2021年中考英语二轮语法专题复习 第29讲形容词和副词 64张PPT

第29讲 形容词和副词
第二部分 语法
这一讲要求掌握形容词、副词的基本用法及区别，形容词、副词比较等级的构成及用法。
一、形容词
1. 形容词的基本作用是对名词起修饰、描绘作用，表示名词的性质、特征，在句子中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语等。但要注意，有些形容词，如 alone, afraid, asleep 等只能作表语。例如：
误： Don’t wake the asleep baby up.
正： The baby is asleep. Don’t wake him up.
2. 形容词修饰 something, anything, nothing 等不定代词时，要放在这些词的后面。例如：
I have something important to tell you.
3. 多个修饰语作定语时的顺序：(1)冠词或人称代词所有格；(2)数词；(3)性质；(4)大小；(5)形状；(6)老小、新旧；(7)颜色；(8)质地、国籍、用途。例如：
There is a fine old stone building over there.
He still lives in this small short house.
She bought ten beautiful Chinese cups.
4. 形容词的名词化：有些形容词，如 rich, poor, good, bad, young, old, healthy, ill, living, dead 等，前面加定冠词后具有名词的意义，表示一类人，其谓语常用复数形式。例如：
We should take care of the old. 我们应该照顾好老人。
The rich are not always happier than the poor. 富人不一定总是比穷人快乐。
5. 形容词比较级可以用 much, far, even, a lot, a little 等表示程度的词修饰。例如：
This film is much more interesting than that one. 这部电影比那部有趣得多。
6. 形容词最高级的用法：
(1)主语+系动词+the+形容词最高级+of(in)+范围. 例如：
She is the tallest student in our class. 她是我们班上最高的学生。
(2)one of the +最高级+复数名词。例如：
Guilin is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. 桂林是世界上最美丽的城市之一。
(3)最高级前可用序数词修饰。例如：
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国的第二长河流。
7. -ing 形容词和-ed 形容词的比较：
-ing 结尾的形容词表示主动意义，多指事物影响到人，意思是“使人(感到)……的”。-ed 结尾的形容词表示被动意义，多指人受到事物的影响，意思是“感到……的”，常用于“be+-ed 结尾的形容词+介词”结构，有时也作定语用。例如：
We are all surprised at his surprising words. 听到他令人惊奇的话语，我们都觉得很惊讶。
The twins are both interested in this interesting book. 这对双胞胎都对这本有趣的书很感兴趣。

二、副词
1. 副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词以及整个句子，通常在句中作状语、表语、定语和宾语补足语。例如：
She sat there quietly.(作状语，修饰动词)
My mother is out.(作表语)
Luckily, he is not badly hurt.(luckily 修饰整个句子，badly 修饰动词 hurt)
2. 副词根据其意义和用法，可分为表示时间、地点、方式、程度、频率的副词。
(1)表示时间、地点、方式的副词。
表示时间的常用副词有 since, now, today, yesterday, yet, before 等。表示地点的常用副词有 home, here, there, inside, around, near, everywhere 等。表示方式的常用副词有 early, slowly, carefully, easily 等。
(2)表示频率的常用副词有 always, often, usually, seldom, never, sometimes 等。
(3)表示程度的常用副词有 greatly, deeply, quite, very, too, enough 等。
3. 副词的位置。
(1)多数副词放在动词之后或句末(宾语或状语之后)。例如：
The sun shines brightly in the sky. 太阳在天上明亮地照耀着。
The children are listening to their teacher carefully. 孩子们正在仔细地听老师讲课。
(2)频率副词通常放在行为动词之前，系动词 be、助动词或情态动词之后。例如:
I often go to work at 7:30. 我经常在7点30分去上班。
Linda is never late for school. 琳达上学从来不迟到。
My brother can always make people laugh. 我弟弟总是能让人发笑。
(3)enough 修饰形容词和副词时要后置，修饰名词则不用后置。例如：
She is old enough to go to school. 她足够大了，可以去上学了。
We have enough water for a picnic. 我们野餐有足够的水。
三、形容词、副词比较等级的构成
1. 规则变化：
2. 几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级，如下表：
3. 双音节(以“辅音字母+y”结尾的除外)及多音节的形容词和副词变化的方法是, 在形容词或副词前面加 more, most。例如：
delicious—more delicious—most delicious
heavily—more heavily—most heavily
4. 有些形容词无比较级和最高级，如 dead, empty, sure, round, woolen 等。
四、形容词、副词比较等级的用法
1. 表示两者程度相同时，用“A+as+形容词/副词的原级+as+B”。例如：
Jack is as tall as his sister. 杰克和他姐姐一样高。
The little boy runs as fast as his pet dog. 那个小男孩和他的宠物狗跑得一样快。
2. 在表示一方不如另一方时，用“A+not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as+B”。例如：
My sister is not as/so old as yours. 我姐姐年龄没有你姐姐大。
3. 在表示一方超过另一方时，用“A+形容词或副词的比较级+ than+B”。例如：
My bike is more expensive than yours. 我的自行车比你的贵。
4. 在表示三者或三者以上的人或事物中谁的程度最高时，用“the+形容词／副词的最高级+in/of/among”(副词最高级前的 the 可省略)。例如：
Lily is the youngest in our class. 莉莉是我们班年纪最小的。
He studies (the) hardest among us. 他在我们当中学习最努力。
5. 形容词和副词的两个惯用句型：
(1)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。例如：
When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer. 春天来了，天气越来越暖和了。
(2)“the+比较级...，the+比较级...”，表示“越……就越……”。例如：
The more we get together, the happier we’ll be. 我们聚得越多，我们就越开心。
{5FD0F851-EC5A-4D38-B0AD-8093EC10F338}考点盘点
1. 形容词 2. 副词
命题聚焦
1. 主要考查比较级和最高级的基本句型及其用法。
2. 主要考查形容词/副词的位置与顺序。
3. 主要考查形容词作表语和定语的用法；-ed结尾的形容词与-ing结尾的形容词的区别及用法。
4. 主要考查“The+比较级...，the+比较级...”及“比较级+and+比较级”的结构。
例1 —How excellent the basketball players are!
—Yes! Their coach is always with them. They practice really hard every day.
A. strict B. free
C. bored D. angry
(2020年广西贵港市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查形容词词义辨析。 strict “严格的”；free “自由的”；bored “厌倦的”；angry “生气的”。根据“They practice really hard every day.”可知教练对他们很严格。 be strict with sb. 意为“对某人严格要求”。句意：——他们是多么优秀的篮球运动员啊!——是的。教练对他们总是很严格。他们每天都很努力地练习。故答案选 A。
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例2 The scientist works hard for his country. He sets a good example for us.
A. never B. hardly
C. always D. seldom
(2020年广西北部湾经济区中考题)
【解析】 本题考查频率副词辨析。 never “从不”；hardly “几乎不”；always “总是，一直”； seldom “很少”。 根据“He sets a good example for us. ”可知，应该用 always 表示“总是”努力工作。句意：那位科学家总是为国家努力工作。他为我们树立了一个好榜样。故答案选 C。
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例3 you study, the better grades you will get.
A. Hard B. Harder
C. The harder D. The hardest
(2020年广西百色市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查“the +比较级...，the +比较级...”结构。这一结构意为 “越……就越……”，这是比较级的一种特殊句型。 hard 此处作副词，修饰动词 study。根据句意和结构可知，空格处填 The harder。句意：你学习越努力，成绩就会越好。故答案选 C。
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例4 Jim is good at running. He can run as as his friend Bob.
A. fast B. faster
C. fastest D. the fastest
(2020年广西河池市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查副词的原级比较。 “as...as...”意为“和……一样”，两个 as 之间用形容词或副词的原级，此处是修饰动词 run，应用副词 fast。句意: 吉姆擅长跑步。他能和他的朋友鲍勃跑得一样快。故答案选 A。
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例5 Of the two coats, she’d like to choose the one to save money for a book.
A. cheaper B. cheapest
C. more expensive D. most expensive
(2020年广西梧州市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查形容词的比较级。根据 of the two coats 可知，比较的范围是两者，所以用比较级；又根据 save money(省钱)可推知她想选择便宜的那件。句意：在这两件外套中，她想选那件便宜的，以省钱买本书。故答案选 A。
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例6 —What is river in China?
—The Yangtze River. It’s about 6,300 kilometers long.
A. long B. longer
C. longest D. the longest
(2020年广西贵港市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查形容词的最高级。句意：——中国最长的河流是什么？——长江。它大约6300千米长。根据问句中 in China 可知，是中国所有的河流进行比较，所以应用最高级形式。形容词的最高级前需要加定冠词 the。故答案选 D。
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例7 The man in blue is old to finish the difficult task in such a short time.
A. too B. very
C. so D. such
(2020年贵州黔南州中考题)
【解析】 本题考查副词词义辨析和固定搭配。根据句子结构可知，此句使用了“too+形容词+to do sth.”结构，意为“太……以至于不能……”。句意：穿蓝色衣服的那位先生年纪太大了以至于不能在这么短的时间内完成这项困难的事。故答案选 A。
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例8 It was for us to solve the maths problem. Few of us could even understand it.
A. easy enough B. enough easy
C. difficult enough D. enough difficult
(2020年贵州黔西南州中考题)
【解析】 本题考查 enough 与形容词连用时的位置。 enough 修饰形容词或副词时要后置(即放在形容词或副词的后面)，修饰名词时可放在名词之前，也可放在名词之后，所以排除 B 和 D 两项。再根据“Few of us could even understand it.”可知这道数学题对“我们”来说很难，应用 difficult。句意：这道数学题对我们来说很难解答。我们中甚至几乎没有人能理解它。故答案选 C。
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例9 —I’m proud of Ezhou, our homeland.
—So am I. It is becoming .
A. more and more beautifully B. more beautiful and beautiful
C. more and more beautiful D. more beautifully and beautifully
(2020年湖北鄂州市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查“比较级+and +比较级”结构。这一结构意为“越来越……”。句中 become 作系动词，意为“变得”，其后跟形容词作表语，因此用 more and more beautiful 表示“越来越美丽”。句意：——我为家乡鄂州感到骄傲。——我也是。它变得越来越美丽了。故答案选 C。
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例10 Jenny’s parents were completely when they saw the changes in her.
A. surprising; amazing B. surprised; amazing
C. surprising; amazed D. surprised; amazed
(2020年江苏常州市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查以-ing 结尾的形容词及-ed 结尾的形容词的区别。以-ing 结尾的形容词一般用来描述事物，表示主动意义，意思是“使人(感到)……的”；而以-ed 结尾的形容词一般用来描述人，表示被动意义，意思是“感到……的”。第一空的主语是人，表示 “父母感到惊讶的”，应用 surprised 作表语; 第二空修饰名词 changes，应用 amazing 作定语，表示“令人惊喜的改变”。故答案选 B。
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例11 —Chinese mountain climbers got to the top of Qomolangma again in 2020!
—How exciting! Qomolangma is one of places for serious mountain climbers.
A. popular B. more popular
C. most popular D. the most popular
(2020年湖北黄冈市中考题)
【解析】 本题考查形容词的最高级。“one of+the + 形容词最高级+名词复数形式”句型表示的意思是“最……之一”。 句意：中国登山者在2020年再次登上珠穆朗玛峰!——多么令人兴奋! 珠穆朗玛峰是最受登山爱好者欢迎的地方之一。故答案选 D。
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例12 We should keep the windows in order to let the fresh air in.
A. opened B. opening
C. open
(2019年黑龙江龙东地区中考题)
【解析】 本题考查形容词的用法。此句用了固定结构“keep + sb. /sth.+形容词”，意为“使某人或某物保持某种状态”，此处 open 是形容词，意为“开着的”，作 keep 的宾语补足语。句意：为了让新鲜的空气进来，我们应该保持窗户开着。故答案选 C。
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1. I like these books because they offer me a lot of knowledge.
A. useful B. awful
C. useless D. boring
(2020年贵州黔东南州中考题)
2. Our Chinese teacher is so that each student likes her.
A. patient B. lucky
C.shy D. busy
(2020年辽宁铁岭市、葫芦岛市中考题)
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3. —Cindy, I have bought a lot of fruits for you.
—Wonderful! Let’s put them into the fridge to keep them .
A.clean B. fresh
C.fit
(2020年广东深圳市中考题)
4. —How your sofa feels!
—Is it like a soft bed? I often lie on it for a short break at noon.
A.terrible B. comfortable
C. humorous D. dangerous
(2020年湖北襄阳市中考题)
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5. Although it is raining , the policemen are still on duty in the street.
A.clearly B. directly
C.heavily
(2020年海南省中考题)
6. After months of looking, he found a job. That made him quite happy.
A. hardly B. quickly
C.finally D. sadly
(2020年甘肃金昌市中考题)
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7. Because people can find information on the Internet, knowledge spreads .
A. quickly B. loudly
C. hardly D. nearly
(2020年天津市中考题)
8. —How are you getting on with your work?
—I can’t do it any longer. I’ll have to get help.
A.hard B. quietly
C. simply D. alone
(2020年湖北荆州市中考题)
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9. —How often do you go to the cinema?
— I only watch movies at home.
A.Always. B. Usually.
C.Sometimes. D. Never.
(2020年浙江温州市中考题)
10. —Is the weather still hot and dry these days?
—Yes. It will rain this week.
A.hardly B. actually
C. mostly D. recently
(2020年湖北襄阳市中考题)
解析：根据回答“Yes.”可知这周仍会继续保持炎热、干燥的天气，因此几乎不会下雨。
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11. Listen to me , or you can’t follow me.
A. care B. careful
C. carefully
(2020年黑龙江绥化市中考题)
12. —Mummy, why do you have grey hair?
—Because you always make me .
—Oh, I know why my grandma’s hair is white.
A.bored B. worried
C.relaxed D. surprised
(2020年山东东营市中考题)
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13. —A Long March 5(长征五号) rocket carrying China’s heaviest satellite was launched.
—Amazing! It happened on Dec. 27, 2019 in Wenchang, Hainan.
A.successful B. successfully
C.success D. succeed
(2020年湖北咸宁市中考题)
14. Have you seen my mobile phone, Sam? I can’t find it .
A. everywhere B. somewhere
C. nowhere D. anywhere
(2020年贵州黔西南州中考题)
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15. Some people are power, wealth or fame, but all I want is only health and happiness.
A. responsible for B. known for
C. thirsty for D. thankful to
(2020年四川达州市中考题)
16. Life is love everywhere. Let’s enjoy it.
A. full of B. made of
C. proud of D. afraid of
(2020年辽宁葫芦岛市中考题)
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17. —Let’s divide the rubbish into different kinds before throwing it away.
—OK. It’s us to use some of it again.
A.thankful to B. good for
C.similar to D. painful for
(2020年湖北襄阳市中考题)
18. —Does the dish taste as as it looks?
—Yes. I can’t wait to eat it.
A.well B. good
C.better D. best
(2020年湖北咸宁市中考题)
解析： as...as 意为“和……一样”，是原级比较，两个 as 中间用形容词或副词的原级；感官动词后用形容词，故此处填 good。
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19. This street is much than that one.
A.wide B. wider
C.widest D. the widest
(2020年天津市中考题)
20. Emma loves animals and looks after her pet dog than her friends.
A.carefully B. more carefully
C.most carefully D. the most carefully
(2020年辽宁沈阳市中考题)
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21. The glass bridge in Shijiazhuang is than any other one in China.
A.long B. the longest
C.longest D. longer
(2020年甘肃天水市中考题)
解析：由关键词 than 可知本题中是石家庄的玻璃桥和中国其他地方的玻璃桥相比，是两者的对比，应该用比较级。
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22. With 5G network, driverless cars will run than before.
A.safe B. safer
C.safely D. more safely
(2020年甘肃天水市中考题)
23. —How is your cold, Tom? Did you take the medicine?
—Yes, three times a day. But it’s getting , I suppose. I have a headache today.
A.worse B. worst
C.better D. best
(2020年江苏无锡市中考题)
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24. —I don’t really like big cities.
—Neither do I. I feel much in the countryside.
A.free B. freer
C. freest D. the freest
(2020年江苏苏州市中考题)
解析： much，a little，a bit 等可以用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级。根据句意和设空处前面的 much 可知，此处应该用比较级 freer，表示“自由得多”。
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25. Balanced diets are just as as regular exercise in our daily life．
A.important B. more important
C.most important D. the most important
(2020年上海市中考题)
26. Of the two maths problems, I can just work out one.
A. the less difficult B. more difficult
C. the more difficult D. less difficult
(2020年四川达州市中考题)
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27. You’ve done a good job, and I’m sure you can do it .
A. worse B. worst
C. better D. best
(2020年重庆市 B 卷中考题)
28. The young man was of all the performers.
A. more creative B. much creative
C. the most creative D. the creativest
(2020年四川遂宁市中考题)
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29. —Who is , Tina or Tara?
—I think Tina is.
A. outgoing B. more outgoing
C. most outgoing D. the most outgoing
(2020年四川内江市中考题)

解析：根据 Tina or Tara 可知是两者相比，所以用比较级。
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30. —Sarah, I’m a very slow reader. Could you give me some advice to improve my reading speed?
—Well, keep on reading something you enjoy. The more you read, you’ll be.
A.the slower B. the fresher
C. the faster
(2020年黑龙江哈尔滨市中考题)
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31. —You have made great progress on your study.
—Thank you. I believe you work, the better grades you will get.
A.the more careless B. the more careful
C. the worse D. the harder
(2020年辽宁锦州市中考题)
解析：“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构意为“越……就越……”。 work 是动词，应用副词修饰，排除 A 和 B 两项，再由句意“你越努力学习，成绩就会越好”可知 D 项符合题意。
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32. Zhaozhou Bridge is one of stone bridges in the world.
A. old B. older
C. oldest D. the oldest
(2020年北京市中考题)
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33. My People, My Country is movie I’ve ever seen.
A.more educational B. the most educational
C.educational D. less educational
(2020年山东青岛市中考题)
34. Garbage-sorting(垃圾分类)encourages people to live life than before. It makes the earth a better place to live in.
A. a greener B. the greenest
C.a wilder D. the wildest
(2020年云南昆明市中考题)
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35. —Can you tell me when the Boeing 737 MAX planes will be allowed to fly again, sir?
—I’m afraid it’s still to talk about that. We’ll see.
A.later enough B. early enough
C.too late D. too early
(2019年江苏无锡市中考题)
解析： too...to 为固定结构，意为“太……而不能……”。根据句意“恐怕现在说这个还太早”可知应选 D。
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36. Sam is 11 years old. Peter is 16 years old. Peter is 5 years than Sam.
A. older B. shorter
C. newer D. longer
(2019年甘肃七市中考题)
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37. —Can you give me some advice on how to be slimmer?
—Eat meat and cakes.
A.less; less B. fewer; fewer
C.less; fewer D. fewer; less
(2019年江苏常州市中考题)
38. The pizza smells and it sells .
A.good; well B. well; good
C.well; well D. good; good
解析： smell 意为“闻起来”，是感官动词，其后接形容词，故第一空填 good；sell 是动词，要用副词修饰，故第二空填 well。
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39. —Time is money.
—But I think it’s money.
A. as important as B. the most important
C. more important than D. so important as
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1. The old soldier could control himself at the moment. That picture reminds him of the heroes in the war.
A.nearly B. hardly
C. slowly D. really
(2020年广西河池市中考题)
解析： nearly“几乎，差不多”；hardly“几乎不”；slowly“慢慢地”；really“真正地”。由句意“那名老兵难以控制住自己，那些图片让他想起了战争年代的英雄们”可知，应该填 hardly。
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2. It’s a good idea to have some chocolate when you are .
A. noisy B. pretty
C.lively D. hungry
(2020年广西北部湾经济区中考题)
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3. —Who’s the winner of women’s 200 m freestyle final in Swimming World Cup 2019?
—Yang Junxuan. She swam of all.
A. fast B. faster
C. fastest D. much faster
(2020年广西玉林市中考题)
解析：根据答句中 of all 可知，是三者以上的比较，应用最高级形式；副词最高级前面定冠词 the 可省略。故答案选 C。
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4. Robots usually do work in factories.
A. heavy B. heavier
C. heavily
(2020年广西桂林市中考题)
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5. To avoid making mistakes, please read the questions before you answer them.
A.careful B. careless
C.carefully D. carelessly
(2020年广西百色市中考题)
6. Jenny, it’s time to practice the piano. you practice, you’ll play.
A.More; better B. More; worse
C.The more; the better D. The less; the better
(2020年广西贺州市中考题)
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7. —Why is Mike so popular in your class?
—Because he always tells jokes. He is .
A.humorous B. polite
C.honest D. friendly
(2019年广西北部湾经济区六市同城中考题)
8. Wang Wei speaks English as as Yang Lan. They both study English hard.
A.good B. well
C.better D. best
(2019年广西百色市中考题)
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9. Tina, close the door . Your brother is studying for the exam.
A.clearly B. easily
C.widely D. quietly
(2019年广西河池市中考题)
10. —Why was Jim late for work this morning？
—He got up late．
A. nearly B. gradually
C.hardly D. probably
(2019年广西贵港市中考题)
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11. —Frank has changed a lot， hasn’t he？
—Yes. He is much because he exercises every day．
A.strong B. stronger
C.strongest D. the strongest
(2019年广西贵港市中考题)
12. Linda is of the three girls, but she is the tallest.
A.young B. younger
C.youngest D. the youngest
(2019年广西河池市中考题)
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13. Tea is one of drinks in the world.
A.more popular B. the more popular
C.most popular D. the most popular
(2019年广西百色市中考题)
14. —What do you think of the TV program The Reader？
—Excellent. Many people are about it. They never miss it．
A.nervous B. worried
C.crazy D. angry
(2019年广西贵港市中考题)
解析： be crazy about 意为“着迷于”。
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15. Peter studies of all the students in his class.
A.hard B. harder
C.hardest
(2019年广西柳州市中考题)
16. Of all the students in my class, Lily studies .
A. most carefully B. carefully
C. more carefully
(2019年广西桂林市中考题)
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