(共36张PPT)
中考二轮复习
动词的语态
通用版
九年级
中考英语复习语法专题
动词的语态
通用版
2021
2021年3月
被动语态考什么？
理解概念
被动语态的各种时态
主动变被动的方法
主动形式表被动意义
佳句赏析
A?man?is?known?by?his?friends.
Lost?time?is?never?found?again.
Don't?put?off?till?tomorrow?what?should?be?done?today.
被动语态的理解
英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。例：
Many
people
speak
English．（主动语态）
English
is
spoken
by
many
people。
（被动语态）
被动语态的用法
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或当我们对动作的承受者更关心或更感兴趣时，要用被动语态。
一般说来，只有及物动词才有被动语态。例：
This
jacket
is
made
of
cotton。
Chinese
is
mainly
spoken
in
China。
被动语态的基本形式
被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be，有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与连系动词be完全一样。
(助动词)
be
+
及物动词的过去分词
被动语态考查的时态
一般现在时
am/is/are
+
及物动词的过去分词
一般过去式
was/were
+
及物动词的过去分词
一般将来时
will
be
+
及物动词的过去分词
现在完成时
have/has
been
+
及物动词的过去分词
一般现在时
由“助动词am／is／are
＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
They
teach
English
in
No，14
Middle
Schoo1．（主动语态）
>>
English
is
taught
by
them
in
No，
14
Middle
Schoo1.（被动语态）
People
use
knives
for
cutting
things.
（主动语态）
>>
Knives
are
used
by
people
for
cutting
things.（被动语态）
一般过去时
由“助动词was／were
＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
They
made
these
machines
last
year.（主动语态）
>>
These
machines
were
made
last
year.（被动语态）
The
doctor
saved
Edison’s
mother.
（主动语态）
>>
Edison’s
mother
was
saved
by
the
doctor．（被动语态）
一般将来时
由“助动词shall／will＋be＋及物动词的过去分词，构成。例：
We
shall
plant
more
trees
next
year。
>>
More
trees
will
be
planted
next
year。
They
will
visit
an
old
worker
this
afternoon.
>>
An
old
worker
will
be
visited
this
afternoon.
现在完成时
由助动词have
/has
+been+及物动同的过去分词构成。
We
have
learned
more
than
2000
English
words
by
now.
>>More
than
2000
English
words
have
been
learned
by
now.
含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成。
We
can
repair
this
watch
in
two
days.
>>
This
watch
can
be
repaired
in
two
days.
They
should
do
it
at
once.
>>
It
should
be
done
at
once.
主动语态变被动语态的方法
（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）
（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。
（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：
All
the
people
laughed
at
him.
>>
He
was
laughed
at
by
all
people.
含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态
主动语态:
主语
+
谓语动词
+
间接、直接宾语
+
其他
被动语态:
间接宾语
+
be
+
过去分词
+
直接宾语
+
其他(比较常用)
或:直接宾语
+
be
+
过去分词
+
介词(for
/
to)
+
间接宾语
+
其他
My
father
gave
me
a
new
book
on
my
birthday.
→
I
was
given
a
new
book
on
my
birthday
(by
my
father).
→
A
new
book
was
given
to
me
on
my
birthday
(by
my
father).
常见的关系副词
where
代替表示地点的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如：
The
place
where
(in
which)
we're
to
have
the
Speech
Contest
has
not
been
decided
yet.
He
is
living
in
a
newly-built
house
where
(in
which
place)
there
used
to
be
a
pond.
含有短语动词的主动语态变为被动语态
有些相当于及物动词的短语动词,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可用于被动语态,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。
She
looks
after
her
grandmother.
Her
grandmother
is
looked
after
(by
her).
带有复合宾语的主动语态变为被动语态
带有复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的主动语态变为被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不动。
His
teacher
found
him
a
very
good
pupil.
→
He
was
found
a
very
good
pupil
by
his
teacher.
变被动语态的注意事项
在主动句中,
let,
make,
see,
hear等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to,但在被动句中,则要保留to。
Linda’s
parents
make
her
practice
the
piano
every
Sunday.
→Linda
is
made
to
practice
the
piano
every
Sunday.
变被动语态的注意事项
有些及物动词如have(有),reach,
cost等,以及有些连系动词如smell,
taste,
sound,
feel等,不用于被动语态。
【误】
Five
dollars
is
cost
by
this
book.
【正】
This
book
costs
five
dollars.
【误】
The
food
is
tasted
nice.
【正】
The
food
tastes
nice.
主动形式表被动
英语中有很多动词如
break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式
表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
This
kind
of
cloth
washes
well.
主动形式表被动
主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：
The
door
won't
lock．
（指门本身有毛病）
The
door
won't
be
locked．
（指不会有人来锁门,
指“门没有锁”是人的原因）
主动形式表被动
表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,
last,
take
place,
break
out,
come
out,
come
about,
come
true,
run
out,
give
out,
turn
out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
How
do
the
newspapers
come
out?
主动形式表被动
系动词没有被动形式,
但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,
sound,
taste,
book,
feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
Your
reason
sounds
reasonable.
被动形式表主动
某些“动词+反身代词”变为被动语态，表主动意义
He
dressed
himself
in
the
morning.
He
was
dressed
in
the
morning.
某些不及物动词的过去分词（如gone,
fallen,
broken等）
The
window
was
broken
yesterday.
某些形容词化的表情感态度的过去分词作表语时
The
song
Long
Live
makes
me
feel
excited.
不可变为被动语态的主动语态
1
.
宾语为抽象名词或处所名词。如：
She
always
worries
about
her
health
.
她总是担心她的健康。
His
friends
left
Beijing
by
train
yesterday
.
昨天他的朋友们坐火车离开了北京。
2
.
宾语为反身代词或相互代词。如：
They
are
teaching
themselves
English
.
他们正在自学英语。
We
should
learn
from
each
other
.
我们应该互相学习。
不可变为被动语态的主动语态
3
.
宾语为行为者身上的某部位或某器官。如：
At
last
he
put
his
hands
up
.
4
.
宾语为表示某组织机构的词组。如：
His
father
joined
the
Party
two
years
ago
.
他父亲两年前入了党。
5
.
谓语部分为一个不可分割的动词短语。如：
Then
he
made
faces
and
jumped
like
a
monkey
.
接着他做鬼脸并象猴子一样地跳。
下列情况下，by
短语不能省略
①主动语态的主语是句子中的强调成分。如：
Even
a
child
can
answer
this
question
.
→This
question
can
be
answered
even
by
a
child
.
②省去
by
短语，句子意思不完整或者含糊不清。如：
Miss
Gao
teaches
us
English
.
→We
are
taught
English
by
Miss
Gao
.
下列情况下，by
短语不能省略
③主动语态以疑问代词作主语的句子。如：
Who
discovered
America
?
→Who(Whom)
was
America
discover
?
④用英文表达汉语的“被，由，为……所……”等意思。如：
Telephone
was
invented
by
Bell
.
The
boy
was
beaten
by
his
father
.
下列情况下，by
短语可以省略
①主动语态是“主+谓+宾+状”结构。如：
They
completed
the
building
in
1996
.
→The
building
was
completed
in
1996
.
②主动语态含有双宾语。如：
He
gave
me
some
advice
.
→I
was
given
some
advice
.
Some
advice
was
given
(to)
me
.
下列情况下，by
短语可以省略
③主动语态中含有复合宾语。如：
I
saw
him
go
downstairs
.
→
He
was
seen
to
go
downstairs
.
④主动语态中含有宾语从句。如：
I
believe
that
he
will
keep
his
word
.
→
He
is
believed
to
keep
his
word
.
(=It
is
believed
that
he
will
keep
his
word
.
)
be
covered
with
被……覆盖
be
made
of
由……制作
be
made
from
由……制作
be
made
in
在……制造
Be
made
by
由……制作
be
used
for
被用于……
Be
used
as
作为……使用
be
used
to
do
被用来做…
It’s
said
that
据说……
it’s
reported
that
据报道
It’s
believed
that
大家相信…
it’s
well
know
that
从所周知…
It’s
supposed
that
据推测
it’s
considered
that
人们认为…
It’s
suggested
that
有人建议…
it’s
hoped
that
希望…
常见的含有被动语态的词组搭配
随堂练习
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被动语态练习
一、选择题
(
)1._____
a
new
library
_____
in
our
school
last
year?
A.
Is;
built
B.
Was;
built
C.
Does;
build
D.
Did
;
build
(
)2.
An
accident
____
on
this
road
last
week.
A.
has
been
happened
B.
was
happened
C.
is
happened
D.
happened
(
)3.Cotton
____
in
the
southeast
of
China.
A.
is
grown
B.
are
grown
C.
grows
D.
grow
(
)4.So
far,
the
moon
____
by
man
already.
A.
is
visited
B.
will
be
visited
C.
has
been
visited
D.
was
visited
(
)5.A
talk
on
Chinese
history
_____
in
the
school
hall
next
week.
A.
is
given
B.
has
been
given
C.
will
be
given
D.
gives
(
)6.How
many
trees
____
this
year?
A.
are
planted
B.
will
plant
C.
have
been
planted
D.
planted
(
)7.A
lot
of
things
____
by
people
to
save
the
little
girl
now.
A.
are
doing
B.
are
being
done
C.
has
been
done
D.
will
be
done
(
)8.--When
___
this
kind
of
computers______?
--Last
year.
A.
did;
use
B.
was;
used
C.
is;
used
D.
are;
used
(
)9.The
Great
Wall
____
all
over
the
world.
A.
knows
B.
knew
C.
is
known
D.
was
known
(
)10.Who
_____
this
book
_____?
A.
did;
written
B.
was;
written
by
C.
did;
written
D.
was;
written
(
)11.A
story
_____
by
Granny
yesterday.
A.
was
told
us
B.
was
told
to
us
C.
is
told
us
D.
told
us
(
)12.The
monkey
was
seen
_____
off
the
tree.
A.
jump
B.
jumps
C.
jumped
D.
to
jump
(
)13.The
school
bag
___
behind
the
chair.
A.
puts
B.
can
be
put
C.
can
be
putted
D.
can
put
(
)14.Older
people
____
well.
A.
looks
after
B.
must
be
looked
after
C.
must
look
after
D.
looked
after
(
)15.Our
teacher
______
carefully.
A.
should
be
listened
to
B.
should
be
listen
C.
be
listened
D.
is
listened
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。
1.It's
said(据说)
that
the
long
bridge______________（build）in
two
months．
2.Where
to
have
the
meeting
______________
（discuss）now．
3.Which
language
_______the
most
widely_______（speak）in
the
world？
4.The
lost
boy_____________（not
find）so
far．
5.Last
year
a
large
number
of
trees______________（cut）down．
6.
The
students
_____
often
_____(tell)
to
take
care
of
their
desks
and
chairs.
7.
The
old
man
is
ill.
He
______
(must
send)
to
the
hospital.
8.
Vegetables,
eggs
and
fruits_________
(sell)
in
this
shop.
9.
What
_______
knives
______
(make)
of
?
They_______________(make)
of
metal(金属)
and
wood.
10.
Can
the
magazine
________
(take)
out
of
the
library?
11.
The
room
_____________
(clean)
by
me
every
day.
12.
The
stars
can’t
_____________
(see)
in
the
daytime.
13.
Some
flowers
_______________
(water)
by
Li
Ming
already.
14.
This
kind
of
shoes
__________
(sell)
well.
15.
How
long
_____
your
uncle
______(be)
in
the
city?
16.
The
food
_____________
(smell)
delicious.
17.
Look!
Someone
__________(dance).
答案：
一、选择题
1.
B2.
D3.A
4.
C5.
6.C
7.B
8.B
9.C
10.
B11.B
12.D
13.B
14.
B15.A
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。
1.will
be
built
2.
is
being
discussed
3.
is
spoken
4.
hasn’t
been
found
5.
were
cut
6.are
told
7.
must
be
sent
8.
are
sold
9.are
made
,
are
made
10.
be
taken
11.is
cleaned
12.
be
seen
13.
have
been
watered
14.
sells
15.
has,
been
16.
smells
17
is
dancing
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