2012届高三英语二轮复习精品学案（湖北专用）：第4模块 完成句子 专题1 动词的时态和语态
专题导读
从近五年高考英语湖北卷完成句子的试题特点来看，动词的时态和语态是语言表现最活跃、考查频率最高的测试点，几乎所有核心词的考查都必须要借助于时态和语态来完成。试题在考查时态和语态的同时，还兼顾其他语法内容的测试，比如各种从句、强调、倒装等，其交叉式和复合式的特点尤为明显。复习时要牢固掌握考纲规定的八种基本时态，即：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、一般将来时、过去将来时，并结合高考试题找出考点轨迹，作出科学合理的复习。
五年高考已考测试点：①现在完成时；②被动进行时；③一般将来时；④一般现在时。
2012年复习备考考点聚焦：
考点(1) 一般现在时与现在进行时
一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或不依时间的变化而发生变化的动作。时刻表上安排的将要进行的事情也可用一般现在时表示。现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作， 或现阶段一直进行的动作。非持续性动词(如：go, come, leave, die 等)的现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。
考点(2) 现在完成时与一般过去时
现在完成时强调过去发生的事情一直延续到现在的情况， 或者过去发生的事情对现在的影响或结果。属于现在时态的范畴。表示延续性的动作时常用副词already, yet, ever, just, never等作状语。一般过去时表示在过去时间里已经发生的动作， 常与过去时间状语yesterday, last week, in 2003, three days ago等连用。
相同点： 都表示动作发生在过去。
不同点： 现在完成时表示与现在有关；一般过去时表示与现在无关。
考点(3) 过去进行时与一般过去时
过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或过去某一段时间正在进行的动作， 常与时间状语this time last year, that time, last night或由when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句等连用。
考点(4) 过去完成时与一般过去时
过去完成时表示过去某时间或某动作之前已经发生的事情或存在的状态， 即： 过去的过去。持续性动词的过去式常与since＋时间点、for＋时间段、when/before＋过去时的从句、by/before＋过去时间等状语连用。
考点(5) 现在完成时与现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时表示从过去某个时候开始一直延续到现在的动作，并有可能继续下去；现在完成时表示动作已完成。
考点(6) 一般将来时与将来进行时
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态， 或在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态， 常与时间状语tomorrow, next week, in a few days等连用。将来进行时表示将来某个时间正在发生的动作， 或将来某个时间可能会发生的事情。一般将来时强调打算、计划、安排， 而将来进行时强调客观的可能性或主观的决心、意志。
考点(7) 固定句式或结构中的动词时态
①This/It is the first/second time＋that从句。that从句中用现在完成时。如把is改为was，则从句中用过去完成时。②It is/has been＋一段时间＋since 从句。since从句中用一般过去时。如把is改为was，则从句中用过去完成时。③was/were about to do…when…意为“将要做……(这时)突然……”。
考点(8) 不能用被动语态的几种情况
①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。②表示状态的谓语动词，如：last, hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, look like, consist of等，不能用被动语态。③表示归属的动词，如have, own, belong to等，不能用被动语态。
④表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等，不能用被动语态。⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。⑥宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有open, lock等。如：The door won't open.
考点(9) 主动语态表被动含义
①系动词feel, sound, look, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep 与形容词、名词结构构成系表结构。如：The idea sounds good.
②表示“开始，结束，运动”的动词，如begin, finish, start, act, open, close, stop, end, run, move 等。如：The meeting began at 7 o'clock this morning.
③表示主语的某种属性、特征的动词，如read, write, act, iron, cut, draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink等。这类动词一般不单独使用，常和easily, smoothly, badly, nicely, well等副词一起使用。如：The clothes wash well.④少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义，如：print, cook, fry, build, hang 等。如：The meat is cooking.⑤want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。⑥be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。⑦在“be ＋ 形容词 ＋ to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动表被动。如：This kind of water isn't fit to drink.
另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动含义。
真题典例
1．[2010·湖北卷] Last night's TV news said that by then the death of the missing people ________________(未证实)yet. (prove)
1．had not been proved 考查过去完成时的被动语态。结合by then以及句意“事实未被证实”，可知答案为had not been proved。
2．[2009·湖北卷] If times____________(变了)，have our ways of thinking changed too (change)
2．have changed 考查现在完成时。根据主句have our ways of thinking changed可知答案为have changed。
3．With the rapid development of science and technology, I can't imagine ____________________(我的家乡会是什么样子)in ten years.(what)
3．what my hometown will be/look like 考查动词短语、宾语从句和一般将来时。由in ten years可知谓语动词应用一般将来时，由短语look/be like可知答案为what my hometown will be/look like。
4．[2009·湖北卷] ________________(任何计划好了的事)is sure to change as one puts it into practice. (whatever)
4．Whatever one has planned/Whatever has been planned 考查主语从句和现在完成时。从提示词看，这里用whatever引导主语从句；主句用了一般现在时，从动作的先后顺序看，先计划好，然后再付诸实施，因此“计划了”用现在完成时。因此答案为Whatever one has planned/Whatever has been planned。
5．At present, lots of food, water, tents, and medicine________________(正在运往)from all over China and other parts of the world to the earthquake stricken areas.(transport)
5．are being transported 考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。本题需要仔细推敲句子所提供的语境，采用现在进行时的被动语态，并且主语是复数形式，由此可知答案为are being transported。
6．The fact __________________ (他失败了数次)makes him very upset. (he, fail)
6．that he has failed (for) several times 考查同位语从句和现在完成时。本题是that引导的同位语从句，由提示词“数次”可知答案为that he has failed (for) several times。
新题预测
考试动向预测(1－10小题)：
1．Since she left home, I have been worried about her and __________________________________ at all.(sleep)
自她离开家，我一直担心她，因此睡眠一直不好。
1．haven’t been sleeping well
2．I ______________ for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.(live)
虽然我在伦敦住了多年，但是我绝不后悔我最终返回中国的决定。
2．lived in London
3．As was reported, the taxi driver as well as the three boys crossing the street ______________ the traffic accident last night.(blame)
正如报道的那样，三个过街的男孩和出租车司机应该为昨天晚上的交通事故承担责任。
3．was to blame for
4．By the time the firemen arrived at the building, the fire ____________________ by the nearby citizens.(put)
待到消防队员赶到大楼时，火已被附近的居民扑灭了。
4．had been put out
5．When you phoned yesterday, I __________________________ with my daughter.(play)
你昨天给我打电话时，我正在和女儿下棋。
5．was playing chess
6．By the time they got back to the camp, they ______________________________ water. (run)
当他们回到营里时，他们的水已经用完了。
6．had run out of
7．It is the first time that the EXPO ________________________________ in a developing country. (hold)
这是第一次在发展中国家举办世博会。
7．has been held
8．By the day of the dance he still ____________ to speak to her in the way he wanted.(find)
直到舞会那天，他仍然没有找到以他想要的方式和她说话的机会。
8．had not found an opportunity/a chance
9．Every possible means ____________ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.(use)
各种能用的阻止空气污染的方法都已经用了，但天空依然浑浊。
9．has been used
10．You have to put in some extra work at night if you ____________. (leave)
如果你不想落后的话晚上就得做点额外的工作。
10．don’t want do be left behind
11．More and more high school graduates from China ________________ (被录取)key universities overseas nowadays.(admit)
11．are admitted into/to
12．Over the past sixty years, about 100 Chinese people ____________ (登上了)Mount Qomolangma successfully. (climb)
12．have climbed
13．The newest modern technology __________________ (已经采用)，which indicates the factories will produce more advanced cars very soon.(adopt)
13．has(already)been adopted
14．The chairman's speech ________________(在播送) on the radio when I turned it on. (broadcast)
14．was being broadcast
15．We haven't got the textbook for our chemistry course yet, and we ____________(尝试)to get it for the last 5 weeks. (try)
15．have been trying
16．The Smith couple ________________(正准备放弃)when a rescue team from the nearby town arrived.(give)
16．were about to give up
17．The boy is a diligent student and not once ________________(他被抓住)coming late.(catch)
17．has he been caught
18．Please don't call me at 4 tomorrow afternoon. I ________________(在开会)then.(have)
18．will be having a meeting
19．The National Development and Reform Commission ________________(一直在跟踪)the trend of the food prices recently.(follow)
19．has (always) been following
20．The other day, they ________________(聚会)when they heard a loud noise from downstairs.(have)
20．were having a party2012届高三英语二轮复习精品学案（湖北专用）：第4模块 完成句子 专题4 形容词、副词的常用结构
专题导读
完成句子对形容词、副词的考查主要侧重于形容词、副词的句式表达和词序问题等方面，同时涉及形容词与副词等的应用，侧重点比较突出，一年一个测试点。
五年高考已考测试点：
①形容词倍数比较；②形容词最高级；③“否定词＋比较级”结构。
2012年复习备考考点聚焦：
考点(1) 原级比较
①as＋原级＋as 像……一样
②not as/so＋原级＋as 不如……那样
③as＋adj.＋a/an＋名词＋as 像……一样的……
④as much＋a/an＋名词＋as 和……一样是……
考点(2) 程度比较级
①…(修饰语)＋比较级＋ than…，常见的修饰语是much, a lot, a great deal, far, even, a bit, a little, any (否定/疑问句中)，以及具体的数据。
②the＋比较级，the＋比较级 越……，越……
③the＋比较级＋of＋两者，如： the taller of the twins
④…less＋原级＋than 不如……
⑤no＋比较级＋than＝as＋该词的反义词＋as 和……一样不……
考点(3) 常见的倍数表达法
①A is 倍数 the ＋表比较内容的名词(size, weight, area, width, length 等)of B
②A is倍数 as ＋adj. 的原级large, heavy…/ many，much(＋n.) ＋ as B
③A is 倍数＋adj. 的比较级 (larger, heavier, more 等)＋than B
考点(4) 多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序
限定词(these，those…)＋数量形容词(three)＋描绘性形容词(beautiful)＋大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(large，long，high)＋新旧(old)＋颜色(red)＋国籍(Chinese)＋材料(wood)＋用途(writing)＋被修饰名词(desk)。
考点(5) 形容词作定语后置的几种情况
①当形容词修饰不定代词one，no，any，some和every构成的复合词，如：something，anything，nothing时。
I have something important to tell you.
②当“形容词＋介词短语/不定式”构成的短语作定语时。
The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer. ③用enough修饰形容词时。
enough作副词用来修饰形容词、副词时要放在所修饰词的后面。cannot与enough连用，表示“再……也不为过”。
真题典例
1．The factory’s output of cars this year is ____________________(大约是去年的三倍)．(as，great)
1．about three times as great as that of last year 考查倍数的表达。提示词是as，因此这里用“倍数词(three times)＋as…as”结构，提示部分还有另外一个被比较的对象“去年”，注意这里正确的表达应该是对等比较，即“今年的产量”和“去年的产量”，应该考虑使用代词that代替前面的不可数名词output；而且汉语提示还有“大约”，用about；因此本题的完整表达应该是about three times as great as that of last year。
2．____________________(最长的三条河流)in the world are the Niles, the Amazon, and the Changjiang River.(long)
2．The three longest rivers 考查形容词最高级。这里用“定冠词＋数词＋形容词的最高级”来表达。答案为The three longest rivers。
3．[2009·湖北卷] At the award ceremony, Mr.Jackson said, “For me, there has been____________________(没有更大的回报)than your support.”(great)
3．no greater reward/no reward greater 考查形容词比较句式。这里用“否定词＋比较级”表示“没有比……更……”，形容词greater可放在所修饰的名词前，也可放在后面与比较状语从句连在一起。答案为no greater reward/no reward greater。
新题预测
考试动向预测(1－10小题)：
1．The X Games ____________ than sports like football and basketball. (familiar)
极限运动并不像足球和篮球那么被我们熟悉。
1．are less familiar to us
2．In the Asian Games in Guangzhou, China got nearly ____________ as Japan. (many)
在广州亚运会上，中国获得的金牌数量是日本的四倍。
2．four times as many gold medals
3．The boys, ____________ could not reach the shelf, went to look for something to stand on. (tall)
那些孩子里较高的一个也够不着搁板，于是就去找可以垫脚的东西。
3．the taller of whom/of whom the taller
4．It is ____________ that nobody can move it. (such)
箱子如此重，没人移得动它。
4．such a heavy box
5．____________ to spend more time playing computer games than you do studying. (right)
花费比学习还多的时间去玩电脑游戏是不对的。
5．It’s not right for you
6．We are trying hard to make the rebuilt tower ______________________________. (wonderful)
我们努力使这座重建的塔跟过去一样美观。
6．as wonderful as (it was/used to be) in the past
7．Our city is __________________________ in our province, with a population of over 3 million. (large)
我们的城市是省内第三大城市，人口超过三百万。
7．the third largest city
8．Taking everything into consideration, the result is ________________________________. (expect)
把一切都考虑在内，结果比预期的还要好。
8．better than expected
9．This is a country that has a population almost ______________________________ America. (that)
这个国家的人口差不多是美国的三倍。
9．three times that of
10．When I told her that at the top of the mountain the air would be ____________， she said she wasn’t afraid of that. (breathe)
当我告诉她在山顶很难呼吸时，她说她不怕。
10．hard/difficult to breathe
11．Our school will be enlarged soon, and it will be ____________(大三倍)than it is now, as far as I know. (large)
11．three times larger
12．The earthquake that happened in San Francisco in 1989 was________________(第二强的地震)in the United States, which killed about 100 people. (strong)
12．the second strongest earthquake
13．I can't carry this box. Believe it or not, it's________________(重量的两倍多) of that one. (weight)
13．more than/over twice the weight
14．Tom，________(你粗心)to have left the house without turning off the light. (it)
14．it was careless of you
15．Thank you for your suggestion, Cathy. ____________________(没有更好的办法) than this to solve the problem, I think. (good)
15．There can't be a better way
16．This island is________________(最不拥挤) in December every year, when it will be cut off by ice and snow. (crowded)
16．the least crowded
17．I________________(太感谢你了)for your kindness, because without your help I can't have succeeded in the exam. (enough)
17．can't thank you enough
18．Each new way of looking at a situation improves our understanding and____________(使更容易) to discover new possibilities. (make)
18．makes it easier
19．Sorry I'll have to attend my appointment with the doctor this afternoon. It is ________________(太重要，不能错过). (too)
19．too important to be missed
20．That year in Cambridge, I remember, ____________________ (十个年轻力壮的中国学生)were required to take part in the Boat Race. (strong)
20．ten strong young Chinese students2012届高三英语二轮复习精品学案（湖北专用）：第4模块 完成句子 专题5 特殊句式与主谓一致
专题导读
“特殊句式”包括强调句、倒装句、感叹句、省略句和反意疑问句等。从近年来的高考试题看，单独考查特殊句式和主谓一致的题目很少，试题的测试经常呈交叉性，许多知识点都是嫁接在一起考查，这种交叉性的考查加大了综合考查语法的力度；同时由于该部分内容相对庞杂，学习时要注意梳理知识轮廓，细化考点的位移规律。
·五年高考已考测试点：
①否定词前置、“only ＋状语” 前置时引起的部分倒装；②强调句型；③祈使句；④it/there be等习惯用法。
·2012年复习备考考点聚焦：
★主谓一致
考点(1) 名词作主语时的主谓一致
名词作主语时，谓语动词与主语的单复数须保持一致。
1．单复数同形的名词作主语，其谓语动词应根据具体内容决定单复数。如：
①Every means has been tried.每种方法都试过了。
②These means are out of date.这些方法是过时的。
2．含all，most，half，rest等的名词词组作主语，所指的内容是可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数；反之，用单数。如：
①All of my classmates work hard.我所有的同学学习都很努力。
②All of the water is up now.现在所有的水都用光了。
3．在主谓倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：
Between the two windows hangs a picture.在两扇窗子之间挂着一幅画。
考点(2) 含有连接词的主谓一致
含有连接词的主谓一致是指对主语起连接作用的词会影响主语与谓语动词的一致关系。
1．用and或both…and…连接并列主语，其内容是复数的，谓语动词用复数。若and连接的两个单数主语指同一个人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。如：
①The teacher and writer has already come to the meeting.这位教师兼作家已来开会了。
②Both my brother and my sister are workers.我的哥哥和姐姐都是工人。
2．主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。此类连接性短语有as well as，as much as，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等。
3．以or，either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数应与就近的名词或代词一致。
考点(3) 不定量词修饰名词作主语时的主谓一致
不定量词修饰名词作主语时的主谓一致主要是指不同的不定量词修饰名词作主语时，其谓语动词也将随之变化，与主语保持一致。
1．a(great)number of，many，a few修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
2．a little，much，a great deal of，a large amount of修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
3．(large)quantities of修饰可数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。
4．the number of＋复数名词，the amount of＋不可数名词，the quantity of＋可数名词复数/不可数名词等构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
★倒装
考点(1) 全部倒装
把谓语全部提到主语前面，叫全部倒装。主要有：
1．以here，there，out，in，up，down，away，then，now，thus开头，谓语动词多为be，come，follow，go，begin，end，主语又是名词/名词词组，则用全部倒装(若主语是代词，则不能倒装)。
2．当地点类介词短语位于句首且后有不及物动词be，come，sit，live，stand，lie，exist等时，常用全部倒装。
3．such作表语，置于句首，表示“这样的人/事物；上述的人/事物”，常用全部倒装。be动词须与后面的主语保持一致。如：
Such is their decision.他们的决定就是这样。
考点(2) 部分倒装
只把助动词/系动词/情态动词提到主语前面，叫部分倒装。主要有：
1．用于以so，nor，neither开头的句子，表示重复前句的部分内容，须部分倒装，且此句的谓语应与前句的谓语在时态/形式上一致，但“so＋主语＋do”结构则表示对别人所说的情况加以肯定，它的主语与上文的主语相同，so相当于indeed，certainly。
2．在以never，seldom，not only，rarely，scarcely，in no way等否定或半否定词开头的句中用部分倒装。
3．only置于句首修饰状语(副词、介词短语)或状语从句等时用部分倒装。
4．在so…that…，such…that…句型中，当so，such引导的结构置于句首时须用部分倒装。
5．在hardly…when…，no sooner…than…，not until句型中，主句须部分倒装。
6．as引导的让步状语从句结构为：形容词/名词/动词＋as＋主语＋谓语。
7．在省略了if的虚拟条件句中，were，had或should置于句首。
8．however，no matter how引导的让步状语从句。
★强调句型
考点(1) 考查强调句式的基本结构：It is/was ＋ 被强调部分 ＋ that ＋ 句子的其余部分。强调的内容可以是句子的主语、宾语、状语。如果被强调的部分是人，that 可用who代替，其他情况一律用that。
考点(2) 考查含有“not…until…”句型的强调句式：It wasn't until…that ＋句子的其余部分。
考点(3) 考查强调句式的一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it ＋ 被强调部分 ＋ that ＋ 句子的其余部分。
考点(4) 考查变式强调句型：It must/may/might be…that…；Can/Could it be…that…？如：
It might be his father that you're thinking of.
Could it be Tom that is making the noise
注：it除了作为强调句的结构词外，其作形式主语、形式宾语及其指代用法也要引起足够的重视。it指代时间时，常考的一些句型结构：
①It is (about/high) time ＋ that从句(从句用should do/did)
②It is/has been ＋ some time ＋ since从句(从句用一般过去时)(注意从句中延续性动词意义为否定)
③It/This is the first/second…time ＋ that从句(必须使用现在完成时)(这是某人第……次做了某事)
④It was ＋时间点 ＋ when从句
⑤It was/will be some time ＋ before从句
★其他
考点(1) “祈使句＋陈述句”句型
1．and, then, and then 意思是“就，那么，才”，表示按照祈使句说的去做，会产生顺应的结果。
2．or, or else, otherwise 意思是“否则，要不，不然的话”，表示不按照祈使句说的去做，则会产生相反的结果。
考点(2) 感叹句
1．what式感叹句
①What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
②What＋形容词＋复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
③What＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
2．how式感叹句
①How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
②How＋形容词＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
考点(3) there be句式
1．there be句式中的be可以有不同的时态，而且可以和助动词或情态动词连用。如：
There have been many great changes in our country since then.
There must be a mistake somewhere.
2．there be句式中的be有时可用seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, be expected to be等替代。
3．there be句式中的be可用remain, live, stand, lie, exist等不及物动词替代。
4．there be句式有时可用于非谓语动词中，有两种形式：there being和there to be。
①there being在句中通常作原因状语、主语或用在介词或某些动词后作宾语。如：
There being no further business, I declared the meeting closed.
②there to be在句中通常作某些动词的宾语。
The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.
5．用于组成特殊句式。
①There is no use/point/sense (in) doing…做某事没用或没意义
There is no point (in) worrying about it.
②There is no doubt about…/There is no doubt that…毫无疑问……
There is no doubt that she has told the truth.
③There is no need for…/There is no need to do…没有必要……
There is no need to hurry, is there
真题典例
1．[2011·湖北卷] Not until two days after the earthquake ____________(她发现)her mother alive. (find)
1．did she find 考查部分倒装。Not until位于句首时，要用部分倒装。本句是一般过去式，故其答案为did she find。
2．[2011·湖北卷] ________________(没有必要)call me when you arrive. Just come up to my house. I'll be at home all day. (there)
2．There is/will be no need to 考查固定用法。there be no need to do意为“没有必要某事”，再根据语境可知答案为There is/will be no need。
3．[2011·湖北卷] ____________(他突然想到)that he had an important conference to attend the next morning. (occur)
3．It occurred to him 考查 occur引导的句型。it occurs to sb that意为“某人突然想到”。根据后面的动词提示“had”，可知要用一般过去时，故答案为It occurred to him。
4．[2011·湖北卷] ____________(比较这两把牙刷)and you'll find the purple one is softer. (compare)
4．Compare these/the two toothbrushes 考查句式结构。根据句子结构，可以判断本句是一个祈使句，因此句子要以动词原形开头，即答案为Compare these/the two tooth brushes。本题还间接考查了toothbrush的复数形式。
5．Not only________________(要帮助)the disabled to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for those who need it. (give)
5．will help be given to 考查倒装句、被动语态和一般将来时。当not only…but also…结构的not only放在句首时，该句的谓语要用倒装句结构；再考虑本句的“帮助”没有动作的发出者，因此用被动语态；最后结合语境，后面并列句使用了一般将来时，因此前面一句也应该用一般将来时。答案为will help be given to。
6．Seldom________________(他们玩)video games ever since they entered college. (play)
6．have they played 考查倒装和现在完成时。否定副词seldom等放在句首时，该句要用倒装句结构，另外，since从句提示play应该用现在完成时，由此可知答案为have they played。
7．It is your efforts, not your intelligence，____________(决定)your success. (determine)
7．that determine 考查强调句型和主谓一致。根据语境可知动词要用一般现在时，故答案为that determine。本题也间接考查主谓一致。
新题预测
考试动向预测(1－10小题)：
1．Not only ____________ my parents, but I also try to live up to their expectations. (respect)
我不仅尊重我的父母，而且尽我所能不辜负他们的期望。
1．do I respect
2．By no means ____________ to move to a new city since she adapts so well to the life here.(agree)
无论如何她也不会同意搬到一个新的城市，因为她适应了这里的生活。
2．will she agree
3．Only when you read between the lines several times ____________ the main idea of this passage. (sense)
只有当你多读几遍，你才能理解文章的大意。
3．can you make sense of
4．So rapidly ____________ that having been used for only a year, my cellphone is out of date. (develop)
科学发展得如此之快，以至于我的手机才用了一年，就落伍了。
4．is science developing
5．My good friend is showing me around her new flat, ____________ a beautiful garden. (lie)
我的好朋友正带着我参观她的新公寓，公寓的前面有一个漂亮的花园。
5．in front of which lies
6．— Can I smoke here
— Sorry, sir. At no time ____________ in this building. (allow)
“我可以在这里抽烟吗？”“对不起，先生。在这幢楼里，任何时间都不能吸烟。”
6．is smoking allowed
7．A spokesman said that it was bad weather ________________________________________ the delay. (blame)
一位发言人说，是坏天气应该为延误负责。advantage
7．that was to blame for
8．So difficult ____________ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. (find)
我发现计算出这道题是如此的困难，以至于我决定去向汤姆寻求建议。
8．did I find
9．It was James Watt’s observation of steam from a kettle ____________ the idea of the steam engine. (birth)
是对于水壶上冒出蒸汽的观察，才让瓦特产生了发明蒸汽机的想法。
9．that gave birth to
10．I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life ____________________________.(feel)
我最终得到了我梦想的工作。一生之中我从未感觉如此的高兴。
10．had I felt so happy
11．Not until later, when living things were transformed from non living matter, that is, dead matter，____________(它们才存在)．(exist)
11．did they exist
12．Such________________________(他取得很大进步)that he was praised.(make)
12．great progress had he made
13．Only when your identity has been checked ____________________(你才允许进入)．(allow)
13．will you be allowed in
14．________________(无论他多么晚), his mother would wait for him to have dinner together.(however)
14．However late he was
15．Not only ________________(他被逮捕)but he had been sent to prison as well. (arrest)
15．had he been arrested
16．Neither the students nor their teacher ____________(喜欢篮球), otherwise they would take part in the basketball match. (like)
16．likes basketball
17．I suggested not only____________________(他出席会议)but also give a speech there.(attend)
17．should he attend the meeting
18．To test eggs，____________________(把他们放在一个碗里)of water; if they float they're bad, if they sink they are good.(put)
18．put them in a bowl
19．When ________________ (告知) the news that a plane crashed and exploded in Yichun, all of us felt shocked and deeply saddened.(inform)
19．(we were) informed of
20．When was it ________________(你给我打电话) yesterday (call)
20．that you called me2012届高三英语二轮复习精品学案（湖北专用）：第4模块 完成句子 专题2 各种从句
专题导读
这里所说的从句包括名词性从句(即主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句)，状语从句和定语从句。与多项选择题不同，湖北卷完成句子对从句的考查非常复杂，它不单纯考查连接词，还涉及谓语动词的时态、语态以及词的搭配。试题一般不给出连接词，而是把连接词也作为考查的测试点之一。因此考查的综合性强，难度也比较大。回顾近五年的高考试题，各种从句的考查几乎全都涉及。2009年对“介词＋ 关系代词”的考查、2010年对as引导的定语从句的考查都是很有难度的。答题时要善于结合语境和题意，正确判断各种从句以及相对应的连接词，并能兼顾其他知识综合考虑，这是至关重要的。
定语从句在历年的高考全国卷及各地卷的单项填空中，都是考查的热点。
五年高考已考测试点：
①同位语从句中的虚拟语气；②主语从句及时态；③宾语从句的时态和语序；④状语从句的引导词及时态；⑤定语从句中关系词的运用。
2012年复习备考考点聚焦：
★定语从句
考点(1) 关系代词as和which
在非限制性定语从句中，as和which可代替整个主句，相当于and this或and that。二者的区别主要在于：
①as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以在主句前，也可以在主句后，有时还可以插入句中，常有“正如……，正像……”的意思。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，常译为“这”。
②若先行词有such, the same, so adj.＋a/an等修饰时，用as充当关系代词引导定语从句，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等。
考点(2) “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which。
①“介词＋关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词修饰，且有时这些数词或代词也可以放在“介词＋关系代词”之后。如：
He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.＝He loved his parents deeply, of whom both are very kind to him.
②介词＋which/whom ＋to do结构。这种结构可以改为：介词＋which/whom＋定语从句。如：
I don't have enough money with which to buy such an expensive dress.＝I don't have enough money with which I can buy such an expensive dress.
考点(3) 关系词whose
whose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语， 后跟名词。指物时，whose＋名词＝ the＋ 名词 ＋of which/＝ of which the ＋ 名词。还原为： the ＋名词＋of ＋先行词/先行词's ＋名词。如：
The classroom whose door/ the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor.(whose在从句中作定语，修饰door，定语从句可还原为：The door of the classroom is broken. )
考点(4) 关系副词when/where/why
①关系副词的分类和作用：
when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；when＝表示时间的介词(in/at/on/during…)＋which。
where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，where＝表示地点的介词(in/at/on/under…)＋which。
why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语， why＝表示原因的介词(for)＋which。
②以the way为先行词的定语从句，若way 在句中表示方式状语，则由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：
The way (in which/that) he answered the question was surprising.(in which/that在从句中充当状语)
注意：The way (which/that) he explained to us was quite simple.( which/that在从句中充当宾语)
③有时为了表达更清楚，可以在关系副词where/when前加上介词to, from等。如：
China is the birthplace of kites, from where kites spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
④一些特殊的先行词如situation, point, case, activity, scene及period, festival, occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析，作主语、宾语和表语用that/which，作状语用where/when/介词＋which。
考点(5) 定语从句中的主谓一致
①关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。如：
I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.
②one of ＋ 复数名词＋ 关系代词＋ 复数动词；而the only one of ＋ 复数名词＋ 关系代词＋ 单数动词。如：
Harry Potter is one of the best sellers that are popular with teenagers.
Harry Potter is the only one of the best sellers that makes the author a billionaire.
★名词性从句
考点(1) 引导名词性从句的连接词
1. 常见的连接词如下：
① that。that从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，that 不能省略，没有具体的汉语意思，不充当句子成分。
② whether。whether从句来源于一般疑问句，whether不能省略，意为“是否”。
注意：if 只可以连接动词(discuss除外)后的宾语从句。即：确定意思是“是否”的前提下，名词性从句的连接词优先选用whether。
③特殊疑问词。特殊疑问词引导的从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，意思为特殊疑问词本来的意思，在从句中充当句子成分。
2．名词性从句中难点、重点的连接词：
① where 可表示抽象意义，“……的地方，……点”；when 可表示“……的时候”。
② what 引导名词性从句时，可视上下文理解为the ＋名词＋that…如：what＝the thing that/anything that…；what＝the place that…；what＝the time that…；what＝the person that…
固定句型：A is to B what C is to D
小结：名词性从句不完整时，如缺主语、宾语、表语时，用what引导。
③whoever 引导名词性从句时，whoever＝anybody who…
whatever引导名词性从句时，whatever＝anything that…
whichever 引导名词性从句时，whichever＝any＋名词＋that…
Whoever (＝Anybody who) breaks the law will be punished.
考点(2) 名词性从句中的语气
①在It is necessary/natural/important/strange…＋that从句中，从句中的谓语动词用“should＋原形动词”表虚拟语气，且should可省略。
②表示“建议、命令、要求”意义的动词，后接that从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should＋原形动词”，且should可省略。
③表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词，后接that从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。这类名词有：advice，agreement，command，decision，demand, determination，order，preference，proposal，request，requirement等。
考点(3) 名词性从句中的时态
主句时态为过去时，从句时态为过去的某一时态；主句时态为现在时或将来时，从句时态视具体情况而定。
考点(4) 形式主语和形式宾语it
主语从句作句子主语，为平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，用it 作形式主语；同理，宾语从句作宾语，为平衡句子结构，避免句子中间臃肿，用it 作形式宾语，使句子瘦身。it所代替的真正的主语从句或宾语从句则放在句子的最后面。
考点(5) 引导词that与what的区别
what既有引导主语从句的作用，同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)，这时what相当于all that/everything that等，常译成“所……的(东西、事情、话等)”；而that只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分，但that引导的主语从句放在句首时，不能省略that。如：
What we can't get seems better than what we have.
That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.
★ 状语从句
考点(1) 状语从句的时态
高考主要考查时间、条件、让步状语从句用一般现在时表将来及一般过去时代替过去将来时的用法。
考点(2) 状语从句的结构
高考主要考查结构较为复杂、特殊的状语从句，如no matter＋疑问词，whatever，however，as引导的让步状语从句；“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”中的比较状语从句等。
考点(3) 状语从句的省略
在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词，保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等成分。如果从句中有“it is＋形容词”，也可以省略it is。
考点(4) 从属连词的选择和辨析
高考重点考查引导状语从句的从属连词，如引导时间状语从句的immediately，the moment，every time，once；引导条件状语从句的as long as；引导原因状语从句的now that，since；引导让步状语从句的even if，even though；引导目的状语从句的in case，in order that等。
考点(5) where引导地点状语从句
where引导的地点状语从句和where引导的定语从句、表语从句以及宾语从句的区别。如：
①The flower grows best where it often rains.这种花在经常下雨的地方长得最好。(地点状语从句)
②The flower grows best in the place where it often rains.这种花在经常下雨的地方长得最好。(定语从句)
真题典例
1．[2011·湖北卷] ________________(令球迷欣喜的)was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament. (delight)
1．What delighted the fans 考查主语从句和动词时态。本句是主语从句，句子缺少主语，所以选择what。由此可知答案为What delighted the fans。
2．[2011·湖北卷] Be careful! The machine starts ________________(你一按)the button. (moment)
2．the moment you press 考查状语从句和动词时态。the moment意为“一……就”，是一个习惯用法，据此可知答案是the moment you press。本题还间接考查从句的时态。
3．[2010·湖北卷] ________________(正如我们强调的那样)many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress)
3．as we have stressed 考查非限定性定语从句。当句子以整个主句作为先行词，又放在主句前的非限定性定语从句只能由 “as”来引导，主句的内容作定语从句谓语动词的宾语，再根据many times 可知答案为as we have stressed。
4．[2010·湖北卷] My mother was so proud of all ________________(我所做的)that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)
4．that I had done 考查定语从句。先行词是 “all”的时候，定语从句只能由 “that”引导，又因为主句是一般过去时，“我”所做的事情是过去已经完成的事情，所以要用过去完成时，由此可知答案为that I had done。
5．[2010·湖北卷] The news ________________(房价将要下跌)has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall)
5．that the housing price will fall 考查同位语从句。用 “that” 引导同位语从句，“房价”译成 “housing price”。由此可知答案为that the housing price will fall。
6．[2009·湖北卷] Such knowledge is still useful ____________(当应用) to similar situations in other countries. (when)
6．when (it is) applied 考查状语从句。从题干的搭配看，“应用”要表达为apply A to B；当状语从句的主、从句主语一致时，可用完整的状语从句或“连词＋非谓语动词”来表达， 由此可知答案为when (it is) applied。
7．Learning strategies, to ________________ (老师们认为) importance, have not yet drawn enough attention of students. (attach)
7．which (the) teachers attach/have attached 考查定语从句。根据结构可知此处应使用非限制性定语从句，提示词attach以及空格前后的to和importance暗示应使用attach importance to的短语，故完整答案为which (the) teachers attach/have attached。
8．[2009·湖北卷] After circling around the earth for three days, Shenzhou Spaceship received the command from the ground that ____________ (它着陆) as scheduled the next day. (land)
8．it (should) land 考查同位语从句及虚拟语气。此处的同位语从句为command的具体内容，故应使用that引导；当command后面接名词性从句，从句使用虚拟语气，使用“(should)＋动词原形”，由此可知答案为 it (should) land。
新题预测
考试动向预测(1－10小题)：
1．We hope the measures to control house prices, ______________________________， will succeed.(take)
我们希望政府采取的控制房价的措施会成功。
1．(which are )taken by the government
2．This letter was returned because the person to ________________ had died three years ago.(address)
信被打回来了因为收信人在三年前就死了。
2．whom it was addressed
3．I don’t like the way ________________ to speak to me.(use)
我不喜欢他跟我说话的方式。
3．(that/which) he uses
4．It was the skills ____________ at his training period that enabled him to get such a high post in that world famous company.(acquire)
正是他在培训期间获得的技能使他能在那家世界著名的公司里得到如此高的一个职位。
4．(that/which) he had acquired
5．The letter for ________________ is from his former head teacher.(wait)
那封他期盼已久的信来自他以前的班主任。
5．which he has been waiting
6．After graduation from high school we will reach a point ____________ which university to attend.(decide)
高中毕业后我们就不得不决定要上哪所大学。
6．where we have to decide
7．It was in the lab which was taken charge of by Professor Zhang __________________________________.(do)
他们正在由张教授负责的那个实验室里做实验。
7．that they were doing the experiment
8．______________， it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.(report)
正如报道的那样，清华大学已经建校一百年了。
8．As is reported
9．She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students __________________ with each other.(allow)
她有给学生创造自由交流氛围的天赋。
9．which allows them to communicate freely
10．She showed the visitors around the museum，________ had taken more than three years.(construction)
她带领游客参观了那个花了三年多才建成的博物馆。
10．the construction of which
11．The school shop，________________(其顾客大多是学生)，is closed for the holidays. (customer)
11．whose customers are mainly students
12．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ____________(运用它) somewhat differently. (use)
12．which uses it
13．When the news came________________(战争爆发), he decided to serve in the army.(break)
13．that the war broke out
14．It is still under discussion________________________(是否替代旧车站)with a modern hotel or not.(replace)
14．whether the old bus station should be replaced
15．When reports came to the office __________________(轮船沉没了), they were not taken seriously.(sink)
15．that the ship had sunk
16．You'd better take a sweater with you ______________ (以防天气变冷)．(get)
16．in case it gets cold(it should get cold)
17．After the hostage taking incident in the Philippines, the Chinese government demanded that the problems________________(被提到的) be paid special attention to. (refer)
17．(that/which had been)referred to
18．A number of children ____________________ (父母死去了的) in the earthquake were sent to live with families in other cities.(kill)
18．whose parents had been killed
19．Yesterday we listened to a speech made by the professor ____________________ (他的研究旨在) improving agriculture. (aim)
19．whose research was aimed at
20．________(被解雇)by one company doesn't necessarily mean that you have no way out to support yourself.(lay)
20．That you are laid off/Being laid off2012届高三英语二轮复习精品学案（湖北专用）：第4模块 完成句子 专题三 非谓语动词
专题导读
非谓语动词以其形式多样、结构复杂、内涵丰富、功能较多而成为高中英语教学的重点和难点，同时也是历届高考的重点测试项目。从近几年湖北高考完成句子的试题看，对非谓语动词的考查立意较低，强调对非谓语动词基本概念、基本结构及其基本功能的考查。考查内容涉及非谓语动词的各种时态与语态；不定式、现在分词及过去分词作状语、补足语、定语，以及动名词用作主语、宾语，还有独立主格结构等。一般来说，重复考查同一概念的几率较小，所以复习时要善于分析归纳知识盲区，并进行针对性的训练，以提高学习的有效性。
五年高考已考测试点：
①非谓语作状语；②非谓语作主语；③非谓语作宾语；④非谓语作定语；⑤独立主格结构。 2012年复习备考考点聚焦：
考点(1) 非谓语作主语和宾语
其主要考点如下：
1．动名词作主语及其复合结构和主语从句之间的转换。如：
His being elected our team leader (＝That he was elected our team leader)made us all very excited.他被选为我们的队长，这使我们都很兴奋。
2．接v. ing形式作宾语的动词。
①下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can't help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, appreciate, escape, permit等。
②下列动词短语后接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth等。
③介词后要接动名词：what about，how about，without，be fond of，be good at等。
3．接不定式和动名词作宾语意义有别的动词。
remember to do sth.记住要做某事；remember doing sth.记得做过某事
forget to do sth.忘记要做某事； forget doing sth.忘记做过某事
regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事； regret doing sth.后悔做过某事
try to do sth.设法……，试图； try doing sth.试试看，试一试
mean to do sth.打算做……，想要；mean doing sth.意味着，就是
注：need/want/require doing(＝to be done) 需要被做
4. “特殊疑问词＋ 不定式”结构作主语和宾语。下列动词后可接“特殊疑问词＋不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find，out，advise，discuss等。
5. “wish/intend/plan/mean… ＋to have done”表示过去未曾实现的愿望。
6．常考句型：(1)It's ＋adj./n. ＋to do和It's no good/no use doing
(2)It is good(nice，clever，wise，foolish，stupid…)of sb. to do sth.
It is possible(important, necessary…)for sb. to do sth.
(3)consider, think, make, feel, find, know, regard, believe ＋ it ＋宾补(adj./n.)＋to do sth.
(4)have trouble/difficulty/a good time(in) ＋doing；
(5)It takes sb. some time to do sth.
(6)have no choice but to do sth./cannot help but do sth.
考点(2) 非谓语作定语和补语
其主要考点如下：
1．分词、不定式作定语的区别。
过去分词作定语表示被动的、完成的动作，或是不具有时间性的概念；现在分词表示动作正在发生或与谓语同时发生；不定式一般表示未来的、具体的动作。此外，分词作定语时经常和定语从句相互转化。如：
The Computer Centre , built last year(完成的、被动的), costs lots of money, being built now(进行的、被动的)。→相应时态的定语从句：
The Computer Centre, which was built last year, costs lot of money, which is being built now.
2．分词、不定式作补语的区别。
现在分词强调动作的进行；过去分词强调动作的被动性、完成性；不定式侧重动作的全过程。常带分词、不定式作补语的两类典型动词：
(1)种类：感官动词see, notice, watch, observe, catch(sight of), listen to, hear, feel, find等。
使役动词have, make, get, leave, send, keep等。
(2)结构：see(watch, notice…)＋宾语＋ doing/being done/done/do(主动)→
be seen (watched, noticed…) ＋ doing/being done/done/to do(被动)
3．不定式作定语的特殊用法。
(1)下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。
(2)不定式有时要用主动形式表示被动意义。
①不定式的逻辑主语和逻辑宾语都出现在不定式前面，只能用主动形式；若在句中找不到不定式的逻辑主语，则用不定式的被动形式。如：
Do you have anything to wash today (to wash的逻辑主语为句子的主语you)
Do you have anything to be washed？(to be washed不是you做，而是由“我”或其他人来做)
②在形容词以及含有形容词的名词后的不定式，一般用主动形式表示被动意义，其中形容词常见的有easy, difficult, important, impossible等。如：
The work is impossible to finish in two days.(The work is finished)
4．常考句型：be reported/said/…＋to do/to be doing/to have done…
考点(3) 非谓语作状语和表语
其主要考点如下：
1．现在分词、过去分词和不定式作状语的区别。
不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果。in order(not) to, so as(not)to用来引导目的状语；enough, too, so…as to do, such…as to do作结果状语，如：The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus. I'm not such a fool as to believe that.
现在分词和过去分词主要作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随状语，两者不同之处在于：现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，而过去分词作状语时，其动作与句子主语之间是被动关系。
2．现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。
现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特征，有“令人……”之意，如amusing, exciting, interesting, surprising…；过去分词说明主语所处的状态，有“对……感觉如何”之意，如excited, relaxed, worried, shocked, disappointed…
3．常考句型：①句型：one‘s dream/plan/goal/aim/intention/purpose/… is to do sth.
②sth. remain done (某事某物处于……状态)/ sth. remain to be done(＝undone)(某事某物有待于……)
③ do all one can to do sth.意为“尽力做……”
④too＋adj./adv.＋to do sth.结构表示否定意义，意为“太……而不能……”too ready(glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy…)＋to结构表示肯定意义。
考点(4) 独立分词结构：名称或代词主格＋分词
如果构成分词的动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，则使用表示主动意义的现在分词；如果构成分词的动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则使用表示被动意义的过去分词；如： The problems solved (＝ As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。
考点(5) 独立不定式结构：名称或代词主格＋不定式
①不定式的主动形式。在独立不定式结构中，如果“名词或代词主格”是“不定式”动作的发生者，则两者在逻辑上存在主谓关系，用不定式的主动形式。如：
Nobody to help us tomorrow, we can't finish our task ahead of time. 明天没有人来帮忙，我们不可能提前完成任务。
②不定式的被动形式。如果“名词或代词主格”是“不定式”动作的承受者，则两者在逻辑上存在动宾关系，用不定式的被动形式。 如：
More presents to be given, she will find it difficult to accept. 再多给她一些礼物，她就会觉得很难接受。
考点(6) with＋宾语＋宾语补足语
充当宾语补足语的是形容词、副词、分词、不定式、介词短语等。其中不定式表示尚未发生的、将来的动作；动词的 ing形式表示主动的、正在进行的动作；过去分词则强调被动意义，也可表示动作已完成。
考点(7) 特色句式
①There being ＋ 名词或代词主格。这是独立主格结构的一种特殊形式，在意义上表示存在，充当原因状语或条件状语，其中的being不能省略。如：
There being nothing interesting in the lecture (＝ As there was nothing interesting in the lecture), the listeners felt a bit sleepy. 因为演讲中没有什么令人感兴趣的东西，听众感到有点困倦。
②有的分词短语可以独立存在，在句子中没有逻辑主语。如：generally speaking，judging from/by，supposing(假如)等。
③有些固定短语是带to的不定式，表明说话人的立场或态度，在句子中作独立成分。如：to be honest，to be sure, to tell you the truth，to cut a long story short，to be frank，to make matters/things worse等等。
真题典例
1．[2011·湖北卷] It was cold and damp; the man pulled up his collar and put his hands to his ____________(冻僵了的脸)．(freeze)
1．frozen face 考查过去分词作前置定语。face和freeze之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。答案为frozen face。
2．[2011·湖北卷] ________________(把钥匙握在手上), he looked for them everywhere. (hold)
2．Holding the keys in the/(his)hand/With the keys held in the(his)hand/The keys held in the/(his)hand 考查现在分词作伴随状语。其中，hold和he之间构成的是主动关系，故用现在分词，其答案为Holding the keys in the/ his hand。同时，表示伴随状态的状语还可以用with的复合结构，这个时候key和hold之间构成的就是被动关系，故其答案为With the keys held in the/his hand；不仅如此，主分句的动词的逻辑主语不一致，故此处还可以运用独立主格结构，其答案为The keys held in the/his hand。
3．[2011·湖北卷] A number of the paintings in this castle are believed ____________(被毁掉)in a fire in 2009.(destroy)
3．to have been destroyed 考查不定式用法。It be said/believed/thought/considered/reported that sb./sth.…＝sb./sth. be said/believed/thought/considered/reported to…是一固定结构。根据句子含义，“毁掉”这个动作发生在“认为”之前，并且已经完成，故选择不定式的完成时to have done；同时，paintings和destroyed之间是被动关系，故答案为被动完成时to have been destroyed。
4．[2010·湖北卷] ________________(不会用)a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research. (use)
4．Not being able to use/Being unable to use/Not being capable of using/Being incapable of using 考查动名词作主语。
5．[2010·湖北卷] After she completes the project, she'll have ________________(没什么要担心的). (worry)
5．nothing to worry about 考查不定式作后置定语。动词 “worry”与被修饰的名词 “nothing” 形成动宾关系，由于 “worry” 是不及物动词，后面须加上介词about，由此可知答案为nothing to worry about。
6．[2010·湖北卷] ____________(油漆成)red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive. (paint)
6．Painted 考查过去分词作状语。主语 the building是动作paint的作用对象，因此用过去分词Painted。
7．[2009·湖北卷] When you are finished with the electric iron, don't forget ____________(关掉它). (turn)
7．to turn it off 考查非谓语动词。forget to do sth意为“记着要去做”；“关掉”是turn sth off；并且要注意代词的用法。根据语境可知答案为to turn it off。
8．[2009·湖北卷] ____________ (获得奖学金) gave Martin the chance to go to a college in one of the northern states.(win)
8．Winning a scholarship 考查动名词作主语。“获得奖学金”是win a scholarship，此处要用动名词作主语，因此答案为winning a scholarship。
9．—You'd better go and________________(把你的轿车洗洗)．
—No, I 'll do it myself.(wash)
9．have/get your car washed 考查have sth.done结构。根据答语可知，这里表示“让某事被别人做”，应该用have sth done结构，由此可知答案为have/get your car washed。
10．They sat together around the table, with____________(门关着)．(shut)
10．the door shut 考查独立主格结构。本题是“with＋名词/代词＋非谓语动词”型的独立主格结构，名词the door与“关着”是动宾关系，故用过去分词shut，由此可知答案为the door shut。
新题预测
考试动向预测(1－10小题)：
1．____________ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.(remain)
吉姆是否适合打决赛还有待证明。
1．It remains to be seen
2．____________， the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.(bite)
被咬了两次，邮递员拒绝给我们送信了，除非我们把狗锁起来。
2．Bitten twice
3．The old lady is said to have three children，two of them ____________.(study)
这位老太太有三个孩子，其中两个在国外学习。
3．studying abroad
4．My daughter was badly hurt in the accident.I really regretted ____________ from school yesterday.(pick)
我的女儿在事故中严重受伤。我很后悔昨天没有开车去学校接她。
4．not having picked her up/not picking her up
5．Misunderstandings arising from lack of social communication，unless ____________，may lead to serious problems.(handle)
因缺少社会沟通而产生的误解如果不妥善处理的话很可能会导致严重的问题。
5．handled properly
6．When she noticed the teacher ____________，she lowered her head in shame.(stare)
当她注意到老师正盯着她的时候，她羞愧地低下了头。
6．staring at her
7．Every year one million tourists visit Stonehenge, which is believed ____________ before the Pyramids, about 4000 years ago. (construct )
每年都有上百万的人参观巨石阵，它被认为是修建于比金字塔更早的四千年前。
7．to have been constructed
8．The mudslide is reported ____________ more than 1400 lives in Zhouqu County. (claim)
据报道，发生在舟曲县的塌方已夺去了1400多人的生命。
8．to have claimed
9．The mine explosion in Heilongjiang Province caused 104 deaths, with four other miners still ____________.(trap)
黑龙江省的煤矿爆炸导致了104人死亡，仍有4名矿工被困地下。
9．trapped underground
10．To every one of us, ____________ is a great honor. (admit)
对于我们中的每一个人来说，被北大录取是极大的荣幸。
10．being admitted to/into Beijing University
11．At Beijing Olympic Opening Chinese families sat in front of TV and watched the ceremony，____________(感到非常自豪)．(feel)
11．feeling very proud
12．The kid was so proud of his work that he was just sitting there with ____________(跷着二郎腿), waiting for praise from his teacher. (cross)
12．his legs crossed
13．The catastrophy ____________(呈现出来的) in the movie 2012 is so striking that it takes away the breath of audience. (present)
13. (which/that is) presented
14．The hottest topic of this week ____________ (正在谈论)on newspapers and TV programs is Wall Street financial crisis and what the White House is going to do with it.(talk)
14．being talked about/that is being talked about
15．I also remember ____________(听说过)the moon cycle and that crafters or magic users will be affected by those moon cycles.(tell)
5．being told about
16．A new school is announced ____________(要修建)in this city, but I don't know when the project will be put into practice.(build)
16. to be built
17．I'm going to Wuhan. Do you have anything ____________ (要带过去)there？(take)
17．to be taken
18．The sports meet, originally due ____________ (举行) last Friday, was finally called off because of the bad weather. (hold)
18．to be held
19．____________ (不像)her mother, she is not beautiful in appearance. (resemble)
19．Not resembling
20．Not ____________________(看完那本小说)，Tom knew nothing about its tragic ending. (finish)
20．having finished reading the novel2012届高三英语二轮复习精品学案（湖北专用）：第4模块 完成句子 模块综述
考纲解读
湖北高考英语科《考试说明》指出，完成句子这一题型测试的重点是英语语言知识的综合运用，注重考查学生运用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力；2009年湖北高考英语科《补充说明》又指出，该部分“测试考生准确使用英语语法、词汇进行书面表达的能力”； 在试题的排列形式上，完成句子是书面表达部分的第一节，即书面表达的前奏曲。由此可见，完成句子像书面表达一样是在考查学生运用英语语言表达的能力。该题型既考查英语语法知识，又兼顾词类的搭配和句型的变化；既考查了学生的综合语言运用能力，又能在科学的评分标准框架下区分不同层次的学生，对于引导学生更加注重对英语基础知识的掌握有很好的导向作用。
命题分析
(1)命题策略。在具体的语境中，考查英语语言知识的综合运用，强调语言知识和语法知识的纵横搭配，凸显“语言＋语法＋语境”三位一体的命题理念。测试方式由显性的选择性测试迁变成隐性的写作性测试。加强和升华了语法知识在具体语境中的运用，最佳地体现了语言的交际性原则。并以此为基点，考查考生的语言输出能力，即综合运用英语语法知识的能力。
(2)命题方式。每题在一句话中留出空白，要求考生根据括号内的汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子。使用给定词的约束来决定答案的唯一性或尽可能单一性，避免多样性和复杂化，以增加阅卷的便利性。
(3)命题范围。根据近五年的高考试题来看，试题以考查语法为主，考点位移转换快、辐射面广，一年一个侧重点，内容涉及到高中阶段考纲要求掌握的所有重点语法项目。比如：2007年考查了独立主格结构、情态动词、不定式的被动语态等； 2008年考查了形容词最高级、倒装句和现在完成时、强调句和主谓一致等；2009年考查了动名词作主语、虚拟语气、定语从句；2010年考查了同位语从句、动名词短语作主语、非限定性定语从句；2011年除了沿袭传统的考点外，又增加了虚拟语气和句式结构等新考点。
(4)题干特点。试题的题干较长、语境丰富。2009年10个题中只有2题的题干词数少于10个词，2010年10个题的词数几乎全部超出了10个词，其中第79题的词数超出了23词。试题的语料来源丰富多彩，语境氛围浓厚，题目的选材设计极富真实性、时代性和交际性。比如：2008年第40题关于5·12汶川大地震后的抗震救灾，很有时代感；2010年第74题关于房价下跌，是关注民生的话题。
(5)答案特点。根据近五年湖北完成句子试题看，该题的答案有三个明显特征：①词控性。几乎80%的答案词数都控制在4个或4个词以内，只有2—3个题会达到5—7个词。比如：2009年10个题的答案词数均控制在4个词或以内，2010年有9个题的答案词数控制在4个词或以内；②唯一性。为了阅卷的便利，答案的设置越来越精巧，答案的唯一性也越来越强。③集中性。随着该题型的日趋完善，答案的命题越来越科学。一题中综合考查多个语法和词汇知识的题目越来越少，一般情况下都是一个题目凸显一项重要的语法概念，多点考查的现象越来越淡化。
应试点睛
完成句子涉及的考点广泛，既包含对语法知识的考查，又包含对语言知识的考查，还有对考生逻辑思维能力和翻译能力的综合考查。因此，学习时要从下面几个方面着手完成句子的备考：
1. 强化语法概念，积累知识储备。
正如前面分析到的那样，完成句子的试题其实是加强和升华了语法知识在具体语境中的运用。因此，在专题复习中，要加强对重要语法项目的学习，尤其是时态语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、强调句型、比较结构、倒装和虚拟语气等主要语法项目，弄清基本概念，掌握基本规律，积累牢固扎实的知识储备，并且要以完成句子的形式进行科学规范的训练。
2. 树立结构意识，规范答题步骤。
即要把分析句子结构、分析句子成份的思想运用到“完成句子”中来。“完成句子”考查的对象一般是一个短语、某个词的固定搭配、习惯用语或特殊句型。这些无不和句子结构息息相关。具体说来要从以下几个解题步骤入手：
(1)通读句子，找出考点。该题的特点就是每题在一句话中留出空白，要求考生根据括号内的汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子。所以，考生在通读句子后，迅速地捕捉到句子大意并根据提示词确定考题的信息点是非常关健的。如：________(我们将如何制定这项计划)has been explained clearly by the teacher.(plan)从句子结构来看，这里要补充一个主语，即主语从句；而提示词plan和“制订计划”让我们获取短语make/work out a plan…所以，该题考查的测试点包括：①名词性从句的用法；②plan的固定搭配。最后形成答案：How we will make/work out the plan。
(2)写出考点，适当筛选。英语作为一门语言，一种交际工具，它的功能在于它的应用性和它的实践性；英语词汇作为一种语言符号，同样的符号会有不同的表现形式或者构成不同的搭配。比如，All our supply of food________(已用完) (run). 首先，表示“用完”并且和run搭配的词组有run out, run out of，通过筛选，选择符合语境的最佳结构是run out；然后结合时态和语态确立正确答案为：has run out。
(3)发散思维，完成句子。发散思维是和聚合思维或单一思维相对应的。它从心理学角度引导我们要从尽可能多的角度思考问题，以达到全面而准确地解答问题的目的。把它引用到完成句子中是很有必要的。一道完成句子题正确答案的得出是要经过多个过程的，而每一个过程之间又是紧密联系的，忽视其中任何一个环节都将带来前功尽弃的后果。如：________(不会用)a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research. (use)解答此题要经过以下步骤：第一步，分析句子结构，判断句子成分——缺少主语；第二步，根据提示词得出考点短语——be (not) able
to/be unable to；第三步，根据语法知识确立正确答案：Not being able to use/Being unable to use。我们经常会看到这种情形：很多考生10道题都做了，但是得分不多。究其原因不是一无所知，而是思维狭窄、单一，以致疏忽大意而顾此失彼，环环扣分。一个人的思维方式的形成和良好的行为习惯是分不开的。因此，考生要早日养成细心而周密的发散思维习惯，多做一些相关练习以提高多角度思考问题和解决问题的能力。
(4)查漏补缺，不忘检查。俗话说：智者千虑，必有一失。 况且完成句子还有严格的评分标准。因此，答案确立后一定要细心检查，缜密考虑。建议从以下方面进行检查：
①语法完整。在英语学习中，语法知识是熟练运用英语语言的关键，是考生提高基本技能的基石。
在完成句子这一题型中，语法考点主要覆盖以下内容：主谓一致；时态语态；非谓语动词；名词性从句；定语从句；状语从句；动词的过去式与过去分词；倒装句；情态动词 ＋完成时的用法；形容词和副词的比较级等。检查时注意主谓一致问题，时态语态问题，指代问题，助动词误用或乱用问题。
②结构完整。完整的结构包括完整的句子结构和正确的习惯搭配。考点中的句子结构会涉及：强调句；感叹句；倒装句；there be句型；动词＋宾＋宾补；祈使句；比较级的句子结构和系表结构等。而习惯搭配则需要考生熟练掌握并能灵活运用。
③意义完整。完整的意义强调所填之词在句意逻辑上的合理性，所用的英文词形、词性及搭配与汉语提示相吻合。避免句法、词法错误。句法主要包括主、谓、宾的关系问题。词法主要包括词形误用、词性混用、词义乱用、搭配不当以及冠词问题等等。
④情景完整。完整的情景要求考生在预测语言情境的前提下选用最佳的语法形式和最佳的词汇搭配。
⑤书写正确。检查书写错误，包括错词、别词、误写、缺笔多画等，因此建议答题时不要连笔，书写应仔细、工整、清楚、爽目。最后还应该有一个核对过程，确保审题的严谨和思考的周密能清楚无误地体现在答题卡上。
总之，要想提高完成句子的表达能力，在日常的英语学习中一定要加强积累，注意语境和运用，重视语法知识和句型结构的学习，并在广泛的阅读中加以领悟和实践。同时养成良好的解题习惯，形成缜密的思维习惯，细致全面，追求完美，千万不可顾此失彼。2012届高三英语二轮复习精品学案（湖北专用）：第4模块 完成句子 专题6 情态动词与虚拟语气
专题导读
情态动词与虚拟语气是高中语法学习的难点和重点。高考英语完成句子对情态动词的考查主要涉及常见情态动词的基本用法，特别侧重于情态动词表推测的用法和特殊结构中情态动词的应用。高考完成句子对虚拟语气的考查重点在于根据句子的语境灵活多样地运用虚拟语气，宾语从句中虚拟语气的应用，交际用语中为表委婉而使用的虚拟语气，含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气，以及特殊句型中的虚拟语气等。学好虚拟语气，除了掌握基本的结构外，还要注意句子所表达的意义是与现在、过去，还是将来事实相反，看清时间状语，另外还要注意在其他结构中虚拟语气的运用。
·五年高考已考测试点：
①情态动词与完成式；②宾语从句、同位语从句、条件句中的虚拟语气；③情态动词的推测功能；④should/can等情态动词的基本用法。
·2012年复习备考考点聚焦：
考点(1) 情态动词与完成式
“情态动词＋have＋过去分词 ”结构是情态动词专项考查的难点和重点，记住以下最常考查的结构：
①must have done 过去一定做了某事
②can‘t/couldn’t have done 过去不可能做了某事
③may/might have done 过去可能做了某事
④needn‘t have done本来没有必要做而实际做了某事
⑤could have done本来能够做而实际没有做某事
⑥should/ought to have done本来应该做而实际没有做某事
⑦shouldn't/oughtn't to have done本来不该做而实际做了某事
考点(2) 情态动词的推测功能
can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推测，使用时要注意以下几点：①注意语气。语气较强用must, cannot，couldn't；语气较弱may，might或can，could；②注意句式。在肯定句中，一般用may，might，must；在否定句、疑问句中常用can，could；③注意时态。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时通常用“情态动词＋ 动词原形”结构；表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用“情态动词＋进行式”结构；表示对过去情况的推测，通常用“情态动词＋完成式”结构。
考点(3) can的一些特殊搭配
①can't…too/over ＝can't…adj./adv. enough 再……也不过分
②can't help/choose but do… 不得不做……
③can't help (to) do不能帮忙做
④can't help doing情不自禁做
⑤can't/couldn't agree more 十分赞成
⑥it can't/couldn't be better 十分好，非常好
⑦might as well还是……的好；不妨
考点(4) 虚拟语气的基本用法
①与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语＋动词的一般过去时(be动词用were)＋其他成分＋if＋主语＋should/would/could…＋动词原形＋其他成分。
②与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语＋动词的过去完成时＋其他成分＋if＋主语＋should/would/could…＋have done＋其他成分。
③与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语＋动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do＋其他成分＋if＋主语＋should/would/could…＋动词原形＋其他成分。
考点(5) 含蓄虚拟条件句
这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。
考点(6) 主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句
在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。
考点(7) 名词性从句中的虚拟语气
在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在it作形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。
考点(8) wish/if only/would rather从句中的虚拟语气
wish，would rather引导的宾语从句及if only所引导的从句，须用虚拟语气，即从句用一般过去时(be用were)表示与现在或将来的事实不符；从句用过去完成时，表示与过去事实不符。
真题典例
1．[2011·湖北卷] If ____________(我没有喝) alcohol last night, I could have driven my car home. ( drink )
in helping transport and pull up the stones.(hand)
1．I hadn't drunk 考查if引导的虚拟语气。根据主句I could have driven my car home，可以判断该处是对过去时间的虚拟，故分句部分要用过去完成时，由此可知答案为I hadn't drunk。
2．[2010·湖北卷] Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention ____________ (讨论) at the meeting. (discuss)
2．(should) be discussed 考查虚拟语气。insist引导的宾语从句要用虚拟，从句结构是 “(should)＋动词原形”；主语 problem与“讨论”之间是被动关系，故答案为(should) be discussed。
3．[2010·湖北卷] It's said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but they __________________(不可能做到)because the ocean in between is too wide. (do)
3．can't/couldn't have done it/so/that/this 考查情态动词。本句是对过去情况进行的否定推测，故用 “can't/couldn't have＋done”结构。
4．[2009·湖北卷] After circling around the earth for three days, Shenzhou Spaceship received the command from the ground that ____________(它着陆)as scheduled the next day.(land)
4．it (should) land 考查虚拟语气。command此处引导宾语从句，从句结构为“(should＋)动词原形”。
5．I fell so sick. I wish Mum________________(没有逼我)to eat so much.(force)
5．hadn't forced me 考查虚拟语气。从语境看，这里应该是表示对过去情况或延续到现在的情况的虚拟，故用过去完成时。
6．He looks sleepy. He must________________(熬夜了)last night, writing the essay.(stay)
6．have stayed up 考查情态动词表推测。根据题目中的时间提示可知是对过去发生的情况的推测，因此用must have done结构。
7．He believes that children________________________(应允许……学习)at their own pace. (allow)
7．should/ought to be/must allowed to learn/study 考查情态动词的用法和非谓语动词。根据提示词首先选定情态动词should/ought to/must；“允许……”要表达为allow sb to sth，此处是被动语态，由此可知答案为should/ought to/must be allowed to learn/study。
8．It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he________________(可能参与) in planning the monument, or
8．may/might/could have had a hand 考查“情态动词＋完成式”。表示“可能性”应用may/might；由于是对过去情况的推测，动词应该使用完成式；表示“参与”应用动词短语have a hand in，由此可知答案为may/might/could have had a hand。
新题预测
考试动向预测(1－10小题)：
1．When Edison died, it was suggested that the American people ____________ all power for several minutes in honor of this great man.(turn)
当爱迪生去世时，人们建议所有的美国人关闭电源几分钟来纪念这位伟人。
1．(should) turn off
2．Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy ______________.(save)
如果我知道这一电脑程序的话，大量的时间和精力就节省下来了。
2．would have been saved
3．It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ____________ after 11 o’clock at night.(play)
宾馆的管理方很有礼貌地请求，晚上11点之后不要开收音机了。
3．(should)not be played
4．Had not the entrance been spotted by French pot holer, Berger，the cave ____________________.(discover)
要不是法国的洞穴专家——Berger发现入口的话，这个洞穴也许永远不会为人所知了。
4．might never have been discovered
5．Your advice ____________ till next week is unreasonable, so she is wise not to take it. (wait)
你让她一直等到下周的建议是不合情理的。她没有接受，真是很明智。
5．that she (should) wait
6．Doctors strongly recommend that fathers ____________ their babies’ birth. (present)
医生们强烈建议，婴儿出生时，父亲应该到场。
6．(should) be present at
7．When Xu Bingyu graduated from college in 2003, he chose to teach in a mountainous area of GuiZhou Province when he ____________ an easy city life. (enjoy)
当许冰雨2003年大学毕业时，他选择了到贵州省的山区教书，尽管他本可以享受安逸的城市生活。
7．could have enjoyed
8．—What’s that terrible smell
—Oh，I forgot about the chicken! Go and look，it ____________！(burn)
“那是什么可怕的气味？”“哦，我忘了鸡肉！去看看，一定是烧着了！”
8．must be burning
9．Mike’s father, as well as his mother insisted that he ____________.(stay)
迈克的父亲以及母亲坚持主张，他应该呆在家里。
9．(should) stay (at) home
10．I didn’t know his telephone number otherwise I __________________________________.(telephone)
我不知道他的电话号码，否则我就会给他打电话。
10．would have telephoned him
11．I didn't see her in the meeting room this morning, she____________________(不可能发言)at the meeting.(speak)
11．can't/couldn't have spoken
12．The careless man received a ticket for speeding, he________________________(本不应该开那么快)．(drive)
12．shouldn't/oughtn't to have driven so fast
13．My English Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who____________________(可能拿了)？(take)
13．could/can have taken it
14．I ________________________ (本不该拜访) her, but I missed her so much. (visit)
14．should not/ought not to have visited
15．—She was in class on Friday afternoon, but no one has seen her since then.
—She ____________________(可能遭遇了事故)．(have)
15．might have had an accident
16．The doctor gave an order in the hospital that smoking ____________________(禁止)．(permit)
16．(should)not be permitted
17．At this moment, our teacher ________________(一定在批改)our exam papers. (mark)
17．must be marking
18．With the presidents of Tunisia and Egypt forced to step down, more leaders have realized it is high time ________(重视)to economy and political freedom.(attach)
18．shouldn't have fed
19．We breathed a sigh of a relief at last. Had she known about the risks, she ____________________(可能经受不住)with the operation.(go)
19．might not have gone through
