北师大版（2019）高中英语 选择性必修 第一册 Unit 3 Conservation课件(8份打包）

(共18张PPT)
UNIT
3　CONSERVATION
美
文
导
入
素养解读：《普通高中英语课程标准》要求对学生进行文化素质的培养。文化素质的培养主要是指通过英语教学使学生扩大视野，认识地球和我们所生活的环境，弄清地球的自然资源，把握能源革命的最新发展。通过对本单元课文的学习，同学们要学会在日常生活和学习过程中，注意节约能源，自觉地保护环境，养成良好的环保意识。
主题：生物能源
学科素养：人与自然
难度系数：★★★
Seaweed
As
Future
Source
Of
Fuel
And
Food
Seaweed
has
many
benefits;
it
may
replace
plastic
as
a
future
source
of
fuel
and
food.
Seaweed
is
classified
as
algae.
It
is
fast
growing,
uses
energy
from
the
sun,
and
consumes
carbon
dioxide
and
nutrients
from
seawater.
Scientists
are
suggesting
that
seaweed
may
be
able
to
help
mitigate(减少；缓解)
carbon
emissions
and
climate
change.
A
seaweed
cultivation
rig
is
fixed
to
the
seafloor.
It
has
ropes
that
are
latticed(制成网格的)
and
have
lengths
of
50,000
meters
or
164,000
feet.
The
strings
are
designed
so
that
they
can
withstand
large
and
rough
waves.
According
to
seaweed
producer
and
Ocean
Rainforest
managing
director
Mr.
Gregarsen,
the
rig’s
main
structure
goes
down
10
meters
to
avoid
large
breaking
waves.
They
have
cultivation
areas
in
the
North
Atlantic
in
Denmark’s
territory(领土，领域).
According
to
Mr.
Gregarsen,
the
site
is
rich
in
nutrients
and
has
deep
waters.
Also,
its
temperature
ranges
from
6
to
11℃.All
of
these
factors
make
the
area
ideal
for
seaweed
growth.
This
year,
they
will
be
getting
in
about
200
tons.
Gregersen’s
group
is
one
of
many
seaweed
farms
set
up
in
North
America
and
Europe
due
to
increasing
demand
from
various
industries,
including
the
food
sector.
It
is
gaining
demand
because
it
can
be
used
as
feed
and
food,
and
it
can
also
replace
fossil
fuel-based
plastic
packaging
products.
Ocean
Rainforest
has
recently
been
funded
by
the
US
Department
of
Energy
to
copy
its
Danish
system
and
build
a
similar
California
one.
California
wants
to
start
industrialized
production
for
use
as
biofuels(生物燃料).
Gregersen’s
company
is
planning
on
doubling
production
this
year.
They
are
planning
to
mechanize
their
production
and
make
their
operation
large-scale
and
more
efficient.
Gregersen
says
only
a
few
companies
can
make
seaweed
a
profitable
venture.
Dried
seaweed
is
used
in
the
manufacture
of
food,
while
fermented
seaweed
is
used
as
animal
feed.
Seaweed
extract
has
many
benefits,
such
as
cosmetics,
toothpaste,
pet
food,
and
medicines.
These
products
have
seaweed-derived
hydrocolloids(水状胶质；水状胶体)
made
in
many
ways.
More
products
may
find
seaweed
useful.
Many
firms
currently
work
on
making
alternatives
to
plastic
and
textiles.
Soon,
seaweed
may
be
used
as
water
capsules,
drinking
straws,
and
biodegradable
packaging.
1．replace
/r??ple?s
/
vt.取代；代替
2．classify
/?kl?s?fa?
/
vt.分类
3．cultivation
/?k?lt??ve??n
/
n．培养；培育
4．withstand
/w???st?nd
/
v．承受；抵挡
○课标词汇
5．structure
/?str?kt??
/
n．结构；构造
6．demand
/d??mɑ?nd
/
n．&vt.要求；需求
7．fund
/f?nd
/
vt.资助；n.资金
8．manufacture
/?m?nju?f?kt??(r)
/
n．制造
1．be
classified
as…
被归类成……
2．range
from…to从……到……排列
3．be
funded
by…
被……资助
○重要短语
Scientists
are
suggesting
that
seaweed
may
be
able
to
help
mitigate
carbon
emissions
and
climate
change.
分析：句中的动词suggesting在此处意为“认为”，不表示“建议”，所以其后的宾语从句中的谓语动词用的是陈述语气，而没有使用“should＋动词原形”结构。
译文：科学家表示，海藻可能有助于减少碳排放和气候变化。
○句型精析
核心素养目标
【语言技能】
听、读、说有关环境保护话题的语言材料；
掌握本单元的重点词汇、短语和句式；
学会使用关系副词when,
where,
why引导定语从句；
学会在口头语中如何表达建议或接受建议；
学会写作表达对立观点的议论文；
观看短视频，发表自己的观点，对相关内容发表自己的看法。
【素养提升】
认识世界范围内的资源及能源现状，形成危机意识；
了解世界的环境现状，培养良好的环保意识；
学会用英语就环保话题发表自己的观点和看法。(共64张PPT)
UNIT
3　CONSERVATION
Period
One　Topic
Talk
课前自主预习
1．_____________n．保护
2．_____________adj.塑料制的
3．_____________vt.破坏；毁掉
4．_____________n．采矿业
5．_____________n．一项，一条
6．_____________v．再利用，回收利用
7．_____________adj.不可回收的
conservation　
plastic　
destroy　
mining　
item　
recycle　
unrecyclable　
¤重点单词
8．_____________adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的
9．_____________n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能
10．_____________v．转换，改变
11．_____________adv.非法地，违法地
12．_____________adv.猎取，猎杀
13．_____________adj.灭绝的，绝种的
14．_____________adv.非常地，极端地
15．_____________adj.紧急的，急迫的
informative　
threat　
switch　
illegally　
hunt　
extinct　
incredibly　
urgent　
1．正如你所知道的那样
________________
2．为了，以便
________________
3．转变，转换
________________
4．尽快地
________________
¤重点词块
as
you
know　
in
order
to　
switch
to　
as
soon
as
possible　
5．……的数量
________________
6．减少
________________
7．扮演角色，起某种作用
________________
8．尽自己的职责
________________
9．对……有害处
________________
the
amount
of…　
cut
down　
play
a
role/part
in　
do
one’s
part　
be
bad
for…　
1．(P108)It
was
by
Professor
Linda
Wei,
the
environmental
expert,
____________
？
那是环境专家琳达·魏教授做的，不是吗？
【答案】wasn’t
it
¤重点句式
2．(P109)…
there
will
be
no
rhinos
________
in
the
world
in
20
years.
……20年后，世界上将没有犀牛。
【答案】left
课堂新知讲练
1．threat
n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能
(P108)
After
the
lecture,
I
can
see
that
the
use
of
oil
and
coal
is
one
of
the
biggest
threats
to
our
planet.
【翻译】讲座结束后，我明白了石油和煤炭的使用是对我们星球最大的威胁之一。
◇词汇拓讲
【语言提升】
threat
n．威胁(可用作可数和不可数名词)
to
make
threats
against
sb.对某人进行威胁
under
threat受到威胁
She
is
prepared
to
carry
out
her
threat
to
resign.
她准备好辞职。
He
received
death
threats
from
someone
unknown.
他收到了来自不明人士的死亡恐吓。
There
is
a
real
threat
of
war.
确有可能发生战争。
These
ancient
woodlands
are
under
threat
from
new
road
developments.
新道路开发可能对这些古老的林地造成破坏。
He
is
unlikely
to
be
a
threat
to
the
Spanish
player
in
the
final.
相信他不会在决赛中对这位西班牙运动员形成威胁。
Drugs
pose
a
major
threat
to
our
society.
毒品成为对社会的一大威胁。
threaten
to
do
sth.威胁要做某事
threaten
sb.with
sth.用某物威胁某人
threaten
(that)…威胁……
The
incident
threatens
to
ruin
his
chance
in
the
election.
这件事威胁到他当选的机会。
He
threatened
to
take
them
to
court.
他扬言要把他们告上法庭。
He
was
threatened
with
dismissal
if
he
continued
to
turn
up
late
for
work.
他受到警告，如果继续上班迟到，就会被解雇。
The
man
became
angry
and
threatened
that
he
would
call
the
police.
那个男人生气了，威胁说要去报警。
【词汇拓展】
threaten
vt.威胁到；危及；威胁，恐吓
threatening
adj.恐吓的，威胁的
threatened
adj.受到威胁的
【温馨提示】
-en作后缀可用于构成动词，常表示“使，使成为，变得”等含义。常见的此类动词还有：shorten
使缩短；deepen加深，使变深；broaden使变宽，加宽；sharpen使锋利，削尖；strengthen加强；frighten使害怕。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Wildlife
has
been
greatly
________(threat)
in
the
modern
age.
(2)Our
neighbor
threatened
________(call)
the
police
if
we
didn’t
stop
the
noise.
(3)Some
cultures
see
direct
eye
contact
as
impolite
or
________(threaten)
behavior,
while
Americans
see
it
as
a
sign
of
genuineness
and
honesty.
(4)To
avoid
knee
pain,
you
can
run
on
soft
surfaces,
do
exercises
to
________(strength)
your
leg
muscles,
avoid
hills
and
get
good
running
shoes.
【答案】(1)threatened　(2)to
call　(3)threatening　(4)strengthen
2．switch
vi.&vt.
转换，改变
(P108－109)
We
definitely
need
to
switch
to
different
forms
of
power
as
soon
as
possible.
【翻译】我们确实需要尽快转换到不同形式的能源。
【语言提升】
switch
to切换到，变成
To
keep
fit,
you
can
switch
to
morning
or
lunchtime
exercise.
为了保持健康，你可以转变到早上或午间锻炼。
Please
switch
to
the
news
channel.
I’d
like
to
watch
the
news
program.
请转换到新闻频道。我想看看新闻。
switch
on＝turn
on打开(电器)
What
happens
when
you
switch
on
a
computer?
当你开启电脑时，它发生了什么？
switch
off关闭(电器)；不再想着；不再注意；失去兴趣
When
I
hear
the
word
“football”
I
switch
off.
我听见“足球”两个字就腻味。
Have
you
ever
forgotten
to
switch
off
the
TV
or
computer?
你忘记过关闭电视或电脑吗？
Remember
to
switch
off
the
electricity
before
you
start
to
repair
the
washing
machine.
修理洗衣机之前务必记得切断电源。
switch
over换台，换频道
I
don’t
want
to
watch
this
program.
Please
switch
over.
我不想看这个节目。请换一个台。
switch
(from
A)
to
B
(由A)转变成B
Now
she
has
switched
from
a
student
into
a
housewife.
现在，她由一个学生变成了一个家庭主妇。
【语境助记】
Lucy
got
home
from
work
early.
After
changing
clothes,
she
switched
off
the
light
and
came
to
the
living
room.
Then
she
switched
on
the
TV
and
switched
it
over
to
Channel
10．
露西早早下班回到家，换完衣服后，她关灯来到客厅。然后她打开电视，转到第10频道。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Please
________
the
radio
to
listen
to
news
and
the
weather
forecast.
(2)Be
sure
to
________
the
light
when
you
leave
the
office.
(3)We’d
better
take
the
train
into
the
city
center,
then
a
bus,
________
the
tram(有轨电车),
then
maybe
a
taxi.
(4)This
play
is
too
boring.
Will
you
please
________
to
CCTV
5
to
watch
the
live
football
match?
【答案】(1)switch
on　(2)switch
off　(3)switching
to　(4)switch
over
3．cut
down削减，砍倒
(P109)I
think
we
should
cut
down
the
use
of
unrecyclable
plastic
to
protect
our
planet.
【翻译】我认为我们应该减少使用不可回收塑料来保护我们的地球。
【语言提升】
(1)cut
down砍倒(及物动词)
Deserts
are
also
formed
because
people
cut
down
trees
and
dig
up
grass.
人们伐树掘草也会造成土壤沙化。
(2)cut
down还可以表示“减少”，其后面也可以直接宾语。
cut…down
(to…)
减少……(至……)
cut
down
on…减少(在某个方面的开支)
My
uncle
hasn’t
been
able
to
quit
smoking,
but
at
least
he
has
cut
down.
我叔叔还未能戒烟，但至少他已经少抽了。
We
need
to
cut
the
article
down
to
1,000
words.
我们得把这篇文章压缩到1
000词。
Cut
down
on
fatty
foods
if
you
want
to
lose
weight.
你如果想减肥，就得少吃高脂食物。
cut构成的其他短语：cut
up切碎　cut
off砍下
cut
in插话；插入　cut
out切掉；删去；关掉
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Experts
think
the
amount
of
homework
for
the
students
should
be
________.
(2)The
water
supply
has
been
________
temporarily
because
the
workers
are
repairing
one
of
the
main
pipes.
(3)It
is
impolite
to
________
when
other
people
are
talking.
(4)I
have
been
advised
to
________
the
poem
from
my
article.
【答案】(1)cut
down　(2)cut
off　(3)cut
in　(4)cut
out
1．(P108)
It
was
by
Professor
Linda
Wei,
the
environmental
expert,
wasn’t
it?
【翻译】那是环境专家琳达·魏教授写的，不是吗？
【句式解读】
本句是一个反意疑问句，由陈述部分“It
was
by
Professor
Linda
Wei,
the
environmental
expert”和反意疑问部分“wasn’t
it”构成。
◇句式解读
【句式提升】
反意疑问句由陈述部分和反意疑问部分组成。其中反意疑问部分用于表示反问、疑问或强调等。反意疑问句的基本用法如下：
(1)反意疑问句的构成：“肯定的陈述部分＋否定的反意疑问部分”或“否定的陈述部分＋肯定的反意疑问部分”。
(2)反意疑问部分的主语：一般用与前面陈述部分的主语一致的人称代词
(3)回答：对“否定的陈述部分＋肯定的反意疑问部分”的肯定回答仍然用yes，否定回答用no，但是yes译为“不”，no译为“是的”。
—He
hasn’t
finished
his
homework,
has
he?
他还没有完成作业，是吗？
—Yes,
he
has./No,
he
hasn’t.
不，他完成了。/是的，他还没有完成。
【归纳拓展】
反意疑问句的其它常见情况：
(1)当陈述部分的主语是everybody,
everyone,
someone,
nobody,
somebody等时，反意疑问部分的主语通常用they。
Everyone
knows
the
answer,
don’t
they?
大家都知道答案，不是吗？
(2)陈述部分为含有定语从句或主语从句的主从复合句时，反意疑问部分的主语和谓语一般同主句的主语和谓语保持一致。
He
is
not
the
man
who
gave
us
a
report,
is
he?
他不是给我们做报告的那个人，是吗？
(3)当陈述部分为there
be结构时，反意疑问部分仍由there和be来构成。
There’s
no
water,
is
there?
没有水了，是吗？
(4)当陈述部分中有seldom,
hardly,
never,
few,
nothing,
little等表示否定意义的词时，反意疑问部分用肯定形式。
You
have
nothing
against
it,
have
you?
你没有什么反对的，对吗？
(5)当陈述部分是
“I/we＋think/believe/suppose/expect…＋宾语从句”时，反意疑问部分的主语和谓语往往与从句的主语和谓语保持一致，但要注意否定转移。
I
don’t
think
he
is
a
suitable
man
for
the
job,
is
he?
我认为他不是做那项工作的合适人选，不是吗？
(6)“祈使句＋反意疑问部分”型反意疑问句中，反意疑问部分一般用“will
you”。
Have
a
little
more
coffee,
will
you?
再来点咖啡，好吗？
Don’t
close
the
door,
will
you?
别关门，好吗？
(7)以Let’s开头的祈使句对应的简略问句用shall
we；以let
us开头的陈述句对应的简略问句用will
you。
Let’s
meet
at
the
school
gate,
shall
we?
我们校门口见，好吗？
Let
us
wait
in
the
reading
room,
will
you?
我们在阅览室等，好吗？
【针对练习】
用反意疑问句补全句子
(1)There
is
little
doubt
in
your
mind
that
he
is
innocent(无辜的)，______________？
(2)He
hardly
gets
up
late,
______________？
(3)Everyone
is
here,
__________？
(4)Let
us
do
it
now,
______________？
(5)—Mike
seldom
has
breakfast
at
home,
________？
—No,
but
he
did
this
morning.
(6)I
don’t
think
Michael
has
finished
the
report,
__________？
【答案】(1)is
there　(2)does
he　(3)aren’t
they
(4)will
you　(5)does
he　(6)has
he
2．(P109)…there
will
be
no
rhinos
left
in
the
world
in
20
years.
【翻译】二十年后，世界上将没有犀牛剩下了。
【句式解读】
本句中的left是leave的过去分词，意为“剩下”。它修饰前面的名词rhinos。
【句式提升】
(1)过去分词作定语分为前置和后置两种情况：
①前置定语：单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰词之前，但有些单个的过去分词习惯上放在所修饰词语的后面，如left。
②后置定语：过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
This
is
one
of
our
required
subjects.
这是我们的必修课之一。
There
is
little
time
left.
Let’s
hurry
up.
剩余时间不多了，我们快点吧。
It
is
one
of
the
funniest
things
found
on
the
Internet
so
far
this
year.
＝It
is
one
of
the
funniest
things
have
been
found
on
the
Internet
so
far
this
year.
这是今年到目前为止在因特网上所发现的最有趣的事情之一。
(2)过去分词作定语常用来修饰名词或代词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词或代词。过去分词表示被动、完成(不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成)。
This
is
a
used
stamp.
这是一张用过的邮票。(表示被动和完成)
They
are
cleaning
the
fallen
leaves
in
the
yard.
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。(只表示完成)
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)A
survey
__________(make)at
the
end
of
last
month
suggests
that
80%
of
the
students
in
our
school
will
study
science
in
the
future.
(2)Jim
has
retired,
but
he
still
remembers
the
happy
time
__________(spend)with
his
students.
(3)The
producer
comes
regularly
to
collect
cameras
______________(return)to
our
shop
for
quality
problems.
【答案】(1)made　(2)spent　(3)returned
翻译句子
(4)我上周从图书馆借了一本马克·吐温写的书。
【答案】I
borrowed
a
book
(which/that
was)
written
by
Mark
Twain
from
the
library
last
week.
随堂知能小练
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．It
is
an
fact
that
________(塑料的)
bags
are
still
widely
used
in
our
daily
life.
2．The
river
flooded
last
summer
and
the
bridge
was
totally
________(毁掉)
in
the
floods.
3．As
we
know,
iron,
paper,
glass,
etc.,
can
be
all
________(回收)．
4．Many
wild
animals
in
this
forest
are
now
under
________(威胁)
because
of
air
pollution.
5．It
is
not
allowed
to
________(猎杀)
wild
animals
in
many
countries
of
the
world.
6．Many
wild
animals
have
been
________(灭绝的)
for
various
reasons.
7．Mr.Brown
told
the
students
a
very
________(有教育意义的)
story.
8．Please
turn
on
the
TV
set
and
________(转换成)over
to
CCTV
7．
9．If
you
have
something
________(紧急的)
to
tell
me,
please
make
a
phone
call
to
me.
10．Now
if
you
act
________(非法地)
on
the
high
speed
train,
you
will
be
fined.
【答案】1．plastic　2．destroyed　3．recycled　
4．threat　5．hunt　6．extinct　
7．informative　8．switch　9．urgent
10．illegally
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．We
must
try
our
best
to
keep
our
environment
under
careful
________(conserve)．
2．Many
people
are
afraid
that
humans
are
on
the
way
to
________(destroy)．
3．Things
are
now
getting
________(incredible)
troublesome.
4．His
story
is
really
so________(inform)
that
you
can
really
benefit
from
it.
5．Would
you
like
to
attend
the
lecture
________
Professor
Wang
the
day
after
tomorrow?
6．________
you
know,
China
will
be
more
and
more
powerful
in
the
future.
7．You’d
better
come
back
as
soon
________
possible
because
your
mother
is
ill.
8．The
amounts
of
pollution
________(be)
getting
down
in
our
city
now.
9．Lily
has
to
stay
up
late
into
the
night
________(finish)
her
homework.
10．Each
of
us
has
a
role
________(play)
in
protecting
the
environment.
【答案】1．conservation　2．destruction　3．incredibly
4．informative　5．by　6．As　7．as　8．is　9．to
finish　10．to
play
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．________________，
our
city
is
getting
more
and
more
beautiful.
正如你所看到的，我们的城市变得越来越美丽。
【答案】As
you
can
see
2．________________
and
I
will
write
something
on
it.
请打开电脑，我要在上面写点东西。
【答案】Please
switch
on
the
computer
3．________________
on
smoking
because
he
is
out
of
work
now.
因为他现在失业了，他必须减少吸烟的费用。
【答案】He
has
to
cut
down
his
cost
4．Women
____________________
in
our
country.
妇女在我们国家起着重要的作用。
【答案】play
an
important
role/part
5．You
ought
to
finish
your
work
___________________.
你应该尽快完成你的工作。
【答案】as
soon
as
possible(共194张PPT)
UNIT
3　CONSERVATION
Period
Two　Lesson
1
课前自主预习
1．____________n．物种，种
2．____________adj.异常的；不平常的
3．____________adj.大量的
4．____________adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
5．____________vi.&
vt.减少；减少的量
species　
unusual　
mass　
varied　
decrease　
¤重点单词
6．____________vt.指责，责怪
7．____________vt.影响
8．____________adj.濒危的
9．____________adj.太阳光(能)的
10．____________vi.&
vt.(使)孵化
11．____________vt.(使)恢复
blame　
affect　
endangered　
solar　
hatch　
restore　
1．at
the
rate
of…
________________
2．be
based
on…
________________
3．lay
eggs
________________
4．be
at
high
risk
________________
5．wipe
out
________________
6．die
from
________________
¤重点词块
以……的速度/比例　
基于……　
产卵/下蛋　
高危；处境非常危险　
彻底毁灭　
死于　
7．up
to…
________________
8．in
short…
________________
9．according
to
________________
10．take
steps
________________
11．be
to
blame
________________
12．
be
at
risk
________________
高达……　
简而言之　
根据　
采取措施；执行步骤　
把……归咎于　
处境危险，受到威胁　
1．(P52)In
the
last
500
million
years,
__________________
five
times
when
life
on
Earth
has
almost
ended.
在过去的5亿年里，曾经有5次地球上的生命几乎灭绝了。
【答案】there
have
been
¤重点句式
2．(P53)______________________
human
activity
has
negatively
affected
all
other
species
on
Earth,
including
animals
and
plants.
很明显，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种，包括动物和植物都产生了负面影响。
【答案】It
is
clear
that
3．(P53)Without
forest,
we
____________
no
air
to
breathe.
没有森林，我们就没有呼吸的空气。
【答案】would
have
Ⅰ．判断正误
(　　)1．In
the
last
fifty
million
years,
life
on
earth
has
almost
died
out.
(　　)2．Human
activities
are
to
blame
for
the
previous
life
extinction.
¤课文预读
(　　)3．Human
activities
have
so
far
negatively
affected
life
on
the
earth.
(　　)4．Life
will
almost
die
out
in
the
sixth
mass
extinction.
(　　)5．Our
world
and
our
lives
depend
on
the
balance
in
nature
between
animals
and
plants.
【答案】1－5　FFTTT
Ⅱ．阅读理解
(　　)1．Why
does
the
author
mention
the
extinctions
in
history
in
the
first
paragraph?
A．To
show
us
the
terrible
disasters
for
mankind.
B．To
tell
us
the
climate’s
impact
on
wildlife.
C．To
introduce
the
topic
of
this
text
to
the
readers.
D．To
warn
us
of
the
potential
disasters
to
mankind.
(　　)2．What
worries
us
most
according
to
the
author?
A．The
destruction
of
our
habitats.
B．The
rapid
progress
of
life
extinction.
C．The
environmental
pollution.
D．The
imbalance
of
nature.
(　　)3．What
can
we
infer
from
the
third
paragraph?
A．Human
beings
are
closely
related
to
nature.
B．Most
living
things
will
die
out
in
the
future.
C．No
forest
will
exist
on
the
earth
in
the
future.
D．Oxygen
will
soon
disappear
on
the
earth.
(　　)4．What
does
the
author
intend
to
do
in
the
last
paragraph?
A．To
show
us
what
to
do
to
avoid
the
sixth
distinction.
B．To
tell
us
what
to
do
to
conserve
our
environment.
C．To
encourage
us
to
save
more
energy
in
our
life.
D．To
explain
why
to
protect
the
natural
environment.
(　　)5．What
is
the
author’s
attitude
towards
avoiding
the
sixth
extinction?
A．Pessimistic.　　　
B．Uncertain.
C．Ambiguous.
D．Optimistic.
【答案】1－5　CBAAD
课堂新知讲练
1．wipe
out
彻底毁灭
(P52)
Extinctions,
where
entire
species
are
wiped
out,
are
not
unusual
in
our
Earth’s
history.
【翻译】物种灭绝，即整个物种的完全消失，在地球历史上并不罕见。
◇词汇拓讲
【语言提升】
wipe
out是个多义词语，可以表示：
(1)彻底消灭，全部摧毁(具体的物品)
The
disease
threatens
to
wipe
out
the
entire
population.
这种疾病有可能毁灭整个种群。
The
whole
village
was
wiped
out
during
the
earthquake.
在地震中，整个村子都被毁掉了。
(2)去除，擦掉(抽象的东西)
I
really
hope
surgery
could
wipe
out
the
tired
feelings.
我真的希望手术可以去除这些疲劳的感觉。
The
incident
wiped
out
my
hope
completely.
那件事情把我所有的希望都破灭了。
wipe
sth.
down
(用湿布)彻底揩擦干净
She
took
a
cloth
and
wiped
down
the
kitchen
table.
她拿了一块布把厨房桌面擦得干干净净。
wipe
sth.
off/from
sth.
从……除掉(或抹掉)
Please
wipe
the
dust
off
the
chair.
请把灰尘从椅子上擦掉。
wipe
sth.
on/with
sth.
擦拭；抹；揩；蹭
Please
wipe
your
feet
on
the
mat.
请在垫子上蹭一蹭脚。
wipe
sth.
away＝wipe
sth.
out把某物清除掉
Wipe
away
the
tears
on
your
face,
but
you
can’t
take
the
pain
away.
擦去脸上的泪水，却带不走心中的痛楚。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)A
volcanic
eruption
nearly
______________
of
Montserrat
in
1997．
1997年的一次火山喷发差点把孟塞拉特这个小岛给毁灭了。
(2)A
disease
has
__________________.
一场疾病把他所有的记忆都抹去了。
(3)A
big
fire
____________________
.
一场大火把那座小木屋烧毁了。
单句语法填空
(4)Locusts
are
pests
but
they
aren’t
easily
wiped
________
by
their
enemies.
(5)After
a
serious
flu
outbreak
wipes
________
99．4%
of
the
world’s
population,
a
battle
unfolds
between
good
and
evil
among
those
left.
(6)While
they
can’t
wipe
________
the
strain
of
the
past,
they
can
certainly
move
forward.
(7)Haze
Mabry,
who
has
worked
as
a
school
keeper
for
thirteen
years,
walks
into
the
school
building
every
day
and
empties
garbage
cans,
wipes
________
bathrooms
and
mops
wet
messes
in
the
hallways.
(8)Then
I
wiped
the
dust
________
all
the
furniture
and
mopped
the
floors.
【答案】(1)wiped
out
the
small
island
(2)wiped
out
all
his
memories
(3)wiped
out
the
small
wooden
house
(4)out　(5)out　(6)away　(7)down　(8)off
2．unusual
adj.异常的；不平常的
(P52)
Extinctions,
where
entire
species
are
wiped
out,
are
not
unusual
in
our
Earth’s
history.
【翻译】物种灭绝，即整个物种的完全消失，在地球历史上并不罕见。
【语言提升】
unusual
adj.不寻常的；罕见的；独特的；与众不同的
not
unusual
常见的；普遍的
It
is
unusual
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.
做某事对某人来说是不寻常的。
It
is
unusual
that
sb.do
sth.某人做某事是不寻常的。
It’s
not
unusual
for
him
to
feel
very
angry
in
a
situation
like
this.
在像这样的情况下他觉得非常生气并不罕见。
He
was
an
unusual
man
with
great
business
talents.
他不同凡响，很有商业天赋。
It
is
not
unusual
that
she
reaches
out
her
helping
hand.
她经常出手相帮。
【温馨提示】
un-是常见的否定前缀，常可加形容词表示相反的状态。常见的有：unknown(未知的)，unsafe(不安全的)，unpleasant(使人不愉快的),
unhappy(不高兴的)等。
【词汇拓展】
unusually
adv.
不寻常地
usual
adj.
通常的
than
usual
比平时
as
usual
像平常那样
usually
adv.
通常地
【语境助记】
It
is
unusual
that
the
rain
suddenly
falls
today,
but
he
still
goes
running
in
the
park
as
usual.
He
usually
says,
“Once
you
have
got
into
the
habit
of
exercising,
you
will
stick
to
it.”
不寻常的是，今天突然下起雨来，但是他仍然像往常一样在公园里跑步。他经常说，“你一旦养成了锻炼的习惯，就会坚持。”
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Chopsticks
are
________(usual)
two
long,
thin
pieces
of
wood
or
bamboo.
They
can
also
be
made
of
plastic,
animal
bone
or
metal.
(2)This
time,
we
stayed
together,
in
case
anything
else
________(usual)
happened.
(3)But
a
few
days
ago,
this
ancient
town
was
________(usual)
full
of
people.
【答案】(1)usually　(2)unusual　(3)unusually
翻译句子
(4)史密斯照例是最后一个到达教室的。
【答案】As
usual,
Smith
was
the
last
one
to
arrive
at
the
classroom.
(5)在英国找到一个这么大的湖泊是不寻常的。
【答案】It
is
unusual
to
find
a
lake
of
this
size
in
Britain.
3．mass
adj.大量的
(P52)
These
include
the
third
mass
extinction,
known
as
the
“Great
Dying”，
which
killed
90%
to
96%
of
all
species.
【翻译】这些包括被称为“大灭绝”的第三次物种大灭绝，它杀死了90%到96%的物种。
【语言提升】
(1)mass
n．大量，许多；
团，块，堆；群众，民众
a
mass
of许多，
一堆
masses
of许多，大量的(泛指)
the
mass
of大量的(特指)
in
mass整个地，全部地
the
masses群众，平民百姓
There
is
a
mass
of
snow
in
front
of
the
house.
在房子前面有一堆雪。
Mary
always
seems
to
have
a
mass
of
things
to
do.
玛丽似乎总是有一大堆事情要做。
There
were
masses
of
people
in
the
shop
yesterday.
昨天商店里人如潮涌。
The
trains
provide
cheap
and
comfortable
travel
for
the
masses.
火车给大众提供了便宜、舒适的出行方式。
(2)mass
adj.大量的；群众的，民众的；大规模的
mass
production批量生产
mass
culture大众文化
mass
media大众传媒
mass
production批量生产，大量生产
His
design
was
accepted
and
began
to
enter
mass
production.
他的设计被采纳，并开始大量生产。
【温馨提示】
a
mass
of/masses
of后可跟可数名词复数，也可跟不可数名词。“a
mass
of/masses
of＋n.”
作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后面名词的数保持一致。如：
There
were
masses
of
children
playing
in
the
yard.
院子里有很多孩子在玩耍。
There
is
mass
of
work
for
her
to
do.
她有一大堆的工作要做。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)A
mass
________
colors
—
from
the
palest
ivory
to
the
deepest
lemon
and
then
to
the
most
vivid
pink
—
shone
like
a
carpet
before
us.
(2)The
polar
bear
is
found
in
the
Arctic
Circle
and
some
big
land
________(mass)
as
far
south
as
Newfoundland.
(3)It’s
time
to
have
lunch,
so
I
think
there
surely
are
________(mass)
of
people
in
the
dining
room.
(4)With
forests
destroyed,
masses
of
fertile
soil
________(be)
being
washed
away
each
year.
完成句子
(5)Self-driving
vehicles
still
have
a
long
way
to
go
before
they
reach
________________
stage.
自动驾驶汽车在进入大规模生产阶段之前还有很长的路要走。
(6)One
hour
before
the
news
conference，__________
journalists
were
in
the
hall.
在新闻发布会开始前一小时，大厅里已经有很多记者了。
(7)我开始认真筛选大量的证据。
I
began
sifting
through
________________.
【答案】(1)of　(2)masses　(3)masses　(4)is
(5)mass
production　(6)a
mass
of/masses
of
(7)the
mass
of
evidence
4．varied
adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
(P52)
The
reasons
for
extinctions
are
varied.
【翻译】物种灭绝的原因多种多样。
【语言提升】
varied
adj.不同的，多变的，各种各样的，形形色色的(＝various)
Representatives
from
varied
parts
of
the
country
have
arrived
in
Beijing.
来自全国各地的代表们到达了北京。
The
choir
has
a
varied
program
of
concerts
throughout
the
year.
合唱队有一个全年举行各种各样音乐会的计划。
He
led
a
full
and
varied
life.
他过着丰富多彩的生活。
【词汇拓展】
vary
vi.(根据情况)变化，改变；(大小、形状等)相异，不同
vary
with…随……而变化
vary
from…不同于……
vary
in…在……方面不同、有差异
vary
from…to…从……到……不等/不同
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The
three
groups
of
violinists
________(vary)
a
lot
in
their
practice
times
last
month.
(2)In
2020,
World
Wildlife
Day
celebrates
biodiversity,
including
wild
fauna
and
flora,
in
all
its
________(vary)
and
beautiful
forms.
(3)I
like
reading
books
very
much,
especially
storybooks,
varying
from
Chinese
stories
________
English
stories.
(4)Changes
in
price
normally
vary
________
changes
of
supply
and
need.
(5)Though
Lucy
and
Lily
are
twins,
they
vary
________
character.
【答案】(1)varied　(2)varied　(3)to　(4)with　(5)in
5．decrease
vi.&
vt.减少
n．减少；减少的量
(P52)
According
to
scientists,
they
include
volcanic
eruptions,
asteroids
hitting
the
Earth
from
space,
changes
in
sea
levels,
the
decrease
of
the
oxygen
content
of
the
sea
and
global
warming.
【翻译】根据科学家的说法，它们包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋含氧量减少和全球变暖。
【语言提升】
(1)decrease
vi.&
vt.(使大小、数量等)减少，减小，降低
decrease
by…
减少了……(表示减少的比例)
decrease
to…减少到……(表示减少后的数量)
decrease
in…在……方面减少
People
planted
trees
on
the
waste
hills
to
decrease
soil
erosion.
人们在荒丘上种植了树木，以减少水土流失。
The
number
of
the
students
in
our
school
has
decreased
to
1,200．
我们学校的学生数量已减少到1,200人。
Compared
with
last
year,
the
price
of
wheat
has
decreased
by
15%
this
year.
和去年相比，今年小麦的价格已降低了15%。
(2)decrease
n．减少，降低(可数或不可数)
a
decrease
in…在……方面减少
on
the
decrease在减少
There
has
been
a
decrease
in
the
number
of
young
people
out
of
work.
失业青年人数已经有所下降。
The
demand
for
corn
is
on
the
decrease
each
year
in
this
country.
这个国家对玉米的需求量在逐年减少。
【词汇拓展】
increase
vi.&vt.(使)增长，增多，增加
n．增长，增多，增加
increase
to…增加到……(表示增加后的量)
increase
by…增加了……(表示增加了多大的比例)
on
the
increase在增加
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)In
recent
years
some
Inuit
people
in
Nunavut
reported
increases
________
bear
sightings
around
human
settlements.
(2)In
September,
an
Australian
Senate
committee
reported
that
there
was
no
question
the
koala’s
population
is
________
the
decrease.
(3)Also
power
walking
________(decrease)
the
risks
of
serious
diseases
like
high
blood
pressure,
heart
attacks
and
certain
types
of
cancers.
(4)The
accidents
have
decreased
________
20%
since
the
measures
were
taken.
(5)The
crime
rate
in
this
area
has
decreased
________
the
lowest
level
nowadays.
(6)Tea
is
still
a
large
part
of
daily
life
in
the
UK
today,
but
it
seems
to
be
________
the
decrease.
(7)Experts
predicted
the
average
global
temperature
will
increase
________
3
℃
over
the
next
century.
【答案】(1)in　(2)on　(3)decreases　(4)by　(5)to　(6)on　(7)by
6．die
out灭绝，死光
(P52)
Although
it
is
not
unusual
for
species
to
die
out
naturally,
the
rate
at
which
this
is
now
happening
is
cause
for
concern.
【翻译】虽然物种自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在这种情况发生的速度令人担忧。
【语言提升】
die
out意为
“灭绝，死光，消失”
This
species
has
nearly
died
out
because
its
habitat
is
being
destroyed.
因栖息地正受到破坏，这一物种已濒临灭绝。
To
our
sadness,
many
old
customs
are
gradually
dying
out.
让我们伤心的是，许多旧习俗都在渐渐消失。
die
off相继死去，先后死去
die
down逐渐变弱，逐渐平息
die
from/of死于……
die
away逐渐减弱，逐渐消失
be
dying
for
sth./to
do
sth.渴望某物/做某事
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The
prey
species
they
directly
attack
will
die
________.
(2)In
2016,
just
over
400,000
people
died
________
the
disease.
(3)So
far
worldwide,
it
is
reported
that
more
than
90,000
people
have
been
infected
with
the
new
coronavirus
and
more
than
3,000
have
died
________
less
than
three
months.
(4)So
we
did
what
anyone
would
do
when
pressed
for
time
and,
actually
lost:
we
got
ice
cream.
I’m
not
sure
if
it
was
because
of
the
ice
cream,
but
at
that
point,
any
fear
I
had
died
________.
【答案】(1)out　(2)from　(3)in　(4)down
7．blame
vt.责怪，指责
(P52)
This
time,
human
activity
will
be
to
blame.
【翻译】这一次，人类活动应受到指责。
【语言提升】
blame
vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于
blame
sb.for
(doing)
sth.因(做)某事责备某人
blame
sth.on
sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事
be
to
blame
for
(doing)
sth.因(做)某事应受责备；
对(做)某事负有责任(不定式用主动形式表示被动意义)
Don’t
blame
him
for
breaking
that
vase；he
is
a
child
after
all.
别怪他打碎了那个花瓶。他毕竟是个孩子。
They
blamed
the
failure
of
the
business
on
the
economic
downturn.
他们把生意的失败归咎于经济衰退。
The
hot
weather
is
partly
to
blame
for
the
water
shortage.
炎热的天气是缺水的部分原因。
blame
n．责任，责备
take/bear
the
blame
for
sth.
承担某事的责任
lay/put
the
blame
(for
sth.)
on…
把(某事的)责任归咎于……
We
were
ready
to
take
the
blame
for
what
had
happened.
我们准备对所发生的事承担责任。
Health
officials
put
the
blame
for
the
disease
on
poor
housing
conditions.
卫生官员们将该疾病归咎于恶劣的住房条件。
【语境助记】
He
is
blamed
for
the
big
mistake,
but
he
blamed
it
on
others.
In
fact,
it
is
he,
not
others,
that
is
to
blame
for
it.
他因这次严重的错误受到了责备，但他把它归咎于别人。事实上，应该是他，而不是别人，要对此负责。
【考向追踪】
高考通常从以下几个角度设题对blame进行考查：
(1)to
blame作表语或定语时要用主动形式表示被动意义；
(2)通过非谓语结构对blame进行考查；
(3)blame后的介词既可以用on又可以用for，on表示责怪的对象，
for表示责怪的起因。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Our
task
now
is
not
________(blame)
the
past，but
to
plan
for
the
future.
(2)Chavis
is
among
a
growing
number
of
teachers,
parents
and
health
experts
who
believe
that
smart
phones
are
now
partly
to
blame
________
increasing
the
levels
of
student
anxiety.
(3)Joel
blamed
Harry
________
using
all
of
the
bug
spray.
Harry
told
Joel
he
smelled
terrible,
and
Joel
called
Harry
a
coward.
(4)Lots
of
people
find
it
hard
to
get
up
in
the
morning,
and
put
the
blame
________
the
alarm
clock.
【答案】(1)to
blame　(2)for　(3)for　(4)on
8．affect
vt.影响
(P53)
It
is
clear
that
human
activity
has
negatively
affected
all
other
species
on
Earth,
including
animals
and
plants.
【翻译】很明显，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种，包括动物和植物都产生了负面影响。
【语言提升】
affect
vt.影响；感染；假装
The
south
of
the
country
was
worst
affected
by
the
drought.
这个国家南方旱情最严重。
From
the
experience
I
learned
how
the
attitude
of
the
leader
affected
the
members
of
a
team.
从这次经历中，我懂得了领导者的态度是如何影响团队成员的。
affect
vt.(感情上)深深打动(一般用被动形式);
使悲伤(或怜悯等)
He
was
deeply
affected
by
the
music.
那段音乐深深打动了他。
affect
vt.(指疾病)侵袭，感染
The
disease
is
beginning
to
affect
her
brain.
疾病开始侵袭她的大脑。
【词汇拓展】
affection
n．影响；喜爱，钟爱
have/show
affection
for
sb/sth.钟爱某人或某物
affections爱情
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)It
is
certain
that
people’s
views
on
happiness
________
(affect)
greatly
by
their
own
life
experience.
(2)His
mother
had
a
deep
________(affect)
for
him.
(3)When
I
make
a
business
decision,
it
comes
naturally
for
my
decision
to
be
made
in
the
common
interest
of
all
involved
because
every
day
I
see
the
people
________(affect)
by
my
decision
—
my
neighbors,
my
customers,
and
my
employees
as
well
as
the
natural
world.
(4)Instead
of
spreading
misinformation
and
fueling
fearful
thoughts,
we
should
do
everything
we
can
to
support
those
who
are
affected
________
events
such
as
the
COVID-19
outbreak.
(5)Both
of
us
had
the
qualities
and
virtues
that
are
typical
of
American
actors:
humorous,
aggressive,
and
making
fun
of
each
other
—
but
always
with
an
underlying
________(affect)．
【答案】(1)are
affected　(2)affection　(3)affected　(4)by　(5)affection
9．up
to高达……
(P53)
If
a
sixth
mass
extinction
occurs,
scientists
who
have
studied
the
issue
believe
that
up
to
three
quarters
of
all
species
on
Earth
could
die
out.
【翻译】研究这一问题的科学家们认为，如果第六次物种大灭绝发生，地球上多达四分之三的物种将会灭绝。
【语言提升】
本句中的up
to意为“高达(某个数量)……”，还可以表示：
(1)“达到……程度或数量”
The
spokesman
said
the
high
speed
train
could
speed
up
to
350
kilometers
per
hour.
发言人说，高铁的速度最高可达每小时350千米。
Our
team
played
up
to
its
best
in
the
last
football
league.
我们的足球队在上届联赛中发挥了最高水平。
(2)“直到……为止”，相当于till或until
up
to
now直到现在(常与现在完成时连用)
up
to
then直到那时(常与过去完成时连用)
Please
feel
free
to
call
me
any
time
up
to
half
past
nine
at
night.
晚上9点半之前任何时间你都可以给我打电话。
Up
to
now，the
writer
has
written
six
stories，three
of
which
are
about
country
life.
到现在为止，这位作家写了6个故事，其中有3个是关于乡村生活的。
(3)“(体力或智力上)能胜任”
I’m
afraid
Tim
just
isn’t
up
to
the
job.
恐怕蒂姆干不了这份工作。
You
needn’t
go
back
to
school
if
you
don’t
feel
up
to
it.
你要是觉得身体还不是很好的话，就不一定要回去上学。
(4)表示“是(某人)的责任，由……决定，取决于”
It’s
up
to
sb.
to
do
sth.做某事是某人的职责。/做某事由某人决定。
It’s
up
to
sb.＋whether/how/when…是否/如何/何时/……由某人决定。
It’s
up
to
you.(交际用语)由你决定。
It’s
up
to
the
travel
companies
to
warn
customers
of
any
possible
dangers.
旅游公司有义务预先告知游客任何可能的危险。
Now
that
the
tool
is
available
to
you,
it
is
up
to
you
how
to
use
it.
既然这个工具你能用，那么怎么使用它取决于你。
—Shall
we
go
out
for
dinner
or
eat
at
home?
我们是要出去吃饭还是在家吃呢？
—It’s
up
to
you.
由你决定。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Almost
one
in
ten
admits
spending
up
________
three
hours
outside
their
normal
working
day
checking
work
emails.
(2)Up
to
now,
the
program
________(save)
thousands
of
children
who
would
otherwise
have
died.
(3)It
is
up
to
you
________(decide)
when
to
go
shopping.
(4)He,
up
to
then,
________(find)
a
good
subject
to
write
about.
【答案】(1)to　(2)has
saved　(3)to
decide　(4)had
found
10．be
at
risk
处境危险，受到威胁
(P53)
Of
course,
as
we
humans
depend
on
so
many
species
for
our
survival,
we
would
also
be
at
risk
of
dying
out.
【翻译】当然，由于我们人类的生存依赖如此之多的物种，我们也会面临灭绝的危险。
【语言提升】
(1)at
risk
(from/of
sth.)有危险；冒风险
As
with
all
diseases,
certain
groups
will
be
more
at
risk
than
others.
所有的疾病都是如此，一些人比另一些人更容易受到威胁。
(2)at
the
risk
of
doing
sth.冒着……的风险
At
the
risk
of
showing
my
ignorance,
how
exactly
does
the
Internet
work?
也许我难免显得无知，可互联网到底是怎么运行的呢？
(3)at
risk
to
oneself/sb./sth.冒着伤及……的危险
He
dived
in
to
save
the
dog
at
considerable
risk
to
his
own
life.
他冒着相当大的生命危险跳到水里去救那只狗。
(4)do
sth.
at
your
own
risk
(常见于告示)自担风险；责任自负
Persons
swimming
beyond
this
point
do
so
at
their
own
risk.
游泳者越过此界限后果自负。
Valuables
are
left
at
their
owner’s
risk.
贵重物品需看管，否则风险自负。
(5)run
a
risk
(of
sth./of
doing
sth.)冒风险；有……的危险
People
who
are
overweight
run
a
risk
of
a
heart
attack
or
stroke.
超重的人有犯心脏病和中风的危险。
(6)run
the
risk
(of
sth./
of
doing
sth.)
冒……的危险；冒险(做某事)
We
don’t
want
to
run
the
risk
of
losing
their
business.
我们不想冒险失去他们的生意。
Investment
is
all
about
running
risks.
投资就是要冒风险。
(7)take
a
risk/
take
risks
to
do
sth.冒险(做某事)
That’s
a
risk
I’m
not
prepared
to
take.
我不愿意去冒这个险。
You
have
no
right
to
take
risks
with
other
people’s
lives.
你没有权利拿别人的生命去冒险。
(8)reduce/cut
the
risk
of
(doing)
sth.减少(做)某事的危险
As
we
all
know,
it
can
reduce
the
risk
of
contracting
the
virus.
我们都知道，它可以降低感染病毒的风险。
(9)lower
the
risk
of
(doing)
sth.降低危险
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)Due
to
the
outbreak
of
the
novel
coronavirus
pneumonia
(NCP),
people
all
over
the
world
are
wearing
masks
to
________
_______________(减少感染的危险)．
(2)For
example,
Shanghai
is
_________________________
(有极大的危险)
because
of
the
large
population
of
migrant
workers,
but
the
stress
level
is
not
in
the
high
level.
(3)Consider
the
recent
announcements
from
the
front
lines
of
medical
research：－A
study
concluded
that
women
who
consume
as
little
as
two
servings
of
fish
a
week
________________(减少她们的危险)
suffering
a
stroke
to
half
that
of
women
who
eat
less
than
one
serving
of
fish
a
month.
(4)Jacob
Sattelmair,
from
Harvard
University
has
done
a
study
into
how
much
exercise
is
needed
to
________________(降低危险)
of
heart
attacks.
【答案】(1)reduce/cut
the
risk
of
infection
(2)at
high
risk　
(3)cut/lower
their
risk
of
(4)cut/lower
the
risk
11．survive
v．幸存；存活
(P53)Without
forests,
we
would
have
no
air
to
breathe,
and
without
clean
water,
we
would
be
unable
to
survive.
【翻译】没有森林，我们就没有空气呼吸；没有清澈的水，我们就无法生存。
【语言提升】
(1)survive
on
sth.依靠……生活
Human
life
is
regarded
as
part
of
nature
and,
as
such,
the
only
way
for
us
to
survive
is
to
live
in
harmony
with
nature.
人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，就这一点而论，我们生存的唯一方式是与自然和谐相处。
Her
parents
died
in
the
accident,
but
she
survived.
她的父母在那次事故中丧生了，但她活过来了。
How
do
you
survive
on
such
a
low
salary?
你是如何靠这么低的工资维持生计的？
(2)survive
vt.幸存，幸免于难。其宾语通常是war,
accident,
flood,
fire,
earthquake,
air
crash等。
Only
one
baby
survived
the
terrible
car
crash.
在那次严重的汽车撞车事故中只有一个婴儿生还。
(3)survive
vt.比……活(或存在)的时间长
survive
sb.
by＋时间段
比某人多活……
She
survived
her
husband
by
ten
years.
丈夫死后她又活了十年。
【词汇拓展】
survival
n．[U]幸存，生存，存活(不可数)
survivor
n．幸存者，生还者(可数)
【语境助记】
Mr.Green
was
one
of
the
survivors
who
survived
the
earthquake.
Everyone
said
his
survival
was
a
wonder.
格林先生是这次地震的幸存者之一。每个人都说他的存活是一个奇迹。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)And
there
are
other
opportunities
for
germs
to
survive
________
turkeys:
melting
and
cooking.
(2)From
the
very
beginning
of
his
life,
he
was
dependent
on
medication
to
enable
him
________(survive)．
(3)We
depend
on
wildlife
and
on
the
planet’s
rich
biodiversity
for
our
________(survive)
and
well-being.
(4)The
only
________(survive)
of
a
shipwreck
was
washed
up
on
a
small
island
where
no
one
lived.
(5)They
also
________(survive)
close
encounters
with
elephants
in
Uganda
and
Botswana
and
an
accident
in
Malaysia.
【答案】(1)on　(2)to
survive　(3)survival　(4)survivor
(5)survived
12．lay
vt.&vi.产(卵)
(P53)
Only
one
of
those
birds,
a
female
called
Old
Blue,
was
able
to
lay
eggs.
【翻译】在这些鸟中，只有一只叫做“老蓝”的雌性鸟能下蛋。
【语言提升】
lay
vt.&vi.产(卵)，下(蛋)
The
cuckoo
lays
its
eggs
in
other
birds’
nests.
杜鹃在其他鸟的巢中产蛋。
The
hens
are
not
laying
well.
母鸡现在不爱下蛋。
lay
vt.(尤指轻轻地或小心地)放置，安放，
搁
She
laid
the
baby
down
gently
on
the
bed.
她把婴儿轻轻地放在床上。
lay
aside把……放在一边；留存备用
lay
down放下；中断(工作)，辞(职)
lay
off解雇
lay
out摆开，展开；布置，策划
lay
the
table摆餐具(相当于set
the
table)
lay
stress
on…
强调……
【易混辨析】
lay/lie
动词
汉语
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
lie
说谎
lied
lied
lying
lie
平躺
lay
lain
lying
lay
放置
laid
laid
laying
lay
下蛋
laid
laid
laying
【记忆口诀】
规则撒谎，不规则躺；放和下蛋，形式一样
【针对练习】
用lay的相关短语完成句子
(1)The
factory
had
to
________
some
workers
due
to
the
financial
crisis.
(2)She
________
all
her
new
clothes
on
the
bed
and
tried
them
on
one
by
one.
(3)When
supper
was
ready,
her
mother
told
her
to
________.
用lay或lie的适当形式填空
(4)He
________
a
hand
on
my
shoulder
for
comfort
just
now.
(5)We
were
________
on
the
grass
when
it
began
to
rain.
(6)He
________
about
his
career
experience
to
his
manager
when
he
came
here.
【答案】(1)lay
off　(2)laid
out　(3)lay
the
table　(4)laid　(5)lying　(6)lied
1．(P52)
In
the
last
500
million
years,
there
have
been
five
times
when
life
on
Earth
has
almost
ended.
【翻译】在过去的5亿年里，曾经有5次地球上的生命几乎灭绝。
◇句式解读
【句式剖析】
不少同学对本句中的there
have
been
five
times结构感到困惑，他们认为there
be结构是不可以同have连用的。实际上，我们所说的there
be结构，不同于have用作实义动词，表示“有”的时候。本句的have是一个助动词，同后面的been构成现在完成时。
【句式提升】
(1)there
be结构的各种时态。there
be结构中的be动词可以根据具体情况，有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、be
going
to结构、used
to结构等。
There
will
be
heavy
snow
next
week
according
to
weather
report.
根据天气预报，下周将有大雪。
There
is
going
to
be
a
flower
show
in
our
town
next
week.
下周我镇将会有一个花展。
There
used
to
be
a
tower
by
the
river.
河边曾经有一座塔。
(2)there
be结构还可以根据具体的情况，同情态动词或seem，happen，remain等连用。
There
must
be
someone
to
meet
you
when
you
arrive.
你到了后，一定会有人接你的。
There
seems
to
be
someone
crying
in
the
next
room.
似乎隔壁有人在哭。
There
happened
to
be
a
bus
waiting
at
the
bus
stop.
在公交站碰巧有一辆车等着。
(3)there
be句型中，be动词有时可用lie,
stand,
live,
exist等替换，表示某个时候或某地有某物。
On
the
southwest
frontier
of
China,
there
lie
many
forests
where
live
a
great
variety
of
plants
and
animals.
在中国西南边陲有许多森林，生存着各种各样的植物和动物。
Long
long
ago,
there
lived
an
emperor
who
loved
horses.
很久以前，有一位国王非常喜欢马。
There
stands
a
tree
in
front
of
the
house.
房子前面有一棵树。
There
exists
an
argument
about
the
arrangement
for
the
holidays.
对于安排度假之事存在争论。
Although
there
is
more
female
participation
in
IT,
there
remains
a
significant
imbalance
of
senior
positions
between
men
and
women.
虽然有更多的女性参与到IT行业，但在高级职位方面，男性和女性之间仍然存在着严重的不平衡。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)Between
the
two
buildings,
________________
in
which
a
few
children
are
swimming.
在这两幢楼之间有一个游泳池，里面有几个孩子在游泳。
(2)The
moment
our
class
meeting
was
over,
__________________
a
heated
discussion.
班会一结束，接着就是一场激烈的讨论。
(3)________________
no
ideal
solution
to
these
tough
problems.
对于这些棘手的问题似乎没有理想的解决办法。
(4)________________
a
policeman
there
when
we
were
in
trouble.
当我们身处困境时，碰巧那儿有个警察。
(5)________________
lots
of
challenges
if
we
are
to
classify
garbage
in
a
short
time.
如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。
(6)While
Queensland
Rail
makes
every
effort
to
ensure
trains
run
as
scheduled,
________________
no
guarantee
of
connections
between
trains
or
between
train
services
and
bus
services.
昆士兰铁路力求确保列车运行计划，就无法保证火车或火车服务之间的连接和巴士服务。
【答案】(1)there
lies
a
swimming
pool　(2)there
followed　(3)There
seems
to
be　(4)There
happened
to
be　(5)There
will
still
be　(6)there
can
be
2．(P53)
It
is
clear
that
human
activity
has
negatively
affected
all
other
species
on
Earth,
including
animals
and
plants.
【翻译】很明显，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种，包括动物和植物都产生了负面影响。
【句式剖析】
本句中的It是一个形式主语。其后接的is
clear是一个系表结构。后面的that从句在句中作真正的主语。
【句式提升】
(1)it
is＋形容词(表语)＋that从句(真正的主语)。在这个结构中，that从句的谓语部分通常是“should＋动词原形”。
It
is
necessary
that
you
should
behave
well
at
school.
在学校你应该表现好一点。
(2)这句型中的表语，除了是形容词外，还可以是名词。
It
is
your
duty
that
you
should
take
good
care
of
your
parents.
照顾好你的父母是你的职责。
(3)这个句型中的that从句可以转换成动词不定式短语for
sb.
to
do
sth.
。
It
is
impossible
that
they
should
have
finished
so
much
work
in
such
a
short
time.
＝It
is
impossible
for
them
to
have
finished
so
much
work
in
such
a
short
time.
他们在这么短的时间内完成这么多的工作是不可能的。
(4)出现在这个句型中的形容词通常有：important，necessary，wrong，possible，impossible，basic，fundamental，vital，natural，common，strange，normal等。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)________
is
impossible
that
the
small
boy
should
have
driven
the
car
to
the
other
end
of
the
city.
(2)It
is
quite
true
________
Mike
has
got
the
first
prize
in
the
speech
contest
last
week.
(3)It
is
necessary
________
you
to
give
up
smoking
in
order
to
keep
healthy.
(4)It
is
vital
for
us
________(keep)
the
environment
clean.
【答案】(1)It　(2)that　(3)for　(4)to
keep
3．(P53)
Without
forest,
we
would
have
no
air
to
breathe…
【翻译】没有森林，我们就没有呼吸的空气……
【句式剖析】
本句的介词without引出的条件是一个假设的条件，句子的谓语动词这时就用虚拟语气。
【句式提升】
without引导虚拟条件时，谓语动词要使用虚拟语气。这时，谓语动词有如下三种形式：
(1)与现在事实相反；谓语部分：would/could/might
(not)
do
sth.
如：
Without
air,
man
couldn’t
exist
on
the
earth.
没有空气的话，人类将不能在地球上生存.
(2)与过去事实相反，谓语部分：would/could/might
(not)
have
done
sth.
如：
Without
your
help,
I
would
have
failed
the
exam
last
week.
没有你帮助的话，我上周考试可能就通不过了。
(3)与将来事实相反，谓语动词：would/could/might
(not)
do
sth.
如：
Without
your
ticket,
I
wouldn’t
be
able
to
go
to
the
concert
tomorrow.
要是没有你的票的话，
我明天就不能去听音乐会了。
【特别提醒】并不是without所在的句子谓语动词一定要用虚拟语气。如果它表示一种真实的情况时，就不能用虚拟语气。如：
How
did
you
finish
your
work
so
fast
without
any
help?
没人帮忙，你为何这么快就完成了工作？
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)Without
your
help,
________________(我就不会完成我的工作)yesterday.
(2)Without
the
Internet,
________________(我们的生活就不会那么舒服)
today.
【答案】(1)I
couldn’t
have
finished
my
work
(2)we
wouldn’t
be
so
comfortable
课文读练专训
Ⅰ．根据课文完成表格，每空不多于三个单词
The
Sixth
Extinction
Topic
introduction
1．________
of
extinction.
2．________：
the
third
mass
extinction,
the
fifth
extinction.
Reasons
for
extinction:
3．________，
asteroids
hitting
the
earth
from
space;
sea
level
changes,
the
decrease
of
the
oxygen
content
of
the
sea,
global
warming.
Major
concerns
Species
are
4．________
at
a
rapid
speed.
A
study
by
scientist.
Conclusion:
Human
activity
has
5．________
the
earth.
Consequence
of
the
6th
mass
extinction
6．________
of
all
life
on
the
earth
could
die
out.
【答案】1．Explanation　2．Historical
examples
3．volcanic
eruption　4．dying
out
5．negatively
affected　6．Three
quarters
7．How
to
avoid　8．endangered
species
9．lifestyles　10．farming
methods
7．________？
Save
8．______________.
Change
our
9．______________.
Improve
10．______________.
Ⅱ．课文语法填空
In
the
last
500
million
years,
there
have
been
five
times
when
life
on
Earth
has
almost
died
out.
Of
these
events,
the
third
mass
extinction,
which
is
also
known
1．________
the
“Great
Dying”，
killed
90%
to
96%
of
all
species.
The
fifth
event,
2．________
occurred
in
66
million
years
ago,
caused
the
death
of
dinosaurs.
All
these
events
took
place
due
to
3．________(vary)reasons.
It
is
estimated
that
the
sixth
mass
extinction
4．________(be)
just
coming
round.
And
this
time
it
is
us
human
beings
5．________
should
be
to
blame.
According
to
a
study
by
scientists,
species
are
dying
much
6．________(fast)
than
normal
nowadays
due
to
various
pollutions.
If
the
sixth
mass
7．________(extinct)
took
place,
up
to
three
quarters
of
all
species
8．________(die)
out,
including
human
beings.
In
order
to
avoid
such
disasters
from
taking
place,
we
should
take
immediate
steps
9．________(protect)
our
environment.
We
can
make
a
difference
by
changing
our
lifestyles
in
our
daily
life
and
work.
Only
by
10．________(work)
together,
can
we
slow
down
the
progress
of
global
warming
and
save
our
environment
in
the
end.
【答案】1．as　2．which　3．varied/various　
4．is　5．that
6．faster　7．extinction　
8．would
die　9．to
protect
10．working
Ⅲ．概要写作
根据课文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One
possible
version：
There
have
been
five
mass
extinctions
of
living
things
on
the
Earth
in
the
last
500
million
years
(要点1).
With
the
development
of
agriculture
and
industry,
more
and
more
pollution
have
been
done
to
the
Earth(要点2)．It
is
reported
that
over
three
quarters
of
life
on
Earth
would
die
out
if
the
sixth
extinction
took
place
(要点3).
To
avoid
such
tragedies
from
taking
place,
the
author
gives
us
some
suggestions
(要点4)．
突
破
语
法
【例句观察】
请认真理解句意，体会画线单词在句中的作用和语法功能。
1．Extinctions,
where
entire
species
are
wiped
out,
are
not
unusual
in
our
Earth’s
history.
2．In
the
last
500
million
years,
there
have
been
five
times
when
life
on
Earth
has
almost
ended.
?观察领悟
3．There
is
a
long
list
of
reasons
why
so
many
species
are
dying
out:
air
and
water
pollution,
forests
being
destroyed,
factory
farming
and
overfishing.
4．These
include
the
third
mass
extinction,
known
as
the
“Great
Dying”，
which
killed
90%
to
96%
of
all
species.
5．Tom
won
the
first
prize
in
the
competition,
which
made
his
parents
very
happy.
6．I
have
kept
in
mind
everything
that
you
told
me.
【我的领悟】
1．句1中，where是一个关系副词，引导一个________从句，修饰先行词________。其先行词表示一个场合或状况。where在从句中作________。
2．句2中，when是一个关系副词，引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词________。其先行词表示时间。when在从句中作________。
3．句3中，why是一个关系副词，引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词________。其先行词表示一个原因。why在从句中作________。
4．句4中，which是一个关系代词，引导一个非限制性的定语从句，对先行词________进行补充说明。which在从句中作________。
5．句5中，which是一个关系代词，引导一个定语从句。其先行词是前面的________。which在从句中作________。
6．本句中，that是一个关系代词，引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词________。that在从句中作________。
keys：1．定语；Extinctions；状语　2．times;
状语
3．reasons；状语　4．Great
Dying；主语
5．整个句子；
主语　6．everything;
宾语
一、两类定语从句的不同
所谓限制性定语从句就是对先行词进行修饰、限制的定语从句。这类从句如果去掉了，则句子的意思不完整。非限制性定语从句则是对先行词进行一个补充说明，去掉这个从句，句子意思依然完整。这两类定语从句主要有如下不同：
?限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
区别一：形式不同。限制性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。
区别二：功能不同。限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限制性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。
People
who
take
physical
exercise
live
longer.(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)
进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。
His
daughter,
who
is
in
Boston
now,
is
coming
home
next
week.(若把从句去掉，句子意义仍然完整)
他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。
区别三：翻译不同。在翻译定语从句时，一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限制性定语从句与主句分开。
He
is
the
man
whose
car
was
stolen.
他就是汽车被窃的那个人。
I’ve
invited
Jim,
who
lives
in
the
next
flat.
我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。
区别四：含义不同。
比较下面的两个句子：
I
have
a
sister
who
is
a
doctor.
我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)
I
have
a
sister,
who
is
a
doctor.
我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)
区别五：先行词不同。限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。
Peter
drove
too
fast,
which
was
dangerous.(which指drive
too
fast)
彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。
He
changed
his
mind,
which
made
me
very
angry.
(which指整个主句)
他改变了主意，这使我很生气。
注意：下列情形只能用非限制性定语从句：
1．当“不定数量词
(如some,
several)/数词＋of
which/
whom”
表示
“整体which或whom中的一部分”
的概念时。
We
saw
many
animals
in
the
zoo,
some
of
which
are
tigers.
There
are
fifteen
new
players
in
our
team,
two
of
whom
come
from
Canada.
2．当先行词为专有名词或被物主代词或指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
My
house,
which
I
bought
last
year,
has
got
a
lovely
garden.
Qingdao,
where
I
have
been
three
times,
is
an
attractive
city
to
foreigners.
二、非限制性定语从句的关系词
1．限制性定语从句的先行词往往是某一个词，但非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是句子的一部分，甚至是整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句一般由关系代词which或as引导，as引导的非限制性定语从句常用在as
is
said/known/expected/mentioned/reported/announced等结构中。
He
has
passed
the
college
entrance
examination,
which
makes
his
parents
quite
happy.
As
is
known
to
everybody,
the
moon
travels
round
the
Earth
once
every
month.
2．that
不可引导非限制性定语从句。如：
Her
father
gave
her
a
computer
for
her
birthday,
which
pleased
her
a
lot.
He
failed
in
the
driving
test
yesterday,
which
made
him
rather
unhappy.
3．why
不用在非限制性定语从句中，需用for
which代替。
I
told
them
the
reason,
for
which
I
didn’t
attend
the
party
last
week.
4．在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用
who代替whom，但whom在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。
This
is
the
girl
whom
(who)
I
have
been
in
love
with
for
six
years.
The
young
man
had
a
new
girl
friend,
whom
he
wanted
to
show
all
his
love
for.
5．关系代词省略。关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略；非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。
She
is
the
new
student
(whom/
who/
that)
I
want
to
introduce
to
you.
All
the
books
there,
which
have
beautiful
pictures
in
them,
were
written
by
him.
一、单句语法填空
1．In
ancient
China
lived
an
artist
________
paintings
were
almost
lifelike.
2．We
have
entered
into
an
age
________
dreams
have
the
best
chance
of
coming
true.
3．Their
baby
is
at
the
stage
________
she
can
say
individual
words
but
not
full
sentences.
?追踪练习
4．Now
Irene
Astbury
works
from
9
a．m.
to
5
p．m.
daily
at
the
pet
shop
in
Macclesfield，________
she
opened
with
her
late
husband
Les.
5．They
were
well
trained
by
their
masters
________
had
great
experience
with
caring
for
these
animals.
6．On
the
edge
of
the
jacket,
there
is
a
piece
of
cloth
________
gives
off
light
in
the
dark.
7．The
students
benefiting
most
from
college
are
those
________
are
totally
engaged
in
academic
life.
8．We
live
in
this
society
now
________
literally
someone
is
always
helping.
9．However,
Molai
went
looking
on
his
own
and
discovered
a
nearby
island
________
he
began
to
plant
trees.
10．To
do
this
I
have
searched
through
dozens
of
plays
to
find
the
ones
________
I
think
best
show
the
power
and
purpose
of
the
short
play.
11．The
village
lay
near
some
wetlands
________
became
his
second
home.
12．Judges
will
choose
up
to
50
honorable
mention
winners,
________
will
each
receive
a
T-shirt
in
memory
of
Earhart’s
final
flight.
【答案】1．whose　2．when　3．where　4．where　5．who
6．that/which　7．who/that　8．where　9．where
10．that　11．which/that　12．who
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．One
afternoon，________________(那时，我还在上小学),
I
was
walking
by
the
school
playground.
【答案】when
I
was
in
primary
school
2．In
the
cafe,
customers
will
enjoy
themselves
in
the
historical
environment
________________(为他们所创造的)．
【答案】which/that
is
created
for
them
3．She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work,
_____________
___________________(这有助于他们保持健康)．
【答案】which
helps
them
keep
fit
4．Kate,
____________________________(我和她共用一个房间)when
we
were
at
college,
has
gone
to
work
in
Australia.
【答案】who/whom
I
shared
a
room
with
5．The
stadium
____________________________(它的旁边有一家电影院)will
be
reconstructed.
【答案】beside
which
stands
a
theatre
随堂知能小练
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．The
________(不同的)
prices
of
the
sneakers
mainly
depend
on
the
size
of
their
e-panels.
2．If
we
stop
trying
to
improve
ourselves,
we’ll
find
that
our
skill
level
doesn’t
stay
on
the
same
level,
but
instead
________(减少)．
3．Joel
________(责备)
Harry
for
using
all
of
the
bug
spray.
Harry
told
Joel
he
smelled
terrible,
and
Joel
called
Harry
a
coward(懦夫)．
4．Reading
poetry
is
an
art
in
itself.
Whether
you’re
reading
someone
else’s
poem
or
your
own,
how
you
read
the
poem
can
________(影响)
the
meaning.
5．While
both
men
and
women
tend
to
focus
on
rewards
and
less
on
consequences
under
stress,
their
responses
to
________(冒险)
turn
out
to
be
different.
6．Will
then
the
remaining
one-third
of
the
world
be
able
to
________(活下来)on
its
own?
7．This
professor
discovered
some
rare
________(物种)
of
plants
deep
in
this
forest
last
summer.
8．Now
we
can
rely
on
the
________(太阳的)
energy
to
generate
electricity.
9．This
is
an
________(濒危的)kind
of
animal,
so
it
is
under
strict
protection.
10．After
a
short
break,
these
young
people
got
themselves
________(恢复)
soon.
【答案】1．varied　2．decreases　3．blamed　4．affect
5．risk　6．survive　7．species　8．solar　9．endangered
10．restore
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．A
heart
attack
victim
often
experiences
only
pain
and
shortness
of
breath
while
a
panic
attack
victim
________(usual)
suffers
more
symptoms
than
the
two
mentioned.
2．The
polar
bear
is
found
in
the
Arctic
Circle
and
some
big
land
________(mass)
as
far
south
as
Newfoundland.
3．In
2020,
World
Wildlife
Day
celebrates
biodiversity,
________
(include)
wild
fauna
and
flora,
in
all
its
varied
and
beautiful
forms.
4．Chavis
is
among
a
growing
number
of
teachers,
parents
and
health
experts
who
believe
that
smartphones
are
now
partly
to
blame
________
increasing
the
levels
of
student
anxiety.
5．It
is
certain
that
people’s
views
on
happiness
________
(affect)
greatly
by
their
own
life
experience.
6．In
a
new
look
at
the
impact
of
long-time
sitting
behavior
on
health,
a
new
study
links
time
watching
television
to
an
________
(increase)
risk
of
death.
7．We
depend
on
wildlife
and
on
the
planet’s
rich
biodiversity
for
our
________(survive)
and
well-being.
8．She
________(lie)
under
her
favorite
tree
in
a
soft
nest
of
shredder
(碎片)
wrapping
paper,
chewed-up
boxes,
and
curling
(缠绕)
bits
of
ribbon.
9．In
the
past
thirty
years,
there
________(be)
great
changes
in
every
field
of
life
in
our
country.
10．Without
your
help,
I
would
not
________(win)
the
first
prize
in
the
contest
last
term.
【答案】1．usually　2．masses　3．including　4．for
5．are
affected　6．increased　7．survival　8．lay
9．have
been　10．have
won
Ⅲ．翻译句子
1．从前有一位非常善良的农夫。(there
lived)
【答案】There
lived
a
very
kind
farmer
in
the
past.
2．我们镇是个著名的“鲜花之乡”。(be
known
as)
【答案】Our
town
is
known
as
home
of
flowers.
3．我们与同学们相处好是非常重要的。(it
is＋adj.＋that)
【答案】It
is
very
important
that
we
should
get
on
well
with
our
classmates.
4．今天由你负责洗碗。(be
up
to)
【答案】It
is
up
to
you
to
do
the
washing
today.
5．那个小孩有被洪水冲走的危险。(at
the
risk
of)
【答案】The
child
is
at
the
risk
of
being
carried
away
by
the
floods.(共88张PPT)
UNIT
3　CONSERVATION
Period
Three　Lesson
2
课前自主预习
1．______________n．包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料
2．______________n．消费者
3．______________adj.浪费的；挥霍的
4．______________vt.包，裹
5．______________n．交通运输系统，运输方式
6．______________n．灰尘，尘土
7．______________adj.现实的，实际的
packaging　
consumer　
wasteful　
wrap　
transportation　
dirt　
realistic　
¤重点单词
8．______________adj.新颖的，创新的，革新的
9．______________adj.可再填充的
10．______________adj.意识到的，明白的
11．______________n．收集；收藏品；专辑
12．______________adj.可再使用的，可重复使用的
13．______________adj.焦虑的，不安的
14．______________n．筷子
15．______________n．委员会；理事会
innovative　
refillable　
aware　
collection　
reusable　
anxious　
chopsticks　
council　
1．(用车)接送
________________
2．确保
________________
3．结束；死亡
________________
4．同意
________________
5．以便
________________
¤重点词块
pick
up　
make
sure　
end
up　
agree
with　
so
that　
6．废除；去掉
________________
7．扑灭
________________
8．对……有影响
________________
9．致力于
________________
10．有助于；带来；促成
________________
do
away
with　
put
out　
have
an
impact
on　
be
committed
to　
contribute
to　
1．(P109)
Supermarkets
want
to
__________________
coconuts
reach
the
consumer
in
the
best
condition.
超市想要确保消费者买到最好的椰子。
【答案】make
sure
that
¤重点句式
2．(P110)…the
packaging
should
be
changed
____________
it’s
recyclable.
……应该改变包装，使其可回收利用。
【答案】so
that
课堂新知讲练
1．set
out动身，出发
(P109)
In
the
week
when
the
government
sets
out
its
new
environmental
programme,
Kevin
McCabe
and
Alicia
Stewart
consider
the
problem
of
food
packaging
waste.
【翻译】在政府公布其新环境计划的这一周，凯文·麦凯布和艾丽西亚·斯图尔特讨论了食品包装浪费的问题。
◇词汇拓讲
【语言提升】
set
out＝set
off出发，动身
set
out
for
some
place
(＝set
off
for
some
place)
动身去某处
In
order
that
we
could
get
there
on
time,
we
should
set
out
early.
为了能按时到那里，我们应该早出发。
After
dinner,
I
decided
to
set
out/off
for
the
supermarket
to
buy
some
chocolate.
晚饭以后，我决定到超市买点巧克力。
set
out
(怀着目标)
开始工作，展开任务
set
out
to
do
sth.(＝set
about
doing
sth.)
开始做某事
On
arriving
at
the
village,
the
professor
set
out
to
study/set
about
studying
the
customs
of
the
natives.
一到这个村庄，教授就着手研究当地居民的风俗习惯。
set
out阐明，(有条理地)陈述
The
teacher
asked
us
to
set
out
our
points
in
a
logical
order
and
I
did
well.
老师要求我们有条理地陈述观点，我表现得不错。
set
off出发，动身；使(炸弹等)爆炸；引发
set
up设立，建起；创建
set
foot
in/on进入，访问，参观(某地)
set
down(＝put
down)
写下，记下
set
aside把……放到一旁；省出，留出(时间或钱)
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)That’s
why
Elian
set
out
________(discover)
how
much
caffeine
causes
high
blood
pressure.
(2)I
got
out
of
bed
early
and
set
________
on
time
but
then
the
bus
got
stuck
in
traffic.
(3)But
suppose
there
had
been
a
new
shop
set
________
in
the
town,
and
when
you
looked
in
at
the
open
door
you
saw
a
man
at
work
painting
a
picture.
(4)Because
of
the
way
our
brain
organizes
and
processes
linguistic
and
nonlinguistic
information,
a
single
word
can
set
________
a
domino
effect
(多米诺效应)
that
cascades
(像洪水般倾泻)
throughout
the
cognitive
system.
(5)She
gave
me
an
extra
binder
that
she
had
and
she
got
out
a
piece
of
paper,
and
set
about
________(write)
my
name
“Zoe”
in
a
cool
font(字体).
用set的相关短语填空
(6)From
mastering
music
to
beating
physical
challenges,
Darrius
Simmons
________
to
inspire
the
world.
(7)Finally,
after
a
long
walk,
we
reached
the
campsite
and
________
the
camp
as
the
sun
was
setting.
(8)Be
open
to
making
new
friends
as
soon
as
you
________
on
campus.
(9)You
had
better
________
some
time
every
day
for
sports
so
that
you
can
keep
yourself
energetic.
(10)We
________
to
paint
the
whole
house
but
finished
only
the
front
part
that
day.
【答案】(1)to
discover　(2)out/off　(3)up　(4)off　(5)writing　(6)sets
out　(7)set
up　(8)set
foot　(9)set
aside　(10)set
out
2．pick
up拿起，拾起
(P109)
When
I
picked
them
up,
I
was
amazed
that
each
coconut
was
wrapped
in
clear,
thin
plastic.
【翻译】当我把它们拿起来的时候，我惊讶地发现每个椰子都用透明的薄塑料包裹着。
【语言提升】
(1)pick
up
(跌倒后)站起来，与反身代词连用，构成pick
oneself
up
He
just
picked
himself
up
and
went
on
running.
他爬起来继续跑。
(2)pick
up捡起，拾起，拿起
The
boy
picked
up
the
hat
for
the
old
man.
那个男孩替老人拾起了帽子。
(3)pick
up
(碰巧或廉价地)买到；(偶然)得到，听到，学会
She
picked
up
a
valuable
first
edition
at
a
village
book
sale.
她在乡村图书展销会上买到一本珍贵的首版书。
She
picked
up
Spanish
when
she
was
living
in
Mexico.
她旅居墨西哥时顺便学会了西班牙语。
(4)pick
up搭载；(开车)接人；接收(信号、声音、图像等)；取回，收集；接电话；使(精神等)恢复；改善，好转
The
bus
picks
up
passengers
outside
the
airport.
公共汽车在机场外接送乘客。
We
drove
to
the
airport
the
next
morning
to
pick
up
Susan.
我们第二天早上开车去机场接苏珊。
We
picked
up
radio
signals
for
help
from
the
damaged
plane.
我们接收到那架发生故障的飞机发出的无线电求救信号。
I
picked
up
my
coat
from
the
cleaner’s.
我从干洗店取回了外衣。
The
phone
rang
and
rang
but
nobody
picked
up.
电话铃响了又响，但没人接。
He
picked
himself
up
soon
after
his
failure
in
business.
经商失败以后，他很快就振作了起来。
Trade
usually
picks
up
in
the
spring.
贸易一般在春天回升。
【针对练习】
写出下面句子中pick
up的含义
(1)Picking
up
her“Lifetime
Achievement”award，proud
Irene
declared
she
had
no
plans
to
retire
from
her
36-year-old
business.
________
(2)The
problem
of
robocalls
has
gotten
so
bad
that
many
people
now
refuse
to
pick
up
calls
from
numbers
they
don’t
know.________
(3)Once
the
book
you’ve
requested
is
delivered
to
the
nearest
branch,
they
will
inform
you
by
email,
so
you
can
pick
it
up.
________
(4)Visitors
can
pick
up
one
of
1,000
free
books
to
read
while
enjoying
the
fresh
air
and
sunshine
from
the
Book
Garden’s
rooftop
park.________
(5)We
had
to
pick
up
all
the
rubbish
that
we
could
find
on
the
seaside.________
(6)It’s
picking
me
up
at
the
office
at
six
and
will
bring
me
home
after
the
meeting.________
【答案】(1)获得　(2)接听(电话)　(3)收取　(4)拿起　(5)捡起　(6)(用车)接送
3．aware
adj.意识到的，明白的
(P110)
Two
friends,
Lisa
and
Amy
are
discussing
how
to
become
more
environmentally
aware.
【翻译】丽莎和艾米两个朋友正在讨论如何增强环保意识。
【语言提升】
aware
adj.察觉到的，注意到的；知道的，意识到的
be/feel/become
aware
of
sth.注意到/意识到某事物
be/feel/become
aware
that…注意到/意识到……
as
far
as
I’m
aware(＝as
far
as
I
know)
据我所知
make
sb.
aware
of…使某人注意到/意识到……
It
wasn’t
until
her
friend
was
badly
hurt
that
Kerry
became
aware
of
her
habit
of
finding
fault.
直到她的朋友被深深伤害了，凯丽才意识到她挑毛病的习惯。
We
should
be
aware
that
a
lot
of
animals
are
endangered.
我们应该知道许多动物处于濒危状态。
As
far
as
I
am
aware,
he
doesn’t
know
the
truth.
据我所知，他不知道真相。
【词汇拓展】
unaware
adj.不知道，未意识到，未察觉
be
unaware
of…不知道……，没意识到……
awareness
n．[U]意识，知道
raise/promote
(one’s)
awareness
of…
提升(某人)在……方面的意识
develop
an
awareness
of…逐渐懂得
a
lack
of
awareness缺乏认识
【语境助记】
In
order
to
raise
people’s
awareness
of
protecting
the
environment,
we
must
make
people
aware
of
the
importance
of
it
first.
为了增强人们的环保意识，我们必须首先让人们意识到它的重要性。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Earth
Day,
marked
on
22
April，is
an
annual
event
aiming
to
raise
public
________(aware)
about
environmental
protection.
(2)The
train
sped
safely
and
swiftly
on
its
way,
and
no
one
aboard
was
even
aware
________
the
tiny
broken
body,
thrown
mercilessly
into
the
river
by
the
onrushing
train.
(3)Sometimes
there
are
skeletons
in
the
cupboard
that
you
and
your
branch
of
the
family
are
________(aware)
of,
but
which
are
still
fresh
in
the
minds
of
your
more
distant
relatives.
完成句子
(4)As
soon
as
I
saw
a
large
crowd
at
the
street
corner,
I
________(意识到)
something
unusual
happened.
(5)________(据我所知),
no
proper
investigation
has
ever
been
carried
out
into
the
subject.
(6)If
humans
have
no
____________(保护的意识),
natural
resources
will
run
out
soon.
【答案】(1)awareness　(2)of　(3)unaware
(4)was/became
aware
that
(5)As
far
as
I’m
aware/As
far
as
I
know
(6)awareness
of
protection
4．collection
n．收集；收藏品；专辑
(P110)
It’s
rubbish
collection
day
tomorrow.
【翻译】明天是垃圾收集日。
【语言提升】
collection
n．[C]收藏品；[U]收集，采集
have
a
collection
of…(＝collect…)
收集……；收藏……
She
selected
a
diamond
ring
from
the
collections.
她从收藏品中挑选了一枚钻石戒指。
He
has
a
good
collection
of
ancient
coins.
他收藏了相当多的古代硬币。
The
collection
of
these
stamps
took
him
ten
years.
收集这些邮票花了他十年时间。
【词汇拓展】
collect
vt.收集；收藏
collector
n．[C]收藏家；收集者
collective
adj.集体的；共同的；总体的
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The
unwilling
parent
organizes
the
meal
schedule,
sends
out
emails,
and
________(collect)
money
for
end-of-season
gifts.
(2)It
is
not
my
intention
to
point
out
the
central
theme
of
each
of
the
plays
in
this
________(collect),
for
that
would,
indeed,
ruin
the
pleasure
of
reading,
discussing,
and
thinking
about
the
plays
and
the
effectiveness
of
the
playwright.
(3)Many
people
have
the
hobby
of
________(collect)
things,
e．g.
stamps,
postcards
or
antiques.
(4)We
all
bear
________
(collect)
responsibility
for
this
decision.
【答案】(1)collects　(2)collection　(3)collecting
(4)collective
5．anxious
adj.焦虑的，不安的
(P110)
I
just
get
anxious
when
I
think
of
the
impact
we
have
on
the
environment.
【翻译】一想到我们对环境造成的影响，我就会感到焦虑。
【语言提升】
anxious
adj.焦虑的，不安的；　渴望的；担忧的
be
anxious
for
sb./about
sth.(＝be
worried
about…)为……担心/担忧
be
anxious
for…
(＝be
eager
for…)
渴望……
be
anxious
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.渴望(某人)做某事
Parents
are
naturally
anxious
for
their
children.
父母自然会为儿女担心。
She
is
anxious
to
go
to
college,
but
is
also
anxious
about
not
being
able
to
pass
the
College
Entrance
Examination.
她渴望上大学，但又担心不能通过高考。
【归纳拓展】
anxiously
adv.焦虑地；不安地
anxiety
n．担心；忧虑；
渴望
with
anxiety焦虑地
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)She
was
anxious
________(know)
what
had
happened.
(2)When
they
are
facing
many
uncertainties,
it
is
natural
for
parents
to
feel
anxious
________
their
children’s
academic
performance.
(3)The
only
person
I
could
think
of
was
Mort.
Without
hesitation
I
headed
for
the
store,
knocked
at
the
door
and
waited
________(anxious).
(4)If
you’re
worried
about
your
study,
share
your
________(anxious)
with
your
teacher.
【答案】(1)to
know　(2)about　(3)anxiously
(4)anxiety
6．end
up结束
(P110)
Our
oceans
are
full
of
plastic
waste,
and
animals
and
birds
end
up
swallowing
the
plastic
and
dying
as
a
result.
【翻译】我们的海洋充满了塑料垃圾，最终动物和鸟类吞下了塑料并因此而死亡。
【语言提升】
end
up最终成为……，
最后处于……
end
up
doing
sth.以……结束
end
up＋adj.以某种状态结束
end
up
with…
以……结束(侧重以某种方式结束)
end
up
in…
以……(状况)告终(侧重以某种结果结束)
end
up
as…
最终成了……(侧重以某种身份结束)
While
studying,
fix
your
mind
on
what
is
really
important,
or
you
will
end
up
remembering
nothing.
学习时，应该把注意力集中在真正重要的方面，否则你最终将什么也记不住。
According
to
the
report,
each
year
almost
half
of
the
professional
athletes
retiring
from
the
competition
end
up
jobless.
据报道，每年从比赛中退役的专业运动员几乎一半最后失业。
The
speech
started
with
an
amusing
story
and
ended
up
with
a
poem.
演讲以一个有趣的故事开头，以一首诗结束。
Their
long
struggle
ended
up
in
failure.
他们长时间的斗争以失败告终。
He
ended
up
as
a
top
executive
of
the
company.
他最终成为这家公司的一名高层主管。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Mary
worked
here
as
a
temporary
secretary
and
ended
up
________(get)
a
fulltime
job
with
the
company.
(2)Joining
the
firm
as
a
clerk,
he
got
rapid
promotion,
and
ended
up
________
a
manager.
(3)The
meeting
began
at
7
o’clock,
and
ended
up
________
a
speech
by
Mrs.
Black.
(4)Somewhere
along
the
way,
the
same
parent
ends
up
________(become)
an
invaluable
member
of
the
team.
【答案】(1)getting　(2)as　(3)with　(4)becoming
完成句子
(5)Just
as
she
puts
it,
be
thankful
for
what
you
have
and
you’ll
______________________________.
正如她所说的那样，对你所拥有的心存感激，这样你最终会拥有更多。
【答案】end
up
having
more
(6)If
you
go
on
like
this,
you’ll
________________.
如果你继续这样，早晚得进监狱。
【答案】end
up
in
prison
7．put
out扑灭；倒干净
(P110)I’ll
put
out
our
bins.
【翻译】我要把垃圾桶倒干净。
【语言提升】
put
out倒干净；腾空；扑灭；伸出；出版
The
police
have
already
put
out
the
fire.
警察们已经把火扑灭了。
Please
put
out
your
hand.
请伸出你的手。
This
magazine
is
put
out
every
Friday.
这份杂志每星期五出版。
put
away储存；收起来；打消(某个想法)
put
back放回原处
put
down放下；写下；镇压
put
forward提出(建议等)
put
in插话；放进去；安装
put
on穿上；上演；带着某种神情；假装
put
through接通(电话)；使经历
put
up
with容忍；忍受
put
up举起(双手)；张贴；树立，搭起，挂起
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)“You
can
use
me
as
a
last
resort(选择),
and
if
nobody
else
volunteers，then
I
will
do
it.”
This
was
an
actual
reply
from
a
parent
after
I
put
________
a
request
for
volunteers
for
my
kids
lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.
(2)The
air
was
full
of
horrible
smells
for
hours
after
the
fire
was
put
________
in
the
afternoon.
(3)We
had
planned
to
hold
the
sports
meet
tomorrow.
Now
it
seems
that
we
have
to
put
it
________.
(4)Hi,
guys,
put
________
your
toys
and
come
to
have
dinner.
(5)The
line
is
busy,
so
I
can’t
put
________.
(6)I
really
can’t
put
up
________
so
much
noise.
(7)The
manager
didn’t
agree
to
the
idea
which
was
put
________
by
the
old
worker.
(8)They
put
________
the
lights
on
the
Christmas
tree.
【答案】(1)out　(2)out　(3)off　(4)away
(5)through　(6)with　(7)forward　(8)up
1．(P109)
Supermarkets
want
to
make
sure
that
coconuts
reach
the
consumer
in
the
best
condition.
【翻译】超市想要确保消费者买到最好的椰子。
【句式剖析】
make
sure意为“确信、确定”，其后接that引导的宾语从句，在句中作make
sure的宾语。
◇句式解读
【句式提升】
(1)make
sure
(that)从句
确保……；核实/弄清……
(2)make
sure
of
查明，弄清楚；确保，设法保证
I
think
that
I
have
turned
off
the
light,
but
I
will
go
and
make
sure.
我想我已经把灯关了，但我会去确认一下。
They
scored
another
goal
and
made
sure
of
victory.
他们又进了一个球，这就赢定了。
In
the
years
of
my
growing
up,
Dad
was
strict
with
me.
He
made
sure
I
made
my
bed
and
did
my
homework.
在我成长的这些岁月里，爸爸对我很严格。他确保我铺了床，做了家庭作业。
Please
make
sure
that
the
door
is
locked
before
you
leave.
请确保在你离开之前门是锁着的。
【针对练习】
选择填空：make
sure/make
sure
of
(1)To
________
you
get
enough
Vitamin
D
—
but
still
protect
your
skin
—
put
on
sunscreen
right
as
you
head
outside.
(2)You’ll
have
to
________
your
own
safety
when
you
are
volunteering
in
that
area.
【答案】(1)make
sure　(2)make
sure
of
翻译句子
(3)在国外，你要确保一直带着你的护照。
【答案】Make
sure
(that)
you
have
your
passport
with
you
all
the
time
in
a
foreign
country.
(4)我建议早点去音乐会，以确保有个好座位。
【答案】I
suggest
going
to
the
concert
early
to
make
sure
of
a
good
seat.
2．(P110)…the
packaging
should
be
changed
so
that
it’s
recyclable.
【翻译】……应该改变包装，使其可回收利用。
【句式剖析】
本句中的so
that意为“以便，为了”，在句中引导一个表示目的的状语从句。
【句式提升】
在使用so
that引导目的状语从句的时候，我们应注意如下几点：
(1)so
that
引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便，为了”。此时，从句谓语常含有should,
would,
could,
might,
can等情态动词。其同义短语in
order
that也引导目的状语从句，但
so
that一般不用于句首，而in
order
that可用于句首。
I’ll
give
you
all
the
facts
so
that/in
order
that
you
can
judge
by
yourself.
我会给你所有事实，以便你自己能进行判断。
Bring
it
closer
so
that,
in
order
that
I
can
see
it
more
clearly.
拿近一些，好让我看得更清楚。
In
order
that
she
could
catch
the
first
bus,
she
got
up
very
early.
为了能够赶上第一班公共汽车，她起得很早。
(2)当so
that/in
order
that引导的从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致时，可将从句转化为不定式或“in
order
to/so
as
to”结构。注意：so
as
to不能放在句首，而in
order
to可放在句首。
为了实现我们的理想，
我们必须努力学习。
We
must
study
hard
so
that/in
order
that
we
could
realize
our
dreams.
＝In
order
that
we
could
realize
our
dreams,
we
must
study
hard.
＝We
must
study
hard
so
as
to/in
order
to/to
realize
our
dreams.
＝In
order
to/To
realize
our
dreams,
we
must
study
hard.
【归纳拓展】so
that除了引导目的状语从句外，还可以引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，此时从句中通常没有情态动词。
He
injured
his
foot
so
that
he
was
unable
to
play
in
the
match.
他的脚受伤了，因此无法参加比赛。
【针对练习】
判断下列句子中so
that引导的从句类型
(1)I
often
found
myself
telling
my
mom
to
drive
more
slowly,
so
that
I
could
read
all
of
the
road
signs
we
passed.________
(2)Let’s
not
pick
these
peaches
until
this
weekend
so
that
they
get
sweet
enough
to
be
eaten.________
(3)The
heavy
rain
lasted
for
about
a
week
so
that
the
sports
meeting
had
to
be
put
off
until
the
next
month.________
一句多译
为了避开交通堵塞，他早早就离开了。
(4)He
left
early
________________
he
could
avoid
the
traffic
jam.
(5)________________
he
could
avoid
the
traffic
jam,
he
left
early.
(6)He
left
early
____________
avoid
the
traffic
jam.
(7)____________
avoid
the
traffic
jam，he
left
early.
【答案】(1)目的状语从句　(2)目的状语从句　
(3)结果状语从句
(4)so
that/in
order
that
(5)In
order
that
(6)in
order
to/so
as
to/to
(7)In
order
to/To
随堂知能小练
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．Please
give
me
a
________(盒)
of
cigarette
please.
2．Many
people
find
plastic
and
iron
________(包装)
too
wasteful.
3．As
a
________(消费者)
in
your
hotel,
I
have
to
point
out
the
weaknesses
in
your
service.
4．I’ll
take
these
two
skirts.
Please
________(包裹)
it
up
for
me.
5．With
time
going
by,
the
________(交通)
is
getting
more
and
more
comfortable
in
our
country.
6．These
chairs
are
covered
with
too
much
________(灰尘)．
7．Many
people
are
still
not
________(明白)
of
the
possible
danger
that
is
on
the
way.
8．Parents
are
very
________(焦虑的)
about
their
son’s
safety
in
the
camp.
9．Many
foreigners
are
used
to
using
________(筷子)
when
they
are
in
China.
10．The
________(理事会)
are
having
a
meeting
to
discuss
this
project.
【答案】1．packet　2．packaging　3．consumer　4．wrap　5．transportation　6．dirt　7．aware　8．anxious　9．chopsticks　10．council
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．Mike
set
about
________(do)
his
homework
the
moment
he
returned
home
from
school.
2．Many
teenagers
are
too
________(waste)
when
they
hanging
out
with
their
friends.
3．You
should
set
a
________(realise)
target
in
your
study,
which
should
be
achievable.
4．She
has
gathered
a
large
________(collect)
of
stamps
in
the
past
thirty
years.
5．Cloth
bags
are
________(use),
so
they
are
environmentally
friendly.
6．You
must
make
sure
________
you
should
never
spend
too
much
time
playing.
7．The
old
man
ended
up
________(beg)
in
the
street
due
to
his
overspending.
8．The
weather
is
too
cold
here
and
it
really
doesn’t
agree
________
me.
9．The
young
man
commits
himself
to
________(work)
all
day
long
in
his
lab.
10．His
father
has
made
great
________(contribute)
to
this
city
in
his
lifetime.
【答案】1．doing　2．wasteful　
3．realistic　4．collection
5．reusable　6．that　7．begging　8．with　
9．working
10．contributions
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．The
heavy
rain
____________________
in
our
city.
这场大雨导致了我市一场大洪水。
【答案】contributed
to
heavy
floods
2．You
should
try
your
best
to
______________________
like
smoking.
你必须尽力克服像吸烟这样的不良习惯。
【答案】do
away
your
bad
habits
3．All
through
his
life,
the
old
man
________________.
一生中，这位老人忠于职守。
【答案】has
been
committed
to
his
duty
4．You
should
take
enough
physical
sports
_____________
___________.
你必须多做体育活动，以便保持健康。
【答案】so
that
you
will
keep
fit
5．Smoking
has
_________________________
so
far,
so
his
health
is
much
poorer
than
before.
目前吸烟导致了他糟糕的身体，他的健康比以前差多了。
【答案】contributed
to
his
poor
health(共96张PPT)
UNIT
3　CONSERVATION
Period
Four　Lesson
3
课前自主预习
1．______________adj.卡住的，无法移动的
2．______________n．拥挤，堵塞；果酱
3．______________adj.烦恼的，生气的
4．______________n．愤怒；怒气
5．______________n．十年，十年期
stuck　
jam　
annoyed　
anger　
decade　
¤重点单词
6．______________n．气，气体
7．______________n．癌症
8．______________vi.相联系，有关联
9．______________adj.定期的，有规律的
10．______________vt.适合；n.套装
gas　
cancer　
relate　
regular　
suit　
1．困在……
________________
2．比较
________________
3．与……有关
________________
4．放弃
________________
5．接送
________________
¤重点词块
get
stuck
in…　
compare
to　
be
related
to…　
give
up　
pick
up　
6．上升
________________
7．……的数量/数目
________________
8．找借口
________________
9．采取行动
________________
10．沉溺于
________________
go
up　
the
number
of…　
make
an
excuse　
take
action　
be
addicted
to　
1．(P58)How
often
do
we
arrive
at
work
or
school,
stressed
out,
______________________？
我们过多久就会有一次带着压力、疲惫和愤怒的心情去上班或上学？
【答案】tired
and
angry
¤重点句式
2．(P59)Up
to
90
people
can
travel
in
one
bus,
________
the
same
number
will
need
at
least
18
cars.
一辆公共汽车可以容纳多达90人，而同样数量的人至少需要18辆小汽车。
【答案】while
3．(P61)But
the
problem
is
________
the
number
of
cars
is
still
going
up.
但问题是汽车的数量仍在增加。
【答案】that
一、判断正误
(　　)1．In
the
last
ten
years,
the
number
of
cars
on
the
roads
has
gone
up
by
25%.
(　　)2．About
2,500
people
have
died
of
cancer
every
year.
¤课文预读
(　　)3．The
car
is
very
important
to
the
author.
(　　)4．The
author
gives
Jenny
Trowe
some
advice
about
giving
up
cars.
(　　)5．Jenny
believes
she
is
too
addicted
to
her
car.
【答案】1－5　FFTFF
二、根据课文内容完成下面表格
THE
ROAD
TO
DESTRUCTION
Statistics
related
to
vehicles
The
number
of
cars
has
1.________
by
25%,
with
the
total
number
of
32
million
cars.
An
average
of
2,500
people
have
died
in
road
accidents
on
yearly
2.________.
Cars’
3．______
Traffic
4.________
global
warming
as
vehicles
give
off
greenhouse
gases.
5.________
results
to
about
30,000
deaths
every
year.
【答案】1．gone
up　2．basis　3．impact　
4．contributes
to
5．Air
pollution　6．keep
us/you
healthy　
7．transport　8．kinder　
9．action　10．side
effects
课堂新知讲练
1．be/get
stuck
in陷入，困住
(P58)
How
often
do
we
get
stuck
in
traffic
jams?
【翻译】我们过多久就会遇到一次交通堵塞？
【语言提升】
be/get
stuck
in陷入，困于(指某种不利的环境或困境)；被难住，答不上来
◇词汇拓讲
We
were
stuck
in
traffic
for
over
an
hour.
我们遇上堵车，堵了一个多小时。
The
wheels
were
stuck
in
the
mud.
车轮陷到了泥里。
She
got
the
key
stuck
in
the
lock.
她把钥匙卡在锁里了。
I
got
stuck
on
the
first
question.
头一个问题我就答不上来。
【词汇拓展】
stick
vt.(stuck,
stuck)
粘住，卡住
be
stuck
in表示一个状态，而get
stuck
in则表示一个动作。
stick
to
sth.坚持某事
stick
to
doing
sth.坚持做某事(这时to是一个介词，其后的动词要用动名词形式)
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Much
to
the
family’s
surprise,
Dennis
stuck
________
his
promise!
(2)________(stick)
in
the
middle
was
a
pot
of
purple
mums.
(3)I
stuck
to
________(work)
out
30
minutes
a
day,
and
I
didn’t
disturb
my
normal
routine.
(4)I
got
out
of
bed
early
and
set
off
on
time
but
then
the
bus
got
stuck
________
the
traffic.
【答案】(1)to　(2)Stuck　(3)working　(4)in
2．stressed
out焦虑的
(P58)
How
often
do
we
arrive
at
work
or
school,
stressed
out,
tired
and
angry?
【翻译】我们过多久就会有一次带着压力、疲惫和愤怒去上班或上学？
【语言提升】
be/feel
stressed
out
紧张的，有压力的
(1)这个结构常用作谓语。
(2)如果在作句中作定语、宾补或状语，则这个短语
中的系动词be或feel要去掉。
The
boy
felt
stressed
out
in
the
doctor’s
room.
这个孩子在医生的诊所里面非常紧张。
She
found
herself
stressed
out
in
the
examination.
她发现自己在考试的过程中非常紧张。
【词汇拓展】
stress
n．压力
be
under
stress在压力下
under
the
stress
of…
在……的压力下
lay/place/put
stress
on…
强调/重视……
It
turns
out
that
just
looking
at
green,
growing
things
can
reduce
stress,
lower
blood
pressure,
and
put
people
into
a
better
mood.
事实证明，仅仅看正在生长的绿色植物，就可以减轻压力，降低血压，让人心情更好。
Lily
has
been
under
a
lot
of
stress
since
her
mother’s
illness.
莉莉自从母亲生病以来承受了很大的压力。
The
roof
couldn’t
bear
the
stress
of
the
snow.
屋顶承受不了积雪的压力。
We
lay
special
stress
on
developing
a
new
type
of
major
power
relationship.
我们特别重视发展新型大国关系。
stress
vt.强调，着重
stress
the
importance
of…
强调……的重要性
Our
teacher
stressed
the
importance
of
cooperation.
我们的老师强调了合作的重要性。
stressful
adj.有压力的(主要用于修饰物)
stressed
adj.感到有压力的(修饰或说明人)
be
stressed
about
sth.对某事感到有压力
【语境助记】
Jerry
is
stressed
out.
He
has
been
under
stress
for
one
month.
He
has
so
much
stressful
work
to
do
that
he
feels
desperately
stressed.
杰里非常的紧张。这一个月来都处于压力之下。他有这么多压力大的工作要做，因此他感到心力交瘁。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)But
living
in
a
city
can
be
________(stress).
And
the
more
we
live
in
them,
the
more
stress
we
have,
leading
to
increases
in
mental
illnesses
like
depression
and
loneliness.
(2)With
competition
rising
these
days,
people
are
________
more
stress.
(3)They
have
also
found
that
people
who
received
hugs
were
less
stressed
________.
(4)The
researchers
also
________(stress)
that
every
country,
whether
developed,
developing
or
poor,
should
focus
on
air
pollution
or
humans
will
face
a
bad
situation.
(5)Earlier
this
year,
The
South
China
Morning
Post
said
the
real-life
escape
games
are
a
hit
among
“highly
________(stress)
students
and
overworked
young
professionals”．
【答案】(1)stressful　(2)under　(3)out　(4)stressed　(5)stressed
3．figure
n．人物；(绘画或故事中的)人，动物；塑像
(P58)
Here
are
some
figures
about
Britain…
【翻译】以下是一些关于英国的数据……
【语言提升】
(1)figure
n．[C]人物；(绘画或故事中的)人，动物；塑像；[C]数字；[C]图形；[C]图表；[C]身材；人影
He
has
become
a
figure
known
to
everyone.
他已经成为一个知名人物。
This
is
the
figure
of
Lu
Xun,
which
was
painted
by
Mr.Li.
这是李先生画的鲁迅的画像。
We
saw
a
bronze
figure
of
a
horse
there.
我们在那儿看到了一座马的铜像。
Where
did
you
get
those
figures?
你是从哪儿得到那些数字的？
The
results
are
shown
in
figure
3．
结果在图表3中显示。
keep
one’s
figure保持身材
have
a
good
figure身材好
figure
skater花样滑冰运动员
I
wonder
how
Mary
has
kept
her
figure
after
all
these
years.
我想知道这些年来玛丽是如何保持身材的。
I
saw
a
tall
figure
in
black
just
now.
我刚看到一个黑衣高个子人影。
(2)figure
v．认定，认为；
计算
figure＋that从句：认为
figure
out
弄明白，弄懂，弄清楚；计算(数量或成本)
I
figured
(that)
if
I
took
the
night
train,
I
could
be
in
Scotland
by
morning.
我认为，如果我坐夜班火车，早上就可以到苏格兰。
He
was
trying
to
figure
out
why
the
camera
wasn’t
working.
他想弄懂这架照相机失灵的原因。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)“I
________(认为)whoever
lost
the
dog
was
probably
just
as
close
to
it
as
I
am
to
my
dogs，”
says
Ehlers.
(2)Naomi
managed
to
________(计算出)
16
of
Steve’s
favorite,
and
most
personal
songs.
(3)“The
8-mile
mark
was
when
I
______________________
(明白)I
had
made
a
mistake，”
he
said.
(4)By
dismissing
innate
ability
as
insignificant,
many
are
confident
they
can
make
a
concert-level
pianist
or
an
Olympic
________(花样滑冰运动员)
of
their
kids
as
long
as
they
push
them
hard
enough.
(5)By
most
recent
measures,
the
UK’s
GDP
has
been
the
envy
of
the
Western
world,
with
record
low
unemployment
and
___________________(高增长数据)．
(6)Now
she
was
just
staring
at
me
as
if
confused,
as
if
trying
to
__________________(把我弄明白)．
【答案】(1)figured　(2)figure
out　(3)figured
out
that　(4)figure
skater　(5)high
growth
figures
(6)figure
me
out
4．be
related
to
与……有关
(P59)
Some
types
of
cancer
are
related
to
traffic
pollution.
【翻译】有些癌症与交通污染有关。
【语言提升】
be
related
to与……有关，相当于be
connected
with。be
related
to中的to为介词，且related前可用strongly,
closely等词修饰。
Education
levels
are
strongly
related
to
income.
教育程度和收入有很大关系。
【温馨提示】
如果在句中作定语、状语或宾补，则要用形容词短语related
to。这时的related相当于一个形容词。
He
wanted
to
interview
someone
related
to
the
matter.
他想去采访与这件事情有关的人。(作后置定语)
【词汇拓展】
relation
n．关系
related
adj.有关系的，有联系的
unrelated
adj.无关的
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)One
way
to
make
exercise
feel
more
like
a
hobby
is
to
actively
set
goals
and
attend
events
________(relate)
to
it.
(2)As
we
improve
our
writing
ability,
we
improve
our
ability
to
think－to
build
an
argument,
to
frame
issues
in
forceful
ways,
to
weave
seemingly
________(related)
facts
into
a
coherent
(连贯的)
whole.
(3)The
________(relate)
between
the
original
book
and
this
new
film
is
very
little.
(4)Chinese
culture,
each
year
is
related
________
an
animal
and
has
an
animal
name.
【答案】(1)related　(2)unrelated　(3)relation　(4)to
5．to
be
frank坦率地说
(P59)
To
be
frank,
I’m
addicted
to
my
car.
【翻译】坦率地说，我对(使用)我的车上瘾了。
【语言提升】
to
be
frank坦率地说这个短语常用动词不定式放在句首作状语，修饰全句。
To
be
frank,
I’m
not
interested
in
the
story
at
all.
坦率地说，我对这个故事一点都不感兴趣。
常用不定式在句中作状语的短语有：
to
be
the
truth说实话
to
be
honest说实话
to
be
exact确切地说
frankly
speaking＝to
be
frank“坦率地说”
这个短语也用在句首，修饰全句，而且只能用现在分词。
Frankly
speaking,
Mike
did
the
worst
of
all
in
the
examination.
坦率地说，迈克在这次考试中表现最差。
exactly
speaking确切地说
personally
speaking就个人而言
generally
speaking一般而言，总的说来
strictly
speaking严格说来
honestly
speaking说实话
The
warmer
a
place
is,
generally
speaking,
the
more
types
of
plants
and
animals
it
will
usually
support.
一般而言，一个地方越暖和，能生存的动植物种类通常也就越多。
【温馨提示】
以上短语均为独立成分，即这些分词短语在句子里没有逻辑主语而独立存在，常用于句首以表达说话人的态度、观点等，因此它们不受句子主语的限制，其形式是固定的，如speaking不能换成spoken或to
speak。在写作中适当运用这些短语会为文章增色不少。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)________(be)
frank,
when
it
was
my
turn
to
speak,
I
really
had
my
heart
in
my
mouth.
(2)________(frank),
my
eyes
get
a
little
watery
just
thinking
about
it.
(3)________(frank)
speaking,
I
prefer
staying
at
home
to
watch
TV
to
going
to
the
cinema.
(4)________(general)
speaking,
when
taken
according
to
the
directions,
the
drug
has
no
side
effect.
同义句转换
(5)Frankly
speaking,
I
don’t
think
he
is
qualified
for
the
job.
______________，
I
don’t
think
he
is
qualified
for
the
job.
(6)To
be
honest,
this
film
is
very
boring.
____________，
this
film
is
very
boring.
【答案】(1)To
be　(2)Frankly　(3)Frankly
(4)Generally　(5)To
be
frank　(6)Honestly
speaking
6．suit
vt.适合；
n．套装
(P59)
Do
whichever
of
these
things
that
suit
you.
【翻译】做这些事中适合你的任何一件。
【语言提升】
(1)suit
vt.适合；满足(某人)需要，对(某人)方便，合(某人)心意；适合，适宜；(尤指服装、颜色等)相配，合身
suit
one’s
need/taste满足某人的需要；适合某人的口味
suit
sth.to
sth./sb.使某物适合某物/某人
be
suited
for/to…
适合做……；对……适宜(注意，这个短语中的to是一个介词)
suit
sb.(fine)(很)合某人的意；对某人来说(很)合适
There
is
a
range
of
restaurants
to
suit
all
tastes.
这里有各式各样的餐馆，适合所有人的口味。
A
good
speaker
is
always
trying
to
suit
his
speech
to
his
audience.
一个好的演说家总是试图让自己的演说适合听众的口味。
Realizing
that
drama
might
be
more
suited
to
me,
Mom
took
me
to
a
drama
teacher.
意识到戏剧可能更适合我，妈妈把我带到了一个戏剧老师那里。
Jill’s
new
hairstyle
doesn’t
really
suit
her.
吉尔的新发型不太适合她。
(2)suit
n．一套外衣，套装
She
was
wearing
a
black
trouser
suit.
她穿着一套黑色衣裤装。
【词汇拓展】
suitable
adj.适合的
be
suitable
for…适合……
【易混辨析】
suit/fit/match
(1)suit多指衣服等的颜色、款式或花样适合；还可指事物合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等。
This
style
of
dress
suits
you
well.
这件连衣裙的款式很适合你。
No
dish
suits
all
tastes.
众口难调。
(2)fit多指衣服等大小、尺寸、形状等方面的合适，通常意为“合身，适合”。
The
dress
fits
me
well.
我穿着这件连衣裙很合身。
(3)match多指两个物体在大小、色调、形状、性质等方面很搭配，显得很协调。也可指两个人或两群人在能力、性格等方面很相配。
The
color
of
the
shirt
does
not
match
that
of
the
tie.
衬衫的颜色与领带不相配。
Mr.
Li
doesn’t
match
that
girl.
李先生配不上那个女孩。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)These
bicycles
are
the
most
expensive
to
rent,
but
are
very
________(suit)
for
carrying
packages
and
even
some
of
your
luggage
along
with
you.
(2)People
settle
in
these
places
because
they
are
easy
to
get
to
and
naturally
suited
________
communications
and
trade.
选词填空：match/suit/fit
(3)First
of
all,
the
color
of
the
hat
should
________
the
color
of
your
skin
and
hair.
(4)It
was
because
I
grew
so
fast
that
many
clothes
my
mom
bought
me
didn’t
________
me
any
longer.
(5)As
we
know,
a
red
jacket
doesn’t
________
green
trousers.
But
when
a
little
girl
wears
them,
they
________
her
very
well.
(6)The
lifestyle
of
the
city
seems
to
________
her
—
she
looks
very
well.
【答案】(1)suitable　(2)for/to　(3)match　(4)fit　(5)match；suit　(6)suit
1．(P58)
How
often
do
we
arrive
at
work
or
school,
stressed
out,
tired
and
angry?
【翻译】我们过多久就有一次带着压力、疲惫和愤怒的心情去上班或上学？
【句式剖析】
本句中的stressed
out,
tired
and
angry是三个并列的形容词在句中作伴随状语，说明主语所处的状况。
◇句式解读
【句式提升】
形容词通常在句中作定语、表语或宾语补足语。但有时，形容词也可以像副词一样在句中作状语。形容词作状语，可以表示如下含义：
(1)表示原因(这类状语通常放在句首)
Much
interested,
he
agreed
to
give
it
a
try.
他很感兴趣，同意试一试。
Afraid
of
difficulties,
they
prefer
to
take
the
easy
road.
他们由于害怕困难，宁愿走容易走的路。
(2)表示时间(这类状语也要放在句首)
Ripe(When
ripe)，these
apples
are
sweet.
(3)表示伴随或方式(这类状语通常放在句尾，说明主语所处的一种状况)
He
spent
7
days
in
the
wind
and
snow,
cold
and
hungry.
他在风雪中度过了7天，又冷又饿。
I
went
home,
tired
and
exhausted.
我回到家，筋疲力尽。
Crusoe
went
home,
full
of
fear.
克鲁索满怀恐惧地回家。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)I
play
tennis
with
my
best
friend,
______________(既快乐又兴奋)．
(2)With
no
answer,
I
went
to
my
bed
room,
_____________
_____________
(失望又难过)．
(3)________________(由于怕黑),
she
didn’t
dare
to
go
out
at
night.
(4)________________(又累又饿),
we
were
unable
to
move
a
step
forward.
【答案】(1)happy
and
excited　(2)disappointed
and
sad　(3)Afraid
of
dark　(4)Tired
and
hungry
2．(P59)
Up
to
90
people
can
travel
in
one
bus,
while
the
same
number
will
need
at
least
18
cars.
【翻译】一辆公共汽车可以容纳多达90人，而同样数量的人至少需要18辆小汽车。
【句式剖析】
本句中的while是一个并列连词，连接两个并列的分句，表示比较或对比关系。
【句式提升】
(1)while作并列连词的用法
while作并列连词时，表示对比，意为“但是，而”，用来连接两个句子。
I
like
tea
while
she
likes
coffee.
我喜欢喝茶，而她喜欢喝咖啡。
Tom
is
very
outgoing
and
confident
while
Katy
is
shy
and
quiet.
汤姆非常外向、自信，而凯蒂羞涩、文静。
(2)while作从属连词的其他用法：
①作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为
“当……的时候”，常位于句中。
My
children
kept
silent
while
I
was
writing.
当我写作的时候，我的孩子们总会保持安静。
②作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，多位于句首。
While
I
admit
that
there
are
problems,
I
don’t
agree
that
they
cannot
be
solved.
尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不认为这些问题不能解决。
【针对练习】
判断下列各句中while的功能与含义
(1)Corn
production
has
jumped
nearly
125
percent
over
the
past
25
years,
while
rice
has
increased
only
7
percent.________
(2)Interruptions
are
one
of
the
worst
things
to
deal
with
while
you’re
trying
to
get
work
done.________
(3)While
online
shopping
has
changed
our
life,
not
all
of
its
effects
are
positive.________
【答案】(1)并列连词，连接两个句子，意为“而”。
(2)从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。
(3)从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。
3．(P61)
But
the
problem
is
that
the
number
of
cars
is
still
going
up.
【翻译】但问题是，汽车的数量仍然在增加。
【句式剖析】
本句中的“that
the
number
of
car
is
still
going
up”是一个由that引导的表语从句，解释主语的内容。
【句式提升】
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。that引导表语从句时，在从句中无具体含义，也不作任何句子成分，只起连接作用，但不能省略。
The
reason
why
a
lot
of
young
people
come
to
this
big
city
is
that
they
want
to
seek
happiness
as
well
as
success.
很多年轻人来到这座大城市是因为他们想寻求幸福和成功。
What
impressed
me
most
at
the
concert
was
that
such
a
little
boy
could
play
the
violin
so
well.
音乐会上让我印象最深刻的是那么小的一个男孩小提琴竟拉得这么好。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The
most
pleasant
thing
of
the
rainy
season
is
________
one
can
be
entirely
free
from
dust.
(2)The
only
problem
is
________
we
keep
getting
lost!
But
people
in
Tianjin
are
very
friendly
and
helpful.
【答案】(1)that　(2)that
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写
1．The
________(数字)
of
road
deaths
has
gone
up
by
ten
percent
this
year.
2．I
think
________(果酱)
doesn’t
agree
with
me,
so
I
don’t
like
it
very
much.
3．You
can
choose
________(无论哪个)
you
like
best.
Just
make
yourself
at
home.
4．I
don’t
think
this
tie
________(适合)
your
shirt.
5．With
so
much
work
to
do
both
at
work
and
at
home,
Mrs.
Li
feels
much
________(烦恼的)．
6．The
old
woman
stood
there,
with
her
heart
full
of
________(愤怒)．
7．In
the
past
two
________(十年),
great
changes
have
taken
place
in
our
country.
8．She
pays
________(定期的)
visits
to
her
parents
as
they
are
getting
older.
9．The
two
incidents
don’t
seem
to
________(有关联)．
10．The
taxi
is
________(卡住)
in
the
mud
and
unable
to
get
out.
【答案】1．figure　2．jam　3．whichever　4．suits
5．annoyed　6．anger　7．decades　8．regular　9．relate
10．stuck
二、单句语法填空
1．He
was
late
for
work
yesterday
because
his
car
________(stick)
in
the
snow.
2．________(compare)
with
other
companies,
we
still
need
to
improve
our
quality.
3．Road
accidents
have
gone
up
________2%
in
the
first
season
of
this
year.
4．The
number
of
citizens
in
our
city
________(be)
increasing
rapidly.
5．Though
it
is
very
late,
the
old
man
still
carries
on
________(work)
in
the
fields.
6．It
is
bad
news
that
many
school
students
are
addicted
to
________(play)
games
on
weekends.
7．Twenty
road
________(die)
were
reported
to
have
taken
place
on
the
highway
last
week.
8．The
old
man
takes
physical
sports
________(regular),
so
he
is
still
in
good
health.
9．Mike
is
very
rich
in
this
city
________
his
brother
can’t
earn
enough
to
eat.
10．If
you
drive
________(careful),
you
will
cut
the
risk
by
half.
【答案】1．was
stuck　2．Compared　3．by　4．is
5．working　6．playing　7．deaths　8．regularly
9．while　10．carefully
三、完成句子
1．Some
students
_____________________
computer
games
and
don’t
study
hard.
一些学生沉溺于电脑游戏，学习不努力。
【答案】are
addicted
to
(playing)
2．His
memory
loss
___________________________.
他的失忆与他的疾病有关。
【答案】is
related
to
his
illness/disease
3．________________，
Bill’s
house
seemed
like
a
palace.
同我们的小公寓比较起来，比尔的房子就像一个大宫殿一样。
【答案】Compared
to
our
small
flat
4．The
government
must
________________the
rise
in
violent
crime.
政府应当采取措施控制暴力犯罪上升的势头。
【答案】take
actions
to
control
5．Some
people
________________(困在电梯里)last
night.
【答案】got
stuck
in
the
lift(共59张PPT)
UNIT
3　CONSERVATION
Period
Five　Writing
Workshop
课前自主预习
1．____________n．论说文；散文
2．____________adj.不使用化肥的，有机的，绿色的
3．____________vt.包含，需要
4．____________n．机构；
研究院
5．____________n．十亿
6．____________n．反对者；对手，敌手
essay　
organic　
involve　
institute　
billion　
opponent　
¤重点单词
7．____________adj.残忍的
8．____________n．例子，实例
9．____________vt.&
n．断言；声称；主张
10．____________n．化学品；adj.化学的
11．____________n．药物，药材；
毒品
12．____________vt.概括，总结
n．金额，款项；总数
cruel　
instance　
claim　
chemical　
drug　
sum　　
1．以这种方式
________________
2．除了
________________
3．根据
________________
4．遭受
________________
5．另一方面
________________
6．例如
________________
¤重点词块
in
this
way　
apart
from　
according
to　
suffer
from　
on
the
other
hand　
for
instance　
7．争取，为
……而战/奋斗________________
8．除了
________________
9．概括，总结
________________
10．摆脱，
克服
________________
11．伤害
________________
12．同……隔离
________________
fight
for　
in
addition
to　
sum
up　
get
rid
of　
do
harm
to　
be
isolated
from　
(P64)It’s
not
likely
for
humans
________________
rid
of
roads,
power
or
pipelines
now.
现在，人类不太可能摆脱道路、电力或管道。
【答案】to
get
¤重点句式
课堂新知讲练
1．opponent
n．反对者；对手，敌手
(P62)
On
the
other
hand,
opponents
of
factory
farming
say
that
it
is
cruel
to
the
animals.
【翻译】另一方面，工厂化养殖的反对者说这对动物们很残忍。
◇词汇拓讲
【语言提升】
opponent
n．反对者；对手，敌手；对抗者
Tom
outweighed
his
opponent
by
about
60
pounds.
汤姆比他的对手重约60磅。
The
worst
thing
you
do
is
underestimate
an
opponent.
你做得最糟糕的事就是低估对手。
It
took
her
mere
20
minutes
to
defeat
her
opponent.
她仅用了20分钟就击败了对手。
In
the
final
match,
his
opponent
will
be
stronger
and
more
experienced.
在最后一场比赛中，他的对手会更强，更有经验。
opponent
adj.对立的；敌对的
We
must
watch
out
for
the
opponent
forces.
我们要提防敌对势力。
Our
opponent
team
did
obviously
worse
in
the
final
match.
我们的对手在最后一场比赛中表现得明显更差。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)____________
called
her
a
liar
to
her
face.
她的对手当着她的面叫她骗子。
(2)He
was
simply
too
powerful
__________________.
他对于他的对手来说简直太强大了。
(3)He
never
gave
a
chance
to
his
____________
.
他从来就没有给对手任何机会。
(4)He
considers
all
the
suggestions
as
________________
.
他把所有的建议都看成是敌对的观点。
【答案】(1)Her
opponent　(2)for
his
opponent
(3)opponent
side　(4)opponent
ideas
2．claim
vt.声称；断言；主张
n．声称；(根据权力而提出的)要求
(P62)
People
who
fight
for
animal
rights
claim
that
these
animals
suffer
terrible
stress.
【翻译】为动物权利而战的人声称这些动物承受着可怕的压力。
【语言提升】
(1)claim
vt.声称；断言；主张
claim
to
do…
声称要做某事……
claim
to
be…
声称是……
claim
that…
声称……
claim
one’s
attention值得注意
claim
sth.索要某物
It
is/was
claimed
that
…
据称……
He
claimed
that
it
was
all
a
trick
against
him.
他声称这一切都是一场针对他的诡计。
I
don’t
claim
to
be
an
expert.
我不敢自称为专家。
(2)n.声称；(根据权利而提出的)要求
make
a
claim
for/on/to…
要求……
There
are
a
large
number
of
patent
examiners,
whose
only
job
is
to
examine
whether
your
claim
is
valid
or
not.
有大量的专利测试者，他们主要的工作就是测试你的要求是否有效。
Jane
is
determined
to
state
her
claim
as
an
actress.
简决心主张自己作为一名女演员的权利。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)I
don’t
_______________________(自称是)
an
old
hand
in
this
field.
(2)Scientists
are
_____________________(宣称一个重大的突破)
in
the
fight
against
cancer.
(3)______________________(据说)
some
doctors
were
working
80
hours
a
week.
(4)Barry
was
so
poor
that
he
decided
to
__________________
(要求经济上的援助)．
(5)She________________________(要求更多的时间)
to
be
with
her
daughter.
【答案】(1)claim
to
be
(2)claiming
a
major
breakthrough
(3)It
was
claimed
that
(4)claimed
economic
support/made
a
claim
for
economic
support
(5)made
a
claim
for
more
time
3．sum
up
概括，总结
(P62)
To
sum
up,
despite
producing
cheap
food,
factory
farming
is
bad
for
the
planet
and
for
the
animals
themselves.
【翻译】总而言之，尽管工厂化养殖能生产出廉价的食物，但它对地球和动物本身都有害。
【语言提升】
to
sum
up总之，总而言之(常用动词不定式的形式放在句首作状语，修饰全句)
To
sum
up,
students
should
try
their
best
to
learn
the
lessons
well.
总之，学生们应该尽力地把功课学好。
下面这些不定式短语也是习惯放在句首作状语；
to
tell
(you)
the
truth
说实话
to
make
a
long
story
short简而言之
To
be
frank坦率地说
To
be
frank,
a
lot
of
people
attach
great
importance
to
becoming
rich
and
famous.
坦率地说，很多人把名和利看得很重要。
To
be
honest,
that’s
all
the
money
I
have.
说实话，那就是我所有的钱。
To
tell
you
the
truth,
it
was
one
of
the
worst
books
I’ve
ever
read.
说实在的，那是我看过的最差的书之一。
To
be
honest,
I
doubt
whether
I’m
making
any
difference
to
these
boys’
lives
at
all.
说实话，我怀疑我是否能给这些孩子的生活带来任何改变。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)____________________，
I’m
not
interested
in
it.
实话告诉你，我对此没有兴趣。
(2)________________，
you
still
need
to
improve
your
skills.
坦率地说，你还需要提高技能。
(3)________________，
I’m
not
an
expert.
实话实说，我不是专家。
【答案】(1)To
tell
you
the
truth　(2)To
be
frank　(3)To
be
honest
(P64)
It’s
not
likely
for
humans
to
get
rid
of
roads,
power
or
pipelines
now.
【翻译】现在，人类不太可能摆脱道路、电力或管道。
【句式剖析】
本句中的It是一个形式主语，其真正的主语是后面的不定语复合结构“for
humans
to
get
rid
of
roads,
power
or
pipelines
now”。
◇句式解读
【句式提升】
It
is
not
likely
for
sb.对某人来说，是不可能的。
It
is
likely
that…
有可能发生……
Sb.
is
likely
to
do
sth.某人可能做某事。
Sb.
is
likely
to
be…
某人/某物可能会……
It
is
likely
that
Native
Americans
were
living
in
California
at
least
15,000
years
ago.
美洲原住民很可能在至少15000年前就生活在加州了。
Girls
are
more
likely
to
get
into
trouble
when
they
are
at
school.
女孩子在学校里更容易惹麻烦。
Tickets
are
likely
to
be
expensive.
票可能会很贵。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)_______________(可能)
the
weather
will
turn
out
fine
tomorrow.
(2)I’m
afraid
that
our
manager
_______________________
(可能回来)
to
morrow.
(3)Your
mother
____________________________(可能会生气)
when
she
hears
the
news.
【答案】(1)It
is
likely
that
(2)is
likely
to
come
back
(3)is
likely
to
be/get
angry
写作高效提升
1．a
heated
debate热烈的讨论
2．be
in
favour
of
sth.赞成某事
3．be
opposed
to
sth.反对某事
4．hold
the
belief/idea/view持有某种观点
◎话题短语
5．do
harm
to…对……有害处
6．there
is
no
denying
that…不可否认……
7．different
people
have
different
ideas
about…
不同的人对……有不同的看法。
8．share
the
same
point/idea持有相同的观点
【引人入胜的开头句】
1．Recently
a
survey
has
been
carried
out
on
which
is
more
important
in…
最近，做了一项关于……更重要的调查。
2．People
have
taken/adopted
different
attitudes
towards…
人们对……采取了不同的态度。
◎话题佳句
【精彩纷呈的篇中句】
1．Some
people
hold
the
view
that…有些人认为……
2．However,
others
are
opposed
to
it,
thinking…of
more
significance.
然而，另一些人则持反对意见，认为……更重要。
【回味无穷的结尾句】
1．Every
coin
has
two
sides.
From
my
point
of
view,
I
argue
for
the
former.
事物都有两面性。在我看来，我赞成前者。
2．All
things
considered,
we
can
see
that
the
advantages
outweigh
the
disadvantages.
从各方面考虑，我们可以看到利大于弊。
现在越来越多的女士加入了减肥大军，最近你们班就此事展开了讨论。60%的同学赞成，40%的同学反对。请你写一篇英语短文，短文应包括下表中的内容：
◎写作范例
赞成
反对
1．使人身材苗条、漂亮
1．浪费时间、精力和钱
2．正确减肥有利于身体健康
2．吃减肥药会损坏身体健康
3．坚持减肥有助于锻炼人的意志
3．过分看重减肥的人往往缺乏自信
你的看法……(内容由自己拟定)
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：毅力perseverance
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【写作指导】
1．明确体裁为议论文。
2．文章的时态以一般现在时为主，人称以第一人称和第三人称为主。
3．文章的结构框架为：
第一段：介绍讨论减肥的话题；
第二段：陈述两种对立的观点及理由；
第三段：表达自己的观点及原因。
4．重点词汇
(1)减肥________________
(2)进行，开展
________________
(3)持有不同的观点________________
(4)在我看来________________
(5)支持________________
(6)在……中起重要的作用________________
(7)采取措施做某事________________
(8)众所周知……________________
【答案】(1)lose
weight　(2)carry
out
(3)hold
different
opinions
(4)as
far
as
I’m
concerned
(5)in
favor
of
(6)play
an
important
part/role
in…
(7)take
measures
to
do
sth.
(8)It
is
known
to
us
that…
5．完成句子
(1)__________________，
more
and
more
ladies
are
beginning
to
lose
weight
in
different
ways
now.
我们知道，现在越来越多的女性开始用不同的方式减肥。
【答案】As
we
know
(2)Recently,
our
class
has
had
a
__________________
it.
最近，为此我们班展开了一场激烈的辩论。
【答案】heated
debate
about
(3)About
60%
of
the
students
are
__________________
it.
大约60%的学生赞成。
【答案】in
favour
of
(4)They
think
one
can
stay
slim
and
look
beautiful
__________________.
他们认为一个人可以通过减肥保持苗条和美丽。
【答案】by
losing
weight
(5)Taking
exercise
every
day
and
______________________
can
help
to
train
a
person’s
perseverance.
每天锻炼和节食有助于锻炼一个人的毅力。
【答案】going
on
a
diet
(6)They
______________________
it
is
a
waste
of
time,
energy
and
money.
他们认为这是浪费时间、精力和金钱。
【答案】hold
the
view
that
(7)Whoever
frequently
takes
weight-loss
pills
often
____________.
频繁地吃药减肥的人往往缺乏自信。
【答案】
lacks
confidence
(8)将句(2)改为被动句
【答案】Recently,
a
heated
debate
has
been
carried
out
about
it
in
our
class.
(9)用定语从句合并(3)、(4)句
【答案】About
60%
of
the
students
are
in
favour
of
it,
who
think
one
can
stay
slim
and
look
beautiful
by
losing
weight.
【答案】One
possible
version：
As
we
know,
more
and
more
ladies
are
beginning
to
lose
weight
in
different
ways
now.
Recently,
a
heated
debate
about
it
has
been
carried
out
in
our
class.
About
60%
of
the
students
are
in
favour
of
it,
who
think
one
can
stay
slim
and
look
beautiful
by
losing
weight.
If
one
does
this
in
a
proper
way,
it
can
stop
one
from
getting
fat
and
can
keep
one
healthy.
Besides,
taking
exercise
every
day
and
going
on
a
diet
can
help
to
train
a
person’s
perseverance.
However,
the
others
have
different
ideas.
They
hold
the
view
that
it
is
a
waste
of
time,
energy
and
money.
Some
often
try
to
lose
weight
by
taking
weight-loss
pills.
As
a
result,
their
health
gets
damaged
badly.
What’s
worse,
whoever
frequently
takes
weight-loss
pills
often
lacks
confidence.
In
my
opinion,
if
one
is
too
fat
and
often
falls
ill,
he
or
she
should
try
to
lose
weight
with
the
help
of
a
doctor.
在高中毕业填报志愿的时候，我们要选择自己的专业。是按照自己的兴趣，还是依据就业前景(prospect)呢？哪个方面更重要呢？某英文报社对此在你们班进行了调查。以下是你所在班级同学的观点。
◎写作练笔
请你给该报写一篇小短文，反映同学们的观点并表达你的看法。
支持兴趣的理由
支持就业前景的理由
你的看法
1．大学会过得快乐
2．热爱未来的工作
1．就业压力大
2．选择一份好工作很重要
？
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One
possible
version：
Recently
a
survey
has
been
carried
out
on
which
is
more
important
in
choosing
a
major
in
college:
interest
or
job
prospect.
Some
students
prefer
interest
and
they
hold
the
view
that
choosing
a
major
they
like
will
ensure
them
a
happy
college
life
and
give
them
more
motivation
to
study.
Therefore,
they
will
have
the
opportunity
to
get
a
job
satisfying
their
interest.
However,
others
are
opposed
to
it,
thinking
job
prospect
of
more
significance.
They
think
college
graduates
are
under
great
pressure
in
finding
a
job,
so
job
prospect
should
be
taken
into
consideration.
After
all,
getting
a
good
job
is
very
important
for
graduates.
Every
coin
has
two
sides.
From
my
point
of
view,
it’s
up
to
you
to
decide
which
is
more
important.
Once
you
make
the
decision,
try
to
stick
to
it
and
you
will
surely
have
a
bright
future.(共39张PPT)
UNIT
3　CONSERVATION
Period
Six　Viewing
Workshop－Check
Your
Progress
课前自主预习
1．___________n．委员会
2．___________n．庙宇，寺院
3．___________n．纪念馆；
纪念碑
adj.(对逝者)纪念的，追悼的
4．___________vt.雕，刻
committee　
temple　
memorial　
carve　
¤重点单词
5．___________n．谷，山谷
6．___________adj.景色优美的
7．___________adj.古老的；
历史上重要的
8．_____________n．雷暴
9．___________n．台风
10．_____________adj.农业的
valley　
scenic　
historic　
thunderstorm　
typhoon　
　agricultural　
1．某人的纪念馆
________________
2．某人的家园
________________
3．更糟糕的是
________________
4．以很大的规模
________________
5．导致
________________
6．发动；取决于；打开
________________
¤重点词块
a
memorial
to
sb.　
home
to
sb.　
worse
to
come　
on
a
grand/large
scale　
result
in　
turn
on　
7．以……的速度/比例
________________
8．在……之上；加上
________________
9．结果
________________
10．在……中起作用
________________
11．大量的
________________
12．位于
________________
at
the
rate
of…　
on
top
of
sth.　
as
a
result　
play
a
part
in…　
a
number
of　
be
located
in　
(P66)Storms
have
been
getting
worse
everywhere
too,
________
more
hurricanes
hitting
the
US
and
Central
America.
各地的暴风雨也越来越严重，更多飓风将袭击美国和中美洲。
【答案】with
¤重点句式
课堂新知讲练
memorial
n．纪念碑；纪念馆
adj.(对逝者)纪念的；追悼的
(P65)
This
site
is
located
in
Qufu,
Shandong
Province,
and
is
a
memorial
to
Confucius.
【翻译】这个遗址位于山东曲阜，是孔子的纪念馆。
◇词汇拓讲
【语言提升】
(1)memorial
n．纪念碑；纪念物；纪念品；纪念馆
war
memorial阵亡将士纪念碑
a
memorial
to
victims
of
the
Holocaust
大屠杀遇难者的纪念碑
The
painting
will
be
a
lasting
memorial
to
a
remarkable
woman.
这幅油画将成为对一位杰出女性的永久纪念。
(2)memorial
adj.(对逝者)纪念的；悼念的
a
memorial
statue/plaque/prize纪念像/牌/奖
The
memorial
service
will
be
held
at
a
local
church.
悼念仪式将在当地的一所教堂举行。
the
John
F
Kennedy
Memorial
Hospital
肯尼迪纪念医院
【词汇拓展】
memory
n．记忆，记忆力
memorize
vt.记下，记住
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)We
paid
a
visit
to
the
Memorial
________
Chairman
Mao
last
week.
(2)They
went
to
the
war
________(memory)
in
memory
of
those
who
died
in
the
war.
(3)All
the
guests
will
receive
a
________(memory)
prize
on
their
arrival
to
the
party.
(4)The
boy
has
such
a
good
________(memorial)
that
he
can
memorize
things
easily.
【答案】(1)to　(2)memorial　(3)memorial　(4)memory
(P66)
Storms
have
been
getting
worse
everywhere
too,
with
more
hurricanes
hitting
the
US
and
Central
America.
【翻译】各地的暴风雨也越来越严重，更多飓风将袭击美国和中美洲。
◇句式解读
【句式剖析】
本句中的“with
more
hurricanes
hitting
the
US
and
Central
America”是一个介宾复合结构；其构成形式是：“介词with＋名词＋现在分词”这个结构在句中作伴随状语。
【句式提升】
由介词with引导的介宾复合结构有多种形式。请注意掌握如下几类：
(1)“with＋名词/代词＋现在分词”中的现在分词表示的动作是前面的名词或代词发出的，而且通常表示这个动作正在进行。
He
fell
asleep
at
the
desk
with
his
radio
still
working
beside
him.
With
the
temperature
rising
so
fast,
all
the
ice
in
the
polar
areas
will
soon
melt.
(2)“with＋名词/代词＋动词不定式”中的动词不定式表示这个动作是前面的名词或代词发出的动作，但通常不定式表示这个动作还没有发生。
With
a
lot
of
work
to
do,
he
was
not
allowed
to
go
out.
With
a
lot
of
things
to
buy,
she
had
to
ask
her
husband
to
go
to
the
supermarket
with
her.
(3)“with＋名词/代词＋过去分词”中的过去分词表示前面的名词或代词是这个过去分词所表动作的承受者。
A
young
man
was
brought
in
with
his
hands
tied
behind.
With
his
key
locked
in
the
house,
she
had
to
wait
for
her
husband
at
the
door.
(4)“with＋名词/代词＋介词短语”在句中常用作伴随状语或方式状语。
The
teacher
came
into
the
classroom
with
some
books
in
his
hand.
The
soldiers
marched
to
the
front,
with
guns
on
their
shoulders.
(5)“with＋名词/代词＋副词”中的副词主要是由介词转化而来的副词，如on,
in,
over,
out,
up,
down,
off,
away等。
He
fell
asleep
with
the
light
still
on
in
his
room.
He
had
to
go
to
bed
with
the
last
TV
play
over.
(6)“with＋名词/代词＋形容词”中的形容词表示前面名词或代词所处的状态。
The
little
boy
came
back
with
his
hands
red
with
cold.
In
hot
summer
days
many
people
will
sleep
with
the
window
open.
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)With
his
foot
________(bite)
by
the
snake,
the
old
man
beat
it
to
death.
(2)With
the
woman
________(lead)
the
way,
we
had
no
trouble
finding
Smith’s
house.
(3)With
so
much
homework
________(do),
the
boy
stayed
up
late
into
the
night.
(4)You’d
better
sleep
with
the
window
________(open)
so
as
to
let
in
fresh
air.
(5)A
middle-aged
woman
came
into
the
doctor’s
office
________
a
baby
in
her
arms.
(6)With
the
light
________，
we
couldn’t
see
anything
in
the
dark
room.
【答案】(1)bitten　(2)leading　(3)to
do　(4)open　(5)with　(6)off/out
完成句子
(7)The
woman
walked
on
___________________(孩子在她的怀里哭)．
【答案】with
her
baby
crying
in
her
arms
(8)_______________________________(周围有那么多的蚊子围着她飞来飞去),
she
couldn’t
fall
asleep
the
whole
night.
【答案】With
so
many
flies
flying
up
and
down
around
her
(9)________________________(由于还有许多的问题要解决),
the
meeting
may
last
another
hour.
【答案】With
so
many
problems
to
settle
(10)________________________(由于还有一些额外的工作要做),
the
workers
are
not
allowed
to
leave.
【答案】With
some
extra
work
to
do
(11)In
winter
many
people
prefer
to
sleep
_______________
(关着窗户)．
【答案】with
all
the
windows
closed
(12)She
went
out
shopping
______________________(她的孩子锁在房间里)．
【答案】with
her
children
locked
in
the
room
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写
1．The
________(委员会)
are
holding
a
meeting
to
discuss
this
problem.
2．There
is
an
old
________(寺庙)
on
the
top
of
the
mountain.
3．In
the
park
there
is
a
________(纪念碑)
to
the
soldiers
killed
in
the
Liberation
War.
4．Excellent
statues
can
be
________(雕刻)
out
of
the
stone
materials.
5．This
is
the
only
entrance
to
the
________(山谷)．
6．You
can
find
lots
of
________(景色优美的)
spots
in
our
province.
7．Our
history
teacher
always
told
us
interesting
stories
based
on
________(历史上的)
events.
8．It
is
reported
that
a
________(雷暴)
will
hit
our
city
later
this
afternoon.
9．I’m
sure
this
powerful
________(台风)
will
bring
great
damage
to
our
city.
10．My
flight
will
soon
fly
across
the
________(大西洋)
and
over
the
United
States.
【答案】1．committee　2．temple　3．memorial　4．carved　5．valley　6．scenic　7．historic　8．thunderstorm　9．typhoon　10．Atlantic
二、单句语法填空
1．With
________(agriculture)
progress,
we
can
provide
enough
food
for
the
people.
2．Our
city
is
considered
to
be
one
of
the
most
famous
________(history)
cities
in
China.
3．Only
by
practising
more
can
you
________(memory)
what
you
learn
in
class.
4．This
mountain
is
home
________
lots
of
wild
animals
and
plants.
5．Many
________(environment)
disasters
have
taken
place
over
the
last
few
decades.
6．He
just
stood
there
with
his
left
arm
________(raise)．
7．Li
Ming
returned
home
________
his
hands
red
with
cold.
8．The
accident
took
place
all
of
a
sudden,
________(kill)
three
people
on
the
spot.
9．It
is
claimed
________
they
have
taken
control
of
the
situation.
10．Housing
prices
have
dropped
________
5%
in
our
city
in
the
last
six
months.
【答案】1．agricultural　2．historic　3．memorize
4．to　5．environmental　6．raised　7．with
8．killing　9．that　10．by
三、完成句子
1．My
hometown
__________________
the
foot
of
a
small
hill.
我的家乡位于一个小山脚下。
【答案】is
located
at
2．________
much
work
____________
，
I
won’t
be
free
this
evening.
因为还有许多的事情要做，今晚我没空。
【答案】With;
to
do
3．He
can’t
speak
________
so
much
food
________
his
mouth.
他的嘴巴里面有很多的东西，所以他不能说话。
【答案】with;
in
4．Science
and
technology
____________
more
and
more
____________
in
our
life.
科技在我们的生活中起着越来越重要的作用。
【答案】plays
a;
important
role/part
5．His
careless
____________
the
great
fire.
他的粗心大意导致了这场大火。
【答案】resulted
in/contributed
to/led
to(共34张PPT)
UNIT
3　CONSERVATION
单元要点回顾
知识要点
重点内容
阅读词汇
1．____________adj.塑料制的
2．____________n．采矿业
3．____________n．一项，一条
4．____________v．再利用，回收利用
5．____________adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的
6．____________adj.大量的
plastic　
mining　
item　
recycle　
informative　
mass　
知识要点
重点内容
阅读词汇
7．____________adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
8．____________v．(使)孵化
9．____________vt.(使)恢复
10．____________n．包装盒，包装材料
11．____________vt.包，裹
varied　
hatch　
restore　
packaging　
wrap　
知识要点
重点内容
阅读词汇
12．______________n．交通运输系统，运输方式
13．____________n．灰尘，尘土
14．____________adj.现实的，实际的
15．____________adj.新颖的，创新的，革新的
16．____________n．筷子
17．____________n．委员会
transportation　
dirt　
realistic　
innovative　
chopsticks　
council　
知识要点
重点内容
写作词汇
1．____________n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能
2．____________v．&
vt.转换，改变
3．____________adv.非法地，违法地
4．____________adv.猎取，猎杀
5．____________adj.灭绝的，绝种的
6．____________adj.急迫的
7．____________n．物种
threat　
switch　
illegally　
hunt　
extinct　
urgent　
species　
知识要点
重点内容
写作词汇
8．____________vi.&
vt.减少；减少的量
9．____________vt.责怪，指责
10．____________vt.影响
11．____________adj.太阳光(能)的
12．____________adj.卡住的，无法移动的
13．____________n．拥挤，堵塞；果酱
14．____________n．十年，十年期
decrease　
blame　
affect　
solar　
stuck　
jam　
decade　
知识要点
重点内容
写作词汇
15．____________n．气体
16．____________n．癌症
17．____________vt.适合
n．套装
18．____________n．论说文；散文
19．__________adj.有机的，绿色的，不使用化肥的
20．____________vt.包含，需要
21．____________n．机构；研究院
gas　
cancer　
suit　
essay　
organic　
involve　
institute　
知识要点
重点内容
写作词汇
22．____________n．十亿
23．____________n．反对者；对手，敌手
24．____________n．例子，实例
25．_________vt.声称；断言；主张
n．声称；要求
26．____________n．药材；毒品
27．____________vt.概括，总结
28．____________n．委会员
billion　
opponent　
instance　
claim　
drug　
sum　
committee　
知识要点
重点内容
写作词汇
29．____________n．寺院
30．____________vt.雕，刻
31．____________n．山谷
32．____________adj.景色优美的
33．____________adj.古老的；历史上重要的
34．____________n．雷暴
35．____________n．台风
temple　
carve　
valley　
scenic　
historic　
thunderstorm　
typhoon　
知识要点
重点内容
拓展词汇
1．____________n．保护
→____________vt.保护
2．____________vt.破坏
→____________n．破坏
3．____________adj.不可回收的
→____________adj.可回收的
→____________vt.回收
conserve　
conservation　
destroy　
destruction　
unrecyclable　
recyclable　
recycle　
知识要点
重点内容
拓展词汇
4．____________adj.农业的
→____________n．农业
5．____________adv.极端地；非常地
→____________adj.极大的；极好的；难以置信的
6．____________adj.异常的
→____________adj.通常的
→____________adv.通常地
agricultural　
agriculture　
incredibly　
incredible　
unusual　
usual　
usually　
知识要点
重点内容
拓展词汇
7．____________n．纪念馆
→____________vt.记住
→____________n．记忆力
8．____________adj.濒危的
→____________n．危险
→____________vt.使有危险
memorial　
memorize　
memory　
endangered　
danger　
endanger　
知识要点
重点内容
拓展词汇
9．____________adj.可再填充的
→____________vt.填充
→____________vt.再填充
10．____________adj.意识到的
→____________adj.没有意识到的
→____________n．意识
refillable　
fill　
refill　
aware　
unaware　
awareness　
知识要点
重点内容
拓展词汇
11．____________n．收集；收藏品；专辑
→____________vt.收集
→____________n．收集者
12．____________adj.可重复使用的
→____________vt.使用
→____________vt.再使用
→____________n．用户
collection　
collect　
collector　
reusable　
use　
reuse　
users　
知识要点
重点内容
拓展词汇
13．____________n．化学品
→____________adj.化学的
→____________n．化学
→____________n．化学家
14．____________n．消费者
→____________vt.消费
→____________n．消费
chemical　
chemical　
chemistry　
chemist　
consumer　
consume　
consumption　
知识要点
重点内容
拓展词汇
15．____________adj.浪费的
→____________vt.浪费
16．____________adj.烦恼的
→____________vt.使烦恼
→____________adj.令人烦恼的
→____________n．烦恼
wasteful　
waste　
annoyed　
annoy　
annoying　
annoyance　
知识要点
重点内容
拓展词汇
17．____________n．愤怒
→____________adj.愤怒的
→____________adv.愤怒地
18．____________vi.有关联
→____________n．关系
→____________n．亲戚
→____________adj.有关的
anger　
angry　
angrily　
relate　
relation　
relative　
related　
知识要点
重点内容
拓展词汇
19．____________adj.定期的
→____________adv.定期地
20．____________adj.残忍的
→____________n．残忍
→____________adv.残忍地
regular　
regularly　
cruel　
cruelty　
cruelly　
知识要点
重点内容
重点短语
1．转变，转换
________________
2．尽快地
________________
3．……的数量
________________
4．减少
________________
5．在……中扮演角色；起作用
________________
6．在……中发挥作用
________________
7．对……有害处
________________
switch
to　
as
soon
as
possible　
the
amount/number
of…　
cut
down　
　　　play
a
role/part
in…　
do
one’s
part…　
be
bad
for…　
知识要点
重点内容
重点短语
8．at
the
rate
of…
________________
9．be
based
on…
________________
10．lay
eggs
________________
11．be
at
high
risk
________________
12．wipe
out
________________
13．die
from
________________
14．up
to…
________________
以……的速度/比例　
基于……　
产卵；
下蛋　
高危；
处境非常危险　
彻底毁灭　
死于　
高达……　
知识要点
重点内容
重点短语
15．in
short
________________
16．according
to
________________
17．take
steps
________________
18．(用车)接送
________________
19．确保
________________
20．最终
________________
21．同意
________________
简而言之　
根据　
采取措施　
pick
up　
make
sure　
end
up　
agree
with　
知识要点
重点内容
重点短语
22．以便
________________
23．废除
________________
24．扑灭；出版
________________
25．对……有影响
________________
26．致力于
________________
27．导致；有助于
________________
28．被困在……
________________
so
that　
do
away
with　
put
out　
have
an
impact
on…　
be
committed
to　
contribute
to　
get
stuck
in…　
知识要点
重点内容
重点短语
29．比较
________________
30．与……有关
________________
31．放弃
________________
32．上升
________________
33．找借口
________________
34．采取行动
________________
35．沉溺于
________________
compare
to　
be
related
to…　
give
up　
go
up　
make
an
excuse　
take
action　
be
addicted
to　
知识要点
重点内容
重点短语
36．除了
________________
37．根据
________________
38．遭受
________________
39．另一方面
________________
40．例如
________________
41．争取；
好……而战________________
42．总之
________________
apart
from/in
addition
to　
according
to　
suffer
from　
on
the
other
hand　
for
instance　
fight
for　
to
sum
up　
知识要点
重点内容
重点短语
43．摆脱，
克服
________________
44．伤害
________________
45．以很大的规模
________________
46．导致
________________
47．向某人攻击；打开
________________
48．以……的速度/比例
________________
get
rid
of　
do
harm
to　
on
a
grand/large
scale　
result
in　
turn
on　
at
the
rate
of…　
知识要点
重点内容
重点短语
49．在……之上；
加上
________________
50．作为一个结果；
结果
________________
51．在……中起作用
________________
52．位于
________________
on
top
of
sth.　
as
a
result　
play
a
part/role
in…　
be
located
in　
知识要点
重点内容
重点句式
1．It
was
by
Professor
Linda
Wei,
the
environmental
expert,
____________？
那是环境专家琳达·魏教授写的，不是吗？
2．…there
will
be
no
rhinos
________
in
the
world
in
20
years.
……20年后，世界上将没有犀牛。
wasn’t
it　
left　
知识要点
重点内容
重点句式
3．In
the
last
500
million
years,
__________________
five
times
when
life
on
Earth
has
almost
ended.
在过去的5亿年里，曾经有5次地球上的生命几乎灭绝了。
there
have
been　
知识要点
重点内容
重点句式
4．______________________
human
activity
has
negatively
affected
all
other
species
on
Earth,
including
animals
and
plants.
很明显，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种，包括动物和植物都产生了负面影响。
5．Without
forest,
we
____________
no
air
to
breathe.
没有森林，我们就没有呼吸的空气。
It
is
clear
that　
would
have　
知识要点
重点内容
重点句式
6．Supermarkets
want
to
__________________
coconuts
reach
the
consumer
in
the
best
condition.
超市想要确保消费者买到最好的椰子。
7．…the
packaging
should
be
changed
____________
it’s
recyclable.
……应该改变包装，使其可回收利用。
make
sure
that　
so
that　
知识要点
重点内容
重点句式
8．
How
often
do
we
arrive
at
work
or
school,
stressed
out,
__________________？
我们过多久就会有一次带着压力、疲惫和愤怒的心情去上班或上学？
9．Up
to
90
people
can
travel
in
one
bus,
________
the
same
number
will
need
at
least
18
cars.
一辆公共汽车可以容纳多达90人，而同样数量的人至少需要18辆小汽车。
tired
and
angry　
while　
知识要点
重点内容
重点语法
限制性和非限制性定语从句
1．The
person
________
comes
first
will
get
a
gift.
第一个来的人会得到一份礼物。
2．Many
lessons
are
now
available
online,
from
________
students
can
choose
for
free.
许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。
who　
which　
知识要点
重点内容
重点语法
3．Don’t
get
close
to
the
house
________
roof
is
under
repair.
别靠近那栋屋顶在维修的房子。
whose