(共47张PPT)
中考二轮复习
非谓语动词
通用版
九年级
中考英语复习语法专题
非谓语动词
通用版
2021
2021年3月
目录
CONTENTS
多面手
–
不定式
A
伪装者
–
动名词
B
伴行者
–
现在分词
C
神秘人
–
过去分词
D
非谓语动词
一个简单句有且只有一个谓语动词，多个动词则需要确定一个谓语动词，其它的动词需要变为非谓语动词形式；
非谓语动词无主语，无人称、数和时态变化限制；
非谓语动词主要是三种：不定式（to
do）、动名词（doing）和分词（包括现在分词doing和过去分词done）。
非谓语动词
不定式
动名词
现在
分词
过去
分词
to
do
doing
done
分
词
非谓语动词的意义分析
类别
意义
不定式
动名词
现在分词
过去分词
时态方面
将来
已发生
进行
已发生
语态方面
主动
主动
主动
被动
示例
forget
to
do
forget
doing
boiling
water
boiled
water
非谓语动词的句法功能分析
句子成分
分类
主语
表语
宾语
宾补
定语
状语
同位语
独立成分
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
√
√
√
分词
√
√
√
√
√
动词不定式
作主语，表示具体的动作，谓语动词一般用单三形式，常用it作形式主语，而不定式通常放后面。
经典句型：It’s
important
to
know
how
to
study.
to
know
…
是真正的主语；
how
to
study
是“特殊疑问词+不定式”的结果，用法见此处。
动词不定式
可作及物动词的宾语。若后面有宾补时，常用it做形式宾语，不定式放句末。
经典句型：I
found
it
hard
to
learn
to
ride
a
bike.
to
ride
a
bike是及物动词
learn的宾语；to
learn
…
是found真正的宾语，因后面有hard这一宾补，所以用it作形式主语。
动词不定式
作介词宾语，多用于“句子+介词+不定式”的结构中，介词仅限于but,
except,
than
等。
It’s
better
to
give
than
to
receive.
I
had
no
choice
but
to
work
hard.
动词不定式
系动词后作表语，表示主语的具体动作或目的等。
A
good
way
of
learning
English
is
to
listen
to
English
songs.
The
best
way
to
fight
the
stress
is
to
have
a
balanced
life.
动词不定式
在宾语后面作宾补
He
invited
me
to
take
part
in
the
party.
跟带to不定式作宾补的常见动词：
建议鼓励少命令
advise,
encourage,
order
允许警告教要求
allow,
warn,
teach,
ask
告诉要求做宾补
tell,
invite
动词不定式
在宾语后面作宾补（不带to）
I
saw
the
teacher
get
out.
跟不带to不定式作宾补的常见动词：
一感
feel
二听
hear,
listen
三让
let,
have,
make
五看
see,
watch,
look,
notice,
observe
半帮助
help
动词不定式
在名词或代词后面作定语
I
have
nothing
to
do.
Life
is
on
the
way
to
achieve
the
goal.
动词不定式
在句首用作目的状语
To
save
energy,
turn
off
the
hot
water
after
you
take
a
shower.
To
learn
about
the
plants,
we
planted
some
seeds.
动词不定式
在sorry,
surprised,
glad等表情感的形容词后作原因状语
I’m
glad
to
see
you.
I
was
surprised
to
see
my
sister’s
photograph
on
a
magazine
cover.
动词不定式
在only
to,
enough
to,
too…
to
,
so
…
as
to,
such
as
to等词组中作结果状语
I
think
we’re
old
enough
to
choose
our
own
clothes.
The
boys
came
back
again
only
to
get
5
cents.
only
to
用
来强调出人意料的结果，意为“不料”
动词不定式
作插入语，表示说话者的态度、语气等
To
be
honest,
I
wish
I
had
mad
this
decision
years
ago.
To
start
with,
I’d
like
to
introduce
myself.
to
begin/start
with
首先
to
speak
frankly
坦诚地说
to
be
frank
坦诚地说
to
be
honest
老实说
to
tell
the
truth
说实话
动词不定式
“特殊疑问词+不定式”
构成名词性短语。
I
don’t
know
what
to
do.
I
don’t
know
how
to
do
it.
非谓语动词
不定式
动名词
现在
分词
过去
分词
to
do
doing
done
分
词
动名词
动词特征
有时态语态变化
有自己的宾语
可被状语（从句）修饰
可保留自己的逻辑主语
名词特征
可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾补、同位语等
动名词
作主语，表示习惯性、经常性动作，谓语动词用单三形式
In
China,
eating
long
noodles
means
you’ll
live
a
long
life.
为避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语在句首。
It’s
useless
making
the
knife
sharper.
动名词
作表语，表示习惯性或抽象性动作，说明主语的内容
Helping
others
is
helping
yourself.
One
of
his
best
hobbies
is
collecting
stamps.
动名词
作定语，表示修饰词的用途、目的，置于被修饰词前，不存在逻辑上的主谓关系和动宾关系。
You
must
eat
in
the
dinning
hall.
A
beautiful
swimming
pool
lies
in
the
yard.
动名词
作动词宾语
I
have
finished
writing
the
report.
enjoy
喜欢
suggest
建议
permit
允许
allow
允许
admit
承认
excuse
原谅
keep
保持
can’t
help
情不自禁
appreciate
感激
consider
考虑
mind
介意
avoid
避免
feel
like
想要
risk
冒险
advise
建议
miss
错地
be/get
used
to
习惯于
finish
完成
imagine
想象
practice
练习
give
up
放弃
动名词
作同位语，位于先行词之后，对先行词进行解释或补充说明，一般用逗号隔开。
Plants
must
have
good
water
controlling
systems,
allowing
them
to
keep
water
during
dry
seasons.
动名词
动名词的逻辑主语(动作的发出者）通常由名词所有格、形容词性物主代词充当，构成动名词的复合结构。
Would
you
mind
my
opening
the
window?
My
worry
is
your
replying
too
much
on
your
parents.
非谓语动词
不定式
动名词
现在
分词
过去
分词
to
do
doing
done
分
词
现在分词
构成形式：“动词原形
+
-ing”
相当于形容词或者副词来使用
在意义上，表示“主动、进行、伴随”
现在分词
作表语，表示主语的特征和性质，可被程度副词修饰。
The
movie
is
very
interesting.
It’s
boring
for
children
to
think
about
their
experiences.
现在分词
作定语，表示主动或进行的动作，被修饰的名词是逻辑主语。
The
island
may
disappear
because
of
the
rising
sea
levels.
One
day,
a
man
met
an
old
lady
standing
by
an
expensive
car.
现在分词
作宾补，前面的宾语是逻辑主语。
If
you
leave
the
water
running
while
you
wash
the
dishes,
you
might
waste
135
liters
of
water.
I
could
hear
loud
music
and
people
talking
as
I
walked
through
the
door.
现在分词
与be动词结合共同构成谓语动词
be+V-ing，构成进行时时态。
现在进行时：am,
is,
are
+
V-ing
He
is
reading
a
story
book.
过去进行时：was,
were
+
V-ing
They
were
having
a
meeting
at
this
time
yesterday.
现在完成时行时：have/has
been
+
V-ing
I
have
been
working
here
for
over
20
years.
现在分词
作各种状语
Hearing
his
words,
I
was
so
moved
that
tears
ran
down
my
face.
（时间状语）
Turning
to
the
right,
you’ll
see
the
bank.
(条件状语）
Working
every
day
with
that
goal
in
mind,
he
successfully
achieved
that
goal.
（原因状语）
现在分词
作各种状语
Hens
lay
eggs,
giving
birth
to
life.
（目的状语）
“Greenhouse”
gas
keeps
heat,
causing
our
planet
to
warm
up.
（结果状语）
Complete
the
sentences
of
the
given
words.
（方式状语）using
the
correct
forms
“Sweet,”
he
said,
walking
out
of
the
room.
（伴随状语）
现在分词
作独立成分
Generally
speaking,
I
think
life
is
better
today.
非谓语动词
不定式
动名词
现在
分词
过去
分词
to
do
doing
done
分
词
过去分词
相当于形容或副词；
可作定语、表语、宾补或状语；
没有语态和时态的变化；
意义上：
及物动词通常表“被动、完成”；
不及物动词通常表“主动、完成”。
过去分词
作表语，表示主语的状态或感受
My
bike
is
broken.
I
feel
surprised.
过去分词
作定语，表示已经完成的动作
She
talked
to
Animal
Helpers
about
getting
me
a
special
trained
dog.
A
man
named
Hoover
had
done
a
lot
for
the
university.
过去分词分词
与be动词结合共同构成谓语动词
be+V-ed，构成被动语态。
一般现在时：am,
is,
are
+
V-ed
Homework
is
done
by
them
every
day.
一般过去时：was,
were
+
V-ed
The
bridge
was
built
last
year.
一般将来时：will
be
+
V-ed
A
new
school
will
be
built
in
2022.
过去分词
作宾补，表示完成的、被动的动作
Not
everyone
in
our
class
will
hear
his
name
called
at
the
graduation
ceremony.
I
had
my
hair
cut
off
and
sold
it.
Can
you
make
yourself
understood
there?
If
you
wish
the
dream
realized,
please
try
you
best.
过去分词
作各种状语
Woken
by
a
strange
noise,
Peter
went
to
see
what
was
happening.
（时间）
Supported
by
the
government,
children
can
receive
better
education
here.
（条件）
Born
with
an
illness,
she
can’t
walk
as
others.
（原因）
过去分词
作各种状语
Troubled
by
heavy
snow,
they
finally
reached
the
top
of
the
mountain.
（让步）
Mike
ran
towards
the
sea,
followed
by
Gina
happily.
（伴随）
Guided
by
his
father,
Tom
understand
what
he
said.
（方式）
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
非谓语动词练习
I.单项选择。
1．—
How
about
going
hiking
this
weekend?
—
Sorry.
I
prefer
______
rather
than
______.
A．to
stay
at
home；go
out
B．to
go
out；stay
at
home
C．staying
at
home；go
out
D．going
out；stay
at
home
2．—
Could
you
tell
me
how
to
improve
spoken
English?
—
Well,
just
take
every
chance
to
practice
______
and
don’t
be
shy.
A．speak
B．to
speak
C．speaking
D．spoke
3.
He
pretended
______
me
when
he
walked
by.
A．not
see
B．not
to
see
C．don't
see
D．to
not
see
4．Listen!
There
must
be
someone
______
through
the
jungle.
A．trek
B．treking
C．trekking
D.
to
trek
5．She
writes
slowly
so
she
has
trouble
______
notes
in
class.
A．taken
B．taking
C．to
take
D.
took
6．My
English
teacher
is
easy
______
so
we
all
like
her.
A．to
get
along
with
B.
get
along
with
C．to
get
along
D.
getting
along
with
7．
Peter
is
busy
________
at
school，but
he
never
forgets
________
exercise
every
day．
A．working；doing
B．working；to
do
C．at
work；doing
8．I
saw
a
UFO
________
on
the
square
in
my
dream．
A．to
drop
B．1and
C．wear
D．to
fly
9．Tom’s
mother
asked
him
________
some
washing
after
dinner．
A．to
do
B．does
C．do
D．did
10．—Do
you
like
playing
the
piano?
—Yes，but
I
don’t
know
________
play
it
well．
A．what
B．how
C．what
to
D．how
to
11．
He
made
some
toys
________
his
little
son．
A．please
B．to
please
C．pleasing
D．pleased
12．Teenagers
should
not
______.
A．allowed
to
drive
B．be
allow
to
driving
C．be
allowed
driving
D．be
allowed
to
drive
13．I’m
very
______
and
I
really
need
an
______
vacation.
A．tired,
exciting
B．tired,
excited
C．tiring,
exciting
D．tiring,
excited
14．He's
very
good
at
English.
He
spends
most
of
his
free
time
______
new
words.
A．remember
B．remembering
C．remembers
D．remembered
15．—
When
are
you
leaving
for
the
concert?
—
I'm
not
sure.
I
haven't
finished
______
the
dishes.
A．do
B．to
do
C．doing
D．done
16．—
Why
did
you
buy
a
radio?
—
______
English.
A．Learn
B．Learning
C．To
learn
D．Be
learning
17．The
best
way
to
learn
English
is
______
you
______
in
an
English-speaking
environment.
A．let;
live
B．to
let;
to
live
C．letting;
living
D．to
let,
live
18．The
boy
is
often
seen
______
play
basketball
after
school.
A．play
B．to
play
C．to
playing
D．played
II.
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.
Jenny
saw
a
wallet
______（lie）on
the
ground.
2.
The
heavy
snow
stopped
them
from______(go)out
for
a
walk
the
day
before
yesterday.
3.
Don’t
you
hear
someone
______(sing)
in
the
next
room?
4.
The
little
girl
really
feels
like_______(eat)eggs.
5.
Keep
______(try).You
are
sure
to
get
a
good
result.
6.
Lily
finished
______(read)
the
book
yesterday.
7.
Mr
Lee
made
us
______(laugh)
8.
—The
children
should
be
told
_____(not
break)
the
traffic
rules.
—That’s
right.
9.
He
found
it
hard
____(catch)
up
with
his
classmates
,because
all
his
classmates
worked
very
hard.
10.
This
is
the
best
way
_____(work)
out
this
problem.
【答案与解析】
I.单项选择。
1.
A。考查句型prefer
to
do
sth.
rather
than
do
sth.，表示“宁愿……，而不愿……”。句子的意思是
“—这个周末去远足怎么样？—很抱歉，我宁愿呆在家里也不愿意出去”。
2.
C。practice的意思是“练习”，其后接动名词形式作宾语，不能接不定式，所以答案为C项。
3.
B。pretend的意思是“假装”，其后接不定式作宾语，由此可以排除A和C，其否定形式为pretend
not
to
do
sth.，所以答案为B项。句子的意思是“当他走过我的身旁时，他假装没有看见我”。
4.
C。分析句子结构可知，该空要使用现在分词作定语，trek的现在分词形式是trekking，所以答案为C项。
5.
B。此题考查结构have
trouble
doing
sth.，表示“做某事有困难”，答案为B项。
6.
A。be
easy
to
do
sth.表示“做某事是容易的”，注意get
along
with中的介词with不可省，所以答案为A项。
7．B。
句意：彼得在学校忙于工作，但他每天从不忘记做锻炼。be
busy
doing
sth.
忙着做某事；forget
to
do
sth.忘记做某事(事情还未做)。
8．B。
句意：在梦里，我看见一个不明飞行物在广场上着陆。see
sb.
/sth.
do
sth．看见某人/某物做某事；land意为“着陆”。
9．A。
句意：汤姆的妈妈让他晚饭后洗碗。ask
sb.
to
do
sth.
(动词不定式作宾语补足语)让某人做某事。故选A。
10．D。
句意为“——你喜欢弹钢琴吗?——是的，但我不知道怎样才能弹好它”。由句子结构可知，it作play的宾语，所以不能用what。此处考查“特殊疑问词+不定式”，故选D。
11．B。
句意：他制作了一些玩具来讨好他年幼的儿子。这里应该用带to的动词不定式来作目的状语。正确答案为B。
12.
D。此题考查句型allow
sb.
to
do
sth.，表示“允许某人做某事”，此处使用的是被动语态。句子的意思是“青少年不应该被允许驾车”。
13.
A。tiring
“累人的；令人疲倦的，麻烦的；无聊的”，常用来形容物；tired“疲倦的，厌倦的，厌烦的”，常用来形容人。由此可知第一空使用tired。excited意思是“兴奋的，激动的”，多用来修饰人；exciting意思是“使人兴奋的，刺激的，令人惊心动魄的，极其有趣的”，修饰物。由此可知答案为A项。
14.
B。此题考查结构spend
some
time
(in)
doing
sth.，表示“花费时间做事某”，所以答案为B项。
15.
C。finish动词，意为“完成”，其后接动名词作宾语，所以答案为C项。
16.
C。上句的意思是“你为什么买收音机？”答案为C项，不定式表示目的，也就是说，买收音机的目的是学习英语。
17.
D。
let
sb.
do
sth.表示“让某人做某事”，由此可以排除B和C；第一空所填词要作表语，可以使用不定式，但不能使用动词，所以D项正确。
18.
B。在短语see
sb.
do
sth.（看见某人做某事）中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补，改为被动语态时要加上to。所以答案为B项。
II.
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.
lying
2.going
3.singing
4.eating
5.trying
6.
reading
7.laugh
8.not
to
break
9.to
catch
10.to
work
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