知识链接】plan ⑴vi.计划→planning →planned，常用短语plan to do sth计划做某事
⑵n.计划，make a plan制订计划, make a plan for…制订…的计划
11. be careful with her diet注意饮食 (p62)
【知识链接】⑴be careful with/of…注意，珍视 ⑵be careful (not) to do sth小心(不)做某事
12. go roller skating溜旱冰，go (ice) skating滑冰，go skiing滑雪 (p64)
13. less than three times a week每周不到三次，three to six times a week每周三到六次 (p68)
【知识链接】less than不到，少于→more than超过，多于
14. walk to school＝go to school on foot步行上学→ walk to…＝go to…on foot步行去某地
15. Congratulations!祝贺你! (p69)
【知识链接】congratulate vt.向…祝贺/道贺，恭喜→congratulation n.祝贺，庆祝(常用复数congratulations)，常用短语“向某人祝贺某事”①congratulate sb on sth ②say/offer congratulations to sb on sth e.g.①They congratulated him on winning the 100-metre race.② I offered him my congratulations on his success.
16. lie on the couch躺在长沙发上 (p70)
【知识链接】lie on the bed躺在床上(不盖任何衣物)，lie in bed躺在床上(指盖着被子等衣物)
17. Me too.我也如此。→人称代词单独使用时，一般用宾格不用主格。
18. help me start the day有助于我开始一天(的工作、学习或生活) (p72)
【知识链接】start ⑴vi.出发(不能用begin代替)，start from…for…＝leave…for…离开某地去某地 e.g. ①The train has just started. ②He started from Taipei for Beijing. 或He left Taipei for Beijing. ⑵vi.开始＝begin，start/begin to do sth，start/begin doing sth e.g. School starts/begins at 7:50.(不能说start from 7:50) ⑶vt.启动 (不能用begin)，e.g. start the engine启动发动机
二．【百里挑一词汇】
1. power n.力量；动力→ powerful强大的；有力的 e.g. ①power failure停电 ②Water power creates electric power.水力可以发电。
2. 常见的食物名词：
⑴Vegetables: carrots，tomatoes，cabbage
⑵Fruit: lemons，mangoes，watermelons，grapes
⑶Meat: beef，pork，chicken，mutton，fish
⑷Sweet snacks: mooncakes，chocolates，candies＝sweets，biscuits＝crackers (noodles常用复数形式)
⑸Drink: milk，juice，Sprite，Coca-cola＝Coke，Pepsi Cola，Fanta，tea，coffee，ice cream
3. carry vt.携带；搬运；提；背；抱；扛 e.g.
①The train carries more goods than trucks. ②The woman carries a baby in her arms.
【用法拓展】carry无方向性，而take, bring有很强的方向性。bring表示“带来、拿来”，指从别处带到说话者的地方，简言之“由远及近”；bring还表示“把某物拿到说话者要去的地方或把物带到谈话对方所在的地方”。take表示“拿走；带走；拿”，指从说话者的地方带到别处，简言之“由近及远”。
选用take, bring填空
①—A friend gave me a MP4 player. I want to show it to you. —Great! Could you it to school
②He told me not to you anything.
③It’s raining outside. your raincoat.
4. partner n.同伴，伙伴；搭档 e.g. He is my business partner.
5. 分数：mark指成绩、得分，如：get full marks得满分，get good marks得高分；point即指具体的分值。 e.g. —He got full marks in the English test. —You mean he got 120 points
6. soup汤→喝汤eat soup→broth(鱼、肉或菜)汤。Every cook praises his own broth.王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸。
7. person n.人→复数persons/people →personal adj.个人的→personality n.个性 e.g. very important person＝VIP重要人物;贵宾→VIP card贵宾卡; personal computer＝PC个人电脑
三.【五星必背句型】
1. A healthy diet is very important for a dancer. (p60)
【知识链接】⑴a healthy diet健康的饮食，dance vi.跳舞；n.舞蹈→dancer n.跳舞者；舞蹈演员
⑵be healthy＝be in good health健康的，be good/bad for health对健康有好/坏处
⑶healthy→unhealthy→healthily，e.g. eat healthy food, eat healthily
2. Daniel spends all his free time sitting in front of the computer. (p64)
【知识链接】⑴spend time doing sth ⑵in front of…在…的前面，in the front of…在…的前部
3. How much TV do you watch every day ＝How long do you watch TV every day (p68)
4. You are not fit at all. (p69)→肯定句变为含有not…at all的三个步骤：肯定句→否定句→句尾加at all。
【知识链接】⑴Not at all.不用谢；没关系。⑵not…at all一点也不…，根本不…。
5. You need to exercise more, watch less TV and eat healthy food.
【知识链接】⑴need to do sth有必要做某事 ⑵exercise more＝do more exercise多锻炼
⑶watch less TV少看电视 ⑷eat healthy food→eat healithily吃得健康
6. I don’t eat them any more. (p70)
【知识链接】not …any more＝no more…再也不…，The child didn’t cry any more when he saw his mother.
7. Good luck with your new diet and lifestyle.
【知识链接】⑴Good luck (to you).祝你好运。Good luck to sb.祝某人好运。⑵Good luck with sth.祝某事顺利。e.g. ①Good luck to Peter. ②Good luck with your entrance exams.
8. There are no calories in water, so you can drink it without getting fat. (p72)
【知识链接】⑴get fat变胖；发胖→get＋形容词，是系表结构。⑵without prep.没有，不，无，with＋名词/代词/动名词，①He went out without a hat. ②We can’t live without air.＝We can’t live if there is no air. ③He left angrily without saying a word. ④I will fail without your help.＝I will fail if you don’t help me.
四.【中考无敌语法】频度副词、可数名词与不可数名词、There be句型
㈠频度副词与疑问词How often, How long
⒈never从不，seldom很少，sometimes有时，often经常，usually通常，always总是
⒉疑问词How often：对两种词提问，即：①频度副词 ②每天/周/月/年…××次
⒊疑问词How long：对一段时间提问，常见的有：①for＋一段时间 ②since＋过去时间/过去时间状语从句。e.g. —How long have you studied at your school —Since over two years ago.
㈡可数名词与不可数名词
⒈名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式；可数名词单数之前用a/an修饰。如：an hour, a university, There is an “s” and a “u” in the word “use”. 可数名词复数分为规则和不规则。
以元音开头的辅音字母共8个：n, m, f, x, l, h, s, r【巧记】你(n)的妹妹(m)发(f)现(x)老(l)虎(h)杀(s)人(r)。
⒉可数名词复数的规则变化：
⑴大多数名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加-s。e.g. chair→chairs, ball→balls
⑵以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词后加-es，注意stomach的复数形式为stomachs。e.g.
bus →buses, fox →foxes, bench →benches, brush →brushes
⑶以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的名词要变-y为-ies；以“元音字母＋y”结尾的名词直接加-s。 e.g.
family→families, country→countries, company→companies, factory→factories, baby→babies, story →stories, boy→boys, toy→toys, day→days
⑷有些以-f或-fe结尾的名词要去掉-f或-fe再加-ves。e.g.
knife→knives, life→lives, leaf→leaves, half→halves, thief→thieves, wolf→wolves
⑸有些以-f或-fe结尾的名词直接加-s。e.g. roof→roofs, belief→beliefs, gulf→gulfs
⑹以“元音字母＋o”结尾的名词加-s。e.g. radio→radios, zoo→zoos, studio→studios, bamboo→bamboos
⑺以“辅音字母＋o”结尾的名词加-es。e.g.
potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes, mango→mangoes, hero→heroes, Negro →Negroes (黑人)
⑻有些外来词虽然以“辅音字母＋o”结尾，但只加-s。e.g. radio →radios, piano →pianos
⒊可数名词复数的不规则变化：
⑴改变内部元音字母：man→men, woman→women, policeman/woman→policemen/policemen, spaceman →spacemen, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, goose→geese, mouse→mice
【注意】German→Germans, Walkman →Walkmans
⑵词尾加-(r)en：child→children, ox→oxen(公牛)
⒋合成词的复数形式：⑴某些由“名词＋名词”即名词修饰名词的复合词，后一个名词后变为复数。e.g.
a boy/girl student →boy/girl students, an apple tree →apple trees ⑵由“man/woman＋名词”的复合名词，两部分都要变。e.g. a man/woman writer →men/women writers
⒌名词复数形式的特殊变化：
⑴单复数同形的名词：①某些动物名词：fish→fish, sheep→sheep, deer→deep ②表示某国人的名词：Chinese, Japanese ③其他：means方式，works工厂，crossroads十字路口
⑵只有复数形式的名词：表示由两部分构成的东西的词：trousers, shorts, glasses, scissors
⒍不可数名词前可以用数量词表示数量，即“数词＋名词＋of＋不可数名词”。
a piece of bread→pieces of bread, a glass of water/juice/milk→glasses of water/juice/milk
㈢There be句型
“There be＋某物/某人＋某地/某时.”表示“某地或某时有某物或某人”。“某物/某人”是该结构的主语，因此动词be的形式要随着它后面的名词而变化。总体说来有以下三种形式：
⑴There is＋名词单数或不可数名词＋某地/某时. e.g. There is some water in the bottle.
⑵There is＋名词单数和复数＋某地/某时. e.g. There is a tree and many flowers in the garden.
⑶There are＋名词复数＋某地/某时. e.g. There are 60 minutes in an hour.
总结：综上所述，There are＋名词复数，其余都使用There is…。