(共69张PPT)
中考二轮复习
动静有态
–
动词
通用版
九年级
中考英语复习语法专题
动静有态
-
动词
通用版
2021
2021年3月
目录
CONTENTS
动是永恒-实义动词
A
变是真理-连系动词
B
动亦有情-情态动词
C
助人为乐-助动词
D
似动非动-非谓语动词
E
长短有别-延续与非延续
F
动词是什么？
ACTION
STATE
1
动作
2
状态
持续
短暂
位移
情思
感官
存有
动词的句法功能
02
连系动词
01
实义动词
03
助动词
04
情态动词
主力系：可独立作谓语动词
辅助系：不可独立作谓语动词
05
非谓语动词
动是永恒
PART
01
实义动词
01
实义动词主要分类
家庭至上
没对象不独存
及物动词
单身主义
找对象需媒人（介词）
不及物动词
及物动词
（后面要有对象作宾语）
+单个宾语
raise
money
change
our
lives
finish
the
task
sing
an
English
song
use
the
phone
that
belongs
to
you
及物动词
（后面要有对象作宾语）
+双宾语
ask
your
teacher
questions
wish
you
success
buy
a
present
for
you
give
a
surprise
to
my
parents
read
a
story
to
you
强调动作的对象
read
a
story
for
you
强调动作的受益者
用to引出动作的方向或对象的常见及物动词
send
a
message
to
you
give
给
hand
递
lend
借
tell
告诉
pass
传递
offer
提供
post
邮寄
promise
承诺
return
归还
sell
卖
serve
提供
show
展示
take
带
teach
教
write
写
用for引出动作的受益者的常见及物动词
prepare
a
big
meal
for
her
son
buy
买
choose
选择
cook
做饭
draw
画
fetch
去拿来
find
找到
make
做
order
订购
keep
保留
save
保留
prepare
准备
book
预订
bring
a
lot
of
delicious
food
to/for
me
bring
带来
do
做
leave
留下
play
表演
read
读
sing
唱
get
拿给
present
展示
可用for或to的常见及物动词
+复合宾语
+宾+名
call
him
Lei
Feng
+宾+形
make
her
excited
+宾+副
show
me
around
+宾+不定式
allow
me
to
watch
TV
+宾+不定式
help
them
plant
trees
+宾+现在分词
see
the
boy
playing
+宾+过去分词
have
her
hair
cut
及物动词
（后面要有对象作宾语）
make
him
a
wise
man
make
使成为
name
命名
call
称呼
elect
选举
suppose
料想
think
认为
leave
使处于…状态
find
发现
可接名词作宾补的常见及物动词
leave
me
alone
consider
认为
drive
迫使
make
使
keep
保持
leave
使处于…状态
find
发现
prove
证明
suppose
料想
believe
相信
think
认为
get
使
push
推
可接形容词作宾补的常见及物动词
see
me
off
ask
要求
find
发现
get
使
invite
邀请
show
带路
keep
保持
let
让
help
帮助
pick
选择
bring
带来
lock
锁上
lay
放置
可接副词作宾补的常见及物动词
let
me
see
feel
感觉到
have
让
observe
注意到
hear
听到
let
让
make
让
watch
看
notice
注意
help
帮助
see
看见
变被动语态时需要加上to
可接不带to的不定式作宾补的常见及物动词
ask
me
to
study
hard
advise
建议
allow
允许
ask
要求
prefer
更喜欢
drive
迫使
expect
期望
help
帮助
permit允许
remind
提醒
suppose
料想
teach
教
tell
告诉
want
想要
wish
希望
beg
乞求
encourage
鼓励
invite
邀请
warn
警告
可接带to的不定式作宾补的常见及物动词
keep
the
tap
running
hear
听见
feel
感觉到
catch
当场发现
find
发现
get
使
see
看到
observe
注意到
notice
注意到
prevent
阻止
watch
看着
discover
发现
keep
保持
可接现在分词作宾补的常见及物动词
make
yourself
understood
find
发现
get
使
have
使
keep
保持
notice
注意到
feel
感觉到
leave
使处于…状态
make
使
可接过去分词作宾补的常见及物动词
call
the
boy
Lei
Feng
是复合宾语还是双宾语？
give
the
boy
a
card
呢？
将后面的名词提取出来，加上be动词，看看语义是否通顺，如果通顺就是复合宾语，否则就是双宾语。如：
Call
the
boy
Lei
Feng
提取出来是
the
boy
和
Lei
Feng
加上be动词后，the
boy
is
Lei
Feng
语义通顺，因此就是复合宾语结构。
而give
the
boy
a
card提取并加上be后是
the
boy
is
a
card
显示
是不对的，所以这是双宾语结构。
复合宾语还是双宾语
不及物动词
独立作谓语。
I
agree.
不直接跟宾语。
We
used
to
walk
to
school.
没有被动语态。
后面接宾语时需要加介词。
get
a
pain
in
my
chest
易误用为不及物的及物动词
marry
sb.
与某人结婚
visit
sb.
拜访某人
enter
sp.
进入某地
win
sth.
记得某物
变是真理
PART
02
连系动词
02
连系动词
不能单独作谓语，后面必须跟表语构成系表结构，说明主语的身份、状态、特征。主要包括以下几类：
表示状态或特征
表示感官动作
表示状态或特征变化
表示“似乎”“看起来像”等意义
表状态或特征
一般状态
be动词
状态持续
keep
保持…状态
stay
保持…状态
stand
处于…状态
remain
仍然是…状态
lie
处于…状态
rest
保持…状态
表感官动作
look
看起来
taste
尝起来
smell
闻起来
sound
听起来
feel
摸起来/感到
表状态或特征变化
come
多表示往好的方向变化
go
多表示由强到弱，由好到坏或颜色变化
get
变得
become
向好的或不好的方向变化
run
变得
尤指不利变化
grow
逐渐变化
，强调变化过程
fall
进入某种状态
prove
显现出是；
被发现是
turn
转变成与原来完全不同的状态或性质
be
+
V-ing的理解
进行时态
此时，主语是动作的执行者。Be是助动词，无实义，和V-ing（现在分词）一起构成进行时态。
The
boy
is
playing
chess.
系表结构
此时，be
+
V
–ing结构说明主语的性质特征。
Be是谓语动词，通常理解为“是”的意思。
The
boy’s
hobby
is
playing
chess.
动亦有情
PART
03
情态动词
03
情态动词
表看法或设想
1
不独立作谓语动词
2
无人称和数的变化
3
后跟动词原形
4
can/could
表能力“能，会”
The
robot
can
walk
and
dance.
表推测“可能”
can
常用于否定句和疑问句中，用于疑问句表示说话人的怀疑；
could用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句。
Can
this
help
us?
He
could
be
in
the
bedroom.
表请求或许可
“可以”
疑问句中常用could，语气更委婉，回答用can
或
can’t
-
Could
you
wash
the
car
for
me?
-
Yes,
I
can.
can
/
could的重要提示
can
not意为“可以不（做某事）”，有选择性；cannot意为“不能/不可以做某事”
Could
you
please
do
sth.?的回答：
肯定：Certainly.
/
Of
course.
/
Sure.
/
OK.
/
No
problem.
否定：
I’m
sorry
I
…
can的一些固定短语：
can’t
help
doing
sth.
禁不住做某事
can’t
wait
to
do
sth.
近不及待做某事
注意正确理解句子：We
should
do
everything
we
can
to
protect
the
environment.
may/might
表示把握不大的推测，意为“或许”“大概”
might指现在时的可能性更小
You
may/might
get
lost
in
the
jungle.
表示请求或许可
意为“可以”
might更委婉。
引起疑问句肯定回答用can，否定回答用
mustn’t/can’t/had
better
not
-
May
I
leave
now?
-
No,
you
can’t.
may
be和
maybe
may
be是“情态动词+系动词”，意为“可能是”
There
may
be
other
planets
like
the
earth.
maybe是副词，意为“或许，大概”，作状语
Maybe
you’re
right.
will/would
表示请求允许或建议；would更委婉、客气，不是过去式
Would
you
please
give
me
a
hand?
表示意愿，指志愿或主动提出；would是will的过去式。
I
hope
you
will
have
a
better
future.
表示习惯或特性，带主观性；would
是will的过去式
Whenever
he
was
tired,
he
would
has
a
rest.
表示可能性与推测，意为“可能”；would可能性更小
I
think
she
would
just
be
a
common
student.
shall
表示征求同意或意见，用于主语为一、三人称的疑问句中，意为“要不要…”“…好吗？”
Shall
we
go
shopping
now?
What
shall
he
do
next?
表示许诺、命令、警告等，用于主语为二、三人称的陈述句中，意为“必须、应该”
He
shall
be
punished.
You
shall
have
my
answer
tomorrow.
should
表示义务、责任
意为“应当，应该”
You
should
follow
the
law.
表示委婉的劝告、建议或询问意见，意为“应该”
We
should
be
kind
to
dogs.
表示可能性或推断，意为“可能，应该”
I
think
I
should
become
a
career
advisor.
Should
常用来表达主观感受；ought
常用于反映客观情况
ought
to
表示义务、责任
意为“应当，应该”,语气比should重
People
ought
to
respect
the
law.
表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”
A
student
ought
to
broaden
his
mind.
否定句形式为
ought
not
to
Every
ought
not
to
make
the
environment
dirty.
一般疑问句形式为ought
提前
-Ought
I
to
say
thanks
to
him?
-
Yes,
I
think
you
ought
(to).
Should
常用来表达主观感受；ought
常用于反映客观情况
must
表示义务、命令，意为“必须，一定要”，多指现在或将来
We
must
do
something
to
protect
the
environment.
表推测，只用于肯定句中，表很有把握的推测。
This
coat
must
be
Tom’s.
否定形式mustn’t
，表示“禁止，不能”
You
mustn't
break
the
rule.
一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t
或don’t
have
to.
-Must
I
take
the
exam?
-
Yes,
you
must.
-
No,
you
needn’t.
或
No,
you
don’t
have
to.
have
to
意为“不得不，必须”，强调客观需要，有人称、数和时态的变化
He
has
to
look
after
his
younger
sister.
否定形式为
don’t
have
to,意为“不必”
You
don’t
have
to
go
there
with
us.
have
to
侧重客观需要，因客观限制“不得不”
must
强调主观意志，说话人主观认为“必须”
used
to
意为“过去常常，过去是”，后接动词原形，无人称、数和时态的变化，表示过去习惯的动作或存在的状态，现在已经不存在这种情况，侧重于过去与现在的对比。
There
used
to
be
a
shop
in
our
school.
否定形式为
did
not
use
to
或
used
not
to;
一般疑问句形式是将used
提前，或者前面加助动词did,并将used变为原形。
You
used
to
play
basketball,
didn’t
you?
had
better
表示劝告或建议，意为“最好…”，后接动词原形。
You’d
better
come
here
on
time.
最好不要做某事
had
better
not
do
sth.
You’d
better
not
smoke
here.
need
作情态动词时，意为“必须，必要”后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化，常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。
You
need
close
your
books
right
now.
否定形式为
needn’t
，相当于don’t
have
to.
You
needn’t
feel
sorry
about
that.
一般疑问句的肯定回答通常用must或have
to，否定回答为needn’t
-Need
we
hand
in
the
paper?
-
Yes,
we
must/have
to.
-
No,
we
needn’t.
dare
作情态动词时，意为“敢，胆敢”，后接动词原型，无人称和数的变化。主要用于疑问句、否定句、条件句中。
They
are
shy
and
never
dare
ask
others
questions.
否定形式为
dare
not
They
ran
away
and
dared
not
come
back.
作实义动词，后面常接不定式，有人称、数和时态的变化；否定句和疑问句中，不定式符号to可省略。
I
didn’t
dare
(to)
look
at
my
new
classmates.
情态动词可能性排序
must
will
would
should
can
could
may
might
Can’t
可能性
100%
可能性
0%
助人为乐
PART
04
助动词
04
助动词
帮助实义动词或系表结构构成谓语动词部分；
本身无词义；
用于构成时态、语态、否定句、疑问句等；
主要助动词有：be
,
do,
have,
will,
would,
shall,
should等
助动词be
be+现在分词
构成进行时态
I
am
planning
to
have
a
picnic.
be+过去分词
构成被动语态
The
new
school
was
built
last
year.
助动词do
构成否定句和疑问句
Do
you
like
Chinese
food?
用于动词原形前，加强语气，表示“的确，真的”
You
do
need
do
more
reading.
代替上文出现过的实义动词，避免重复
We
can
put
on
a
short
play
just
as
we
do
at
the
English
corner.
用于倒装句:表否定的词置于句首时，将助动词do置于主语前
Neither
do
people
know
an
important
fact:
memory
can
be
improved.
助动词have
have
+
过去分词
构成完成时态
Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
my
hometown.
have
+
been
+现在分词
构成完成进行时态
Sally
has
been
coughing
a
lot.
助动词will/would/shall/should
will/shall+动词原形
构成一般将来时；
When
and
where
shall
we
meet?
Would/should+动词原形
构成过去将来时
I
decided
I
should
travel
to
taste
their
food.
will/would
一般多用于二、三人称，也可用于第一人称；shall/should
一般多用于第一人称。
似动非动
PART
05
非谓语动词
05
非谓语动词
一个简单句有且只有一个谓语动词，多个动词则需要确定一个谓语动词，其它的动词需要变为非谓语动词形式；
非谓语动词无主语，无人称、数和时态变化限制；
非谓语动词主要是三种：不定式（to
do）、动名词（doing）和分词（包括现在分词doing和过去分词done）。
非谓语动词
不定式
动名词
现在
分词
过去
分词
to
do
doing
done
分
词
不定式的理解
不定式to
do，可以看作名词（作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等）、形容词（作后置定语）或副词（作状语），有时也可作插入语（表示态度、语气等）。
固定结构
“特殊疑问词+不定式”可以看作是名词性结构，在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。
V-ing
的理解
动词的-ing形式主要作两种理解：
动名词，相当于名词来使用，可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾补和同位语等。
现在分词：主要用于和be动词一起构成进行时态。也可相当于形容词或副词，用作表语、定语、宾补等。
过去分词
的理解
动词的过去分词表示“完成”，及物动词还可表“被动”，不及物动词还可表“主动”。
在句中通常作表语、定语、宾补和状语等。
非谓语动词的意义分析
类别
意义
不定式
动名词
现在分词
过去分词
时态方面
将来
已发生
进行
已发生
语态方面
主动
主动
主动
被动
示例
forget
to
do
forget
doing
boiling
water
boiled
water
非谓语动词的句法功能分析
句子成分
分类
主语
表语
宾语
宾补
定语
状语
同位语
独立成分
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
√
√
√
分词
√
√
√
√
√
长短有别
PART
05
延续性与非延续性
05
延续性与非延续性动词
延续性动词：能够长时间持续下去或产生持久影响的动作或状态；如：
work,
stand,
read等。
非延续性动词：发生即结束的动作，又称为瞬间动词、终止性动词或短暂动词；如：open,
die,
close,
buy,
begin等。
延续性动词与时间段连用
与“for+时间段”连用、“since+从句”、与“since
+
时间点”
、“since
+
时间段
+
ago”等结构连用
He
worked
all
day
in
the
fields.
I
waited
for
you
for
an
hour.
He
stayed
in
London
for
over
a
month.
He
watched
them
eating.
非延续性动词与时间点连用
They
reached
the
village
in
the
afternoon.
I
haven't
finished
the
work
yet.
She
stood
up
and
left
the
room.
但否定形式可以与时间段连用，用于现在完成时表状态而非动作。
I
haven’t
bought
anything
for
two
months.
I
haven’t
seen
you
for
a
long
time.
关于until引导的时间状语从句
如果主句是肯定句，主句的谓语动词通常用延续性动词；如果主句是否定句，则用非延续性动词。
Don’t
go
out
until
I
come
back.
（非延续）
He
worked
until
almost
midnight
yesterday.
（延续）
延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换
延续
非延续
延续
非延续
延续
非延续
be
arrive/reach
be
become
keep
borrow
have
buy
be
here
come
here
be
closed/open
close/open
一句话理解
：动作延续不了，但动作后的状态可以延续
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
动词分类与谓语动词（习题）
一、单项选择
(
)1.
Nobody
noticed
what
happened
to
the
boy,
because
the
light
suddenly
_______.
A.
put
out
B.
gave
out
C.
turned
out
D.
went
out
(
)2.
The
Internet
is
so
closely
connected
with
our
daily
life.
Can
you
_______
a
life
without
it?
A.understand
B.imagine
C.consider
D.expect
(
)3.
—What
would
you
like
to
have
for
supper?
—Either
noodles
or
rice
_______
OK.
I
don’t
mind.
A.
are
B.
were
C.
is
D.
was
(
)4.
Three
million
_______
a
large
number.
You
can
make
it
_______.
A.
are;
small
B.
is;
smaller
C.
is;
small
D.
are;
smaller
(
)5.
—I
called
you
at
half
past
nine
this
morning,
but
there
was
no
answer.
—Oh,
sorry.
I
_______
with
my
cousin
in
the
supermarket.
A.
shopping
B.
was
shopping
C.
shopped
D.
will
shop
(
)6.
Mary
with
her
parents
often
_______
for
a
walk
in
the
park
after
supper.
A.
go
B.
is
going
C.
are
going
D.
goes
(
)7.
Too
many
people
were
absent.
The
chairperson
warned
that
he
_______
the
meeting
if
necessary.
A.
would
cancel
B.
cancelled
C.
would
start
D.
started
(
)8.
Mother
often
tells
me,
“I
hope
you
_______
what
I
_______
you
to
do
at
school!”
A.
won’t
forget;
have
told
B.
don’t
forget;
will
tell
C.
didn’t
forget;
tell
D.
haven’t
forgotten;
am
telling
(
)9.
—When
shall
we
begin
our
meeting?
—We’ll
begin
it
when
Helen
_______.
A.
comes
B.
came
C.
will
come
D.
come、
(
)10.
—Did
Jack
come
to
our
party
yesterday?
—No,
he
_______.
A.
didn’t
invite
B.
wasn’t
invited
C.
isn’t
invited
D.
hasn’t
invited
(
)11.
The
boy
has
a
good
habit
to
_______
all
the
things
in
right
places.
A.
put
away
B.
put
up
C.
take
away
D.
take
up
(
)12.
We
planned
to
meet
at
10:30
at
the
station
last
Sunday,
but
Bob
didn’t
_______
until
12:00.
A.
turn
up
B.
give
up
C.
stay
up
D.
grow
up
(
)13.
—The
school
network
will
be
shut
down
for
safety
reasons.
—That
doesn’t
_______
me
at
all.
I’m
not
a
net-worm,
anyway.
A.
satisfy
B.
surprise
C.
worry
D.
include
(
)14.
The
exam
is
over
and
the
results
will
be
_______
on
Friday
afternoon.
A.
put
down
B.
put
off
C.
put
up
D.
put
away
(
)15.
The
governments
should
_______
the
use
of
new
types
of
energy
to
make
a
greener
world.
A.
push
in
B.
push
for
C.
put
out
D.
put
up
(
)16.
Taiwan
is
part
of
China.
We
_______
the
same
history
and
culture.
A.explain
B.express
C.connect
D.share
(
)17.
The
school
_______
free
lunch
_______
children
whose
families
are
very
poor.
A.provides;for
B.gives;for
C.provides;with
D.offers;with
(
)18.
He
_______
stay
up
late,
but
now
he
_______
going
to
bed
early.
A.used
to;
used
to
B.is
used
to;
used
to
C.used
to;
is
used
to
D.is
used
to;
is
used
to
(
)19.
My
grandmother
_______
a
lot
of
changes
in
Tianjin
since
she
came
here.
A.sees
B.can
see
C.will
see
D.has
seen
(
)20.
—Sorry,
I
_______
to
buy
the
dictionary
for
you.
—Never
mind.
I’ll
buy
it
for
myself
after
school.
A.had
forgotten
B.forgot
C.am
forgetting
D.will
forget
(
)21.
—Have
you
found
your
mother?
—Not
yet.
By
the
time
I
got
to
her
office,
she
________.
A.has
left
B.had
left
C.left
D.was
leaving
(
)22.
—I
saw
Jane
and
her
brother
in
the
park
at
eight
yesterday
evening.
—Impossible.
She
_______
TV
with
me
in
my
home.
A.had
watched
B.watched
C.would
watch
D.was
watching
(
)23.
The
man
and
the
woman
_______
for
five
years.
A.married
B.have
married
C.got
married
D.have
been
married
(
)24.
Though
he
had
often
made
his
little
sister
_______,
today
he
was
made
_______
by
his
little
sister.
A.to
cry;to
cry
B.cry;cry
C.to
cry;cry
D.cry;to
cry
(
)25.
When
the
620-meter
Shanghai
Tower
_______,
it
will
be
the
second
tallest
building
in
the
world.
A.finishes
B.finished
C.will
be
finished
D.is
finished
(
)26.
—Drugs
have
done
great
harm
to
some
people
and
their
families.
—You
are
right,
so
we
should
_______
from
them.
A.
keep
away
B.
put
away
C.
move
away
D.
ride
away
(
)27.
According
to
a
research,
butterflies
_______
see
more
colors
than
humans.
A.
must
B.
need
C.
will
D.
can
(
)28.
From
March
23rd,
2013,
anyone
under
the
age
of
14
_______
go
into
Disney’s
US
parks
alone.
A.
couldn’t
B.
mustn’t
C.
needn’t
D.
mightn’t
(
)29.
—Dad,
must
we
wait
until
the
light
becomes
green?
—Yes,
I’m
afraid
we
_______.
That’s
the
traffic
rule.
A.
can
B.
may
C.
have
to
D.
need
(
)30.
—Be
careful!
A
car
may
hit
you.
—Thank
you!
I
_______
I
_______
so
close
to
the
road.
A.
didn’t
know;
am
standing
B.
don’t
know;
am
standing
C.
didn’t
know;
was
standing
D.
didn’t
know;
would
stand
(
)31.
—They
say
there
is
a
new
restaurant
nearby.
—Yes,
and
it
______
for
more
than
a
week.
A.
has
been
open
B.
opens
C.
is
opening
D.
is
open
(
)32.
—Let’s
go
to
the
concert
tonight,
Michael!
—Sorry,
I
_______.
I
have
to
help
my
mother
with
the
housework
A.
mustn’t
B.
may
not
C.
needn’t
D.
can’t
(
)33.
If
the
traffic
light
is
red,
you
_______
cross
the
road.
It’s
very
dangerous.
A.
don’t
B.
mustn’t
C.
needn’t
D.
wouldn’t
(
)34.
We
_______
fight
against
pollution.
A.
may
B.
should
C.
mustn’t
D.
needn’t
(
)35.
—I
can’t
give
up
smoking,
doctor.
—For
your
health,
I’m
afraid
you
_______.
A.
may
B.
can
C.
have
to
D.
must
(
)36.
He
did
not
regret
saying
what
he
did
but
felt
that
he
_______
it
differently.
A.
could
express
B.
would
express
C.
could
have
expressed
D.
must
have
expressed
【参考答案】
1-10：DBCBB
DAAAB
11-20：AACCB
DACDB
21-30：BDDDD
ADBCC
31-36：ADBBC
C
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